Warm Group Research Articles

Effect of a Specific Warm-up based on Oppositional Wrestling Games on The Technical Performance and Mental Health of Physical Education Students

Background and study aim. This study explored the impact of two different specific warm-up protocols (consisting of either opposition games or classical exercises) on technical-tactical performance, intrinsic motivation and stress levels in wrestling schoolchildren. Materials and methods. Sixty-three schoolchildren divided into two parallel groups (specific warm-up opposition game group: EG, n = 18, aged 12.42 ± 0.87 years; and classical specific warm-up group: CG, n = 18, aged 12.41 ± 0.78 years) who completed three 75-minute sessions over four weeks practicing different specific warm-up exercises. Data was analyzed with IBM SPSS to find the normality, mean and standard deviation. A two-factor mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) model with repeated measures was performed to measure differences in mental health and technical-tactical performance for both group. Results. Several results emerged from this study; (i) EG who followed a specific warm-up program based on opposition games performed better in the wrestling test and were able to improve the number of successful leg attack skills, with a significant interaction compared to CG, (ii) EG obtained a better leg attack score due to their quality of execution and (iii) Compared with children in the CG group children in the EG group feel happy and motivated and their stress levels decrease. Conclusion. Wrestling teaching and training specialists should be convinced of the beneficial effects of exercises based on opposition games on students' technical and mental skills.

The effect of regular periocular skin warming before bedtime on sleep and anxiety: a randomised clinical trial.

A randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted to examine the effect of periocular skin warming before bedtime on sleep and anxiety in female workers with mild sleep difficulty. A total of 64 participants were included in the study, which consisted of a 1-week baseline period and a 4-week intervention period. They were randomly assigned to either the Warm group (N = 32) or the Sham group (N = 32) and were instructed to wear eye masks (warming or sham) before their habitual bedtime during the intervention period. The study found that the Athens Insomnia Scale score after the intervention was significantly lower in the Warm group compared to the Sham group. Additionally, participants in the warm condition showed a decrease in subjective sleep onset latency, better restorative sleep, and improved subjective anxiety before bedtime. A significant reduction in wake after sleep onset was observed in the Warm group at 4 weeks, and this decrease was significantly associated with the degree of improvement in subjective anxiety before bedtime. Furthermore, regular periocular skin warming before bedtime decreased sleep reactivity and improved well-being. In conclusion, the study suggests that periocular skin warming may be an effective approach for female workers with sleep problems, as it can easily be incorporated into daily life.

Effect of Warming on Personality of Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) and Medaka Fish (Oryzias latipes).

Global warming may accelerate the process of biological invasions, and invasive species that can quickly adapt to new environments will have a negative impact on native species. Animal personalities have significant implications for ecology and evolution. However, few studies have simultaneously examined the combined effects of climate warming and biological invasions on native species. In this study, we hypothesized that temperature was positively correlated with personality, and invasive species had stronger personalities than native species. Accordingly, we established control (20 °C) and warming groups (20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C) to rear mosquitofish and medaka fish, individuals acclimatized to rearing temperatures for 7 days, then measured their personalities (sociability, exploration, novelty, and boldness). The results showed that individuals exhibited repeatable variation along the four behavioral axes across all temperature conditions, providing evidence for the presence of personalities. Significant positive correlations were found between each pair of behaviors, indicating the presence of behavioral syndrome. Sociability and exploration were most affected by temperature, showing increasing trends in sociability, exploration, and novelty in both invasive and native species with rising temperatures. Compared to medaka fish, mosquitofish exhibited higher exploration and lower sociability at elevated temperatures, while showing little change in boldness. Our results provide evidence that increased temperatures may promote biological invasions and pose a potential threat to the survival of native species. These findings are significant for understanding the complex impacts of climate change on ecosystems and for formulating effective biodiversity preservation strategies.

