Warm Colors Research Articles

Investigating the impact of biophilic design on employee performance and well-being by designing a research instrument

PurposeWith the goal to indicate the importance of human–nature connection in designing workplaces, the authors investigated the effects of direct and indirect biophilic indicators on the well-being and performance of employees of an organization. The main question is what is the effect of biophilic components on the well-being and performance of employees.Design/methodology/approachTo answer the research questions, the authors designed and validated an instrument to evaluate correlation between biophilic components with well-being and performance. The participants include 160 employees of one organization. For the data analysis, both descriptive statistical and inferential statistics were used. Pearson's correlation test and ANOVA were conducted to explain the relationship between variables.FindingsThe results indicated that biophilic components have significant positive relationships with the well-being of the employees, but no significant relationship was found between biophilic components and the performance of the employees. Using the ANOVA test, biophilic indicators that have a positive and significant effect on the well-being and performance of employees were determined. The natural scenery and warm colors has significant positive effects on social well-being, and the usage of natural landscape posters in the working rooms has a positive and significant relationship with psychological well-being. The natural lighting has a positive and significant relationship with the employees' counterproductive work behavior.Research limitations/implicationsMost of the questionnaires of this research were filled electronically because of the health protocols during pandemic. Almost 70% of the organization's employees had less than 5 years of work experience, which can be considered one of the interfering factors. In addition, the authors only used the questionnaire as a tool for collecting information in this study. There are other forms of information that can be explored through observations, interviews or experiments. Another limitation of this study is the lack of significant diversity in the investigated environments. Finally, the numbers of male and female participants of this study were not equal. The authors suggest studying both genders with an almost equal ratio so that the differences and needs of both groups can be understood.Practical implicationsThe designed questionnaire is a validated instrument that can be used by other researchers to evaluate the biophilic design of workplace. These findings can also be useful for managers, companies and organizations in making decisions to improve the working environment and increase the well-being and performance of their employees.Social implicationsThe social effects of biophilic design in the workplace are significant as well. The use of biophilic components can foster a sense of connection between employees and their workplace, creating a positive social environment that supports collaboration and communication. Additionally, a biophilic workplace can promote a positive company culture that values the health and well-being of its employees, which can contribute to employee retention and satisfaction.Originality/valueIn this study, to determine the effects of the biophilic indicators on dimensions of employees' well-being and performance, an instrument is designed and validated.

Passengers’ preferences for architectural design characteristics in the design of airport terminals

ABSTRACT With the need to increase total revenues, airports have begun to use commercial retail. A well-designed airport may provide great service to clients and consumers and increase their satisfaction and in turn their spending behaviours. Since there is suggestive evidence that there might be cultural associations of white, purple or black with different emotional loadings to these colours across cultures, the present study investigated passengers’ preferences for architectural design characteristics of an airport in a new cultural setting. Discrete choice modelling was used to measure the passengers’ preferences for 10 interior design characteristics of the passenger terminal using 3D renderings. Data on 435 passengers were collected at Mehrabad International Airport, which also included passengers’ emotions. Passengers in the terminal hall preferred a curved and transparent ceiling, material in warm colours, cool lighting, with low width and low height, greenery and without any decorations. When compared to other studies, it may well be that passenger preferences for lighting and certain colour schemes reflect geographical or cultural differences. For other interior design characteristics, preferences relating to the shape of the ceiling and the amount of daylight, as well as the presence of greenery, may well be reflections of passengers’ restorative needs.

How salutogenic workplace characteristics influence psychological and cognitive responses in a virtual environment

Until today, most research focussed on the effects of pathogenic workplace demands on employee illness instead of on salutogenic resources on health. Using a stated-choice experiment in a virtual open-plan office, this study identifies key design aspects that enhance psychological and cognitive responses, ultimately improving health outcomes. The study systematically varied six workplace attributes: screens between workstations, occupancy rate, presence of plants, views outside, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), and colour palette. Each attribute predicted perceptions of at least one psychological or cognitive state. Plants had the highest relative importance for all expected responses but views outside with ample daylight, red/warm wall colours, and a low occupancy rate without screens between desks were also important. Low-cost interventions like adding plants, removing screens, and using warm wall colours can contribute to a healthier open-plan office environment. These insights can guide workplace managers to design environments that support employees’ mental states and health. Practitioner summary: Salutogenic workplace resources that promote health have been understudied. This study aimed to show which workplace characteristics caused positive psychological and cognitive responses to improve health, using a stated-choice experiment in a virtual office environment. Plants in the office were the most important attribute for employees’ psychological and cognitive responses.

