Warm Bath Research Articles

IRRESPONSIBILITY IN ARCHAEOLOGY

Introduction Mathew Johnson on the first page of his book, titled Archaeological Theory: An Introduction, challenges an important question. He states, can be very boring, distressing and physically uncomfortable. Every year we excavate thousands of sites, some with painstaking and mind-numbing patience, and some in a great and undignified hurry. Every year we get chilled to the marrow or bitten half to death by mosquitoes while visiting some unprepossessing, grassy mound in the middle of nowhere. Miles from decent restaurant or even warm bath, we try to look interested while the rain comes down in sheets and some great professor whose best work was 20 years ago witters on in a monotone about what was found in Trench 4B. Every year we churn out thousands of interminable, stultifying dull with site reports, fretting over the accuracy of plans and diagrams, collating lists of grubby artifacts to go on microfiche that few will ever consult or use again. Why? (Johnson 1999, 1). He continues, question 'why do we do archaeology?' is therefore bound up with the question 'why is archaeology--the study of the past through its material remains--so important to us?' And this again leads on to the question of us, of our identity--who are we? And these are all theoretical (Johnson 1999, 2). The most important point in his view is the reconstruction of the past. This is also the main aim of archaeology, to answer questions about our identity. It seems, that the answer to this question--who are we?--helps us to have a better future. If we believe in human-environment interactions, then we will believe that similar environment needs similar human behaviors. Therefore, learning our ancestors' experience could help us to make a better future. To have a better future based on our ancestors' experiences, we need to extract their behaviors from archaeological data properly, because it is a result of their endeavors in unreliable environment. In archaeology, theory has been defined as the conceptual basis of studying material data from the past (Dark 1995, 1); therefore, it is completely subjective (Shanks & Tilley 1987, 212). In culture-historical archaeology, it simply represented the knowledge that material remains could inform archaeologists about the past (Dark 1995, 3 ff.). Hodder believes that although culture-historical archaeology contained theoretical assumptions, it remained a methodology rather than a theory (Hodder 1991, 4). But it seems that culture history is also a form of archaeological theory, in which archaeologists use inductive reasoning. Describing and classifying finds into groups are important parts of culture-history theory. In contrast, theory in the New Archaeology tries to explain change and recognize the process by which it came about. Therefore, it represents an important movement from the main traditions of archaeology, in which description was considered more important than the explanation of change (Dark 1995, 3 ff.). Shanks and Tilley believe that although theory is a technical outcome of a specialist, it is a surrounded and localized production, and the way in which archaeologists manage to arrive at a particular picture of the past based on the archaeological remains (Shanks & Tilley 1987, 212 f.). In fact, archaeologists have an admirable series of responsibilities; firstly it is the responsibility to interpret the data they discovered to the best of their abilities. They should care about the outcomes of their interpretations of the people and places they study, and they should deem the environmental impact of the processes that they do on the world. Therefore, we need to know four reasons of why theory is 'relevant' to archaeological practice 1--we need to justify what we do, 2--we need to evaluate one interpretation of the past against another, to decide which is the stronger, 3--we must be explicit in what we do as archaeologists, 4--we don't 'need' theory, we all use theory whether we like it or not (Johnson 1999, 3 ff. …

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa in a female Nigerian child: a case report

To report the case of Junctional Epidermolysis bullosa seen in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar and to draw attention to the existence of this condition among Nigerians. A Nigerian female infant, normal at birth, developed extensive blistering skin eruptions from the age of ten days. The lesions involved the face, neck, shoulders, upper trunk and the buccal mucosa of the lower lip sparing the limbs. The cornea were cloudy. The history, type and distribution of the lesions were consistent with Junctional Epidermolysis bullosa (EB). This was confirmed by skin biopsy and histology. Various medications including systemic and topical steroids, antibiotics and other topical creams only produce transient relief with frequent relapses. The Junctional EB type is known to be autosomal recessive in inheritance though there was no positive family history. Avoidance of heat, warm bath and trauma and genetic counseling can be helpful in reducing frequent relapses of the condition that has no specific treatment. This appears to be the first case of Epidermolysis bullosa to be reported from Calabar, south eastern Nigeria. This case report shows that this rare condition does affect people in the tropics. Efforts should always be made to reach a definitive diagnosis whenever unusual conditions are encountered in clinical practice.

