Warm Therapy Research Articles

Accuracy of a zero-heat-flux thermometer in cardiac surgery, a prospective, multicentre, method comparison study

Accurate measurement of core temperature is of utmost importance during on-pump cardiac surgery, for detection of hypothermia before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), guidance of temperature management on CPB, active rewarming on CPB and guidance of warming therapy after CPB. Most temperature measurement methods are known to become inaccurate during rapid changes in core temperature and suffer from delayed detection of temperature changes. Zero-heat-flux temperature (ZHF) measurement from the lateral forehead may be an alternative, non-invasive method quantifying the core temperature. A prospective, observational, multicentre study was conducted in one hundred patients scheduled for on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Core temperatures were measured every minute by two zero-heat-flux thermometer (SpotOn™) and a bladder thermometer and a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) in the period after induction of anesthesia until CPB. Accuracy and precision of both methods were compared against core temperature measured in the pulmonary artery using the method of Bland and Altman. A high accuracy (around 0.1 °C) and a very good precision (Limits of agreement (LoA) − 0.6; 0.4 °C) were found between zero-heat-flux thermometer and core temperature measured by PAC. Among the two ZHF thermometers the bias was negligible (− 0.003 °C) with narrow LoA of − 0.42 °C and 0.41 °C. In contrast, bias between bladder temperature and PAC temperature was large (0.51 °C) with corresponding LoA of − 0.06 °C and 1.1 °C. ZHF thermometers are in contrast to bladder temperature a reliable core temperature monitor in cardiac surgery during the period after induction of anestesia until CPB. The zero-heat-flux method can provide clinicians reliably with continuous and non-invasive measurements of core temperature in normothermic and mild hypothermic temperature ranges and therefore can be helpful to guide temperature management.

Efektivitas Minum Air Hangat dan Batuk Efektif terhadap Bersihan Jalan Napas Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru

Pulmonary Tuberculosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The main problem that is often experienced by pulmonary tuberculosis patients is the accumulation of sputum which results in ineffective airway clearance. To overcome the ineffectiveness of airway clearance, it can be done by providing therapy with drinking warm water and effective coughing. This study aims to determine the comparison between drinking warm therapy and coughing effectively on airway clearance of pulmonary tuberculosis patients at the Bontomarannu Health Center. This research is a quantitative study using a quasi-experimental design where the researcher uses a two group pretest-posttest design. The determination of the sample is done by simple random sampling technique with a sample size of 42 respondents. This study used the Mann Withney test and the Wilcoxon test. From the results of research that has been carried out, it was found that drinking warm water therapy was effective on airway clearance (p=0.027) and cough therapy was effective on ineffective airway clearance (p=0.003). Based on the results of the study, it was shown that cough therapy was more effective in clearing the airway than drinking warm water therapy. It is suggested that this research can be used as a reference to develop knowledge regarding the handling of clearing the airway using the therapy of drinking warm water and coughing effectively

Effects of Forced-Air Warming Therapy on Anxiety, Pain, and Body Temperature of Patients under Local Anesthesia during Surgery: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of forced air-warming therapy on anxiety, pain, and body temperature maintenance for local anesthesia patients.Methods: The study had a nonequivalent control group, pretest-posttest design. The participants were 70 patients undergoing local anesthesia (35 in the experimental group and 35 in the control group) at a tertiary general hospital. The participants in the experimental group were provided forced air-warming blankets, and the control group was given available blankets. Data were collected from May 1 to July 31, 2020, and analyzed using SPSS/WIN 27.0, the independent t-test, Repeated Measures ANOVA, Repeated Measures ANCOVA, and the Bonferroni correction.Results: Postoperative state anxiety and pain scores significantly differed over time between the experimental and control groups. Postoperative body temperatures were also significantly different between the groups and over time.Conclusion: Applyinga forced air-warming blanket is an effective nursing intervention toreduce anxiety and pain, and increase the body temperature of patients under local anesthesia during surgery. Therefore, forced air-warming blankets should be actively used for those patients.

Modeling iatrogenic intraoperative hyperthermia from external warming in children: A pooled analysis from two prospective observational studies.