Mr. S by Monica Arnaldo

Reviewed by: Mr. S by Monica Arnaldo Kara Forde Arnaldo, Monica Mr. S; written and illus. by Monica Arnaldo. Tegen/Harper Collins, 2023 [40p] Trade ed. ISBN 9780063003958 $19.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R 4-8yrs On the first day of school, the kindergarteners in room 2B know that something is amiss when they see only a stack of papers, a steaming cup of coffee, and an “impressive looking” sandwich at the desk where a teacher would normally be. As the kids collectively realize they are unattended, half proclaim the lack of teacher means no rules, and the other half vehemently disagrees. A sudden sound of a ruler falling to the floor (for no apparent reason) alerts them to the large “Mr. S” written on the board, indicating that the sandwich—Mr. S—will be their instructor. Reassured about the presence of presumed teacher Mr. Sandwich, the kids confidently proceed through the day’s lessons (with a few quirky variations—cue “Mary Had a Little Ham” for the musical activity), but doubts about the viability of a sandwich teacher creep into class conversations until finally a grown-up bursts through the door. Dramatic tension builds as two concurrent storylines unfold in the illustrations: a parking lot scene is visible through the classroom windows, and an unidentified adult endures the comically tragic destruction of their car in a storm. A saturated, warm color palette, dynamic shifts in perspective, and highly exaggerated facial expressions combine to make Arnaldo’s art central to this story’s appeal. Faithful to the cheeky narrative tone of Are You a Cheeseburger? (BCCB 05/21), [End Page 319] this story gleefully leans into absurdity, with a dash of epistemological musings. Young skeptics will be surprised by the true identity of the teacher of room 2B in a twist that makes this a standout among first day of school titles. Copyright © 2023 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Early structural brain markers for Alzheimer’s Disease in women: Brain‐behaviour relationships after ovarian removal

AbstractBackgroundWomen with bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy (BSO; removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes) prior to age 50 have increased Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk (Rocca et al., 2007), but the neural mechanisms for this are unclear. Abilities involving manipulation/maintenance aspects of working memory (WM) decline post‐BSO, and this effect may be reduced by estradiol‐based hormone therapy (ET; Gervais et al., 2020). Considering decline in manipulation/maintenance aspects of WM in AD (Germano & Kinsella, 2005), we aimed to understand the relationships between brain structure and WM after BSO.MethodWomen with BSO taking ET (BSO+ET: M±SDage = 44.92±5.11, n = 26) or not taking ET (BSO: M±SDage = 45.62±5.04, n = 26) were compared to age‐matched premenopausal controls (AMC: M±SDage = 43.71±2.92, n = 42) recruited from Toronto, Montreal, and Linköping. T1‐weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired. Voxel‐based morphometry measures of gray matter volume were obtained (CIVET pipeline, Ad‐Dab’bagh et al., 2005). Digit Span Backward (DSB) and Forward (DSF) subtests (Wechsler, 1945) were administered to assess manipulation/maintenance and updating/maintenance aspects of WM, respectively. Multivariate Behaviour Partial Least Squares (McIntosh & Lobaugh, 2004) was used to compare the correlation between performance (DSB and DSF) and volume between groups.ResultThere were no group differences in DSB/DSF total span performance. AMC did not show a significant relationship between volume and WM (Figure1A). For BSO and BSO+ET, gray matter volume in key WM regions, including bilateral supplementary motor area, inferior temporal gyrus, superior and inferior frontal gyri, left precuneus, and right cuneus, was negatively associated with DSB performance (Figure1B warm colours), while hippocampal volume was positively associated with DSB performance (Figure1B cold colours). These relationships were strong for BSO (R = ‐0.78), while BSO+ET (R = ‐0.37; moderate correlation) showed an intermediate phenotype between BSO and AMC (R = 0.14; small correlation).ConclusionManipulation/maintenance aspects of WM and regional volume relationships depended on menopause status and ET. Without ET after BSO, successful WM performance correlated more strongly with hippocampal volume, which is usually the case for high memory load WM tasks (Geva et al., 2016). Even when memory changes are undetected by standard neuropsychological tests, brain‐behaviour relationships may prove a useful tool for assessing early changes in individuals at increased AD risk.

