Warehouse Building Research Articles

Analysis and Design of Pre-Engineered Industrial Warehouse Building with Different Standard

Over the years, pre-engineered building (PEB) has emerged as a sustainable alternative to conventional concrete construction as well as conventional steel construction. In this paper, pre-engineered industrial warehouse building will be design with different codal provision using software Staadpro and analyzed with different loads on building i.e. dead load, live load, collateral load, wind load and load combinations on building .The main objective of this study to find the optimum weight of steel quantity in building with use of different country codel provision .

A Waste Heat Assessment of a Manufacturing Facility With Consideration for Demand Matching Through Thermal Energy Storage

Abstract A waste heat assessment of a manufacturing facility was conducted. A physical survey identified potential waste heat sources. For these sources, the temporal fluctuations in temperature and flowrate, and the frequency of occurrence of the waste heat, were determined from measurements, calculations, and company records. The energy and exergy of the waste heat were calculated. The total annual waste heat is 36.5 TJ of energy, which represents 0.84 TJ of exergy. The boiler, plant vacuums, and chiller comprise 96% of the energy rejected and are the major contributors to the rejected exergy. Using the waste heat for space heating is evaluated. Based on fuel consumption in the boiler, the annual energy for space heating is estimated at 8.5 TJ. Theoretically, waste heat from the boiler flue, polypropylene dryers, and plant vacuums could meet up to 39% of this energy without storage. Simply allowing the vacuum exhausts to cool in the building could theoretically meet up to 27%. Models are developed to investigate using waste heat recovery and thermal energy storage (TES) to provide space heating for a prototype warehouse building, and estimates for the initial costs of the recovery system are developed. Modeling indicates that TES is highly beneficial for matching short-term demand fluctuations and for smoothing the temporal oscillations in the waste heat. A nine-month heating season is simulated to determine the fraction of the load met by the recovery system. A small amount of thermal storage, e.g., 12.5–25% of daily waste heat, improved the fraction of demand that could be met. Larger sizes had diminishing returns and significantly increased the initial cost and payback period. To reduce initial cost, a refined recovery system design that uses a TES as an intermediate and for storage is proposed. The study highlights the need to consider fluctuations in the waste heat supply and sink demand, for thermal storage, and to identify relatively simple modifications to recover waste heat.

Optimizing Warehouse Building Design for Simultaneous Revenue Generation and Carbon Reduction in Taiwan: A Fuzzy Nonlinear Multi-Objective Approach

Optimizing Warehouse Building Design for Simultaneous Revenue Generation and Carbon Reduction in Taiwan: A Fuzzy Nonlinear Multi-Objective Approach

Design of Active Fire Protection System for Warehouse Buildings Using NFPA and Indonesian National Standard (SNI)

In the operational conduct of a company, especially those relating to the storage of materials and goods in warehouses, the occupational health and safety OHS) aspects are critical factors that cannot be neglected. Fire was one of the consequences of a non-standard OHS application. The purpose of this research was to provide a proposal for the design of fire protection systems in the Archives and Documents Company, which are light fire extinguishers, sprinkler systems, hydrants, and reservoirs. This research method is observational-descriptive. In conceptual planning, layout, and coordination with the company, the researchers directly perform observations on the PT Archives and Documents to analyze and identify the deficiencies of fire protection equipment owned by the associated companies. ADC requires a total of 9 light fire extinguishers, 192 sprinkler points, 6 hydrants, and a reservoir size of 343,000 liters as a fire protection system according to the National Fire Protection Association standards (NFPA). All buildings that are occupied by humans and have a risk of fire must be equipped with fire protection. for future research in the field of fire safety research to design an emergency response plan for a building by simulating it with advanced technology. By implementing the proposed fire protection, the Company can prevent fire and spread of fire more widely

АНАЛИЗ ОТЧЕТОВ ПО РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМ РАСЧЕТОВ ПОЖАРНЫХ РИСКОВ НА ОБЪЕКТЫ ЗАЩИТЫ ПРИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ СУДЕБНЫХ ПОЖАРНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ ЭКСПЕРТИЗ ПО КРУПНЫМ РЕЗОНАНСНЫМ ПОЖАРАМ В ХОДЕ УГОЛОВНОГО И АРБИТРАЖНОГО ПРОЦЕССА

