Warehouse Area Research Articles

Investigation of some issues of automation of elements of terminal complexes for transshipment of large-capacity containers

The topic of the work is the study of the reasons for increasing the efficiency of the use of marine container transportation in the entire supply chain. It is noted that the increase in their efficiency is explained by the possibility of transporting various types of cargo, the speed of handling vehicles, as well as the compactness of storage and safety of cargo. The problem of increasing ship capacity on the terms of shipping companies, which currently exists and is being solved by container terminal operators, has been formulated, which allows minimizing the time of ships parking in the port for processing, which in turn can be achieved by increasing the capacity of ships. Attention is drawn to the fact that reducing costs by increasing the efficiency of lifting and transport equipment stimulates investments in automation systems for almost all terminal operations, and in particular in lifting and transport equipment systems. It is emphasized that the automation process of container terminals differs depending on the task at hand (a new project is being considered or work is being carried out to automate an existing terminal). The implementation of automation at existing terminals is a more difficult task due to the problems of compatibility with the types of activities performed and resistance to ongoing changes, which primarily involve systematic and repetitive technological processes that can be programmed. Attention is drawn to the fact that container terminals use the latest operating systems to control and optimize the movement of containers inside the warehouse area (in particular, they are used at terminals where gantry cranes on a pneumatic (RTG) and on a rail (RMG) are used), and it is also emphasized that when working with RTG technology gantry cranes on a pneumatic vehicle are equipped with sensors connected to satellite positioning systems, which are located on the terminal area and on wheeled carts and are brought to the place of cargo operation by signals from the control room, at the same time, the dock operator controls only when lowering or lifting the container. Such information systems are also used on terminals operating using RMG technology. It is noted that automation of berthing container cranes is currently under development, since the complexity of its implementation lies in the fact that during pitching the vessel has a roll and a deflector, therefore, when moving it, it is difficult to determine the exact location of the container and the alignment of the spreader horizon with the container horizon, as a result, the guidance process? It requires additional time, which leads to a decrease in work productivity.

Complex network analysis for accident causes modelling to enhance process safety in chemical enterprises

AbstractHazardous chemicals often cause catastrophic accidents, and accidents often result from intricate interactions among various causes. Due to the varying risk factors in different areas of chemical enterprises, to achieve more precise prevention, a more detailed study of the accident risk factors in each area is necessary. Therefore, this study focuses on analyzing critical accident causes and their interrelationships in different functional areas of chemical enterprises to enhance process safety by using a complex network model. Based on 90 accident information, complex network models are constructed for hazardous chemical warehouse areas (HCWAs), tank farm areas (TFAs), and production areas (PAs). Subsequently, a topological analysis of the complex network models is conducted. Based on the PageRank algorithm, 13 critical nodes are identified for HCWAs, while 14 for TFAs and 13 for PAs. Node degree analysis with confidence quantifies mutual influences, forming critical accident causal links for each area. The research results offer decision support for precise accident risk control, aiding in reducing future accidents and improving process system safety in chemical enterprises.

Statistical analysis of the efficiency of customs warehouses use when applying customs regimes during the period of martial law in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the comparative characteristics of the organization of storage of goods in customs warehouses under the «customs warehouse» regime. A general scientific method of comparison was used to identify disparities between the volumes of customs payment receipts in the regional section by individual customs offices. An algorithm for determining the maximum term of storage of goods in a customs warehouse depending on the applied customs regime has been built. The grouping of customs offices by the area of customs warehouses in terms of their types was carried out on the basis of the register of enterprises that were granted permission to open and operate customs warehouses for 2022–2023. The possible options for placement of goods in the current customs warehouses at the customs of Ukraine are given, which allowed establishing the specialization of customs by types of customs warehouses. A statistical analysis of the structure and dynamics of customs payments by customs in 2021 and 2022 was carried out, which made it possible to determine the most effective and ineffective customs in terms of revenue to the State Budget of Ukraine. The comparative characteristics of the normative regulation of the order of organization of storage of goods in the customs warehouse under the conditions of the «customs warehouse» regime and other customs regimes in accordance with the Customs Code of Ukraine are given. It was put forward to test the hypothesis that one of the important factors affecting the receipt of customs payments to the State Budget of Ukraine is the area of customs warehouses. The coefficient of determination was applied as a method of correlation-regression analysis, which confirmed the existence of a significant relationship between the area of customs warehouses and expected customs payments to the State Budget of Ukraine. It has been established that among the factors affecting the receipt of customs payments, 38 percent is accounted for by the area of customs warehouses, and 62 percent by other factors.