Maintenance of normothermia is an important quality metric in pediatric anesthesia. While inadvertent hypothermia is effectively prevented by forced-air warming, this therapeutic approach can lead to iatrogenic hyperthermia in young children. To estimate the influence of external warming by forced air on the development of intraoperative hyperthermia in anesthetized children aged 6 years or younger. We pooled data from two previous clinical studies. Primary outcome was the course of core temperature over time analyzed by a quadratic regression model. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of hyperthermia (body core temperature >38°C), the probability of hyperthermia over the duration of warming in relation to age and surface-area-to-weight ratio, respectively, analyzed by multiple logistic regression models. The influence of baseline temperature on hyperthermia was estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model. Two hundred children (55 female) with a median age of 2.1 [1st -3rd quartile 1-4.2] years were analyzed. Mean temperature increased by 0.43°C after 1 h, 0.64°C after 2 h, and reached a peak of 0.66°C at 147 min. Overall, 33 children were hyperthermic at at least one measurement point. The odds ratios of hyperthermia were 1.14 (95%-CI: 1.07-1.22) or 1.13 (95%-CI: 1.06-1.21) for every 10 min of warming therapy in a model with age or surface-area-to weight ratio (ceteris paribus), respectively. Odds ratio was 1.33 (95%-CI: 1.07-1.71) for a decrease of 1 year in age and 1.63 (95%-CI: 0.93-2.83) for an increase of 0.01 in the surface-to-weight-area ratio (ceteris paribus). An increase of 0.1°C in baseline temperature increased the hazard of becoming hyperthermic by a factor of 1.33 (95%-CI: 1.23-1.43). In children, external warming by forced-air needs to be closely monitored and adjusted in a timely manner to avoid iatrogenic hyperthermia especially during long procedures, in young age, higher surface-area-to-weight ratio, and higher baseline temperature.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF WARM WATER THERAPY VERSUS CONTRAST WATER THERAPY ON JOINTS PAIN AMONG ELDERLY PATIENT WITH ARTHRITIS IN SELECTED OLD AGE HOME AT DELHI NCR

A study was done to assess the effectiveness of warm water therapy versus contrast water therapy on joints pain among elderly patient with arthritis in selected old age home at Delhi NCR. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting nearly 30 million nation wide. A common complaint from patients is pain in the weight-bearing joints such as the hips, knees and spine as well as involvement in the finger joints.hence warm water therapy and contrast water therapy is the best method to treat arthritis. The aims of the study to assess the joint pain among elderly patient with arthritis in selected old age home at Delhi NCR. To evaluate the effectiveness of warm water therapy on joint pain among elderly patient with arthritis in selected old age home at Delhi NCR. To evaluate the effectiveness of contrast water therapy on joint pain among elderly patient with arthritis in selected old age home at Delhi NCR. To compare the effectiveness of warm water therapy versus contrast water therapy on joint pain among elderly patient with arthritis in selected old age home at Delhi NCR. To determine the association between joint pain after receiving warm water therapy with the selected demographic variable. To determine the association between joint pain after receiving contrast water therapy with the selected demographic variable. A quasi experimental- nonequivalent pretest posttest design was adopted and non probability Purposive sampling technique was used to collect the sample from 30 elderly patients with arthritis (15 for warm water therapy and 15 for contrast water therapy) at old age home. Both therapies were administered continuously for 10 days. The data was analyzed and interpreted as per objectives and the research hypothesis stated. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The Results shows that there was significant difference between mean post test scores of elderly patient with arthritis in warm water therapy and contrast water therapy for joint pain score as obtained unpaired t value was higher than the tabulated value for df at 0.05 level of significance. The fishers exact test value showed that there was a significant association between post test score of elderly patient after receiving the warm water therapy and contrast water therapy with demographic variables as p value obtained is less then at 0.05 level of significance.

Effect of Thermoelectric Warming Therapy for the Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