전라북도 가로시설물의 디자인 제고를 위한 연구

This study reveals the absence of standard design guidelines by region through investigation and analysis centered on public design cases by region in Jeollabuk-do and design elements that can reflect the integration, identity, and diversity of public design in each region by five regions. Through this, the following conclusions could be obtained. First, to improve the quality of street facilities in Jeollabuk-do, the design elements (design motif, color, pattern) applicable to the standard design were analyzed by dividing them into five regions. As a design motif, it was possible to extract patterns containing straight lines, sophistication, dignity, and smartness. In the Northeast region, it is comfortable with the motif of the mountain ridge reflecting geographical characteristics, and it can be extracted elements that contain warm and natural colors. In the southeastern region, patterns that reflect design elements were extracted by applying safe, lively, and peaceful colors with the design motif of curves that blend nature and agriculture. In the southwestern region, design pattern elements that highlight nature, history, and culture were extracted with various cultural assets and natural greenery as motifs. Lastly, in the Saemangeum region, the ocean flow and greenery could be used as a design motif to reflect a positive, clear, future-oriented image in the design spot zones by region. Second, based on the standard design elements (design motive, color, pattern) by region extracted for the standard design development of street facilities in each region in Jeollabuk-do, an integrated zone(Form, structure, material, color, functional element) to which regional design guidelines can be applied. Third, an integrated zone (form, structure, material, color, functional elements) was composed. In addition, design spot zones (patterns and colors in city and county units) that can contain the diversity and identity of each region were designated. By designating design spot zones (patterns and colors in city and county units) that can contain the diversity and identity of each region, standard design development plans (integrated pillars, jaywalking prevention fences, roundabouts (urban type, rural type), street trees) Eight standard designs, including protective covers, street planters, flat benches, light benches, visual media for user guidance, and parking zones for personal mobile devices) were presented.

Determination of Water Stress in Wheat Crops by Thermal Images Under Mediterranean Conditions

ABSTRACT Canopy temperature is used as an indicator of plant water stress. In recent years, technological advances have allowed improved applications in agriculture from temperature sensors clamped on leaves to short-range remote-sensing, such as infrared thermometry and thermal imaging. There are many scientific studies on the use of thermal imaging to determine crop water stress; however, no study on wheat crops has been found in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the detectability of water stress in wheat by using thermal images. In the experiment, drainage-type, weighable lysimeters were used to make precise irrigations and obtain components of the water budget for calculating the plant water consumption. Wheat crops were grown under four different irrigation levels including no water stress as control (I100), mild water stress (I75), moderate water stress (I50), and severe water stress (I25). When the thermal images were examined, it can be seen that pre-irrigation images reflect water stress conditions better than post-irrigation. The warm color distribution was more evident under severe water stress, whereas cold colors were dominant under no water stress. During the experimental period, the plant leaf temperatures varied from 17.5 to 34.2°C, while the spike temperatures ranged from 26.6°C to 36.3°C. The lowest plant leaf and spike temperature values were observed under control, whereas the highest values were obtained under severe water stress. It can be said that thermal cameras that provide fast and contactless data acquisition have the potential to be used in detecting water stress in wheat crops.

Color induction in the restoration of architecture in historic city centers

AbstractIn the restoration of historic facades, specialists need to tackle the problem of colors applied to the ornamental elements that appear different on a facade than if they were isolated, because the colors of the surrounding surfaces influence them through color induction. This study evaluates the difference between the colors of ornaments observed in isolation, which we call nominal colors, and on different background colors, which we call induced colors, considering the historic color palette of Valencia as studied by the Color Research Group in Architecture of the Universitat Politècnica de València. The study consisted of the evaluation of 108 color pairs painted on physical cardboards, rated by 26 female students (average age 26.5), under natural lighting conditions, and using the Natural Color System (NCS) Color Atlas for the color match. Results indicate that induced colors have lower NCS blackness compared with nominal ones, and slightly higher or no NCS chromaticness shift. Nominal colors with low chromaticness exhibit an important hue induction effect and tend to shift to a hue that is located opposite to that of the background color in the NCS color circle, this effect being larger when the background has a warm color. The induction effect is larger when ornamental elements and background have similar nominal NCS blackness, and different nominal NCS chromaticness,with nominal hue difference no significant in the induction effect. The colors of ornamental elements that entailed greater induction were those with the lowest NCS chromaticness, and in the case of the background color, those with the highest chromaticness.