O-295 Fast vitrification and warming protocols demonstrate similar efficiencies to a standard method and a substantial reduction in execution times

Abstract Study question Can vitrification and warming procedures be executed efficiently with reduced exposure times to cryopreservation solutions? Summary answer Fast vitrification and warming protocols demonstrated efficiency rates similar to a standard protocol in all pre-clinical models tested and a significant reduction in execution times. What is known already Vitrification is an advanced technique with well established protocols. However, these require a considerable time and workload in the daily routine of IVF laboratories. Recent studies on permeability models in human oocytes have shown that shorter times of exposure to cryopreservation solutions could be feasible. This study explored new vitrification and warming protocols based on reduced exposure times and compare their efficiency with a standard method. In a first series of experiments, mouse oocytes and blastocysts were used, followed by discarded human oocytes, with the ultimate goal of confirming the efficiency of the protocols before starting their clinical validation. Study design, size, duration Hybrid B6CBAF1 mouse oocytes were used to compare survival, meiotic spindle morphology, and in-vitro development post-ICSI. Blastocysts derived from these experiments were transferred to synchronized CD1 recipients to assess further development and birth. Once validated in the mouse model, protocols were tested with discarded human donor oocytes that were in-vitro matured and randomly assigned to experimental groups. Their survival was evaluated at 2h and 24h post-warming. Participants/materials, setting, methods Standard volumes, solutions and devices (Cryotop) were used as indicated by the manufacturer for standard protocols (Kitazato). Experimental groups included a control with standard vitrification/warming (Kitazato), standard vitrification with fast warming (1min in TS), and fast vitrification (1min in ES and 1min in VS) with fast warming (1min in TS). The study received IRB (2310-VLC-181-AC) approval and informed consents for the use of discarded human oocytes. Results were analyzed by Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. Main results and the role of chance In mouse oocytes, the tested protocols showed no impact on meiotic spindle morphology. Survival rates after vitrification and warming were statistically similar between the control group with standard vitrification and warming (n = 154, 91.6%), the standard vitrification with fast warming (n = 153, 94.1%), and the fast vitrification with fast warming (n = 159, 96.9%) groups. Similarly, once inseminated by ICSI, blastocyst formation rates of vitrified oocytes were comparable between these groups, reaching 92%, 91.2%, and 88.6%, respectively. When the protocols were tested in blastocysts (n = 672), survival rates were 100% in all groups and, once transferred, the rates of development to term were statistically similar between the control group (n = 92, 47.8%), standard vitrification with fast warming (n = 95, 48.2%), and fast vitrification with fast warming (n = 93, 38.7%) groups. In human oocytes, survival at 2h and 24h with standard vitrification and fast warming (n = 101, 97% and 94.1%, respectively) was statistically similar to that obtained with the fast vitrification and fast warming (n = 103, 100% and 97.1%, respectively) protocol. A pilot study with sibling donor oocytes is being conducted to explore the clinical efficiency of the new protocols. Limitations, reasons for caution While this pre-clinical study underscores the potential of the fast vitrification and warming protocols, their efficacy awaits confirmation in clinical cases with sibling oocytes. Caution is warranted until such validation is achieved to ensure their reliability and effectiveness in clinical cases. Wider implications of the findings The pre-clinical study showcases the potential of short vitrification and warming protocols, maintaining efficiency comparable to standard methods. This promising efficiency translates to substantial time savings in the laboratory, with a reduction of 86.7% and 90%, respectively, in execution times. Trial registration number Not applicable

P-152 The impact of one-step fast warming protocol on vitrified-warmed blastocysts on reproductive outcome