To evaluate the efficacy of thermoelectric warming therapy (MiBoFlo) in improving patient symptoms with standardized questionnaires and objective signs of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), which is an important underlying treatable factor in dry eye disease (DED), such as ocular surface staining, tear quality, and meibomian gland morphology. Multivariate analysis to identify predictors for the improvement in Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) was also performed. Retrospective before-and-after study. A total of 203 eyes of 102 patients with DED were treated with MiBoFlo at the dry eye center. The OSDI and Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaires, best-corrected visual acuity, tear osmolarity, tear film breakup time (TBUT), corneal and conjunctival staining, meibography, number of glands expressing liquid, and quality of the improved meibum were assessed before and 6 months after MiBoFlo. Exclusion criteria included active ocular inflammation. Dry eye symptoms improved in the population, with both SPEED and OSDI lowering of dry eye symptoms by approximately 35% (P < .001) at month 6. Significant improvements in lissamine green conjunctival staining, corneal fluorescein staining, TBUT, osmolarity, and secreting meibomian glands and meibum quality were also seen. Improvement was seen across all domains of the questionnaires and across all baseline parameters. Eyes with blepharitis and autoimmune disease improved less than average. No complications or adverse events occurred. MiBoFlo treatments produced clinical and statistically significant improvements in the signs and symptoms of MGD, irrespective of underlying ocular conditions. This improvement was sustained for the 6-month period of observation after initiating the treatment.

RED GINGER BOILED COMPRESSES ARE MORE EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING THE PAIN SCALE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS THAN CITRONELLA BOILED WATER COMPRESSES

The citronella plant contains analgesic compounds that help relieve aches or pains such as muscle aches and joint pain, pegalinu due to rheumatoid arthritis or anti-rheumatism. In addition, it is also useful as an antioxidant that can prevent cancer, in lemongrass there are anti-microbial and anti-bacterial substances that are useful as infection drugs. Red ginger compress is a combination of warm therapy and relaxation therapy that is useful for people with joint pain that has no side effects. Ginger contains phenolic compounds which have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and are known to be effective in relieving joint disease and muscle tension so that it can improve the declining musculoskeletal system. In addition, ginger also has a pharmacological effect, namely a hot and spicy taste where this heat can relieve pain, stiffness and muscle spasms and the occurrence of vasodilation of blood vessels. Simpur Health Center Bandar Lampung the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis increased in 2019 from 262 to 284 people. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the effect of giving compresses of boiled lemongrass water and red ginger water on decreasing pain scale in rheumatoid arthritis patients.This research method uses quantitative research, pre-experimental design using a two group pre-post-test design approach. The population in this study were all patients with rheumatoid arthritis at Simpur Bandar Lampung Health Center with a sample of 30 people. Data analysis using t test.The results of univariate analysis obtained that the average pain scale before being given a compress of warm lemongrass boiled water was 5.85, after being given a compress of warm lemongrass boiled water was 3.45. The average pain scale before being given a red ginger boiled water compress was 5.75, after being given red ginger boiled water was 2.65. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a difference in the effect of giving lemongrass stem decoction compresses on the rheumatoid arthritis pain scale (p-value = 0.001). There is an effect of red ginger boiled water on the rheumatoid arthritis pain scale (p-value = 0.000). There is a difference between giving warm lemongrass boiled water compresses and red ginger boiled water compresses on the rheumatoid arthritis pain scale (p-value = 0.023).

Perbedaan Pengaruh Pijat Daun Pandan Wangi dan Air Jahe Merah Terhadap Penurunan Skala Nyeri Pada Pasien Remathoid Arthritis

ABSTRCK Pandan leaf plants contain chemical compounds including alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, and dyes. Pandanus is one of the plants that has the potential to produce essential oils as a stimulant and antispasmodic and is effective against headaches, epilepsy, as a remedy for sore throats and rheumatism. Red ginger compress is a combination of warm therapy and relaxation therapy that is useful for people with joint pain that has no side effects. Ginger contains phenolic compounds which have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and are known to be effective in relieving joint disease and muscle tension so that it can improve the declining musculoskeletal system. In addition, ginger also has a pharmacological effect, namely a hot and spicy taste where this heat can relieve pain, stiffness and muscle spasms and the occurrence of vasodilation of blood vessels. Data at the Simpur Health Center Bandar Lampung the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis increased in 2018 from 262 to 284 people. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the effect of giving Wangi Pandan Leaves and Red Ginger Water on Reducing Pain Scale in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. This research method uses quantitative research, pre-experimental design using a two-group pre-post-test design approach. The population in this study were all patients with rheumatoid arthritis at Simpur Bandar Lampung Health Center with a sample of 30 people. Data analysis using t test. The results of univariate analysis obtained that the average pain scale before being given fragrant pandan leaves was 5.95, after being given a compress of warm lemongrass boiled water was 3.65. The average pain scale before being given a red ginger boiled water compress was 5.85, after being given red ginger boiled water was 2.75. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was an effect of giving fragrant pandan leaves on the rheumatoid arthritis pain scale (p-value = 0.001). There is an effect of red ginger boiled water on the rheumatoid arthritis pain scale (p-value = 0.000). There is a difference between giving fragrant pandan leaves and red ginger boiled water compresses on the rheumatoid arthritis pain scale (p-value = 0.02 2 ).

