Warm Process Research Articles

Spatio-temporal linkage variations between NDVI and tree rings on the leeward side of the northern Patagonian Andes

The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and tree rings provide different approaches that allow evaluating the productivity of ecosystems. Following this premise, we evaluated the relationship between NDVI and tree-ring widths of Austrocedrus chilensis forests at sectors of the Argentinian northwestern foothills of the Patagonian Andes. To proceed with this study, wood core samples were taken from 153 trees at 6 sites located at different latitudes and along a strong west-east precipitation gradient. The NDVI presented a significant and positive spatial correlation with precipitation, the Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI-3), soil moisture, and a negative correlation with air temperature at large geographical coverages. Stand location in the latitudinal and meridian coordinates showed a species-specific effect, with greater sensitivity to NDVI in sites located at higher latitudes and under drier conditions. We found stronger associations between stem biomass (tree rings) and canopy biomass (NDVI) in drier sites, assuming a closer link to stressful water conditions. This behavior was accentuated since 1988, which coincides with the increase in air temperature as a result of regional warming processes. These results suggest that site environmental conditions influence how NDVI and ring width are linked, showing the complex dynamics between climate and growth. The results indicate that ring widths of A. chilensis trees have the potential to assess current NDVI variations in the study area, allowing reconstructions of past productivity and potential predictive models of future changes.

Thermo-mechanical characteristics of oxide-coated aluminum nano-powder

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the thermo-mechanical characteristics of oxide-coated aluminum nano-powder, which is a crucial property for their application in powder metallurgy, particularly in warm compaction process. A representative volume element (RVE) of oxide-coated aluminum nano-powder is analyzed under the hydrostatic compression test at different temperatures using the Reactive Molecular Dynamics (RMD) method that can predict the thermal conductivity of nano-powders by incorporating the interaction effects of density and temperature. The thermal conductivity is evaluated based on the Müller-Plathe's reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (rNEMD) method, and the size dependence of the method is investigated. The computational model is validated with the experimental data. The results illustrate that the thermal conductivity of oxide-coated aluminum nano-powder is significantly lower than that of the bulk aluminum due to restricted surface contact between individual aluminum particles. Moreover, it is observed that increasing the density and temperature leads to an increase in the thermal conductivity of oxide-coated aluminum nano-powder.

Effect of Single and Double Moment Microphysics Schemes and Change in Cloud Condensation Nuclei, Latent Heating Rate Structure Associated with Severe Convective System over Korean Peninsula

To investigate the impact of advanced microphysics schemes using single and double moment (WSM6/WDM6) schemes, numerical simulations are conducted using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for a severe mesoscale convective system (MCS) formed over the Korean Peninsula. Spatial rainfall distribution and pattern correlation linked with the convective system are improved in the WDM6 simulation. During the developing stage of the system, the distribution of total hydrometeors is larger in WDM6 compared to WSM6. Along with the mixing ratio of hydrometeors (cloud, rain, graupel, snow, and ice), the number concentration of cloud and rainwater are also predictable in WDM6. To understand the differences in the vertical representation of cloud hydrometeors between the schemes, rain number concentration (Nr) from WSM6 is also computed using particle density to compare with the Nr readily available in WDM6. Varied vertical distribution and large differences in rain number concentration and rain particle mass is evident between the schemes. Inclusion of the number concentration of rain and cloud, CCN, along with the mixing ratio of different hydrometers has improved the storm morphology in WDM6. Furthermore, the latent heating (LH) profiles of six major phase transformation processes (condensation, evaporation, freezing, melting, deposition, and sublimation) are also computed from microphysical production terms to deeply study the storm vertical structure. The main differences in condensation and evaporation terms are evident between the simulations due to the varied treatment of warm rain processes and the inclusion of CCN activation in WDM6. To investigate cloud–aerosol interactions, numerical simulation is conducted by increasing the CCN (aerosol) concentration in WDM6, which simulated comparatively improved pattern correlation for rainfall simulation along with intense hydrometer distribution. It can be inferred that the change in aerosol increased the LH of evaporation and freezing and affected the warming and cooling processes, cloud vertical distribution, and subsequent rainfall. Relatively, the WDM6 simulated latent heating profile distribution is more consistent with the ERA5 computed moisture source and sink terms due to the improved formulation of warm rain processes.