The most important aspects affecting the analysis of reports on the results of fire risk calculations performed in the framework of the preparation of special technical specifications and design documentation for warehouse facilities are considered. The analysis was performed during the forensic fire and technical investigations of fires in warehouse buildings, including those with the installed multi-tier mezzanines. The fragments of calculations included in the special technical conditions are studied and provided below. Measures aimed at improving the quality of risk calculations are proposed.

Determination of the Efficiency of Steel Structures of a Warehouse Building Roof

Purpose. The main purpose of this article is to compare the main technical and economic indicators of two proposed structural variants of steel coverings for a class B+ warehouse building in the city of Dnipro. The relevance of the work is related to the constant increase in the volume and pace of freight transportation both globally and in Ukraine, especially in recent years. This requires the creation of new and expansion of existing warehouses of various types. In turn, this leads to the need to create such load-bearing structures for storage areas that would be able to cover significant spans and at the same time ensure minimal costs for their construction and operation. Methodology. To achieve this goal, we analyzed modern classifications of warehouse buildings according to national standards and international approaches, determined the class of the building in question according to these two methods, and developed two structural options for steel roofing - based on a load-bearing beam in the form of a truss truss and based on a beam-frame scheme. Finite element models for both proposed structural options were built using the domestic design complex Lira-CAD. Based on the analysis of their stress-strain state, rational cross-sections were selected for each design option, and the total weight and cost were calculated. Findings. A comparative analysis of the two developed structural solutions for the steel roof of a warehouse building revealed that the variant with the use of a beam-frame system has about 10% less weight and cost. Also, its manufacturability is higher than that of the truss system. Originality. As a result of the numerical analysis, a more rational and efficient design solution for the steel roof of a warehouse building in the city of Dnipro was theoretically substantiated. Practical value. A constructive variant of the steel coating has been developed and proposed for practical implementation, which, in terms of its technical and economic indicators, is the most effective for the conditions of a modern industrial enterprise. Also, the developed constructive variant of the warehouse building is classified in accordance with domestic and international modern approaches.

Evaluation of heterogeneous core sandwich panels for energy efficiency and fire safety in warehouse buildings

Sandwich panels are extensively used in the construction industry because of their superior thermal insulation performance and ease of installation. However, panels with combustible cores are prone to fire, whereas those with mineral-based cores exhibit lower thermal insulation capabilities. Therefore, to address these limitations, this study proposed a composite core approach to enhance both fire resistance and thermal insulation performance. A surface layer incorporated phenolic foam (PF), which fulfilled the fire resistance requirements and delivered excellent thermal insulation properties, and 30–40 mm of glass wool (GW) and mineral wool (MW) with exceptional fire resistance were applied. The heterogeneous core sandwich panels exhibited excellent flame-retardant performance, with a maximum peak heat release rate of 0.712 kW/m2 and a total heat release of 0.18 MJ/m2. This satisfied the semi-non-combustible flame retardancy level and ensured sufficient time for residents to evacuate safely. Moreover, based on its low thermal transmittance of 0.114–0.125 W/m2·K, when applied to warehouse-type buildings, heating energy consumption was reduced by approximately 10 % compared to sandwich panels based on inorganic core GW and MW. Heterogeneous core sandwich panels can exhibit excellent flame retardancy and thermal performance owing to the use of inorganic materials and PF, respectively.