Analisis Penataan Gudang dan Tumpukan Pada Gudang Barang Setengah Jadi PT.Integra Indocabinet.Tbk

The main objective of arranging the warehouse layout is to find the most appropriate method so that the movement of goods in the warehouse runs smoothly. Apart from that, the aim of setting the warehouse layout is also to maximize the warehouse area so that the costs of handling activities remain low. Stacks of goods in the warehouse are stacked with a maximum height of 700 cm and above or approximately 7 items stacked in one pile. If these items continue to be stacked using 7 stacks and above, it can cause many defects to occur. This defect occurs because there are too many items piled up. The pile of items should be stacked with a maximum of 5 piles and above. Therefore, defects that occur can cause delays in delivery times and result in large costs experienced due to these defects

EFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT OF SOME DANUBE PORTS BY USING DEA WINDOW ANALYSIS

The aim of this paper is to empirically assess the efficiency / inefficiency of five Danube ports in five neighbouring countries and to observe how it evolves over an eight-year period ranging from 2014 to 2021. The five ports are located on the lower course of the Danube River and are the most important in their states: Smederevo (Serbia), Ruse (Bulgaria), Galați (Romania), Giurgiulești (Moldova), and Izmail (Ukraine). The study uses a mixed-method, namely the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) window analysis method and Andersen and Petersenʼs super-efficiency model to evaluate the efficiency of these ports over time. Port efficiency analysis is based on a single output, i.e. the cargo throughput, and four inputs: the total port area, the total area of warehouses, the quay length, and the number of cranes. It was determined that none of the five ports analysed reaches the maximum efficiency of 1.000, their average efficiency being quite low, only 0.631. The highest average efficiency is recorded by the Serbian port of Smederevo, with 0.768, this port being found to make good use of its resources for production. On the other extreme, the Bulgarian port of Ruse was found to be the least efficient port, obtaining the lowest average efficiency over an eight-year period, with only 0.360. The study tries to capture the causes of the inefficiency of selected ports and propose some measures to improve their efficiency.

Analysis of Value Stream Mapping (VSM) in the Application of Lean Manufacturing to Minimize Waste at PT. Karya Indah Medika

Achievements to minimize waste can be done by adopting a Lean manufacturing approach. Lean manufacturing is a concept that can design production processes to be better, faster, and cheaper with minimal space, small inventory, small labor hours, and avoid waste. This research takes the case study of PT Karya Indah Medika which is a company engaged in manufacturing to produce medical devices, medical device service services, and medical device installation. In the company there is still waste, especially in unnecessary movements and product defects. This study aims to identify waste that occurs in the company and provide recommendations for improvements in order to minimize waste and obtain optimal production time. Value stream mapping is used to describe all processes in the company. The results showed that the initial production time of 17 hours 18 minutes could be reduced to 1 hour 55 minutes. Based on the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) it is known that the root cause of the problem in the highest waste is workers in a hurry so they are not thorough in working with a Risk Priority Number (RPN) score of 294, lack of materials needed for production, placement of tools that are not in accordance with production needs and a warehouse area that is less extensive by 216.

Analysis of PVC-based Product Inventory Control with Economic Production Quantity and Lagrange Multiplier Methods at PT. XYZ

PT XYZ is a manufacturing company that produces various kinds of products made from PVC (Polyvynil Chloride). Some of the PVC-based products produced by PT XYZ are transparent sheet, colour sheet, and flooring. The problem that exists at PT XYZ is that the company often produces more than the amount of demand which makes the company have to prepare a storage warehouse with a capacity as large as the number of products produced. With this, the storage warehouse experiences overcapaity in controlling the inventory of products produced by the company. And it can be concluded that the problem that occurs at PT XYZ is inventory control and production quantity planning that has not been well planned. Based on the problems that occur at PT XYZ, the most suitable method used to solve these problems is the Lagrange Multiplier method. This research has a purpose to control the inventory of products made from PVC so as to minimize the total cost of product inventory at PT. XYZ. From the research This study found the optimal production amount of 1,332,999 m. Where with the amount of production, the company needs a warehouse area of 9,299.9 m3. The total inventory cost calculated using the Lagrange Multiplier method is IDR 377,073,841,401 while the company's total inventory cost is IDR 402,844,596,680. So that a savings of IDR 25,770,755,279 or 6.40% is obtained.