Evolution Behaviors of Inclusions in Warm‐Rolled L605 Thin‐Walled Tubes and Their Effects on Machinability

This paper investigates the evolution behaviors of inclusions in the warm rolling process of L605 thin‐walled tubes and analyzes their influencing mechanism. Homogeneous spherical and irregular SiO2–Al2O3–Cr2O3(MnO + CaO) inclusions are observed in the cast tubes. After warm rolling, the homogeneous inclusions are changed into heterogeneous spherical ones with gray‐colored (Al2O3)‐rich phase and dark‐colored (SiO2)‐rich phase and Cr2O3(MnO + CaO)‐rich phase due to different deformability of various inclusions under the combined effects of diameter reduction and wall pressure. As the rolling times of tubes increases, large‐sized inclusions are crushed continuously, and the average size of the inclusions gradually decreases. At the same time, the number density of inclusions presents a first increasing and then decreasing trend. It is estimated that the critical size of the inclusions that are hard to further crack in warm rolling is about 0.5 μm. Meanwhile, the inclusions would lead to stress concentration at the positions near large‐sized irregular inclusions, causing cracks and penetrating defects. The simulation results show that the stress near the outer diameter of the inclusions is twice that in the middle and the changes of stress in the 30 μm inclusions and nearby areas exhibit a significant increase compared to the small‐sized 2 μm inclusions.

The effect of vitrification on blastocyst mitochondrial DNA dynamics and gene expression profiles.

Does vitrification/warming affect the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and the gene expression profile of blastocysts? Prospective cohort study in which 89 blastocysts were obtained from 50 patients between July 2017 and August 2018. mtDNA was measured in a total of 71 aneuploid blastocysts by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Transcriptomic analysis was performed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in an additional 8 aneuploid blastocysts cultured for 0h after warming, and 10 aneuploid blastocysts cultured for 4-5h after warming. A significant decrease in mtDNA content just during the first hour after the warming process in blastocysts was found (P < 0.05). However, mtDNA content experimented a significantly increased along the later culture hours achieving the original mtDNA levels before vitrification after 4-5h of culture (P < 0.05). Gene expression analysis and functional enrichment analysis revealed that such recovery was accompanied by upregulation of pathways associated with embryo developmental capacity and uterine embryo development. Interestingly, the significant increase in mtDNA content observed in blastocysts just after warming also coincided with the differential expression of several cellular stress response-related pathways, such as apoptosis, DNA damage, humoral immune responses, and cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating in humans, a modulation in blastocysts mtDNA content in response to vitrification and warming. These results will be useful in understanding which pathways and mechanisms may be activated in human blastocysts following vitrification and warming before a transfer.

Investigation of Al 5754 Alloy in Warm Processing Conditions in Terms of Deep Drawability and Sheet Thickness Variation by Finite Element Method

Alüminyum alaşımlarının şekillendirilebilirliği için ılık işlem koşulları büyük önem arz etmektedir. Yeniden kristalleşme altı sıcaklıklarda mikro yapıda değişim olmadan şekillendirilebilirlik arttırılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Al 5754-O alaşımının ılık sıcaklıklarda şekillendirilmesine etki eden sıcaklık, işlem parametresi olarak kullanılarak derin çekme işlemi sonlu elemanlar yöntemi kullanılarak sayısal olarak incelenmiştir. AA5754-O alaşımının derin çekilebilirliği; 25°C’de tutulan zımba ile, 225 °C, 250 °C, 275°C ve 300°C’de kadar ısıtılmış kalıp koşullarında, 0,78 MPa, 1,18 MPa, 1,57 MPa ve 2,35 MPa baskı plakası basınçlarında ve 2,4 mm/s ve 7,8 mm/s zımba hızlarında analizler yapılarak sıcaklığın, baskı plakası basıncının ve zımba hızının ılık derin çekilebilirliğe etkisi sac kalınlığı değişimi parametresi yoluyla araştırılmıştır. Analizlerde sıcaklık dağılımı, şekillendirme hızı ve baskı plakası basıncı parametrelerinin sac incelmesi üzerine etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler değerlendirilirken kusursuz derin kap çekilebilirliğini sağlayan parametreler incelenmiş ve şekillendirme hızı ve baskı plakası basıncı parametrelerinin şekillendirilebilirliğe etkileri analiz edilmiştir. 300 °C sıcaklık, 0,78 MPa baskı plakası basıncı ve 7,8 mm/s zımba hızı koşulu için en büyük kap yüksekliği 74,31 mm olarak elde edilmiştir.