Abstract Study question Does the implementation of one-step fast warming protocol affect the post warming quality of embryos and/or the reproductive outcome in frozen embryo replacement cycles? Summary answer The implementation of a one-step fast warming protocol provides similar survival, pregnancy, and clinical pregnancy rates with standard warming protocols. What is known already Cryopreservation process presents a significant challenge for embryos, as the formation of ice crystals can be lethal to their cells. Therefore, effective cryopreservation protocols are essential to mitigate this risk. Vitrification method protects the cells during cryopreservation by transforming water from a liquid state to a glass-like phase, thereby preventing the ice crystals formation. Moreover, the warming procedure can itself contribute to ice crystal formation, particularly through recrystallization. Studies have shown that embryo survival is related to warming rate and a one-step fasting warming protocol can be equally or more effective than the conventional protocol. Study design, size, duration This prospective randomized study was performed at Embryolab Fertility Clinic, in Thessaloniki, Greece between July and December 2023 and included 118 frozen embryo transfers. Both study and control group included only expanded blastocysts of good quality (AA or AB according to Gardner’s criteria). Control group was matched to the study group according to treatment, time period, woman age, quality of embryos and number of transferred embryos. The embryos were vitrified using open system. Participants/materials, setting, methods Fast warming group included embryos that were warmed using the one-step warming protocol: the embryos were exposed to 1M sucrose solution for 1’ at 37 °C and then immediately placed into culture media where laser-assisted hatching was performed. Control group included embryos that were warmed using conventional protocol: 1’ in 1M, 2’ in 0.5M, 2’ in 0.25M and 3’ in washing solution at room temperature and then placed into culture media for laser-assisted hatching. Main results and the role of chance The analyzed cases were 118 in total, 59 in the fast-warming group and 59 in the control group. Survival rate was 100% in both groups. Pregnancy rate (positive b-HCG) was not significantly different between the two groups: 72.41% in the fast-warming group and 67.79% in the control group (p = 0.687). Clinical pregnancy rate was also not significant between the two groups: 78.26% in the fast-warming group and 81.81% in the control group (p = 0.753). Limitations, reasons for caution The study included a limited number of cases, and information on the live birth rate was still pending. To establish the efficacy of fast warming conclusively, it is recommended that additional prospective randomized studies be conducted to validate its potential benefits. Wider implications of the findings One-step fast warming protocol resulted in similar survival rates post warm compared to the conventional warming protocol, while pregnancy and clinical pregnancy rates were not significantly different. Furthermore, it is worth noting that by minimizing the duration of the warming protocol, the workflow efficiency in the IVF laboratory is enhanced. Trial registration number N/A

Temperature effect on coagulation function in mild hypothermic patients undergoing thoracic surgeries: thromboelastography (TEG) versus standard tests

PurposeOur previous research has revealed that mild hypothermia leads to excessive bleeding in thoracic surgeries, while the underlying mechanism stayed unrevealed by the standard coagulation tests. The research question in this study was as follows: “How does mild hypothermia impair the hemostatic function in patients receiving thoracic surgeries?”. The purpose was to detect the disturbed coagulation processes by comparing the TEG parameters in patients receiving active vs. passive warming during thoracic surgeries.MethodsStandard coagulation tests and thromboelastography (TEG) were adopted to compare the hemostatic functions in patients receiving active vs. passive warming during thoracic surgeries. Furthermore, blood samples from passive warming group were retested for TEG at actual core body temperatures.ResultsSixty-four eligible patients were included in this study. TEG revealed that mild hypothermia significantly disturbed coagulation by decreasing MA (59.4 ± 4.5 mm vs. 64.2 ± 5.7 mm, p = 0.04) and α angle (70.4 ± 5.2° vs. 74.9 ± 4.4°, p = 0.05) and prolonging ACT (122.2 ± 19.3 s vs. 117.3 ± 15.2 s, p = 0.01) and K time (1.9 ± 1.0 s vs. 1.3 ± 0.4 min, p = 0.02). TEGs conducted under core body temperatures revealed more impaired coagulation than those incubated at 37 °C. Furthermore, postoperative shivering and waking time were significantly increased in mild hypothermic patients.ConclusionMild hypothermia significantly impaired coagulation function in patients receiving thoracic surgeries, which could be detected by TEGs other than the standard coagulation tests. Temperature-adjusted TEGs may provide a preferable method of hemostatic monitoring and transfusion guidance in thoracic surgeries, which warrants further clinical investigations.