Exploring Ethnomathematics to Gayasan Tobacco Warehouse at Jember, East Java, Indonesia

Ethnomathematics which link culture with community activities, certainly has characteristics that support each other with mathematical concepts. Ethnomathematics is mathematics practiced by specific cultural groups in society. This study examines the mathematical concepts in the Gayasan tobacco warehouse building in Jenggawah District, Jember Regency. In the study, researchers used qualitative descriptive research with an ethnographic approach. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques are done through data reduction, presentation, analysis, and exposure. The results showed that in the Gayasan tobacco warehouse, Jenggawah District, Jember Regency, there are mathematical concepts that will be studied further in the future. The author focuses on applying geometric concepts such as building flat, building space, lines, angles, number patterns, congruence, and awakening in research. Each longkang is bordered with bamboos that function as poles, also known as "longkang sides," which have different distances and are arranged into a pattern of numbers. The conclusion is that the structure of tobacco warehouses contains mathematical concepts such as number patterns, angles, flat builds, space builds, lines, congruents, and awakening

VISUALISASI METODE PELAKSANAAN PEKERJAAN PELAT RAMP PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG WAREHOUSE DEPOK

The Project of Depok Warehouse Building Construction is located at JL. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, KM. 35, Jatijajar, Depok City, West Java, 16415. The project of Depok Warehouse Building is built on a land area of 38,000 m2, with a building area of 24,000 m2. The Depok Warehouse Building has 8 floors, consisting of 5 floors for the building area and 3 mezzanine floors used for offices. PT. Depok Logistik Properti is the owner of the project, PT. Trimatra Jasa Prakarsa as the construction management, PT. Gistama Intisemesta as the planning consultant, and PT. Total Persada Indonesia as the main contractor. The type of contract used is a lump sum with a contract value of Rp 350,000,000,000. The planned duration of the Warehouse Building Construction project is 670 days. Research made on the field include upper structure works such as column, beam, floor slab, and ramp slab. The stages of the implementation method for the ramp Truck Plate Work start from preparation, marking, reinforcement fabrication, reinforcement installation, concrete decking installation, reinforcement checklist, formwork installation, verticality test, casting, formwork removal, and concrete curing.

Replacement fire protection solutions for a pick tower building - case study

Polish construction law and technical and building regulations allow for deviations from the requirements with appropriate alternative solutions. Modern buildings often require an individual approach due to the fact that the current regulations do not keep up with the constantly emerging modern technical solutions. This requires the development of engineering design documentation in the form of a technical opinion on the state of fire protection, prepared by building and fire protection experts. This documentation, previously agreed with the locally competent Regional Fire Chief of the State Fire Service, is submitted through the local building authority to the Minister responsible for construction issues. The subject of the article is the development of a justified set of alternative solutions for a warehouse building equipped with pick tower racks. Modern computer methods, simulations of evacuation, smoke extraction and construction were used to justify the solutions used. Determination of the mutual influence of the applied solutions on the expected level of fire safety allowed to confirm the validity of the adopted design concept. As a result, a complete fire protection concept was obtained, which, after its application to the documentation of the construction project, will allow safe use of the building. The analyzed building was implemented in Poland and, using the described fire safety concept, passed all stages of the investment process.

Numerical investigation of the thermal efficiency of a multi-nozzle air curtain doorway under different wind conditions

Loading gate openings cause thermal inefficiency due to the substitution of indoor–outdoor air in cold seasons, and as a consequence, escalating energy consumption of warehouse buildings or unloading docks. Research findings have demonstrated that air infiltration/exfiltration through open doors results in the loss of a quarter of annual heating loads in buildings. Air curtains have shown a bright and promising future to compensate for the infiltration rate through the door opening, however, the most prior investigations were allocated to the jet planar air curtains and as yet there is a gap in the literature for other modified air curtain devices, including multi-nozzle air curtains (MNAC) with higher induction and resistance against the strong frontal winds, especially for gates higher than 4.27 m of installation height. Hence, in this work, designed MNAC with various configurations (i.e. large nozzles, small nozzles and holes) and installed on a warehouse loading gate was first characterized using the validated numerical turbulence model, SST (k−ω), to solve governing equations. The validate model is then used to evaluate the MNAC thermal efficiency, using the sensible energy gained by the inside zone, under various outside temperatures (−5, −10, −20, and −30∘C), and two wind conditions (i.e. with and without a front wind as recommended by ASHRAE (2010)). While the air curtains demonstrated limitations in fully controlling the infiltration rate during extremely cold and windy conditions, the results indicate that the MNAC systems have obtained thermal efficiency values higher up to 10% when compared to conventional planar air jets.

