Opinion differences between veterans and nonveterans among American men over age 21 in 1974-75 were investigated with data from three national cross-sectional surveys. The 37 dependent variables were classified into five issue areas: military affect, government affect, international affairslcosmopolitanism, authoritarianism-related, and violence-related. Veteran status was positively related to expression of favorable opinions about military (confidence excepted) when effects of age and were partialled out, but was not consistently related to opinions in other four issue areas, with or without controls, or for World War II-era and Vietnam-era respondents. Hence, except for military-related opinions, data do not indicate enduring effects of military service in terms of systematic and significant opinion differences between veterans and nonveterans. In their investigation of the enduring effects of education, Hyman et al. consistently found that did have enduring effects on increased knowledge, awareness of events, and like among American adults. Similarly, a review of evidence on effects of on attitudes led Stephens and Long to conclude that education promotes enlightenment; enlightenment promotes liberalism (17). The present account considers another factor in socialization experiences of American adults, military experience. One of effects of both wars and of maintenance of a peacetime military force is that a sizeable proportion of men pass through armed forces during early adulthood. Given that dominant orientation of military life is a bit different from that of civilian life1 and in view of training that new military personnel are likely to receive (see Eisenhart), it is reasonable to ask whether persons who have had military experience are attitudinally different from those who have not. If so, it could be said that military services had enduring effects on their veterans.2 In line with socialization into military, it could be expected, for instance, that veterans would differ from nonveterans in being more authoritarian (as suggested by Roghmann and Sodeur), more pro-military in attitudes, and more inclined to favor tough or violent solutions to disagreements (both