Quantitative Measurement of Blood Glucose Disposition Rate by Intravenous Glucose Infusion and the Effects of Warm Water Bathing

Quantitative Measurement of Blood Glucose Disposition Rate by Intravenous Glucose Infusion and the Effects of Warm Water Bathing

A Preliminary Study on Cryopreservation Protocol Applicable to all Types of Diospyros Kaki Thunb.

ABSTRACTDiospyros kaki Thunb. was divided into four types based on astringency in the fruit at harvest, presence of seed, and flesh colour: The factors that affected cryopreservation of D. kaki Thunb. were studied by modified droplet vitrification: preculture condition and PVS2 treatment time. After cryopreservation, different concentration of Pluronic F-68 in the regenerating medium was also investigated. A suitable protocol was established: shoot tips of axillaries were precultured on MS (1/2) medium with 0.5mol/L sucrose and 10g/L Pluronic F-68 for 5 days, which were loaded in loading solution for 20 min at 20°C, and incubated in PVS2 for 1.5 h at 0°C prior to direct plunge into liquid nitrogen. After rapid thawing at 40°C warm water bath and rinsed, the shoot tips were plated on the regeneration medium supplemented with 1.0mg/L TDZ, 0.6g/L PVP, 0.1% Pluronic F-68, 30g/L sucrose and 7g/L agar for one week in dark prior to exposure to normal conditions. Using this procedure in cryopreservation of D. kaki Thunb., the best regeneration rate was 80%, the average rate was 73% and the difference of four types was not significant at P=0.05.

Phytobalneotherapy (hay bath) with Graminis flos vs. hydrotherapy: A prospective cross-over study

Background and aim Phytobalneotherapy with Graminis flos (hay bath) is being used more frequently in the areas of prevention, clinical treatment and rehabilitation in Southern Germany and Austria. However, there are only a few studies investigating the effects of the hay bath. Methods In a prospective cross-over study we randomized healthy subjects into two groups, each receiving one hour of treatment in either a traditional hay bath or a warm bath (hyperthermia). The two groups were then investigated for differences in cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, and sublingual temperature), subjective well-being, quality of sleep, and tolerability during the treatment. Results Twelve male test subjects (age 25.2±3.3 years, BMI 23.4±2.3) years were included in the study. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographic data, nor did the objective or subjective parameters reveal any significant differences between the groups. Side effects (numbness, headache) were documented by two subjects receiving hay bath. Conclusion When using the hay bath, potential side effects must be taken into account. In view of the increasing use of Graminis flos in phytobalneotherapy, investigations involving large groups of patients with defined illnesses are needed in order definitively to establish the effectiveness and risks of the hay bath.

Maintaining health, comfort and productivity in heat waves

Background: The aim of this paper is to summarise what is known about human response to heat and to use this knowledge to provide guidance on how to maintain the health, comfort and performance of people in heat waves.Design: The use of power and especially water are critical in providing cooling. A practical method of cooling people in a water bath is described. A warm bath slowly cooled will provide effective cooling but not thermal trauma.Result: It is concluded that for sedentary and light activities, it is not necessary to cool offices or homes below 25°C for thermal comfort.Conclusion: To compare the costs due to loss of productivity caused by a heat wave, with the cost of taking action, more research is needed into the relationship between levels of heat stress and how much distraction and ‘time off task’ it causes.