Microplastics in the cryosphere - a potential time bomb?

Microplastics (MPs) have been detected in many parts of the world in snow, hail, sea ice, glaciers, and permafrost. The ubiquity of microplastic around the globe means that there is a need to focus on its circulation dynamics in the Earth's diverse ecosystems; the prominence of MP fibers, which has been indicated as of human clothing and activities, in high altitude frozen water is explained by their enhanced suspension in the air, allowing them to be transported over long distances from urban centers. The MP particles can act as nucleation centers for ice crystals and, once incorporated, reduce the albedo (reflective capacity) of the frozen mass, causing temperature increases. However, cores have indicated that ice in glaciers may remain frozen for thousands of years. This article reviews the quantities and types of MPs that have been detected in snow, hail, sea ice, and glaciers. The potential for release of these, as well as MPs in the permafrost, following global warming, is discussed. As the global warming process evolves, these sites will act as additional sources of MPs accumulated over the course of recent human history. It is important to be aware of the future entry of microplastic into the global environment from these sources, especially into the already fragile extreme ecosystems of the cryosphere.

The Dynamics and Microphysical Characteristics of the Convection Producing the Record-Breaking Hourly Precipitation on 20 July 2021 in Zhengzhou, China

An hourly rainfall of 201.9 mm fell in Zhengzhou on 20 July 2021, breaking the hourly rainfall record of mainland China and causing severe urban flooding and human casualties. This observation-based study investigates the associated convective-scale and mesoscale dynamics and microphysical processes using disdrometer and polarimetric radar observations aided by retrievals from the Variational Doppler Radar Analysis System. The synoptic flow forcing brought abundant moisture from the oceans and converged at Zhengzhou; then, the extreme rainfall was produced by a slow-moving convective storm that persisted throughout the hour over Zhengzhou. Unusually high concentrations of raindrops of all sizes (showing combined properties of maritime and continental convection) are revealed by the disdrometer data, whereas the polarimetric radar data suggest that both ice-based and warm rain processes were important contributors to the total rainfall. High precipitation efficiency was achieved with an erect updraft at the low levels, whereas enhanced easterly inflows kept the storm moving slowly. The interaction between convective-scale and mesoscale dynamics and microphysical processes within the favorable synoptic conditions led to this extremely heavy rainfall.

Outstanding high-temperature strength-ductility combination in inconel 718 alloy by warm rolling and simplified aging treatment

In the present study, a comparative study was conducted with the cold-rolled Inconel 718 alloy and warm-rolled Inconel 718 alloy. The influences of deformation process and aging treatment on microstructure evolution and tensile properties of Inconel 718 alloy were investigated. The results showed that some fresh recrystallized grains can be observed in the warm-rolled and subsequent aged samples, resulting in refined microstructures of the warm-rolled and aged samples. Besides, the warm rolling process can accelerate the precipitation of γ" strengthening phase. The peak hardness (∼560 H V) of the warm-rolled sample was obtained after aging at 720 °C for 2 h, which far exceeded that of cold-rolled Inconel 718 alloy even aged for 8 h (∼520 H V). According to the TEM analysis, the fraction and size of γ" particles of the warm-rolled sample after 2 h aging were about 10.3% and 5.9 nm, which was higher than the cold-rolled sample with the same aging treatment (7.6% and 2.9 nm). Moreover, most of the γ" particles in the warm-rolled sample after simplified aging was nearly spherical, rather than the disk-shaped in the traditional two-stage aging Inconel 718 alloy. Compared with cold-rolled and aged materials, the warm-rolled alloy after aging exhibited superior mechanical properties. When deformed at 650 °C, the tensile strength and elongation of warm-rolled samples after aging treatment were 1247.6 MPa and 18.7%, while the corresponding values of cold-rolled samples after aging were 1162.5 MPa and 13.6%. The excellent strength-ductility combination of Inconel 718 alloy was linked with refined grains, numerous modified precipitates, and partial recrystallized structure with great dislocation density and many dislocation cells. As a result, warm rolling may provide an effective way to simplify the traditional 18 h two-stage aging to just 2 h single-stage aging treatment, and meanwhile, to improve the mechanical properties of Inconel 718 alloy.

