Ward Experience Research Articles

Factors affecting ward nurses' basic life support experiences: An integrative literature review.

Performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation in non-critical care hospital wards is a stressful event for the registered nurse; stress may negatively affect performance. Delays in initiating basic life support and following current basic life support algorithms have been reported globally. The aim of this review was to investigate factors that can affect registered nurses' experiences of performing basic life support. Using the five-step integrative literature review method from Whittemore and Knafl, this review searched articles published between January 2000 and June 2022 for qualitative and quantitative primary studies from the databases CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), Medline (Web of Science), Scopus and PubMed. Nine studies from eight countries met the inclusion criteria and were appraised here. Five themes relating to factors affecting the performance of basic life support were found during this review: staff interaction issues, confidence concerns, fear of harm and potential litigation, defibrillation concerns and basic life support training issues. This review revealed several concerns experienced by registered nurses in performing basic life support and highlights a lack of research. Factors affecting nurses' experiences need to be understood. This will allow education to focus on consideration of human factors, or non-technical skills during basic life support training, as well as technical skills, to improve outcomes for patients experiencing an in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses regarding pulmonary tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Knowledge, attitude and practices of nurses can have a significant effect on the delivery of health services to pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Information regarding this can help in modifying and improving the training programs for nurses working in various health facilities. Objectives: To study the knowledge, attitude and practices of nurses regarding pulmonary tuberculosis in an academic hospital. Methods: A cross sectional questionnaire based study was conducted over a period of one month at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka. 202 (89.8%) out of the 225 nurses who were approached agreed to take part in the study and were included in the analysis. The data was analysed using SPSS 16.0., p values were calculated using chi- square test. Results: 79 (39.1%) respondents were worried about getting tuberculosis from patients. 37 (63.8%) subjects who had work experience in a tuberculosis ward as compared to 58 (40.3%) who had never worked in a TB ward were able to write the expanded form of DOTS (p = 0.002). Only 4.5% of respondents collected sputum in an open area. Regarding the measures taken to reduce transmission of TB infection in the ward it was found that 143 (70.8%) respondents followed the correct practices. It was noted that only 86 (42.6%) subjects displayed satisfactory level of awareness. Conclusion: Majority of the respondents were not choosing the right location for sputum collection. With less than fifty per cent of the respondents having satisfactory level of awareness there is a need to further strengthen the training and skill monitoring programs.

Medication safety for intensive care patients transferring to a hospital ward: A Hierarchical Task Analysis

Aims and objectivesTo identify the task steps involved in intensive care patients transferring to a hospital ward and their potential for human errors, and to prioritise areas to improve medication safety. BackgroundIntensive care patients recovering to transfer to a hospital ward experience challenges to care continuity and safety, including medication safety. Medication errors are common on this interface of patient care, contributing to the risk of adverse drug events on the hospital ward and beyond. Human factors are an important consideration in these transfer-related medication errors. MethodsA hierarchical task analysis, based on a goal of safe continuity of medication for intensive care patients on transfer to a hospital ward, was developed from local processes taken from four north of England hospital Trusts with electronic prescribing systems. The task analysis was developed and refined by the research team, incorporating documentary review of policies and procedures, and healthcare professional interviews. Failure modes for the key task steps impacting directly on patient medication safety were identified. Finally, ten intensive care healthcare professionals, individually graded each failure mode (1-5) in terms of the probability, criticality and detectability. Median grades for each parameter were used to determine an overall clinical risk score for each task step. ResultsTen task steps were identified (one conditional), comprising a total of 56 subordinate task steps (two conditional). Conditionality was based on integrated electronic prescribing system resource across the care interface. Thirty-four of the 56 (61%) subordinate task steps were considered by the research team to specifically involve medication continuity or safety aspects. Action omissions (operation, check, information communication) accounted for failure modes in twenty-four of the 34 (71%) task steps. Most task steps (25/34 (74%)) had one or more recovery steps, providing further safety opportunities. The medication review task for reviewing and re-introducing long-term medication had the highest cumulative risk score. The top six clinical risk scores for the failure modes involved task steps with some element of communication around medicines. ConclusionsThe safe continuity of medication for intensive care patients on transfer to a hospital ward is complex and prone to human error. Failure mode analysis indicated that medication review on intensive care prior to patient transfer, and communication around medication changes and plans, are particularly important risks that require addressing in any intervention developed to improve medication safety in this patient care transition.