4．入浴による肝・腎・腸管吸収機能の定量的分析

4．入浴による肝・腎・腸管吸収機能の定量的分析

Re: Use of a Warming Bath to Prevent Lens Fogging During Laparoscopy

Journal of EndourologyVol. 23, No. 7 Letter to the EditorRe: Use of a Warming Bath to Prevent Lens Fogging During LaparoscopyNathan Lawrentschuk and Damien M. BoltonNathan LawrentschukDepartment of Urology, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.Search for more papers by this author and Damien M. BoltonUrology Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:7 Jul 2009https://doi.org/10.1089/end.2009.0122AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail "Re: Use of a Warming Bath to Prevent Lens Fogging During Laparoscopy." , 23(7), p. 1213FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byLaparoscopic lens fogging: solving a common surgical problem in standard and robotic laparoscopes via a scientific model8 August 2017 | Surgical Endoscopy, Vol. 32, No. 3 Volume 23Issue 7Jul 2009 InformationCopyright 2009, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.To cite this article:Nathan Lawrentschuk and Damien M. Bolton.Re: Use of a Warming Bath to Prevent Lens Fogging During Laparoscopy.Journal of Endourology.Jul 2009.1213-1213.http://doi.org/10.1089/end.2009.0122Published in Volume: 23 Issue 7: July 7, 2009Online Ahead of Print:June 24, 2009PDF download

I Wanted to See All the News from Today

I wanted to See all the news from Today http://allnews.greyisgood.eu/ Martin John Callanan Marshall McLuhan once quipped that people don’t read newspapers so much as submerge into them. The patron saint of digital culture likened this action, a veritable ‘sinking’ into disparate streams of information, as something an individual would approach as casually as they’d slip into a warm bath. Martin John Callanan’s I wanted to See all the news from Today provides a similar immersive media experience by aggregating the front page of hundreds of newspapers from around the world and displaying these images within the screen space of a single web page. Launched in 2007, the piece mines more than 600 papers originating in seven continents, continuously scraping data from these sources every day without pause. These pages are organized to form a massive grid that references the familiar ‘image gallery’ and ‘array of thumbnails’ that are associated with managing digital information assets, but subverts these organizational frameworks towards different ends.

Development of an artificial placenta I: pumpless arterio-venous extracorporeal life support in a neonatal sheep model

Purpose Effective treatment of respiratory failure in premature infants remains an unsolved problem. The development of an artificial placenta, in the form of a pumpless arteriovenous extracorporeal life support (AV-ECLS) circuit that maintains fetal circulation, is an appealing alternative. Methods A near-term (140 d/term = 145 days) neonatal lamb model was used (n = 7). Fetuses were exposed by hysterotomy, and flow probes were placed on the ductus arteriosus, aorta, and carotid artery. Catheters were placed into the umbilical vessels, and pumpless AV-ECLS was initiated. Fetuses were submerged in a warm saline bath, and support was maintained for up to 4 hours. Results Mean initial device flow was 383 mL/min but steadily declined to 177 mL/min at 4 hours. Mean initial pO 2 was 24 mm Hg and 18 mm Hg at 4 hours. Initial mean pCO 2 was 60 mm Hg and declined to 42 mm Hg at 4 hours. Mean arterial pressure was initially 43 mm Hg and decreased to 34 mm Hg at 4 hours. Flow in the ductus arteriosus was maintained for 4 hours. Of 7 fetuses, 5 survived 4 hours of support. Conclusions Pumpless AV-ECLS can support gas exchange and maintain fetal circulation in a neonatal lamb model for a 4-hour period. Prolonged support (>4 hours) is hampered by high cannula resistance and declining device flow.

Use of a Warming Bath to Prevent Lens Fogging during Laparoscopy

To describe a techique of using a warming bath to prevent lens fogging during laparoscopy. A warming machine (OR Solutions Inc., Chantilly, Virginia, model ORS-2038) containing a sterile water bath maintained at 120 degrees F is used to warm laparoscope lenses during laparoscopic surgery in order to prevent lens fogging. We have used this technique in place of a hot water thermos or defogging solution the past 5 years during hundreds of laparoscopic cases and have noted a significant decrease in lens fogging and the need to clean the lens of water vapor condensate. A water bath capable of maintianing hot water at a stable 120 degrees F is an effective alternative technique for maintaining warm laparoscope lenses and preventing lens fogging during laparoscopy.