Research on Architectural Color and Visual Comfort in Historic Landscape Areas

New buildings continue to be constructed in historic districts as urbanization accelerates. This leads to incongruities between historic and modern buildings, as well as degradation of the historic landscape. As a means of resolving these problems, this study uses the expert scoring method to solicit opinions from relevant experts through anonymous methods for architectural samples and establishes two groups of architectural images that have been screened for objective color attribute analysis. Comparing the architectural color codes on site was conducted using the Chinese Architectural Color Card based on the Munsell color system. Furthermore, questionnaires were used to measure the differences in visual comfort between different building types by asking the subjects to rate architectural colors when viewing architectural images. This study will also combine the advantages of measurement and analysis of objective objects with the study of human perceptual experience in order to enhance its practicality. In general, the buildings in the West Nanjing Road Historic Landscape District are painted in warm yellow, and the public is aware of its comforting color. Both historical and modern buildings in the historic district are mostly of medium and high brightness, and both use low-purity colors for the main body of their structures. Despite some differences between people of different genders, ages, and literacy levels, all of them agree on the main tone of warm yellow color in architectural colors.

Slaughter and meat quality of broiler turkeys using different light programmes during growing

The issue of selecting light programmes in poultry houses is of great importance in growing broiler turkeys, as neglecting it results in the deterioration of the movement of the bird. Such a factor leads to deterioration of general health and destabilises the proper functioning of body systems. The purpose of the research was to identify the effect of different lighting methods on the slaughter and meat qualities of broiler turkeys. The following methods were used in the research: histological, anatomical, morphometric, light-optical, statistical. The research was conducted in 2022 on two groups of Big-6 cross broiler turkeys in the poultry houses of the control group and two experimental production sites No. 7 poultry enterprises of Chernivtsi Oblast. The regulation of the light programs of each poultry house was implemented using fluorescent lamps of the PSP1V2-36 type, which provide warm white colour (colour temperature 2700 K) lighting. The research results established that the most developed muscle tissue was found in turkeys grown by the method using high intensity lighting. In addition, another experimental group demonstrated results higher than the control group. In addition, the quality of the meat of different groups had specific minor differences: in the pectoral muscles of the experimental groups, a slight increase in the content of dry matter (by 0.4-0.6%), protein (by 0.3-0.4%) and a decrease in fat content (by 0.3-0.4%). The caloric content has actually not changed. The experimental groups had an advantage in the chemical composition and energy value of the meat. The results of the conducted research can be used to improve the system of growing broiler turkeys, to explore in more detail the reaction of the bird to various conditions and the impact of these conditions on the body. It will allow obtaining high-quality products faster and reduce the cost of production

Use of Digital Methods to Optimize Visualization during Surgical Gonioscopy.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of digital visualization for enhancing the visualization of iridocorneal structures during surgical gonioscopy. Methods: This was a prospective, single-center study on a series of 26 cases of trabecular stent implantation performed by the same surgeon. Images were recorded during surgical gonioscopy, and before stent implantation, with standard colors and with the optimization of various settings, principally color saturation and temperature and the use of the cyan color filter. Subjective analyses were performed by two glaucoma surgeons, and objective contrast measurements were made on iridocorneal structure images. Results: The surgeons evaluating the images considered the optimized digital settings to produce enhanced tissue visibility for both trabecular meshwork pigmentation and Schlemm's canal in more than 65% of cases. The mean difference in the standard deviation of the pixel intensity values was 37.87 (±4.61) for the optimized filter images and 32.37 (±3.51) for the standard-color images (p < 0.001). The use of a cyan filter provided a good level of contrast for the visualization of trabecular meshwork pigmentation. Increasing the color temperature highlighted the red appearance of Schlemm's canal. Conclusions: We report here the utility of optimized digital settings including the cyan filter and a warmer color for enhancing the visualization of iridocorneal structures during surgical gonioscopy. These settings could be used in surgical practice to enhance the visualization of the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal during minimally invasive glaucoma surgery.