WARM WATER FOOT BATH THERAPY IMPROVING SLEEP QUALITY ON ELDERLY

Background: Most of the elderly population suffer from sleep disorders such as difficulty initiating sleep, decreased total sleep time, sleep efficiency, transient arousal and waking up too early. This condition causes a decrease in the quality of sleep in the elderly. Several efforts can be made to maintain sleep quality in the elderly, one of which is by providing relaxation therapy. Relaxation therapy using warm water with a certain temperature will have a sopartificant effect and can overcome sleep disorders. This study aims to determine the effect of warm water footbath therapy on the sleep quality of the elderly. Methods: Quantitative research with a pre-experimental one group pretest-posttest research design with a sample of 17 elderly people in RW 8 Kemiri Kebakkramat Village. Intervention with the provision of water with a warm temperature with a volume of approximately 5 liters to soak both feet. Sleep quality is measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before and after 12 sections. The data analysis method uses the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test of SPSS. Results: Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test results showed that sig. 0.000 &lt; 0.05. The difference in the sleep quality score occurred after being given the hot water foot bath therapy (mean difference of 2.35). Conclusion: warm water foot bath therapy affects the sleep quality of the elderly. Stimulation from warm water makes the body more relaxed and accelerates the decrease in the activity of the Reticular Activating System (RAS), so that the elderly feel sleepy and fall asleep.

Efektivitas Terapi Rendam Kaki Air Hangat terhadap Perubahan Penurunan Tekanan Darah Ibu Hamil Preeklampsia

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) can be a measuring tool to determine the quality of health services both during pregnancy and postpartum. Pregnant women with preeclampsia can cause complications that lead to increased maternal mortality and perinatal mortality. There are several attempts to control high blood pressure. This method can use pharmacological or non pharmacological. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of warm water foot soak therapy on changes in blood pressure reduction of preeclamptic pregnant women. This type of research is a quantitative study with aresearch quasi-experimentaldesign, with adesign approach pre and post test in the intervention group and the conMtrol group. The sample for each group is 10 people, so that the total number of samples is 20 respondents.Bivariate analysis was performed using the Wilxocon test because the data distribution was not normal and the Mann-Whitney Test to determine the difference before and after the intervention was given.The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was an effect of giving warm water foot soaking therapy to changes in the decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure of preeclamptic pregnant women with a value of p = 0.004 and p = 0.011 and there were differences in changes in the decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the intervention group and the control group. p = 0.001 and p = 0.007.

Expeditionary Immersion Circulating Heating Device: A Promising Technique for Treating Frostbite Injuries and Warming Intravenous Fluids in a Forward Deployed Cold Weather Environment

Cold weather injuries require prompt warm water immersion therapy, which proves to be a difficult task in the cold austere environment. Current guidelines recommend 104°F water immersion, but producing and maintaining large volumes of warm water is challenging in sub-freezing temperatures. We describe a novel process of utilizing a sous vide immersion circulator to maintain warm fluids for immersion therapy and efficient fluid rewarming in a cold forward-deployed setting for the treatment of cold weather injuries in an effort to bridge the gap between current medical guidelines and practices. Large water cans were warmed to 104°F with the immersion circulator. A thermometer was inserted into a 1-inch steak, frozen to 30°F, and placed in a basin with only the warmed water while the internal temperature was monitored until physiologic temperature was achieved. The time to this endpoint was recorded. A 1-L bag of normal saline and a 450-mL bag of whole blood were also separately warmed by the same technique. The temperature of the normal saline was monitored at 0-, 5-, 7-, 8-, 9-, and 10-minute intervals. The process was similarly repeated, measuring the whole blood temperature at 0-, 5-, 7-, and 10-minute intervals. Ambient internal tent temperatures averaged 54°F; outdoor temperatures were consistently sub-freezing. The 5-gallon cans of water at ambient temperature heated to 104°F in 15minutes. The water temperature remained constant for 3weeks with the circulator running. The frozen steak started at 30°F and reached 98°F in 52minutes and 45seconds. The bag of normal saline and whole blood, refrigerated to 39°F, achieved temperatures of 102°F and 94°F respectively after 10minutes. A heating immersion circulator device is a lightweight, flameless, and inexpensive way to consistently heat large volumes of water for treatment of cold weather injuries, hypothermia, and whole blood rewarming in a cold austere environment.