Spare parts warehouse re-layout design with kaizen 5S implementation to reduce wasted time searching for machine parts

Increasing the productivity and efficiency of production machines cannot be separated from the availability of machine spare parts in the warehouse department. Delays in the delivery of spare parts if machine problems occur often become a problem that disrupts efficiency. This delay was caused by the search for engine spare parts in the warehouse taking too long to find. The long search time was caused by the irregular placement of the materials and the messy condition of the warehouse. This research aims to make improvements to the goods search process to make it faster and more effective in the warehouse area and increase warehouse capacity using warehouse re-layout. This research method uses the implementation of warehouse re-layouts combined with the application of Kaizen 5S in controlling the condition of machine spare parts. This research found that the reason for the long search time for machine spare parts was due to the lack of knowledge of warehouse operators and the absence of training regarding the application of the 5S method, as well as the careless placement of spare parts in warehouses that were not neatly arranged. This research has resulted in a reduction in search time for engine spare parts from 6.4 minutes to 4 minutes per spare part unit or a decrease of 36.5%. Meanwhile, the results of the warehouse re-layout resulted in an increase in warehouse capacity from 80 pallets to 316 pallets, an increase of 395%.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM WAREHOUSE BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI OCR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIVITAS DAN EFISIENSI

PERANCANGAN SISTEM WAREHOUSE BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI OCR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIVITAS DAN EFISIENSI

Cost efficiency analysis of logistics and warehouse business

Cost efficiency is a key focus in various aspects of a company's operational activities, and the supply chain plays an important role in achieving this goal. To better understand how the supply chain may affect cost-effectiveness, this study examines just-in-time, total quality management, and performance measurement systems in the context of Kosambi Warehouse Area, Tangerang, which involves collecting primary and secondary data using a quantitative approach. A total of 138 respondents were selected using a simple random sampling technique. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The findings demonstrate that just-in-time has a negative and significant effect on cost efficiency. However, total quality management has a positive and significant influence on cost efficiency. The performance measurement system has a positive and significant influence on cost efficiency.

ИНВЕНТАРИЗАЦИЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ УЧАСТКОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ГЕОДЕЗИЧЕСКОГО ОБОСНОВАНИЯ КОМПЛЕКСНЫХ КАДАСТРОВЫХ РАБОТ СЕЛА БАЙКАЛОВО СВЕРДЛОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

In this paper, the analysis of the results of cadastral works on the sections of the map of the village of Baykalovo is carried out. Cadastral work includes topographic and geodetic measurements, land assessment and cadastral planning. Geoinformation systems and specialized programs were used for the analysis. It is shown that residential buildings and a warehouse area prevail on the map sections. Digitized sections of the map were used for data analysis. The analysis of the correspondence of these cadastral documents to the actual situation on the ground was carried out. It is shown that the analysis of the results of cadastral works is an important tool for identifying errors and inaccuracies in cadastral data. In addition, the data and the difference in the areas of different zones on the map sections are presented. These data allow us to assess the differences between the actual characteristics of the objects and the data recorded in the cadastral documents.

Measurement Method of Bar Unmanned Warehouse Area Based on Binocular Vision

With the development of Industry 4.0 and the implementation of the 14th Five-Year Plan, intelligent manufacturing has become a significant trend in the steel industry, which can propel the steel industry toward a more intelligent, efficient, and sustainable direction. At present, the operation mode of unmanned warehouse area for slabs and coils has become relatively mature, while the positioning accuracy requirement of bars is getting more stringent because they are stacked in the warehouse area according to the stacking position and transferred by disk crane. Meanwhile, the traditional laser ranging and line scanning method cannot meet the demand for precise positioning of the whole bundle of bars. To deal with the problems above, this paper applies machine vision technology to the unmanned warehouse area of bars, proposing a binocular vision-based measurement method. On the one hand, a 3D reconstruction model with sub-pixel interpolation is established to improve the accuracy of 3D reconstruction in the warehouse area. On the other hand, a feature point matching algorithm based on motion trend constraint is established by means of multi-sensor data fusion, thus improving the accuracy of feature point matching. Finally, a high-precision unmanned 3D reconstruction of the bar stock area is completed.