The function of brown adipose tissue at different sites of the body in Brandt's voles during cold acclimation

Ambient temperatures have great impacts on thermoregulation of small mammals. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), an obligative thermogenic tissue for small mammals, is localized not only in the interscapular depot (iBAT), but also in supraclavicular, infra/subscapular, cervical, paravertebral, and periaortic depots. The iBAT is known for its cold-induced thermogenesis, however, less has been paid attention to the function of BAT at other sites. Here, we investigated the function of BAT at different sites of the body during cold acclimation in a small rodent species. As expected, Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) consumed more food and reduced the body mass gain when they were exposed to cold. The voles increased resting metabolic rate and maintained a relatively lower body temperature in the cold (36.5 ± 0.27 °C) compared to those in the warm condition (37.1 ± 0.36 °C). During cold acclimation, the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) increased in aBAT (axillary), cBAT (anterior cervical), iBAT (interscapular), nBAT (supraclavicular), and sBAT (suprascapular). The levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a marker for cell proliferation, were higher in cBAT and iBAT in the cold than in the warm group. The pAMPK/AMPK and pCREB/CREB were increased in cBAT and iBAT during cold acclimation, respectively. These data indicate that these different sites of BAT play the cold-induced thermogenic function for small mammals.

The Effect of Brief Warming during Induction of General Anesthesia and Warmed Intravenous Fluid on Intraoperative Hypothermia in Patients Undergoing Urologic Surgery.

Background and Objectives: Transurethral urologic surgeries frequently lead to hypothermia due to bladder irrigation. Prewarming in the preoperative holding area can reduce the risk of hypothermia but disrupts surgical workflow, preventing it from being of practical use. This study explored whether early intraoperative warming during induction of anesthesia, known as peri-induction warming, using a forced-air warming device combined with warmed intravenous fluid could prevent intraoperative hypothermia. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients scheduled for transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) or prostate (TURP) were enrolled and were randomly allocated to either the peri-induction warming or control group. The peri-induction warming group underwent whole-body warming during anesthesia induction using a forced-air warming device and was administered warmed intravenous fluid during surgery. In contrast, the control group was covered with a cotton blanket during anesthesia induction and received room-temperature intravenous fluid during surgery. Core temperature was measured upon entrance to the operating room (T0), immediately after induction of anesthesia (T1), and in 10 min intervals until the end of the operation (Tend). The incidence of intraoperative hypothermia, change in core temperature (T0-Tend), core temperature drop rate (T0-Tend/[duration of anesthesia]), postoperative shivering, and postoperative thermal comfort were assessed. Results: The incidence of intraoperative hypothermia did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, the peri-induction warming group exhibited significantly less change in core temperature (0.61 ± 0.3 °C vs. 0.93 ± 0.4 °C, p = 0.002) and a slower core temperature drop rate (0.009 ± 0.005 °C/min vs. 0.013 ± 0.004 °C/min, p = 0.013) than the control group. The peri-induction warming group also reported higher thermal comfort scores (p = 0.041) and less need for postoperative warming (p = 0.034) compared to the control group. Conclusions: Brief peri-induction warming combined with warmed intravenous fluid was insufficient to prevent intraoperative hypothermia in patients undergoing urologic surgery. However, it improved patient thermal comfort and mitigated the absolute amount and rate of temperature drop.

Lower-body warming and postoperative temperature in cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial

Study objective: Intraoperative warming techniques after spinal anesthesia in cesarean delivery have conflicting results. Lower body warming has not been investigated, and may be beneficial to counteract heat loss from vasodilation. We investigated a combination of intraoperative lower body forced-air warming and warmed intravenous (IV) fluids versus only warmed IV fluids alone for the primary outcome of maternal temperature in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) after elective cesarean delivery.Design: A single-center, single-blinded, randomized, superiority trial.Setting: Obstetric operating room and post-anesthesia care unit in a university hospital.Patients: Sixty-six healthy women undergoing elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia.Interventions: After written informed consent, recruited women received intravenous (IV) co-loading of 1000 mL lactated Ringer’s solution warmed to 42°C during performance of spinal anesthesia. They were then randomized to receive intra-operative lower-body forced-air warming (warming group) or no forced-air warming (control group).Measurements: The primary outcome was maternal oral temperature upon arrival at PACU. Secondary outcome measures included the incidence of hypothermia (<36.0°C), shivering and thermal comfort scores, and the incidence of meperidine administration. In addition, umbilical cord blood gases, Apgar scores, and newborns' rectal temperature were measured after delivery. ResultsIn total, 66 women were recruited. After exclusion of 3 participants (1 missing crucial data, 2 converted to general anesthesia), 63 women remained available for analysis. The mean (Standard deviation) core temperature on arrival to PACU was 36.6°C (0.4°C) in the warming group and 36.5°C (0.3°C) in the control group (P = 0.67). There were no significant differences in shivering intensity between the groups at any time; thermal comfort scores were significantly higher for the air-warming group 30 minutes after arrival to PACU (P = 0.03), but not at any other time. There were no differences in meperidine administration or neonatal outcomes. ConclusionIn healthy women having cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia, addition of lower body forced air warming conveyed no additional benefit beyond standard management with warmed IV fluids.

Effect of Aggressive Warming versus Routine Thermal Management on the Incidence of Perioperative Hypothermia in Patients Undergoing Thyroid Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled Trial.

Despite the implementation of various insulation measures, the incidence of hypothermia during thyroid surgery remains high. This randomized controlled study aimed to evaluate the effects of aggressive thermal management combined with resistive heating mattresses to prevent perioperative hypothermia in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. 142 consecutive patients scheduled for elective thyroid surgery were enrolled in the study. They were randomly and equally allocated to the aggressive warming or routine care groups (n = 71). The patients' body temperature was monitored before the induction of anesthesia until they returned to the ward. The primary outcome was the incidence of perioperative hypothermia. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications, such as mortality, cardiovascular complications, wound infection, shivering, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, fever, headache and hospital length of stay (LOS). In our study, the results showed that a significantly higher rate of hypothermia was observed in the routine care group compared with the aggressive warming group. The incidence of perioperative hypothermia was 19.72% (14/71) in the aggressive warming group and 35.21% (25/71) in the routine care group (P < 0.05). The incidence of shivering in the aggressive warming group (1.41%) was significantly lower than that in the routine care group (11.27%) (P < 0.05), and a one-day reduction in hospital length of stay was observed in the aggressive warming group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in mortality or other postoperative complications, such as cardiovascular complications, wound infection, PONV, pain, fever or headache, between the two groups (P > 0.05). Our results suggest that aggressive thermal management combined with resistive heating mattresses provided improved perioperative body temperature and reduced the incidence of perioperative hypothermia and shivering compared to routine thermal management.

Effect of Sports Specific Warm-Up Protocol on Injury Prevention among Badminton Players

Background: Badminton is a sport in which players use a combination of speed, endurance, strength, andcoordination over lengthy, high-intensity actions that are broken up by rest breaks. In sports, a warm-up is a preexercisesession intended to improve performance in competition or training. Training that has been introducedinto training programmes involves properly warming up the body before physical exercise. General warm updoesn’t help on injury prevention in all games, so there is a need for sports specific warm up programs to promotemore flexibility and readiness before the specific strength training and power training.Purpose: To assess the impact of a sports-specific warm-up procedure on badminton players’ ability to avoidinjuries.Materials and Method: From the SDAT in Chennai, a total of 100 young badminton players were chosen. Witha mean age of 22.35 ± 3.23, there were 59 male and 41 female players among them. Injury Rate, EpidemiologicalIncidence Proportion and Incidence Rate were used as outcome measures. The players were split into two groups,one of which received a sports-specific warm-up procedure and the other of which received a generic warm-upregimen.Results: By the descriptive statistics of the collected data, the Sports Specific Warm-up group showed betterimprovement in preventing injuries compared to the conventional group.Conclusion: It has been concluded that Sports Specific Warm-up plays a vital role in preventing on-field injuriesamong badminton players.