A Delphi consensus study to identify priorities for improving and measuring medication safety for intensive care patients on transfer to a hospital ward.

Intensive care patients surviving to transfer to a lower-acuity hospital ward experience ongoing challenges to their recovery and lack a well-defined and developed care pathway. The transfer process to a hospital ward exposes intensive care patients to high rates of medication errors, which increase their risk of adverse drug events. The aims of this study were to identify priorities for medication-related intervention components and outcome measures for improving medication safety for intensive care patients transferring to a hospital ward. Three panels involving 129 participants covering (i) intensive care, (ii) hospital ward health-care professionals and (iii) public representatives completed an electronic Delphi survey conducted over three phases. The Delphi process comprised three sections (medication-related intervention components, medication outcomes and patient outcomes). Items were graded in their level of importance, with predefined important criteria. Item agreement required consensus across all three panels. Intervention barriers and facilitators identified in participant comments were categorized according to a socio-technical systems approach to the patient journey and patient safety (Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety 3.0 model). Of the 129 (84.5%) participants, 109 completed all three Delphi phases. Consensus was achieved for 48 intervention components, 13 medication outcome measures and 11 patient outcome measures. Phase 1 provided 158 comments comprising >200 individual barriers and facilitators to intervention delivery. Frequently cited facilitators included clearly specified roles and responsibilities (10.7% (organizational conditions)), patient and family as agents (8.8% (care team)), medicines-related information easily accessible (7.8% (tools and technologies)) and clear medication plan and communication (7.3% (tasks)). Our findings provide identification of priorities for medication-related intervention components to improve medication safety for intensive care patients transferring to a hospital ward. Prioritization is complemented by the identification and socio-technical categorization of barriers and facilitators to intervention delivery. The identified important medication and patient outcomes to measure will inform the design of a future patient medication safety intervention study.

Staff perception of case discussion groups on a UK inpatient psychiatric ward: a mixed method service evaluation

Background Staff and patient experiences of inpatient psychiatric wards can be negative, with staff suffering increasingly higher rates of burnout and aggression, and patients dissatisfied with the lack of therapeutic climate. The need for improved support for both has long been identified, yet many group types are ill defined and their effectiveness is unclear. In response, clinical psychologist-facilitated case discussion groups (CDGs) have been implemented across limited wards within an NHS Foundation Trust to develop staff formulation and reflective skills and provide dual peer and formal support. Aims This evaluation aimed to assess staff perceptions of CDG impact on staff outcomes and patient care. Methods Twenty permanent unit staff members of a female acute inpatient ward participated in this mixed method evaluation. Staff were administered a two-part questionnaire. A subset of participants then completed a semi-structured qualitative interview. Results CDG were rated extremely positively for both staff and patient care outcomes. Staff recognised increased patient contact, reduced restraint incidents, and higher levels of confidence in their role. Suggested improvements to CDG include a more formal review of action plans. Conclusion Further research is required to explore patient perceptions of CDG and explore impact across different ward types.

Knowledge and attitude of nurses working in pediatric wards about pediatric palliative care in Tabriz 2021

Background: Provision of pediatric palliative care is of particular importance. Therefore, this study aims to assess knowledge and attitude of nurses working in pediatric wards about this matter.Methods: The current descriptive study was conducted in 3 hospitals in Tabriz, Iran. The sample consisted of all nurses working in pediatric wards, who were selected through a convenience sampling method. For data collection, a checklist for demographic variables, Palliative Care Quiz for Nursing, and Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying Patients were used. Collected data were then analysed using SPSS.Results: Of the total of 247 questionnaires distributed, 220 were returned completely. Most of the participants were female (96.3%). Their mean age was 32 years, and their mean work experience in clinical wards was 7.22 years. The results showed that the mean total scores of nurses’ knowledge and attitude about pediatric palliative care were 10.70±2.83 and 97.90±98.83, respectively.Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that nurses have a good attitude and poor knowledge about pediatric palliative care. Considering the findings of this study as well as the importance of pediatric palliative care, it is necessary to improve nurses’ knowledge about this matter. Further studies are also recommended in this regard.