Dermal absorption of inorganic germanium in rats

So-called germanium ‘health’ products including dietary supplements, cosmetics, accessories, and warm bath service containing germanium compounds and metalloid are popular in Japan. Subchronic and chronic oral exposure of germanium dioxide (GeO 2), popular chemical form of inorganic germanium causes severe germanium toxicosis including death and kidney dysfunction in humans and experimental animals. Intestinal absorption of neutralized GeO 2 or germanate is almost complete in humans and animals. However, it is not known whether germanium is cutaneously absorbed. We tested dermal absorption of neutralized GeO 2 or germanate using male F344/N rats. Three groups of rats were treated with a 3-h topical application of hydrophilic ointment containing graded level of neutralized GeO 2 (pH 7.4): 0, 0.21 and 0.42 mg GeO 2/g. Germanium concentration in blood and tissues sampled from rats after topical application of inorganic germanium was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Animals topically applied 0.42 mg GeO 2/g ointment had significantly higher germanium concentrations in plasma, liver, and kidney than those of rats that received no topical germanium. The results indicate that skin is permeable to inorganic germanium ion or germanate and recurrent exposure of germanium compounds may pose a potential health hazard.

The First Mental Hospital in China

AFTER MORE THAN 25 YEARS of planning and fundraising, American medical missionaries opened the first mental hospital in China in 1898. In 19th century China, the mentally ill were usually confined by their families in a dark room of the house, essentially neglected.1 If left to wander in the streets, they were often mocked and laughed at, and sometimes stoned. If they did anything wrong, they could be arrested and thrown into prison. Because the mentally ill were largely invisible, some missionaries argued that mental illness was not as prevalent in China as in Europe or the United States. John G. Kerr, MD (1824–1901), an American Presbyterian medical missionary, disagreed—and he worked long and hard to change the treatment of the mentally ill. Kerr had trained at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia and went to Canton, China (now Guangzhou), in 1854. For more than 40 years, he ran the Ophthalmic Hospital in Canton, which treated almost one million patients.2 He also trained 150 Chinese medical students, including Sun Yat-Sen, who would become the first president of the Chinese republic. Kerr translated 34 volumes of Materia Medica into Chinese and published many of his own articles and treatises. In 1887, he became the first president of the Medical Missionary Association of China. As president, Kerr presented his plan for a mental asylum to the Medical Missionary Association. He was strongly supported by Professor Edward P. Thwing of the American Presbyterian Mission, who read a paper at the Shanghai Medical Convention in 1890 on “Western methods with insane Chinese.”3 In it, Thwing noted that he and Kerr had visited a number of wealthy citizens of Hong Kong and Canton and appealed to them for funds to open a mental hospital to bring relief to their suffering kinsmen; these citizens had listened politely but declined to do anything. But Thwing was not deterred; the demands of humanity required a mental hospital—whether or not the Chinese themselves wanted one. “We ask, not what they want, but what they need,” he wrote. “The heathen do not ask for bibles and missionaries, but they need them all the same.”3(p399) The same logic applied: the Chinese did not want, but needed, a mental hospital. The Medical Missionary Association agreed, in 1890, to support the proposal, despite doubts and objections from some of its members. In 1891, Kerr bought three acres of land in Canton, at his own expense, and started a dispensary. In 1894, he received unexpected help from a former medical missionary who gave him the money to erect a building on the site. By 1897, the hospital, with 24 rooms, was ready; in February 1898, the first patient was admitted.4 Kerr said that most of the patients were brought to him in chains; his descriptions suggest that, at that time, the insane were often treated as harshly as lepers. The first patient admitted had been chained for three years to a stone in such a way that he had been unable to take a single step and had lost the power of walking.5 The second patient, a woman, was found with a chain around her neck, the end of which was fastened to the floor behind her. John G. Kerr Refuge for the Insane, Canton, China Source. Courtesy of the National Library of Medicine. When he opened his Refuge for the Insane, Kerr declared some new principles: first, insane patients were ill and should not be blamed for their actions; second, they were in a hospital, not a prison; and third, they must be treated as human beings, not as animals. He pledged to conduct a course of treatment based on persuasion rather than force, on freedom rather than restraint, and on a healthy outdoor life with a maximum of rest, warm baths, and kindness. He also wanted to provide patients with gainful employment wherever possible. The directors of the Canton refuge worked closely with local Chinese officials and local police, who did not know how to handle insane people and were glad to refer them in large numbers to the refuge.6 Chinese officials paid the refuge an annual allowance for taking care of the patients. Local families also brought in patients, and some were sent from Hong Kong by the British authorities. The hospital was eventually expanded to 500 beds, and it operated with considerable success until it finally closed in 1937.