Effects of preoperative surgeon warm-up in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy

BackgroundIn various surgical specialties, preoperative surgical warm-up has been demonstrated to affect a surgeon’s performance and the perioperative outcomes for patients. However, the influence of warm-up activities on video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy (VATSL) remains largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate the potential effects of preoperative surgical warm-up on VATSL.MethodsA cohort of 364 patients diagnosed with lung cancer through pathology and undergoing VATSL at the Thoracic Surgery Department of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2018 to September 2022 were included. Patients were categorized into two groups: the warm-up group, comprising 172 patients undergoing their first VATSL of the day, and the warm-up effect group, consisting of 192 patients undergoing their second VATSL on the same day. Propensity score matching was employed to compare operation times and postoperative complications between the two groups, resulting in 159 matched cases in each group.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in operation time (154.5 ± 54.9 vs. 147.2 ± 54.4 min, p = 0.239) and postoperative complications (including pulmonary infection, atelectasis, long-term pulmonary air leakage requiring incision suture in the operating room, and postoperative pleural effusion) (14:22 cases, p = 0.157) between the warm-up and warm-up effect groups.ConclusionThe findings suggest that preoperative surgical warm-up does not significantly affect the perioperative outcomes of VATSL.

The influence of static and dynamic warm-up on knee temperature: infrared thermography insights before and after a change of direction exercise.

Infrared thermography is gaining attention in the field of sports medicine and performance. This study investigated the effects of static and dynamic warm-ups and a 90° change of direction (COD) exercise on the thermal response of the knee. Thermograms were collected using the FlIR E54 Imaging Camera from 85 healthy young adults, 46 men and 39 women, aged 20-31 years. The participants were divided in two groups, static and dynamic warm-up. Four thermograms were taken: baseline (T0), warm-up (T1), COD (T2), and rest (T3). Four regions of interest (ROIs) of the knee were analyzed: anterior upper half (AUH), anterior lower half (ALH), posterior upper half (PUH), and posterior lower half (PLH). Mixed ANOVA with the Bonferroni-Holm test and independent t-test were used for pairwise comparison and to spot differences between the right and left knees at T1 and T2 and at T0 between men and women, respectively. The mixed ANOVA was significant for time points (p< 0.001) in all the ROIs and for the stretching/temperature interaction with different levels of significance. The t-test results for the right and left knees at T1 and T2 were not significant. The temperature in the static warm-up group followed a decrease at T1, a subsequent decrease at T2, and a recovery similar to the baseline at T3, in the ALH in men and women and in the PUH only in men. Static stretching was more suitable for preparing the knee for the COD exercise than the dynamic one in terms of the thermal response.

Short-Term Effect of Ambient Temperature in Acute Ischemic Stroke with Endovascular Treatment Due to Large Vessel Occlusion.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) stands as the primary cause of mortality and extended disability globally. While prior studies have examined the connection between stroke and local weather, they have produced conflicting results. Our goal was to examine the correlation between temperature and functional prognosis in patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) undergoing endovascular therapy (EVT). This study included a total of 1809 patients. Temperatures from stroke onset to groin puncture were categorized into Cold (10th percentile of temperature), Cool (10th-50th percentile of temperature), Warm (50th-90th percentile of temperature), and Hot (90th percentile of temperature) groups. The primary efficacy result was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days. Safety outcomes included mortality, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and complications after cerebral infarction. The primary efficacy results demonstrated a statistical enhancement in functional outcomes at 90 days for patients in the Warm group compared to the Cold group (adjusted common odds ratio [OR]: 1.386; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.024-1.878, P=0.035). Secondary efficacy results showed that temperature was associated with a higher rate of 90-day functional independence (adjusted OR: 1.016; 95% CI: 1.004-1.029; P=0.009), which was higher in the Warm group compared with patients in the Cold group (adjusted OR: 1.646; 95% CI: 1.107-2.448, P=0.014). There were no significant differences between groups in terms of sICH, 90-day mortality, and post-infarction complications. Compared with Cold temperature, Warm temperature is associated with better functional outcomes and reduced mortality risk without increasing the risk of sICH.