Translational analysis of data science and causal learning in real-world clinical evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine

Abstract Real-world clinical evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine (RWCE-TCM) is a method for comprehensively evaluating the clinical effects of TCM, with the aim of delving into the causality between TCM intervention and clinical outcomes. The study explored data science and causal learning methods to transform RWD into reliable real-world evidence, aiming to provide an innovative approach for RWCE-TCM. This study proposes a 10-step data science methodology to address the challenges posed by diverse and complex data in RWCE-TCM. The methodology involves several key steps, including data integration and warehouse building, high-dimensional feature selection, the use of interpretable statistical machine learning algorithms, complex networks, and graph network analysis, knowledge mining techniques such as natural language processing and machine learning, observational study design, and the application of artificial intelligence tools to build an intelligent engine for translational analysis. The goal is to establish a method for clinical positioning, applicable population screening, and mining the structural association of TCM characteristic therapies. In addition, the study adopts the principle of real-world research and a causal learning method for TCM clinical data. We constructed a multidimensional clinical knowledge map of “disease-syndrome-symptom-prescription-medicine” to enhance our understanding of the diagnosis and treatment laws of TCM, clarify the unique therapies, and explore information conducive to individualized treatment. The causal inference process of observational data can address confounding bias and reduce individual heterogeneity, promoting the transformation of TCM RWD into reliable clinical evidence. Intelligent data science improves efficiency and accuracy for implementing RWCE-TCM. The proposed data science methodology for TCM can handle complex data, ensure high-quality RWD acquisition and analysis, and provide in-depth insights into clinical benefits of TCM. This method supports the intelligent translation and demonstration of RWD in TCM, leads the data-driven translational analysis of causal learning, and innovates the path of RWCE-TCM.

The History of the Greek Refugee Hospital of the Interwar Period in a General Hospital of Nikaia "Agios Panteleimon".

The Asia Minor Catastrophe caused the uprooting of thousands of Greeks from Asia Minor and their arrival in Greece. Especially in the areas around Piraeus, there was a large settlement of refugee populations. During that period, a small hospital was created, the "American Women's Hospital," by an initiative of the "American Women's Union," with the aim of treating and caring for suffering refugees. Within a decade, the hospital expanded and became a general hospital. In 1934, after the departure of the "American Women's Service" from Greece, it was renamed "Refugee Hospital of Nea Kokkinia," and then a year later (1935), it was renamed again to "Protypo Laiko Iatreio" (Model Public Clinic). In 1939, the construction of a larger hospital in Nea Kokkinia began. During World War II, the hospital managed to respond to the difficult conditions of the period and was renamed "General Hospital of Piraeus, Saporta Warehouse Building." After the war, in 1953, it was renamed to General Hospital of Piraeus "Queen Frederika." In 1986, it was renamed to Regional General Hospital of Nikaia "Damon Vassileiou" in honor of the Professor of Medicine of the University of Athens Damon Vassileiou who was one of the greatest Greek doctors. In 2001, it was renamed again to its current name General Hospital of Nikaia "Agios Panteleimon," becoming one of the largest hospitals in the Balkans.