Association between Locomotive Syndrome and Physical Activity in Long-Term Inpatients of Psychiatric Care Wards in Japan: A Preliminary Study

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the status of locomotive syndrome (LS) and the level of physical activity (PA) in long-term inpatients in a psychiatric care ward and to investigate the association between the severity of LS and the level of PA. The study participants consisted of 25 patients aged 55 years or older who had been admitted to a psychiatric care ward for more than one year. The participants’ LS stage was determined and their level of PA was measured using an accelerometer. We also analyzed the correlations between the LS stage test results, level of PA, and values for each assessment item. The LS stage test showed that 84.0% of the participants were at stages 3. The participants’ mean step count was 3089.8 ± 2346.5 steps. The participants’ mean sedentary time was 349.7 ± 68.9 min, which is more than 70% of the total measuring time. Overall, the results indicate that LS stage was significantly correlated to age, ADL, and level of PA. Patients who stay in a psychiatric care ward experience declining motor functioning and lack PA. Deterioration of motor functioning is associated with lack of PA, suggesting the need for physical intervention.

New Ways of Working in Psychology: Evaluating a Pilot of the Clinical Associate Psychologist Apprenticeship on an Acute Mental Health Ward

Aim: Acute mental health wards have been criticised for being untherapeutic. NHS England aims to move towards therapeutic wards by increasing psychological practitioner staffing. The new clinical associate psychologist (CAP) role may provide a cost effective way of enhancing existing psychological therapies teams. The current study aimed to evaluate the introduction of a CAP apprentice on an acute mental health ward. Specifically, the study aimed to (1) examine whether the CAP role could improve patients access to direct psychological interventions; and (2) explore the ward team's experiences of the role. Method: Referrals for direct psychological interventions and sessions conducted were collected over a six-month period and compared to pre-collected data from the previous year. A focus group was held to explore the ward teams experiences of the role which was transcribed and thematically analysed. Results: Referrals for direct psychological interventions increased following the introduction of the CAP apprentice on the ward, including an increase in patient self-referrals. Direct psychological intervention sessions consequently increased as a result of referrals. Additionally, there were more follow-up sessions in the community. Analysis of the focus group derived three main themes Supporting the team, Patient experience and Ward based role, demonstrating that staff perceived numerous additional benefits of the CAP role. Conclusion: CAPs provide a cost effective way of improving access to psychological interventions on acute wards. CAPs may offer a way for psychology to become more present on acute wards and better integrated into staff teams.

Psychiatric Ward Staff Experience of Working with Patients Who Hear Voices and Their Views on Voice Simulation Training: a Qualitative Study

Background: Research shows that psychiatric staff lack clinical confidence working with voice hearers. Simulation training is promising but staff input is limited. Aim: The present study aimed to qualitatively investigate ward staff experience of working with voice hearers and their perspectives on simulation training. Method: Multidisciplinary psychiatric ward staff participated in semi-structured interviews on their experience of working with voice hearers and their views and recommendations on simulation training. Participants included seven nurses, five healthcare assistants, and three activities co-ordinators. Results: Following thematic analysis, staff experience themes included Negative impact on therapeutic relationship, Clinical experience improves understanding of voice hearing, Empathy for voice hearers, Challenges of managing risk, Lack of subjective understanding of voice hearing, Limited training for working with voice hearers and Lack of clinical confidence. Views on simulation training themes included Potential to improve subjective understanding, Anxieties about emotional responses, Keenness to participate and Potential to improve clinical confidence. Simulation training recommendation themes included Incorporate practical, skills-based elements, Invite all mental health staff to participate, andUse genuine voice hearer experiences. Conclusion: Lack of subjective understanding and clinical confidence was linked to training limitations, but skills-based simulation training was endorsed as a valuable method to improve staff understanding, confidence, and quality of care.

Maternity Healthscapes: Conceptualization and Index Development.

This article provides a conceptualization and an index of the multidimensional concept of maternity healthscapes (MHS). Healthscape has emerged as a potential key aspect to improve patient experience. Surprisingly, there has been little effort to delineate the concept of MHS from a design perspective, while maternity wards have unique characteristics and particular challenges. Indeed, patients in maternity wards are usually not acutely ill but can feel highly vulnerable due to the pain, stress, and the many uncertainties surrounding labor and delivery-which can heighten patients' need for intimacy, supporter comfort, and additional supporting services. Thus, healthscapes need to be designed to account for the specificities of childbearing and needs of those patients and their family. A multidisciplinary literature review and 39 in-depth interviews were conducted with various stakeholders-mothers, midwives, heads of midwives, and chief executives. The authors develop a conceptualization to establish a comprehensive understanding of the dimensionality of MHSs. Based on that comprehensive conceptualization, the authors develop an index providing a census of the aspects in the MHS that various stakeholders-such as healthcare providers, designers, and architects-should take into account when conceiving MHS. Healthcare providers, designers, and architects can use this conceptualization and index to closely monitor and measure for evaluations and further improvements of the MHS, thereby enhancing patient experience in maternity wards.