Molecular underpinnings underlying behaviors changes in the brain of juvenile common carp (Cyrinus carpio) in response to warming

IntroductionGlobal warming is increasing interest in how aquatic animals can adjust their physiological performance and cope with temperature changes. Therefore, understanding the behavioral changes and molecular underpinnings in fish under warming is crucial for both the individual and groups survival. This could provide experimental evidence and resource for evaluating the impact of global warming. ObjectiveThree genetic families of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were generated. These juveniles were constructed short-term (4 days) and long-term (30 days) warming groups to investigate the effects of warming on behavioral responses and to elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms of warming-driven behavior. MethodsBehavioral tests were used to explore the effects of short- and long-term exposure to warming on the swimming behavior of C. carpio. Brain transcriptome combined with measurement of nervous system activity was used to further investigated the comprehensive neuromolecular mechanisms under warming. ResultsLong-term warming groups had a more significant impact on the decline of swimming behavior in juvenile C. carpio. Furthermore, brain comparative transcriptomic analysis combined with measurement of nervous system activity revealed that genes involved in cytoskeletal organization, mitochondrial regulation, and energy metabolism are major regulators of behavior in the juvenile under warming. Importantly, especially in the long-term warming groups, enrichment analysis of associated gene expression suggested functional alterations of synaptic transmission and signal transduction leading to swimming function impairment in the central nervous system, as revealed by behavioral tests. ConclusionsOur study provides evidence of the neurogenomic mechanism underlying the decreased swimming activity in juvenile C. carpio under warming. These findings have important implications for understanding the impacts of climate change on aquatic ecosystems and the organisms that inhabit them.

The role of fear of evaluation in group perception

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with interpersonal impairment. One possible reason for this dysfunction is that people with SAD evaluate others differently on dimensions of warmth and dominance compared to individuals without the disorder. In the current study, we examined whether two core constructs of SAD, fear of negative evaluation and fear of positive evaluation, affect the judgments that people make about groups based on warmth and dominance. We also investigated whether racial similarity (i.e., whether someone is the same race as those they’re interacting with) and ethnic identity (i.e., one’s sense of belonging to a particular social group) played a role in the types of evaluations people made. We created vignettes about groups varying in warmth and dominance, as well as photos varying in racial makeup. We presented photo-vignette pairs to participants and asked them to rate their desire to interact with the groups depicted in the photo-vignette. Participants in general reported greater desire to interact with warmer and less dominant groups. People with higher fear of negative evaluation reported higher desire for interaction with warmer groups, and those with higher fear of positive evaluation reported higher desire to interact with less dominant groups. We did not find any support for our hypothesis that people with stronger ethnic identity would show greater desire to interact with groups that were more similar to their race. Implications for treatment and directions for further research are discussed.

Four minutes of capacitive and resistive electric transfer therapy increased jump performance

ABSTRACTCapacitive and resistive electric transfer (CRET) therapy can improve flexibility and increase muscle activity and may be useful as a warm-up technique. This study examined the effects of short-time CRET on jump performance. Thirty healthy men (age range, 20–40 years) were randomly divided into passive (n = 15) and active (n = 15) warm-up groups. The participants and statisticians were blinded to the participant allocation. The passive warm-up group underwent 4 min of CRET therapy on their posterior lower legs. The active warm-up group performed stretching and jogging for 4 min. Calf muscle temperature and rebound jump (RJ) index were measured before and after the intervention. The mean (± standard deviation) muscle temperature increased by 2.0 ± 0.5°C and 1.4 ± 0.6°C in the passive and active warm-up groups, respectively (p < 0.05). RJ index increased significantly in both groups (p < 0.05). Therefore, passive warm-up using CRET may help avoid energy loss while increasing the muscle temperature in a short time when compared with traditional active warm-up techniques.