Thermal Analysis Kinetics Study of Pulverized Coal Combustion under Oxygen-Rich Atmosphere.

The thermal analysis kinetic behavior of pulverized coal combustion in different oxygen-rich atmospheres is studied with a thermogravimetric (TG) analyzer. The effects of heating rate on combustion characteristic are considered. The results showed that the combustion rate of pulverized coal increased and the burnout time decreased under the conditions of an oxygen-enriched atmosphere and high heating rate. As the heating rate increases, the TG and derivative TG curves of the coal samples generally move toward the high-temperature region, and the thermal hysteresis phenomenon occurs. The changes in oxygen concentration and heating rate mainly affect the combustion stage of coal samples. The decrease in heating rate or the increase in oxygen concentration will cause a decrease in ignition point temperature and burnout temperature. Under the condition of 40% O2, the oxygen concentration and heating rate have the greatest influence on the combustion characteristic parameters. In addition, the combustion reaction of pulverized coal in the warming process was analyzed by FWO and KAS methods, respectively. The results showed that the changes in oxygen concentration and heating rate affected the activation energy, and the activation energy of coal samples increased with the increase in oxygen concentration.

Investigation of the thermodynamics of trapped magnetic flux in type-I and type-II superconductors using polarized neutron imaging

Polarized neutron imaging was used to observe field cooling (FC) and zero field warming (ZFW) processes in type-I and type-II superconductors. ZFW is an irreversible magnetic process that cannot be described by formulas and therefore it was studied experimentally with polarized neutron imaging to visualize and quantify the trapped magnetic flux as a function of temperature.

Air Temperature Change at the End of the Late Holocene and in the Anthropocene in the Middle Volga Region, European Russia

The temporal variability of air temperature in the Middle Volga region from 1828 to 2021 is considered according to instrumental observations at the oldest meteorological station in the east of the East European Plain (Kazan University) and throughout the Asian part of Russia against the background of long-term climate fluctuations in the Northern Hemisphere of Earth. A general trend toward an increase in air temperature was revealed. It was found that climate change in Kazan was consistent with the climatic processes that occurred in the Middle Volga region as a whole. The greatest warming for the entire observation period was observed in the winter and spring seasons of the year. In December, warming occurred at a maximum rate of 0.28 °C/10 years. At the same time, the most intense warming process was observed from 1991 to 2021. The analysis of low-frequency fluctuations in the series of monthly average air temperatures made it possible to identify different periods of change, both in type (direction) and intensity. It is shown that in the Middle Volga region, positive anomalies of air temperature have occurred more often than negative ones in recent decades. Statistical data processing was also carried out for 30-year periods, starting from the first period, i.e., 1841–1870. This made it possible to reveal long-term changes in air temperature. Comparisons of climatic parameters in two periods, i.e., 1828–1945 and 1946–2021, allowed us to reliably detect the climatic beginning of the increasingly identifiable Anthropocene epoch (since 1946), characterized by a sharp increase in air temperature, increased interannual variability of the air temperature regime, and a significant increase (by about three times) in the rate of warming in the Middle Volga region. A correlation was made between atmospheric circulation indices and air temperature fluctuations in Kazan over different periods. The closest relationship was found for the 1990–2020 period. It is shown that the contribution of global factors to air temperature variability in the Middle Volga region during the Anthropocene reached 37% in winter and 32% in summer; in annual terms, this contribution amounted to 54%.

Study on microstructure evolution, mechanical properties and deformation mechanism of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by hydraulic tension on-line warm rolling