The efficacy of active warming in preventing unplanned hypothermia during perioperative period in pediatric surgery patients in a tertiary care center

Aim: To investigate the effects of using the active warming method on children with hypothermia in the perioperative period and examining the effects of hypothermia on awakening time, pain, shivering and hospital stay. Methods: This study included patients 18 years of age and younger who underwent surgery in the pediatric surgery department of a tertiary hospital. The active warming group consisted of 28 patients and the control group consisted of 29 patients. The first group of patients was actively warmed during the surgery and the second group was treated as the control group and did not actively receive any warming therapy. Preoperative body temperatures of the cases were measured. In addition, body temperatures were recorded every 15 minutes in the intraoperative and postoperative periods. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in preoperative body temperature between the control group and the active warming group. When body temperature were examined in the intraoperative period, there was no significant difference between the groups at the first 15 minutes of operation; however, the mean of the body temperature in active warming group was significantly higher than the control group at the 30th, 45th , and 60th minutes of operation. It was determined that patients in the control group had a longer stay in the hospital and the amount of time for waking at the end of the anesthesia was shorter in the active heating group than in the control group. Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that active heating with a carbon fiber resistant system is an effective method to prevent unplanned hypothermia in operated children.

The Influence of Warm Compress and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy in Decreasing Joint Pain to Elderly at Posyandu Lansia RW 04 Kelurahan Bangsal Kota Kediri

Pain management does not always have to use drugs, but there are some nursing measures that can be given to relieve pain such as relaxation therapy, for example TROP and warm compress. The study population was all elderly who experienced joint pain. The samples were 36 respondents, which were divided into two intervention groups. Sampling method used purposive sampling technique. Data collected by using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed ranks test with α = 0.05. The conclusion of this study is TROP and warm compresses can be used to reduce joint pain scale in the elderly, although statistically shows that TROP intervention is more effective in reducing pain.

Effectiveness of ginger and cinnamon compresses on pain in elderly with osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) was one of the most common chronic diseases and a major cause of pain and disability that decreased health status. This disease caused pain and disability in patients which disturbed daily activities. Warm compress is one of the non-pharmacological therapies used to reduce pain. Warm compress therapy is applied at the sub-acute and chronic stage of osteoarthritis to reduce pain, compression and pain in the joints. Warm compresses can be combined by adding ginger and cinnamon. The aim of the reaesarh to understand the effectiveness of ginger and cinnamon compresses on lowering pain in the elderly with osteoarthritis in the orphanage of Sudagaran. This research was quasi-experimental design with two pretest-posttest design groups was used in this study. The samples were collected by using a random sampling technique with a total of 15 respondents getting ginger compress and 15 respondents getting cinnamon compress which was in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were analyzed by using univariate and bivariate with Mann Whitney U Test. The results of the Mann Withney U Test on the second post-therapy obtained the difference in the value of ginger compresses with p = 0.417 and the difference in comfort value of cinnamon compresses with p = 0.127. After calculating the size effect, the ginger size effect was 0.924 while the cinnamon size effect was 0.790. The use of ginger compresses is more effective than cinnamon compresses in lowering pain in the elderly with osteoarthritis in the Community Health Center of Sudagaran.