PERENCANAAN INSTALASI LISTRIK GEDUNG WAREHOUSE PT. XYZ SEMARANG JAWA TENGAH

Warehouse Building PT. XYZ at Semarang Central Java is a building place for keeping logistics owned by the company with a large area. There is also buildings' support in it so that required system installation suitable electricity with applicable standards such as PUIL 2011 and other standards in the field of electricity. The main electricity supply uses a source from PLN, and the generator is set as a backup source when electricity from PLN is dead. Plan installation at PT. XYZ Warehouse building, namely the installation of lighting, socket installation, air conditioning installation, electronics installation, installation of rolling door, installation of local government fire pump, and installation of clean water transfer pump. There are LVMDP panels, SDP panels, and subpanels as supply power for the installation that will be installed. Breaker rating selection power and dimensions cable delivery person who will use will affect on reliability network installation. Calculation of CRC will influence election breaker power, cable diameter selection delivery, and drop the voltage to happen on the network installation. The calculation was conducted manually. With more formerly collected load data equipment electricity at PT. XYZ Semarang and classification distribution system split panel installation, SDP panel, and LVMDP panel. The total load installed on the PT. XYZ Semarang Warehouse building is known as 318,406 VA or 318 kVA so the needed splicing power from PLN using customer of 329 kVA with use transformer with 400 kVA capacity and required generator set capacity of 400 kVA. The load on the LVMDP panel is 254,725 watts with KHA 569 A, so using MCCB with a rating of 630 A, using cable 7 x NYY 1c x 185 mm 2 with drop voltage 7.47 Volts or by 1.96% on the network 3 phase system. By PUIL 2011 standard decline voltage maximum of 4% so that the drop in the voltage on the LVMDP panel is still by the required standard.

Building Licence Assistance (PBG) for Warehouse building in Banjar Regency Warehousing Complex

Building Licences or abbreviated as PBG is a permit given from the local government to the owner of the building to build a new building, change, expand, reduce, and maintain the building in accordance with the technical standards of the building. This activity aims to assist building/warehouse owners to obtain building permits that have not completed the technical drawing document requirements. This activity took place for 6 days on Monday 18-23 December 2023. The method used is by surveying the warehouse to be able to make raw data such as surveying building plans, pole sizes and other things that are considered important to complete the drawing requirements. Then make the requirements for the completeness of the required documents in the form of architectural and structural technical drawings. Based on the results of the PBG assistance, the drawings produced are in accordance with the request of the Banjar district government regulations, namely 8 sheets of architectural technical drawings and 10 sheets of structural technical drawings. This activity is expected to make it important to complete the document requirements in the form of drawings and others before starting the construction process.

Evaluation of the performance of bituminous geomembranes (BGMs) as vapour barriers

Vapour barriers (VBs) are essential in maintaining the indoor air quality of home basements or industrial facilities, especially when subsurface contamination poses a risk to human health. It is of utmost importance that the material installed as VB has the capacity to prevent contaminant migration into the indoor air space and reduce its concentration to an acceptable limit. Bituminous geomembranes (BGMs) have been used as contaminant barriers in spite of the gap in research regarding the permeation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through BGMs. This study examines the performance of a 4.1mm thick elastomeric BGM as a diffusive barrier to four commonly found VOCs; benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), utilizing computer modelling of contaminant migration from a contaminated soil source to a hypothetical warehouse building constructed on a brownfield site. The effectiveness of BGM in preventing vapour intrusion is evaluated based on its capacity to keep the indoor air concentration of the contaminant below the recommended exposure limits (RELs). Based on the modelling results, the BGM can be expected to perform as a very efficient VB for the simulated warehouse if quality control can be ensured during installation. This modelling approach can be adopted to investigate BGMs’ performance in different remediated site scenarios to make scope for a robust decision-making process regarding the construction and the engineering control requirements.

Sustainable planning and design for eco-industrial parks using integrated multi-objective optimization and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process

ABSTRACT The increasing growth of industrial facilities calls for sustainable planning and design. In this research, the multiple objective optimization model is developed to plan for Eco-Industrial Parks, in which economic, social, and environmental criteria are evaluated. Our proposed optimization model is integrated with the simulation-based risk profile based on emergency scenarios. Varied chemical substances and explosive locations are further analyzed to assess the impact of risk. Then, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process technique is applied to examine uncertain decisions. Next, this study presents the proposed model with the case study of selective industrial-building types in an industrial park, in which industrial plants, hazardous material plants, warehouse buildings, and office space are included. Our analysis reveals that tradeoffs exist in designing an industrial estate with various industrial plants under conflicting objectives. Finally, tradeoffs are investigated using Pareto analysis resulting in sustainable planning for an industrial estate.