Abdominoperineal excision of the rectum

With its vivid local symptoms and ready detection by inserting the finger into the patient's fundament, cancer of the rectum was well known (and much feared) even in ancient times. Its treatment, of course, until comparatively recently, was entirely palliative and mostly useless – warm baths, emollient enemas, bougie dilatation of stenosing growths. The first to amputate the rectum was Jaques Lisfranc (1790–1847) of Paris. In 1826, without the benefit of anaesthesia (ether was first introduced in 1846), he amputated the rectum through the perineum, leaving the patient with an uncontrollable perineal colostomy. In 1885, Paul Kraske (1851–1930) carried out a series of sacral resections of the rectum after removing the lower part of the sacrum, the sigmoid colon being brought down and sutured to the rectal stump.

WARM SITZ BATH DOES NOT REDUCE SYMPTOMS IN POSTHAEMORRHOIDECTOMY PERIOD: A RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED STUDY

Warm water sitz bath is routinely recommended after anal surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of sitz bath with regards to pain scores, analgesic requirements and patient satisfaction ratings after haemorrhoidectomy. Fifty patients were randomly assigned to receive antibiotics and analgesics alone (control patients) or a twice-daily sitz bath along with identical antibiotics and analgesics (sitz bath group). Weekly pain score and patient satisfaction score were evaluated on visual analogue scores. The number of analgesic tablets consumed in each week was also assessed. There was no significant difference in age, gender distribution and the number of excised haemorrhoid piles between the two groups. No significant difference in postoperative mean pain score between groups (P = 0.234) was noticed. Likewise, no relevant differences in analgesic requirements between sitz bath and no sitz bath group (P = 0.435) were seen. The satisfaction score was higher in the sitz bath group when compared with the control group; however, it did not reach a statistically significant level. This study shows that sitz bath does not offer pain relief, wound healing or reduction in consumption of analgesics and thus there is no evidence to prescribe sitz bath in the post-haemorrhoidectomy period.

Hot water epilepsy: a video case report of a Caucasian toddler

We present the case report of a 13-month-old Caucasian toddler with symptoms of loss of consciousness, central cyanosis and uncontrolled movements of the upper limbs while taking a warm bath. The diagnosis of hot water epilepsy was supported by an ictal EEG. Hot water epilepsy, also known as bathing epilepsy or water-immersion epilepsy is, in the Caucasian population, a rare form of benign epilepsy, where seizures are provoked by immersion in a hot or even just a warm bath. This is the first comprehensive video publication of a seizure provoked by water-immersion in a Caucasian child. [Published with video sequences].

Manejo práctico de la hidrosadenitis supurativa

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory disease that usually affects areas of the skin with a high density of apocrine glands (axillae, groin, perianal and perineal regions, submammary area, etc). It usually appears in women during puberty. The etiology of the disease is unknown, although it is thought to be a primary defect of the hair follicle. When diagnosing hidradenitis suppurativa, a number of genetic and hormonal predisposing factors should be considered alongside other putative triggers, such as obesity, smoking, and tight clothing. Diagnosis is essentially clinical and it is important to bear in mind the possible complications associated with the disease, such as the development of tumors. Management of the disease includes general measures (antiseptic soaps, warm baths, etc), pharmacological therapy (topical, intralesional, and systemic), surgery (direct closure, second-intention healing, grafts, flaps, etc), and other measures (carbon dioxide laser, radiation therapy, etc). It is important that the disease be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible given the potential physical and psychological problems that it can generate.