Use Case Diagram for Enhancing Warehouse Performance at PT. MDA Through the Implementation of 5S, Economic Order Quantity, Safety Stock, and Warehouse Management System

An industrial water pump importing company relies on a network of distribution warehouses to efficiently manage the storage and delivery of its products to clients. This paper delves into the operational intricacies of the company, with a primary focus on sustaining a superior level of service to meet customer demands, all while attempting to minimize costs and achieve optimal inventory control. The central aspects explored in this research encompass the meticulous determination of the number of pipes needed and the optimal ordering times. To address this, the Probabilistic Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method is used and supported by 5S concept, recognized for its ability to provide reasonably accurate estimates crucial for pivotal decision-making in inventory management. The utilization of the Probabilistic EOQ method in this context reflects the company’s commitment to adopting sophisticated and proven methodologies to enhance decision-making accuracy and the warehouse area is more suitable by the 5S implementation principles. The research outcomes not only assist in refining the determination of Safety Stock levels but also contribute valuable insights into the precise quantities of goods that should be ordered. This strategic approach aligns with the company’s overarching goal of achieving cost-efficiency without compromising on the ability to efficiently meet customer demands. These upcoming insights could encompass innovative strategies, technological implementations, or advances in supply chain optimization.

Integration of Lean Six Sigma and Ergonomics in Internal Logistics in the Supply Chain – A Systematic Literature

Today's most significant challenge facing the industry is delivering good quality products quickly, at the lowest possible cost, and flexibly in meeting demand. In terms of timing accuracy, companies must have good internal logistics, one of which is good warehouse management. Productivity in warehouses can be achieved by improving efficiency in warehouse operations, thus resulting in a faster response to customer requests. In improving productivity, it is necessary first to identify unexpected activity. This study demonstrates the importance of applying Lean Six Sigma (LSS) in Supply Chain Management (SCM), particularly internal logistics in the warehouse area, by linking the ergonomics principle with the systematic literature review approach. LSS and ergonomics are mutually complementary methodologies to meet the challenges of SCM in order to have a competitive advantage in business.

A new lean tool to enhance internal logistics in Engineer and Design-to-Order industrial environment: plan for every order

ABSTRACT The paper presents a new Lean Logistics tool specifically designed for Engineer and Design-To-Order (ETO and DTO) industrial environments. The new tool, namely Plan For Every Order (PFEO), conceptually derives from the well-known Plan For Every Part used in the automotive serial production context. PFEO is proposed as a tool for industrialization, focusing on the design and logistics optimization of internal material flows at ETO and DTO plants. In the paper, the principles, and concepts behind PFEO are presented and developed. The tool collects information on both suppliers and materials, improving both the management of materials and spaces and communication between the company and suppliers. The operability of the tool is proven in a real business case involving an shipyard. The PFEO has provided a solid database for the development of auxiliary monitoring and visualization tools, the application of which increases order in the warehouse and assembly areas and reduces costs and errors.

Optimization of Temperature and Humidity Monitoring for Warehouse in the same Geographical Environment

The purpose of this study is to solve the problem: in the warehouse temperature and humidity monitoring, due to the wide area and large number of warehouses, a large number of monitoring systems and equipment are arranged, which need to reduce investment and maintenance costs. Considering the same geographical environment, select 1 or 2 typical warehouses to represent the temperature and humidity of this region, so as to reduce the investment of monitoring equipment. We experimented with two regions separately, with 5 warehouses in each region. Temperature and humidity were collected for a period of time, and cluster analysis was carried out based on their maximum value, average value or comprehensive statistics of the two regions. The results show: (1) When clustering according to the maximum temperature and humidity, there are 2 types of significant differences warehouses in the same geographical environment. (2) When clustering according to the mean value of temperature and humidity, there are 2 or 3 types of significant differences warehouses in the same geographical environment, and the clustering result is different from that of clustering according to the maximum value. (3) When clustering according to the maximum value and average value of temperature and humidity, there is no significant difference warehouses in the same geographical environment, which can be classified as the same warehouse. No matter considering the maximum value, average value or the combination of the two statistics, the typical warehouse can be selected to represent the same geographical environment, so as to reduce the monitoring equipment investment and storage management workload.

Optimization Strategy for Storage Location Allocation in Air Cargo Warehouse Area

Facing rapid growth in air cargo demand within the global supply chain and limitations of traditional storage location allocation methods, this study proposes an intelligent optimization strategy for storage location allocation. The strategy considers key factors like flight schedules, cargo collection and delivery data, cargo terminal topology, and in-and-out paths. It intelligently allocates each cargo batch to the most suitable location, assigning more flights' cargo to locations near the exit, thereby reducing cargo handling distance and offloading time, and enhancing operational efficiency and cargo handling capacity in the air freight sector. The algorithm, based on the latest optimization theories and techniques, seeks optimal solutions under various constraints. The model and algorithm’s effectiveness is validated through simulation experiments using actual flight data. The results indicate that, compared to traditional strategies, the optimized strategy reduces response time by 62%.