냉·온 침수 요법이 대학축구선수들의 경기 후 생리적 요인에 미치는 영향

본 연구의 목적은 축구 경기 후 냉수침수와 온수침수 처치를 통해 생리적 요인에 미치는 효과를 규명하는데 있다. 이를 위해 M대학축구선수 20명을 대상으로 냉수침수군(7명), 온수침수군(7명), 일반 휴식군(6명) 세 그룹으로 구분하 여 대상자를 선정하였다. 본 연구의 실험은 냉수침수군, 온수침수군, 일반 휴식군을 균등하게 두 팀으로 나누어 연습경기 를 진행하였고, 연습경기는 전반 45분, 하프타임 15분, 후반 45분을 진행하였다. 생리적 요인의 변화를 측정하기 위해 시합 시작 2시간 전, 시합 종료 직후, 냉수, 온수, 일반 휴식 처치 후 등 총 3회에 걸쳐 채혈을 진행하였다. 혈액 표본을 이용해 생리적 요인(젖산, 암모니아, CK, LDH, IgG, 백혈구)을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 젖산, 암모니아, CK는 온수침수 처치 유형이 가장 회복 효과가 높게 나타났고, LDH, IgG, 백혈구는 냉수침수 처치 유형이 가장 회복 효과 가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 축구 경기 후 피로 회복이 목적일 경우에는 온수 침수 처치가 적합하고, 근 손상, 면역력 하락에 의한 회복이 목적일 경우에는 냉수 침수가 적합한 것으로 판단된다.

The effects of cryotherapy on perineal pain after childbirth: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundMost women experience perineal pain after childbirth. Sustained perineal pain affects mother's daily living. Various methods have been used to relieve postpartum perineal pain, such as cold or warm therapy, but the pain-control effects of cryotherapy are still controversial. AimsThe purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of cryotherapy in relieving perineal pain in women after childbirth. MethodsThe researchers searched the CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, PubMed, Korea Education and Research Information Service, NDSL, KoreaMed, LILACS and SciELO databases for studies to include in this review, and selected studies using PICO criteria. Methodological quality was assessed based on Cochrane's risk of bias 2 for randomized controlled trials. Data were analyzed with the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis program. FindingsEleven published studies encompassing 1,492 participants were included. Cryotherapy significantly reduced pain two days postpartum. Ice packs and gel packs had similar pain-relieving effects. Cryotherapy did not differ significantly from Epifoam therapy (hydrocortisone-pramoxine) in its effects on perineal pain one day or five days after childbirth. ConclusionsCryotherapy can be an effective non-pharmacological nursing intervention to reduce pain after childbirth.

Text mining and analysis of treatise on febrile diseases based on natural language processing

Objective: With using natural language processing (NLP) technology to analyze and process the text of “Treatise on Febrile Diseases (TFDs)” for the sake of finding important information, this paper attempts to apply NLP in the field of text mining of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) literature. Materials and Methods: Based on the Python language, the experiment invoked the NLP toolkit such as Jieba, nltk, gensim, and sklearn library, and combined with Excel and Word software. The text of “TFDs” was sequentially cleaned, segmented, and moved the stopped words, and then implementing word frequency statistics and analysis, keyword extraction, named entity recognition (NER) and other operations, finally calculating text similarity. Results: Jieba can accurately identify the herbal name in “TFDs.” Word frequency statistics based on the word segmentation found that “warm therapy” is an important treatment of “TFDs.” Guizhi decoction is the main prescription, and five core decoctions are identified. Keyword extraction based on the term “frequency-inverse document frequency” algorithm is ideal. The accuracy of NER in “TFDs” is about 86%; latent semantic indexing model calculating the similarity, “Understanding of Synopsis of Golden Chamber (SGC)” is much more similar with “SGC” than with “TFDs.” The results meet expectation. Conclusions: It lays a research foundation for applying NLP to the field of text mining of unstructured TCM literature. With the combination of deep learning technology, NLP as an important branch of artificial intelligence will have broader application prospective in the field of text mining in TCM literature and construction of TCM knowledge graph as well as TCM knowledge services.

Clinical research of Kinesio taping combined with warm needling for knee osteoarthritis