Exploring how to improve access to psychological therapies on acute mental health wards from the perspectives of patients, families and mental health staff: qualitative study.

Psychological therapy is core component of mental healthcare. However, many people with severe mental illnesses do not receive therapy, particularly in acute mental health settings. This study identifies barriers to delivering and accessing psychological therapies in acute mental health settings, and is the first to recommend how services can increase access from the perspectives of different stakeholders (staff, patients and carers). Sixty participants with experiences of acute mental health wards (26 staff, 22 patients and 12 carers) were interviewed about barriers to accessing therapy in in-patient settings and how therapies should be delivered to maximise access. Four themes were identified: (a) 'Models of care', including the function of in-patient wards, beliefs about the causes of mental health problems and the importance of strong leadership to support psychosocial interventions; (b) 'Integrated care', including the importance of psychologists being ward-based, as well as having strong links with community teams; (c) 'Acute levels of distress', including factors that aggravate or ameliorate the impact of this on engagement in therapy; and (d) 'Enhancing staff capability and motivation', which is influenced by contextual issues. It is possible to improve access to therapy through strong leadership (that is supportive of talking treatments), flexible delivery of therapy (that considers short admissions) and a whole-systems approach that promotes ward staff understanding of the psychosocial causes of mental illness and staff well-being. It is essential to ensure continuity between in-patient and community therapy services, and for wards to have physical space to carry out therapy.

Assessment of Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Management of Patient’s with Cholelithiasis Disease

Cholelithiasis affects approximately 15% of the US population. Rising trends in obesity and metabolic syndrome have contributed to an increase in diagnosis of cholelithiasis. There are several risk factors for cholelithiasis, both modifiable and non modifiable. Women are more likely to experience cholelithiasis than are men. Pregnancy, increasing parity, and obesity during pregnancy further increase the risk that a woman will develop cholelithiasis. The classic presentation of persons experiencing cholelithiasis, specifically when gallstones obstruct the common bile duct, is right upper quadrant pain of the abdomen that is often elicited upon palpation during physical examination and documented as a positive Murphy’s sign Descriptive Cross-Sectional Design is adopted in the current study to achieve the early stated objectives. The study started from January 2nd, 2021 until May, 20th, 2021. A Non-Probability (Convenience Sample) of (60) nurses were including in the present study. Sample collect from 1, 3,4) and emergency department The results of the present study indicated that the majority of the samples (93.33%) have deficit knowledge, which agree with the results of the study showed that the reasons for lack of nurses’ knowledge regarding from the researchers’ point of view “might be related to lack of continuing educational programs or sessions about Cholelithiasis, supervision, continuous evaluation of nurses’ practice, and cooperation between multidisciplinary health care team members (nurses-physicians). Conclusions according to the present study findings, the researcher can mention the following conclusions:Most of nurses in medical units had knowledge deficit concerning management of cholelithiasis nursing management. It is found that the most of nurses are middle age group within (35-39) years old. It is concludes that the most of nurses are institute and college graduated, most of the nurses years’ experience in medical wards(1-10 years). most of the sample have participating in the sessions training in medical wards but no related to cholelithiasis nursing management. Encouraging nurses to update their information by participating in training sessions and conference inside and outside Iraq to improve their knowledge regarding cholelithiasis nursing management which working in medical wards.

Study of Nurses’ Knowledge About COVID-19 in Al-Hilla Teaching Hospitals

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic is a major health crisis that emerged at the end of the first quarter of the 21st century and changed the lives of millions of people globally. Nurses have close contact with infectious patients; therefore, nurses need to obtain sufficient knowledge in this regard. They need to assess their level of knowledge about COVID-19 and explore their needs to enhance and improve their knowledge in order to be more qualified to fight this virus. This study intends to assess nurses’ knowledge regarding COVID-19 and to find out the differences in nurses’ knowledge about COVID-19 with regard to their demographic variables. Methods: A descriptive (cross-sectional design) study was conducted to assess nurses’ knowledge regarding COVID-19 in Al-Hilla teaching hospitals in Al-Hilla City, Iraq, from September 25, 2020, to February 20, 2022. Using a convenient sampling method, a sample of 200 nurses working at epidemic hospitals was selected. The data collection process began with a questionnaire, which nurses answered as a self-report (questionnaire). Then the questionnaires were collected from the respondents. The average time to fill out the questionnaire was between 10 and 20 minutes. Results: The findings indicate that most nurses (58%) had poor knowledge about COVID-19. There were significant differences in nurses’ knowledge about COVID-19 with regard to their educational levels (P<0.05) and experience in epidemiological wards (P<0.05). Also, there was no difference between nurses’ attitudes toward COVID-19 with regard to their experience in epidemiological wards (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference between nurses’ knowledge about COVID-19 with regard to their source of information about COVID-19 (P<0.05). Discussion: The present study revealed that nurses had moderate knowledge about COVID-19. They had poor knowledge related to the prevention of COVID-19, while they had poor knowledge as overall knowledge related to COVID-19.