Practical Management of Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory disease that usually affects areas of the skin with a high density of apocrine glands (axillae, groin, perianal and perineal regions, submammary area, etc). It usually appears in women during puberty. The etiology of the disease is unknown, although it is thought to be a primary defect of the hair follicle. When diagnosing hidradenitis suppurativa, a number of genetic and hormonal predisposing factors should be considered alongside other putative triggers, such as obesity, smoking, and tight clothing. Diagnosis is essentially clinical and it is important to bear in mind the possible complications associated with the disease, such as the development of tumors. Management of the disease includes general measures (antiseptic soaps, warm baths, etc), pharmacological therapy (topical, intralesional, and systemic), surgery (direct closure, second-intention healing, grafts, flaps, etc), and other measures (carbon dioxide laser, radiation therapy, etc). It is important that the disease be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible given the potential physical and psychological problems that it can generate.

A 32-kDa Tyrosine-phosphorylated Protein Shows a Protease-dependent Increase in Dead Boar Spermatozoa

Boar sperm TyrP32 is a 32-kDa tyrosine-phosphorylated protein that increases during the capacitation and acrosome reaction and during cryocapacitation. However, it is still unclear whether the increase in TyrP32 is an event that is limited to the process of sperm fertilization, including cryocapacitation. The aims of the present study were to demonstrate that TyrP32 is increased in dead spermatozoa after freeze-thawing without a cryoprotectant and to find the causal factors for this increase. Washed spermatozoa were resuspended in a salt solution and then frozen. The frozen samples were rapidly thawed in a warm water bath and then used for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)/Western blotting to detect TyrP32, SDS-PAGE/silver staining of sperm proteins and staining of acrosomal contents with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated peanut agglutinin (PNA). In the samples before freezing, TyrP32 was barely detectable, and the distribution of the acrosomal contents was normal in most spermatozoa. One cycle of freeze-thawing induced an increase in TyrP32, a decrease in major sperm proteins and disorder in the acrosomal contents. However, the addition of a protease inhibitor (APMSF, 1 mM) suppressed the increase in TyrP32 and the decrease in the major sperm proteins, although it did not have any influence on the disorder in the acrosomal contents. Additionally, the spermatozoa did not exhibit any flagellar movement after freeze-thawing, which showed that almost all of them were dead. These results indicate that TyrP32 can show a protease-dependent increase in dead spermatozoa after freeze-thawing without a cryoprotectant even though the dead spermatozoa do not undergo cryocapacitation.

Clean: a history of personal hygiene and purity

CLEAN is a history of the ideas and practices of personal cleansing and purity. It starts with world and Eurasian history, then focuses on Europe and finally, Britain. It takes a multidimensional and multi-temporal view of historical change, arguing that our universal bio-physical or animal cleansing mechanisms and grooming behaviour were gradually overlaid, on the different continents, by the human social history that began to emerge in the late Neolithic period. A developing culture and technology of cleansing can be found in the very early history of domestic habits, the early history of luxurious cosmetic adornments, the history of religious ascetic philosophy, and in later Greco-Roman medical science. In Europe after the fall of Rome, these different strands of thought and activity were resurrected via neo-classical science and health education, and \(in England\) via a radical Protestant, puritan, interpretation of physiology that underlaid the ‘gospel of cleanliness’ r eform movements in the 19th century. Cosmetic beauty care had a more chequered career, in the face of ascetic disapproval, but the skin-cleansing warm bath finally became widely available in the mid 19th century. The microbiological and macrobiological sciences of hygiene were fully incorporated into personal and public health-care during the first half of the twentieth century\; but as the MRSA outbreaks show, old-style hygienic technology is still required, while the so-called ‘hygiene theory’ suggests it may be possible to be too clean for our own good. The moral psychology of hygiene suffered an ideological post-war eclipse after the puritanical eugenics of Nazism, but has since been embraced by the global public in new forms – personal health regimes, green pollution ecology, food purity scares and ascetic religious fundamentalism. Meanwhile cosmetic care is one of the fastest-expanding areas of investment in the late 20th-early 21st century luxury trades.