A Study on the Effect of Color on Human Food Perception

The purpose of this research was to determine whether the color of food has any ability to influence and stimulate appetite. We divided the color spectrum into two broad representative groups: warm and cold colors. Based on anecdotal experiences, I hypothesized that warm-colored food would appear more appetizing than cold-colored food. To test this hypothesis, I created a survey that included images of staple food and desserts and applied different warm and cold-color filters, and asked respondents to choose their preference. Age, gender, and respondent hunger levels were also collected. The results show that staple food and desserts with warm filters attracted more overall interest, though cold-filtered desserts were notably more frequently selected than cold-filtered staple meals. The results of the research may be useful for cooking, decorating, and graphic design, and may have separate therapeutic applications for children with eating disorders.

Multiple-wavelength range-gated active imaging applied to the evaluation of simultaneous movement of millimeter-size objects moving in a given volume.

The combined multiple-wavelength range-gated active imaging (WRAI) principle is able to determine the position of a moving object in a four-dimensional space and to deduce its trajectory and its speed independently of the video frequency. However, when the scene size is reduced and the objects have a millimeter size, the temporal values intervening on the depth of the visualized zone in the scene cannot be reduced further because of technological limitations. To improve the depth resolution, the illumination type of the juxtaposed style of this principle has been modified. Therefore, it was important to evaluate this new context in the case of millimeter-size objects moving simultaneously in a reduced volume. Based on the rainbow volume velocimetry method, the combined WRAI principle was studied in accelerometry and velocimetry with four-dimensional images of millimeter-size objects. This basic principle combining two wavelength categories determines the depth of moving objects in the scene with the warm color category and the precise moment of moving objects position with the cold color category. The difference in this new, to the best of our knowledge, method is at the level of the scene illumination, which is obtained transversally by a pulsed light source having a wide spectral band limited in warm colors in order to get a better depth resolution. For cold colors, the illumination with pulsed beams of distinct wavelengths remains unchanged. Thus, it is possible independently of the video frequency to know from a single recorded image the trajectory, the speed, and the acceleration of millimeter-size objects moving simultaneously in 3D space and also the chronology of their passages. The experimental tests validated this modified multiple-wavelength range-gated active imaging method and confirmed the possibility of avoiding confusion when the object trajectories intersect.

Understanding the packaging colour on consumer perception of plant‐based hamburgers: A preliminary study

AbstractPlant‐based hamburgers (PBH) are a recent alternative for consumers who want to reduce meat consumption. The marketing of this type of food has increased in the last few years, being an exciting niche in the food industry. In parallel, food marketing uses packaging to attract consumers, being packaging colour a key to improving consumer perceptions and increasing purchasing intentions. However, no study has explored the ideal packaging colour for PBH. Hence, this research aimed to understand the packaging colour on consumer perception of PBH. A study with 727 volunteers was carried out, and the data were obtained through an online form and analysed using an electronic spreadsheet. Firstly, the diet types and purchasing intention of BPH were analysed. In sequence, it was investigated the perceptions against different colours used in the package of PBH. Neutral (white and black), cool (green, blue and lilac), and warm (red, yellow and magenta) colours were used in the PHB package and data derived from consumers' perceptions were analysed using the word association methodology. Results from volunteers showed that people are interested in buying PBH, including people having a carnivore or flexitarian diet type (89% of volunteers). Important attributes related to PBH were induced in the volunteers using food packaging with green, yellow and white colours. These colours can attract attention and induce emotions related to nature, health, nutritional value and quality in packages of PBH.

Adults' Visual Cue Preferences and Wayfinding Abilities in Healthcare Centers.