Collective pause: improving staff performance in acute medicine through a brief mindfulness-based group programme.

Hospital wards are a complex and dynamic environment that rely on optimal staff performance. However, there is little research evaluating group interventions to improve staff attention and teamwork. To evaluate whether a regular, short and guided group mindfulness practice for staff in an acute general medicine team improves attention and teamwork. A 10-min programme comprising mindfulness exercises and techniques was delivered daily to a multidisciplinary general medicine team based in a tertiary hospital for 4 weeks. This was undertaken immediately prior to the team's interdisciplinary ward round. We used a mixed-method design, with self-rated surveys to measure mindfulness and staff perception of hospital safety culture, and a focus group to understand participants' experiences. We estimated mean differences using Kruskal-Wallis tests across 10 time-points and thematically analysed recorded transcripts. There was an increase in staff attention to the team meeting as measured by the decentering domain across time (P < 0.001). There was a trend to greater staff openness with a non-significant increase in curiosity (P = 0.14). We identified two overarching qualitative themes: feasibility of the programme and impact on staff and workplace. The programme was a calming circuit breaker to staff's day, which aided in feeling more connected to the group and subjectively better ward round experience. The logistics of the programme, including timing, and the facilitator developing trust with the participants, appear important in implementation. A brief mindfulness-based intervention delivered to a general medical team improves staff attention at a multidisciplinary team meeting and team functioning.

Investigation and analysis of occupational physical injuries among healthcare staffs during allopatric medical aid for the fight against COVID-19.

Occupational health impairment of medical personnel manifested as a prominent problem in COVID-19. The aim of this study is to investigate the occupational physical injuries of front-line medical staffs in Hubei province during the fight against COVID-19. questionnaire survey was conducted among 476 medical staffs from 3 regions of Hubei Province, including general characteristics and the physical discomfort/damage suffered in the isolation wards during working hours. A total of 457 valid questionnaires were collected. The common physical discomfort/damage included skin injuries (22.76%), conjunctivitis (15.10%), falls (9.19%), intolerant unwell symptoms (8.53%) and sharp injuries (6.13%). Logistic regression analysis showed that: lack of protective work experience (OR = 2.049, 95% CI: 1.071-3.921), continuous working for 4 h (OR = 3.771, 95% CI: 1.858-7.654), and working >4 h (OR = 7.076, 95% CI: 3.197-15.663) were high-risk factors for skin injuries. Working continuously for 4 h (OR = 3.248, 95% CI: 1.484-7.110) and working >4 h (OR = 3.096, 95% CI: 1.232-7.772) were high-risk factors for conjunctivitis. Lack of protective work experience was a high risk factor for falls (OR = 5.508, 95% CI: 1.299-23.354). The high risk factors for intolerant unwell symptoms were continuous working for 4 h (OR = 5.372, 95% CI: 1.239-23.301) and working >4 h (OR = 8.608, 95% CI: 1.843-40.217). Working in a COVID-19 critical care unit (OR = 3.249, 95% CI: 1.344-7.854) and implementation of nursing (OR = 9.766, 95% CI: 1.307-72.984) were high risk factors for sharp injuries. Occupational physical injuries are universal in the COVID-19 ward. Those who take up nursing, work in a critical care ward, with no experience in an isolation ward for infectious diseases, and work continuously for ≥4 h on the same day should get more attention. Med Pr. 2022;73(3):209-18.