In this research, Ti-6Al-4 V alloy thin strip with ultra-high tensile strength and good ductility combination was successfully prepared by a new high-efficiency short-flow on-line warm rolling processing method. To explore the intricate relationships between microstructure evolution, mechanical characteristics, and the deformation mechanism during on-line warm rolling of the Ti-6Al-4 V alloy, various analytical methods were employed, including OM, SEM, XRD, EPMA, EBSD, and TEM. When the rolling reduction escalated from a Warm Rolling (WR) rate of 70–90%, there was a concurrent increase in both the alloy's strength and ductility. In numerical terms, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and total elongation rose from 1241 MPa, 1117 MPa, and 5.3% respectively at WR-70%, to 1366 MPa, 1214 MPa, and 8.2% at WR-90%. At WR-90%, the high strength of the resulting Ti-6Al-4 V alloy thin strip is ensured through a distinct combination of material adaptations. These include grain refinement, high-density dislocation accumulation, and the presence of both partial fine recrystallization and ultrafine grains. The initiation of the pronounced basal slip system {0001}< 11–20 > coupled with the pyramidal system {11−22}< 11–2–3 > plays a pivotal role in retaining ductility even under conditions of elevated strength. The amalgamation of grain refinement, dense dislocation accumulation, and the juxtaposition of partial fine recrystallization with ultrafine grains, in tandem with the prevailing basal slip system {0001}< 11–20 > and the active pyramidal system {11−22}< 11–2–3 > , ensures the preservation of commendable ductility while simultaneously achieving high strength. This successful creation of the high-performance Ti-6Al-4 V alloy thin strip provides crucial parameters and theoretical guidance for the industrial application of the hydraulic tension on-line warm rolling method for titanium alloys and other similarly difficult-to-deform metals.

Re-Design Manajemen Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Berbasis Emotional Quotient

The world of education in this era is trapped in a pragmatic mindset in almost all sectors. Educators and education staff, students, financing, learning processes, fulfillment of infrastructure, assessment, and management services seem to work following a mechanical pattern and deny humanistic elements of humans which are full of politeness, patience, cooperation, mutual understanding, and so on. This research uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with a choice of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses or PRISMA. The results of this study show that emotional intelligence as a basis for implementing early childhood education management can positively affect educators and education staff. The values of emotional intelligence which include the ability to motivate oneself, resistance to frustration, self-control, and the ability to balance emotions and ratios will lead the entire educational community to enjoy a harmonious, humane, and warm educational process.

Sediment accumulation rates and carbonate fluxes of deep-sea sediments in the southern Gulf of Mexico

Here we present the mass and carbonate annual fluxes, collected by two sediment traps at 1000 m depth, located on the western and southern deep-water region of the Gulf of Mexico (GM), and compare them with the total mass and carbonate accumulation rates (CAR) from 46 sediment cores retrieved from continental slopes and the abyssal plain of the southern Gulf of Mexico (sGM). CaCO3 fluxes in the sediment traps located close to 1000 m water depth, range between 15.1 and 22.4 g m−2 yr−1, these values fall on the high-end range of the mean fluxes reported for the global ocean (9–22 g m−2 yr−1). The carbonate fluxes from the water column are remarkably close to the CAR in the lower slope and abyssal sediments of the southern GM, implying that dissolution processes of biogenic carbonate in the sediments below 1000 m are negligible in the sGM. The spatial patterns of CARs in the sediments are mainly linked with surface productivity of calcareous organisms and export to depth over the continental slope and abyssal plain regions, with mean values of 15.7 ± 5.7 g m−2 yr−1 (0.15 ± 0.06 mol m−2 yr−1). However, there are some large areas over the abyssal plain to the north of the Campeche escarpment showing enhanced CAR values most likely as a result from two processes, lateral input from the Yucatan carbonate shelf region and massive collapse events originating at the Campeche escarpment and deposited to the north of the Yucatan Platform. These processes can account for an additional increase in carbonate mass accumulation by approximately 8 g m−2 yr−1 in this area, showing a decreasing gradient towards the N of the escarpment. Lateral transport by turbidity currents of carbonate platform sediments along submarine canyons and probably episodic gravity flows further aid to explain the localized higher carbonate mass accumulation (> 20 g m−2 yr−1) observed at the foot of the continental slopes to the west and south of the southern GM. We estimate total carbonate accumulation estimates for the entire Gulf of Mexico, from the upper slope to the abyssal plain (1000–3750 m), considering the northern deep-water region reported by Giering et al., 2018, of 0.09 to 0.12 Tmol/yr accounts for 0.8 to 1.8% of all carbonate sedimentation in the ocean below 1000 m. Taking into considerations its small areal extent of <0.3% of the global ocean the GM carbonate accumulation accounts for a factor of 3 to 6 its areal importance, implying that changes in the production and export of carbonate in the GM due to surface ocean warming and acidification processes in this inland sea will have a sensible effect in the global carbon cycle.