Objective To investigate the efficacy of Kinesio taping combined with warm needling on knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and its effect on serum levels of immune globulin(Ig)A, IgG, IgM. Methods Sixty-two KOA patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into 2 groups by random number table (31 cases in each group). The control group was treated with routine thrapy. Based on the control group, the observation group was treated with Kinesio taping combined with warm needling. After 6 weeks treatment, scores of visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate knee pain, Japanese orthopaedic association (JOA) scale was used to evaluate knee function, and Lequesne index was used to evaluate disease severity. The score of TCM clinical symptoms was conducted according to the KOA symptom grading quantification table, and the quality of life was evaluated according to the Chinese version of the MOS item short from health survey (SF-36). The Immunoglobulin(Ig)A, IgG and IgM levels were detected by ELISA method. Results The total effective rate in the observation group was 93.5%, and the control group was 71.0% (28/31). The difference was statistically significant between two groups (χ2=5.415, P=0.020).The total effective rate of clinical symptoms in traditional Chinese medicine in the observation groups as 90.3% (28/31) was higher than the control group as 64.5% (20/31), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=5.905, P=0.015). After treatment, the serum level of IgA (2.91 ± 0.35 ng/ml vs. 4.50 ± 0.50 ng/ml, t=7.621), IgG (11.17 ± 1.31 pmol/L vs. 15.83 ± 1.94 pmol/L, t=13.523), IgM (3.14 ± 0.44 pmol/L vs. 5.44 ± 0.62 pmol/L, t=8.441) were significantly lower than control group (P<0.01). After 6 weeks’ treatment, tthe scores of VAS, Lequesne index, and clinical symptom of traditional Chinese medicin of the observation group were significant lower than those of the control group (t=7.765 and 9.903 respectively, all Ps<0.01), but the scores of JOA and the SF-36 were significantly higher than those of the control group (t=18.441, P<0.01). After 6 weeks’ treatment, the scores of pain in bed at night, morning stiffness, walking pain, pain from sitting up, maximum walking distance, daily activities, walking up stairs, walking down stairs, bending knee joint score in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (t=8.933, 9.112, 9.225, 8.809, 9.240, 8.910, 7.903, 8.033, 7.031, respectively, all Ps<0.01), but the scores of physical pain, physiological function, physiological function, vitality, social function, emotional function, mental health in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (t=12.450, 13.446, 13.779, 9.003, 13.331, 12.440, 15.309, all Ps<0.01). Conclusions The kinesio taping combined with warm needling can improve symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine and reduce pain of KOAand increase quality of life with the regulation of IgA, IgG, IgM. Key words: Osteoarthritis, knee; Needle warming therapy; Kinesio taping; Intramuscular absorption; Pain arthralgia; Therapies, investigational

Improvement of cardiac function in CHF patients treated with acupuncture and moxibustion and western conventional medicine

Objective To investigate the effect of warm acupuncture combined with Western medicine on cardiac function in patients with CHF. Methods A total of 120 patients with CHF who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups, 60 in each group. The control group was treated with conventional medicine, and the Chinese and western medicine group was combined with warm acupuncture on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. The 6 min walking distance were compared. The LVEF%, LVEDd, and LVESd were measured by color Doppler ultrasound. The Plasma NT-proBNP was detected by ELISA. Results The total effective rate was 95.0% (57/60) in the Chinese and western medicine group and 90.0% (54/60) in the Western medicine group. The difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.218, P=0.027). After treatment, the LVEF% level of the Chinese and western medicine group (49.5% ± 4.7% vs. 47.0% ± 4.5 %, t=2.976), 6 min walking distance (348.9 ± 38.1 m vs. 319.7 ± 35.0 m, t= 5.107) were significantly higher than those of the Western medicine group (P<0.01); and the LVEDd (47.3 ± 4.0 mm vs. 50.0 ± 4.6 mm, t=-3.431), LVESd (38.5 ± 3.5 mm vs. 40.8 ± 3.9 mm, t=-3.400), NT-proBNP (750.2 ± 158.5 ng/L vs. 900.4 ± 183.7 ng/L, t=4.960) were significantly lower than those of the western medicine group (P<0.01). Conclusions Warm acupuncture combined with Western medicine can improve the heart function of CHF patients. Key words: Heart failure; Needle warming therapy; Acupuncture points; Amino terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor; Integrated Chinese traditional and western medicine therapy

Design Of Led Base Bell’s Palsy Therapy Device Using Microcontroller ATmega 8535

Bell’s Palsy is a disease that attacks the facial nerves to cause muscle paralysis on one side of the face, indicated by conditions one side of the face becomes stiff and difficult to move. Therapeutic devices are also very much needed to cure facial stiffness besides of giving medicines. One of the most widely used therapies is warm therapy, however, this therapy takes a long time and quite expensive too. This research proposed a simple and affordable bell’s palsy therapy device use LED temperature heating media and a time controller based on the microcontroller ATMega 8535. The test is carried out at a time and temperature series, the result shows the circuit accuracy reaches 100% on a 15-minutes test. Testing on temperature stability also showed achieving a stable temperature at 420C in the 15 minutes. Device function tests are only carried out at a time and temperature series, the patient safety test has not been carried out. So that it still needs to be improved in future studies, especially in safety mode.