Effect of local warming for arterial catheterization in adult cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

The increase in internal diameter (ID) and cross-sectional area (CSA) may facilitate better arterial catheterization. Since an increase in body temperature can cause peripheral vasodilation, we aimed to determine if local warming of the radial artery (RA) catheterization site could improve the success rate of catheterization. This randomized, controlled study enrolled 160 patients aged >18 years who were scheduled for heart surgery. They were randomized into non-warming palpation (NP), non-warming ultrasonography-guided (NU), warming palpation (WP), and warming ultrasonography-guided (WU) groups. After induction, the baseline RA ultrasonography images were collected. In the warming groups (WP, WU), local warming was applied on the catheterization site. Before catheterization, the RA ultrasonography images were collected. The primary outcome was the first-attempt success rate. The secondary outcomes included the ID and CSA of the RA and overall complications. Totally 152 adults were included in the analysis. The first-attempt success rates in each of the four groups were not significantly different (P=0.985). The rates in the non-warming (NP + NU) and warming (WP + WU) groups were also not different (P=0.827). Unlike non-warming group, the warming group had increased ID (3.34±0.78 vs. 3.02±0.73 mm; P<0.001) and CSA (6.9±2.8 vs. 5.8±2.4 mm2; P<0.001) compared with baseline. Local warming for peripheral artery catheterization does not increase the first-attempt success rate in adults undergoing cardiac surgery; however, it can increase the ID and CSA of the RA and prevent vasospasm. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04969692.

Kadın Voleybolcularda Farklı Isınma Protokollerinin Sprint Performansına Akut Etkisinin İncelenmesi

The number of studies on warm-up protocols has increased in recent years. However, there are very few studies that are specific to the population of female athletes and consist of a large number of participants. This study was designed to investigate the effects of 3 different warm-up protocols on sprinting performance in young female volleyball players. A total of 62 licensed female volleyball players aged 13-17 years participated voluntarily. There were 3 sessions in the study. The participants were randomly divided into a warm-up group (GWG), a dynamic stretch group (DSG) and a static stretch group (SSG). After completing the warm-up protocols, the groups underwent a 5-minute transition period. The 20-metre sprint performance test was then performed. Data analysis was performed with the Python programming language and IBM SPSS 26 software. Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and kurtosis and skewness checks were performed. The data were indicated to be normally distributed (p&gt; 0,05). Repeated Measures Anova test was used to detect the differences and the significance level was chosen as α=0,05. When the results were examined, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference between the GWG and SSG 20 meter sprint time values (p&gt;0,05), whereas when the DSG and GWG and SSG 20 metre sprint time values were compared, it was found that the DSG group's sprint time improved statistically significantly (p

Predictive performance from abundance distribution models of Vinciguerria lucetia larvae in the southern portion of the California current system using XGBOOST

Vinciguerria lucetia is a mesopelagic fish whose larvae show an almost permanent presence in the southern portion of the California Current System. Due to its sensitivity to environmental changes, the species has been considered an indicator of water masses and interannual variability. Fish larvae abundance registered from 1997 to 2015 by the program Investigaciones Mexicanas de la Corriente de California was used to predict the abundance distribution of V. lucetia larvae under two extreme thermal conditions (2000 La Niña and 2015 El Niño), utilizing the novel machine learning algorithm eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBOOST). The data were segmented into COLD and WARM groups based on the mean sea surface temperature recorded at each station and contrasted with an undivided TOTAL group. Models were generated using 12 environmental and biological predictor features. Root-mean-squared logarithm error (RMSLE) was used as a prediction performance metric for both internal and external validation. The COLD model showed the best performance for the internal validation with a lower RMSLE value, while the TOTAL model for both the coldest and warmest external validation presented the lowest RMSLE values. The external validation demonstrated models that accurately predicted the spatial distribution; however, none of the models were able to accurately predict the same abundance magnitude observed in both extreme thermal conditions. Nevertheless, XGBOOST shows promise for describing the future distribution traits of V. lucetia.