Study into the efficiency of additive infrared heating of industrial buildings in areas with low outside temperatures

Heating of industrial buildings is a complex and labor-consuming task requiring major financial investments. The complexity of this task grows in the case of large-size construction objects and strict requirements to their reliability, economic performance, and energy efficiency. The problem is even more complicated in those Russian regions, where low temperatures remain for a longer period of time. Significant financial investments are caused by the wear and obsolescence of the existing heating systems, leading to enormous heat losses. Due to the large size of the considered property types, it is difficult to select heating equipment that could provide the required temperatures inside the building while meeting all the aforementioned requirements. The solution can be found in the currently popular industrial infrared heaters, which provide both uniform heating of the building or room in question under significant energy savings. The application of infrared heaters as the main heating system equipment makes it possible to organize zonal (additive) heating of buildings of any type and purpose allowing different air temperatures even inside a single room. In this paper, a numerical study of the efficiency of additive heating systems with gas infrared emitters was carried out using a warehouse building as an example. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, the economic justification of the proposed technical solution was provided.

Non-domestic building stock: linking dynamics and spatial distributions

In contrast to domestic buildings, the drivers influencing the stock dynamics (construction subtracted by demolition) of non-domestic buildings (NDB) have not yet been researched on a use-class basis. For the first time, due to elaborated data sets on construction and demolition of NDB in Germany, an in-depth analysis of causal relationships is provided at a subnational level. This paper investigates the cause–effect relationships between influencing variables and stock dynamics of the three quantitatively most relevant use classes of the German NDB stock: office buildings, industrial buildings and warehouses. Influencing variables on the development of the stock were first identified by means of expert interviews. Regions with high construction dynamics were identified. Within these highly dynamic regions, construction activity was correlated with influencing variables. A principal component analysis was used to examine the explanatory power of underlying, use-class-specific components of the variable set. The results show the particular importance of employment-related variables. They combine demographic, economic and wealth-related influences and allow for a distinction to be made in relation to functional non-domestic-use classes. For the first time, this confirms that different use classes of NDB are characterised by different influencing variables, and that these variables recur to uncorrelated overarching drivers. Practice relevance This study identifies the drivers of NDB stock dynamics. These drivers can be used to estimate future changes of the NDB stock on different scales. The linkages to specific use-class drivers allow new understandings of stock dynamics for office, industrial and warehouse buildings at a regional level. This has potential application to circular economy approaches as the results of this research can be applied at city levels. This study can provide a clearer understanding of future construction material volumes and their respective recycling capacities. The same is applicable for research on stock-driven land demand. This study can contribute to the broader discussion on the future development of the non-residential building stock and the resulting environmental impacts due to land use, energy and material consumption or CO2 emissions.

Аналитическая методика обоснования оптимальной периодичности плановых проверок противопожарного состояния производственных и складских зданий

The purpose of the work is to analyze the statistical information about fires to establish the dependence of the number of fires in the industrial and warehouse buildings on the frequency of scheduled inspections and, on this basis, to develop a methodology for justifying the optimal frequency of scheduled inspections of their fire safety status by the federal state fire supervision authorities of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. For the first time, the mathematical models were obtained to determine the number of fires at industrial and warehouse protection facilities depending on the time elapsed since the last inspection, as well as to determine the number of fires at these protection facilities depending on the frequency of their scheduled inspections. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time, on a scientific basis, an original method for substantiating the optimal frequency of scheduled fire safety inspections of industrial and warehouse protection facilities was developed and tested. The data obtained allows to substantiate on a scientific basis: the optimal frequency of scheduled inspections of the fire safety condition of industrial and warehouse buildings; the belonging of these objects of protection to the appropriate risk category, depending on the required frequency of their scheduled inspection; the required number of personnel of the federal state fire supervision bodies of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for timely and high-quality inspection of the supervised protection objects. The results of the work also make it possible to justify the need to amend the Regulations on the Federal State Fire Supervision, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 12, 2012, № 290, in terms of establishing an alternative method to the Federal Law dated July 31, 2020, № 248-FZ for justifying the frequency of scheduled control (supervision) activities in relation to the objects of control and their assignment to the appropriate risk category.