Physical and visual elements that help people find their way around an environment are called visual cues (VCs). The current study aims to evaluate adults' wayfinding abilities (navigation, orientation, spatial anxiety, and distance estimation) and VC (navigational color coding) preferences in terms of color and position; additionally, investigates their differences in adults' life span phases (young adults, early middle-aged adults, and late middle-aged adults). Wayfinding in complex environments such as healthcare centers has been challenging for most people. Although VCs are being used increasingly to facilitate wayfinding, considering people's preferences regarding VCs, especially navigational color coding, are neglected. Obtained data from a survey of 375 healthcare center visitors with textual and photo questionnaires were analyzed by descriptive statics and one-way analysis of variance. Young adults preferred VCs with "mixed colors and positioned in the middle of the floor," early middle-aged adults preferred "warm color VCs in the middle of the wall," and late middle-aged adults preferred "warm color VCs at the bottom of the wall." Additionally, the results demonstrated that with aging, navigation and distance estimation abilities deteriorate, and spatial anxiety increases. The outcomes of the present study increase our knowledge regarding the impact of adults' life span phases on their wayfinding abilities and VC preferences and offer suggestions for architects and healthcare center stakeholders to provide environments that improve adults' wayfinding.

Non-convulsive epiletic seizure after electroconvulsive therapy session

IntroductionElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a procedure performed under general anaesthesia involving triggering an intentional brief seizure through small electrical currents through the brain. The anaesthetic depth should be adequate prior to shock and measured with BIS, a processed electroencephalogram (EEG) monitor. Adjusting the hypnotic dose allows to decrease the ictal threshold and thus improve the response to treatment and decrease side effects.ObjectivesOur goal is detecting elements such as spontaneous epileptiform activity after ECT without tonic-clonic activity with the spectral density matrix (SDM).MethodsOur patient: an 87-year-old woman, diagnosed with F20.2 catatonic schizophrenia and under antipsychotic treatment since her youth. She has required multiple hospital admissions due to psychopathological decompensations until starting monthly maintenance ECT sessions in 2014. Since then she no new hospital admissions have been required.ResultsImages 1D and 1E shows the SDM, a spectrogram of the EEG. The X axis show time (minutes), the Y axis shows the frequency (Hz) and the Z axis shows the energy or intensity of that electrical activity in the frequency bands replaced by colors: warm colors (red) reflecting high intensity electroencephalographic activity and cool colors (yellow, blue and green), low activity. Images 2 and 3’s EDM shows spontaneous epileptiform activity after electroconvulsive therapy without tonic-clonic activity. We observed an initial EDM of an awake patient, with warm colours in practically all frequency bands, including the beta band (13-30 Hz), characteristic of waking states. Around 9:50 anaesthetic induction occurs, activity increases in slow frequencies (red colours in alpha, theta and delta), plus an increase of cold colours in beta, reflecting the disappearance of brain activity in that frequency. The asterisk reflects the EEG response to the electrical discharge, followed by a postcritical state with brain activity exclusively in slow waves and high amplitude (delta and some theta) and absence of activity in other frequencies (blue colour in the beta and alpha bands) around 9:57. At about 10:00 there is an abrupt appearance of high intensity brain activity (warm colours) in beta and alpha and delta, mainly, reflecting spontaneous epileptiform activity after treatment and clinically reflected as a patient absent and disconnected from the environment, but without tonic-clonic activity. New postcritical state in which blue colour predominates, reflecting little brain activity, and warmer colours reappear in all frequency bands, including beta, reflecting the progressive recovery of wakefulness.Image:Image 2:Image 3:ConclusionsPsychiatric pathology can be reflected in the SDM, which allows to observe changes in the EEG, correcting the electrical stimulus of the shock and the dose of anesthetic appropriate to the patient to trigger an intentional brief seizure under general anesthesia.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Wizkit: An Adventure Overdue by Tanya J. Scott

Reviewed by: Wizkit: An Adventure Overdue by Tanya J. Scott Danica Ronquillo Scott, Tanya J. Wizkit: An Adventure Overdue; written and illus. by Tanya J. Scott. Atheneum, 2023 [144p] Trade ed. ISBN 9781665900836 $20.99 Paper ed. ISBN 9781665900829 $12.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9781665900843 $9.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R Gr. 4-6 Wizkit is a one-eyed cat and wizard apprentice who loves lounging around the house and using magic to do household chores, even though her Teacher Magus advises, “You cannot rely on it as an easy solution to everything. Some things you must do yourself.” When the two of them find Book, a talking library book that is long overdue, Teacher Magus assigns Wizkit the task of returning Book to the library to gain experience one cannot find indoors. Despite Wizkit’s reluctance to go outside, she realizes that her time journeying and forming new friendships with Book and other strange creatures can be a wild and fun adventure. Scott has illustrated a wholesome and quirky graphic novel debut, with simplistic layouts expanding the enchanting settings with warm vibrant colors, text to textless panels smoothly moving the narrative to introduce new characters, and humorous and sarcastic dialogue between the overly optimistic Book and the cynical cautious Wizkit. When coming across peculiar side characters, like a river shrine dragon, talking rocks and mice, and a three-headed bird with their own set of problems, Wizkit finds her true magic by courageously providing words of wisdom to them based on her new lessons and experiences. Young readers will be encouraged to step outside their comfort zone and learn that “Sometimes you can do a lot, without even knowing you could . . . and that’s how you find out you can do it.” Early character and background sketch designs are included. Copyright © 2023 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Цветовая гамма в «Бриллиантовой руке» Леонида Гайдая