A spatial regression analysis of Colombia’s narcodeforestation with factor decomposition of multiple predictors

In the current accelerated process of global warming, forest conservation is becoming more difficult to address in developing countries, where woodlands are often fueling the illegal economy. In Colombia, the issue of narcodeforestation is of great concern, because of the ramification of narcoactivities that are affecting forests, such as agribusinesses and cattle ranching for money laundering. In this study, we use spatially explicit regressions incorporating a factor decomposition of predictors through principal component analysis to understand the impact of coca plantations on global and local-scale deforestation in Colombia. At national level we find a positive and statistically significant relationship between coca crops and deforestation. At the regional level, in two out of four regions, it appears that coca is causing deforestation, especially in the Department of Northern Santander and on the Pacific coast. The spatial models used reveal not only a direct effect but also positive and significant spillover effects, in line with the conjecture that narcodeforestation is not only due to the quest for new areas to expand coca-cultivation, which would determine a loss of forest only in the municipality where coca cultivation increases, but also to the need to launder illegal profits, or create clandestine routes and airplane strips, which can affect forests also in nearby municipalities.

Crushing Performance of AA5754 and AA6082 Shells Fabricated by Warm Redrawing Process

Crushing Performance of AA5754 and AA6082 Shells Fabricated by Warm Redrawing Process

Nanowarming improves survival of vitrified ovarian tissue and follicular development in a sheep model

Tissue cryopreservation has allowed long term banking of biomaterials in medicine. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation in particular helps patients by extending their fertility window. However, protection against tissue injury during the thawing process has proven to be challenging. This is mainly due to the heterogenous and slow distribution of the thermal energy across the vitrified tissue during a conventional warming process. Nanowarming is a technique that utilizes hyperthermia of magnetic nanoparticles to accelerate this process. Herein, hyperthermia of synthesized PEGylated silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles was used to deter the injury of cryopreserved ovarian tissue in a sheep model. When compared to the conventional technique, our findings suggest that follicular development and gene expression in tissues warmed by the proposed technique have been improved. In addition, Nanowarming prevented cellular apoptosis and oxidative stress. We therefore conclude that Nanowarming is a potential complementary candidate to increase efficiency in the ovarian cryopreservation field.

Analysis on the multiple forcing factors of polar amplification

Among the most striking characteristics of the currently imbalanced global warming process is the amplification of heat in the polar regions. Historical records and computer-generated weather patterns both attest to its recurrence. Although the causes of this phenomenon are complex, they can be boiled down to the following three primary factors, including the albedo feedback, the Planck feedback, and the tropical lapse rate feedback. A different study from the past has highlighted the significance of all three reasons separately but without agreement. Literature review and interaction analysis are used to zero in on the key aspects of the corresponding climate model simulation, such as the increased CO2 forcing brought about by quadrupling the level of CO2 from the pre-industry level results by earlier scientists, and the predominate feedback forcing, the lapse-rate feedback. Using the CPL models in the same conditions allowed researchers to determine that the lapse-rate feedback is the primary factor in Arctic amplification, while the Planck feedback's curvature and the surface-albedo problem played secondary roles. In addition, the paper found that decreasing zonal radiative forcing in the polar regions may be more successful than previously anticipated in reducing Arctic amplification because local forcing is larger than external forcing.

A deep learning framework using multi-feature fusion recurrent neural networks for energy consumption forecasting

Accurate energy load forecasting can not only provide favorable conditions for ensuring energy security but also reduce carbon emissions and thereby slow down the process of global warming. With the continuous construction of smart grids, energy consumption information can be easily obtained, which provides a good foundation for forecasting work. In the household energy consumption forecasting field, the current mainstream methods combine signal processing with artificial intelligence methods to improve forecasting accuracy. However, due to differences in residents' daily habits and sensor errors, the energy consumption data of individual households exhibit high volatility and contain noise. Existing methods' accuracy, robustness, generalization ability, and efficiency are challenged when considering multi-time scales and multi-samples. Based on this, this paper proposes a deep learning framework using multi-feature fusion recurrent neural networks for univariate energy consumption data. The proposed framework employs improved Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) and multivariate input recurrent neural network (RNN). To verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework, a series of comparative experiments were conducted on the Moroccan buildings' electricity consumption dataset (MORED). Experiments reveal that the proposed framework achieves adaptive decomposition of raw time series data and multi-feature fusion input. Moreover, under the evaluation of multiple metrics, the proposed framework outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of forecasting accuracy, robustness, generalization ability, and efficiency.