Optimization in the Warehouse Area Through the 5s Methodology

Goals: Optimize the company's warehouse area using the 5S methodology; Reduce to the maximum, the time wasted in search of the necessary tools when carrying out any type of work; Increase the space or useful area in the company's warehouse; Keep existing material and the right tools in the right place. Methodology: The qualitative approach of the 5S method involves the observation and detailed analysis of processes and work spaces to identify opportunities for improvement in terms of organization and cleanliness. It is a methodology that seeks to understand the user experience and how it relates to their work environment, in order to design solutions that suit their needs. The qualitative approach of the 5S method seeks to improve the quality of life and satisfaction of workers, which in turn can have a positive impact on productivity. Investigation: What is the 5S methodology?; What is the impact of good warehouse management within a company?. Contribution: It was possible to organize and assign a space for each tool, obtaining with this the reduction of time in the search for tools and materials in the warehouse area.

Implementation of Objective Matrix and Root Cause Analysis for Productivity Analysis PT. Indomarco Adi Prima SP Deket Lamongan

PT Indomarco Adi Prima Stock Point Deket Lamongan is one of the business units of PT Indofood Sukses Makmur Tbk, which distributes consumer products. The company has 300 outlets in grocery stores and modern stores with a distribution target of 30 outlets for each salesman in a day. However, in its implementation, the target is only sometimes achieved. Other problems, such as product delivery errors and delivery delays, occur frequently. This research aims to analyze the company's productivity level using the Objective Matrix (OMAX) method. Productivity measurement also involves the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method in determining the weight of each ratio. Based on the calculation of productivity during the measurement period from January 2022 to December 2022 using Objective Matrix (OMAX), the results obtained are productivity index values that decreased during the measurement period, namely February (-4,75%), March (-3.90%), May (-17.48%), June (-11.92%), July (-31.28%), and October (-7.04%). Then, based on the results of productivity indicator analysis, it is known which ratio indicator has the lowest value and causes the productivity index to fall, namely ratio 1, ratio 2, ratio 5, ratio 6, and ratio 7. The decrease in productivity index based on Root Cause Analysis (RCA) using fishbone diagram tools due to no heat reducer, no computer and truck maintenance schedule, less communication between employees, travel time estimation is not good, attendance system updates are not carried out, limited warehouse area, high work intensity, no instructions for the preparation of goods in the warehouse area, stock goods arrive late, rainy season, road repairs, no periodic checks, and unpredictable road conditions.

METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING AN EFFECTIVE VARIANT OF WAREHOUSE OPERATION TECHNOLOGY WHEN USING HIGHLY MANOEUVRABLE AND ENERGY-EFFICIENT MULTI-AXLE VEHICLES

The article establishes that warehousing operations required in the cargo delivery system can take up a significant amount of time and affect the quality of performed work. An analysis of the situation in the warehouse real estate market has shown that there are prospects for the construction and development of existing warehouses through the introduction of new technologies and solutions to improve technical means of production. Therefore, for the rational operation of the entire complex of warehouse operations and the corresponding increase in productivity with a reduction in the cost of delivery of goods in existing warehouses with intensive flows of goods, it is necessary to introduce an efficient warehouse technology using highly manoeuvrable and energy-efficient multi-axle vehicles. The article analyses the scientific developments of the theoretical foundations for determining an effective variant of warehouse technology by Ukrainian and foreign scientists. The work on improving the technology of warehouses and terminals focuses on the development of effective interaction in all areas of warehouse operations under the influence of random factors. The analysis of the technology of warehouses operating in the Ukrainian market has revealed shortcomings in its organisation: possible options for performing basic warehouse operations when changing the values of technological process parameters are not taken into account, warehouse resources are not used effectively to perform the relevant operations, and opportunities for introducing new technologies into the warehouse technology are not taken advantage of. It is proposed to determine an effective variant of the warehouse operation technology when using highly manoeuvrable and energy-efficient multi-axle vehicles to consider this process in the form of two variants of their organisation with the participation of an electric forklift (first variant) and the proposed mechanism (second variant). To form these variants, the sequence of warehouse operation technology, technical characteristics of mechanisation equipment, and a schematic representation of a warehouse with racks have been determined. The total area of the warehouse was chosen as the objective function of solving the problem of determining an effective variant of warehouse technology when using highly manoeuvrable and energy-efficient multi-axle vehicles, taking into account the system of constraints. The system of constraints includes the relevant factors of influence: the volume of a unit of cargo that passes through the warehouse; time to perform operations when loading (unloading) cargo in the warehouse; time to perform operations when moving cargo by a forklift in the warehouse; loading of a unit of cargo on the warehouse area. Keywords: model, technology, warehouse system, technical means.