The main motives of the colour composition of the film The Diamond Arm are discussed in the article. The variations of the blue and the semantics of the cold range of colours associated with the world of the main character, Senya Gorbunkov, his unconscious and his fears are analyzed. The development of the motif of pale, light colour shades that appear at moments of dramatic uncertainty, extreme tension and preparation for the upcoming climaxes is traced. Silver and metallic tones are assigned to the secret world of smugglers. The author notes that throughout the film a certain dialogue of cold colours and warm ochre-scarlet colour shades unfolds. At first separate “warm” details inside blue landscapes and “pale” interiors appear, then their spatial presence and energy are enhanced. Ochre and red shades accompany the phenomenon of “dark forces”, whether it is a Soviet house manager Varvara Sergeevna or smugglers. The main red scene of the film is the scene of failed seduction of an honest hero. Thus, the main colour of the revolution is recoded into the colour of eroticism, deception, violence, unfortune. The white colour in the film plays the part of a trickster, revealing ambivalent properties and constantly showing that the whole reality and the person in it are not like what they seem. The colour concept forms a kind of visual melody of the film, adding much more semantic overtones.

What do clean and dirty hands of primary school pupils look like?

ABSTRACT The current pandemic has highlighted the importance of hand hygiene as a preventive measure to avoid the transmission of diseases. It is a habit that should be reinforced during childhood, so that it lasts into adulthood. The main objective was to analyse and describe, through drawing, the mental schemas that 6-12 year-old pupils have about clean and dirty hands and their relationship with microorganisms. A descriptive and qualitative study was carried out with 260 participants in which their drawings were analysed according to thecategories: colouring, shape and/or presence of wounds, viruses or living beings, localisation and presence of accessories. The results show that dirty hands are represented coloured in sections combining various shapes and, in some cases, living beings or viruses can be found. Among 11–12 year-old students there are very few cases where dirt is represented as dots or reference is made to microscopic size, with neutral and warm colours being the most used. Clean hands are represented by the silhouette of the hand in a single colour. Sometimes accessories are added to reinforce the idea of cleanliness and it is not conceivable that a clean hand could harbour microorganisms or dirt.

Computational and optoelectronic quantification of semi-conducting, warm ruby red color emanating Eu3+ complexes with hetro-cyclic ligands.

Six Eu3+ complexes were synthesised with β-keto acid as main ligand and secondary ligands through liquid assisted grinding method. These complexes were characterised by various techniques such as spectroscopic technique, XRD, EDAX, SEM analysis, thermal technique, Urbach energy and optical band gap investigation. The luminous photophysical properties were studied by PL spectroscopy in solid as well as solution phase and some theoretical calculation was done to investigate the radiative (Arad) & non-radiative (Anrad) transition rate, quantum efficiency (ɸ), Judd Ofelt parameters for 5D0 → 7F2,4 transitions in both states. Judd Ofelt parameters were also calculated by the JOES software and the outcomes are well harmonised with theoretical values. The complexes have CIE color coordinate value in ruby red region and above 88.65% color purity in both phases, which made them attractive candidates for red light-emitting displays. 5D0 → 7F2 transition was proposed as a laser emission transition owing to their high branching ratio (67.18-74.24%) in solid and (60.09-74.40%) in solution phase. Computational methods were employed to determine the structure and energy of various molecular orbitals. Antimicrobial assay of complexes was also rationalised and found that the complexes are pertinent as good bactericidal and fungicidal agents in pharmaceutical industry.