Nursing communication skills in preoperative care

Nursing communication skills are critical. As most patients have little understanding about the medical procedures, many patients may feel confused about what is happening around them. Nurses with excellent communication skills can help reassure patients, understand their needs during preoperative care.Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess nursing communication skills in preoperative care and to look at disparities in nurses' communication skills based on sociodemographic factors.Methods: A descriptive study with a purposive sample of (N=104) nurses was conducted. This sample is distributed throughout two hospitals regarding to the Babylon Health Directorate. The questionnaire consists of )45 (items. The reliability of the questionnaire was verified by conducting a pilot study and submitting it to a list of experts in nursing field. Data was obtained using self-report and a questionnaire, then analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods.Results: The findings revealed that (45.2%) of nurses’ expressed a moderate level of communication skills with the surgical patients. The nurses’ communication skills are significantly associated with their gender (p=0.000), education level (p=0.000), years of experience in surgical wards (p=0.007) and number of training sessions (p=0.000).

The associated factors of COVID-19-related anxiety and its relationship with resilience among nurses working in corona wards

Introduction: It is vital to identify psychological disorders and their effective elements among nurses working in acute wards. As a result, the current study was carried out with the goal of determining the link between COVID-19-related anxiety and nurse resilience.Methods: At 2021, 249 nurses working in Qazvin teaching hospitals participated in this descriptive cross-sectional survey. A three-part tool was used to gather information: a demographics questionnaire, the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale.Results: The mean resilience and COVID-19-related anxiety scores were 66.28 ± 14.12 and 9.81 ± 9.74 (p0.001), respectively. Resilience, job tenure in corona wards, work experience in corona wards, and workplace are the most effective and significant factors on nurses' COVID-19-related anxiety, while marital status and workplace are the most effective and significant factors on nurses' resilience, according to the results of univariate regression analysis.Conclusions: COVID-19-related anxiety was reduced in the wards by nurses with higher resilience levels. This discovery can be used in management planning to help nurses feel less anxious.

Nurses’ Perceptions Regarding Disclosure of Patient Safety Incidents in Selected Educational and Medical Centers of Iran University of Medical Sciences, 2020

Background &amp; Aims: Patient safety is one of the most essential components of health care systems and is one of the most important pillars of quality in these organizations. Healthcare providers can improve a patient's safety status by interacting with patients and their families, controlling procedures, learning from mistakes, and communicating effectively with others on the health care team. Given that nurses spend more time caring for patients than other health care providers, they should be considered as the main group for planning to prevent and reduce the occurrence of medical errors. Increasing reporting and sharing of error information increases patient safety and prevents medical errors from recurring. Explicit disclosure of adverse events can maintain trust between health care providers and patients and reduce disputes and allegations of medical abuse. Therefore, considering the importance of patient safety, the researcher has decided to conduct a study with the aim of determining nurses' perception of the disclosure of patient safety. Materials &amp; Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the period of October to March 2020 in Tehran. The study population consisted of all nurses working in selected educational and medical centers of Iran University of Medical Sciences ( Rasoul Akram, Shahid Motahari, Shahid Hasheminejad, Shafa Yahyaian and Firoozgar Hospitals). The study was performed on 315 nurses. The sampling method in this stratified study was proportional .The tools used in this study consist of two parts: Demographic information form including questions about age, gender, marital status, education, employment status, work experience, work experience in other centers, ward, shift work and average overtime in Is the moon. Nurses' perceptions of the disclosure of patient safety incidents were measured using the Lee and Kim questionnaire. This questionnaire was translated and used for the first time in Iran. To determine the reliability of this questionnaire, the internal correlation of questions Cronbach's alpha and reproducibility were tested by test on 20 nurses at one week intervals, where Cronbach's alpha of the whole instrument was 0.885 and its intra-cluster correlation coefficient was 0.793. Analyzes were performed using SPSS software version 22 and using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test and analysis of variance). Finally, a significant level was considered less than 0.05 in the analyzes. Results: The results of the analysis showed that the general perception of nurses about the disclosure of patient safety Incidents with a mean of 55.66±13.20 (based on 0 to 100). The mean score (based on 0 to 100) was highest in the dimension of "nurses'perception of facilitators of open disclosure" with an average of 71.49 and in the dimension of "nurses' perception of the negative consequences of open disclosure" was the lowest with an average of 35.23. Nurses' perception of the disclosure of patient safety incidents had a statistically significant relationship only with the type of employment (P=0.04). A pairwise comparison showed that the average score of nurses with contract employment was significantly lower than formal (P=0.033) and contract (P=0.008). Also, the average score obtained in corporate nurses was significantly lower. It was less than conventional (P=0.029) and at other levels this difference was not significant. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study that nurses' overall perception of the disclosure of patient safety Incidents was positive, it is suggested that in order to improve patient safety Incidents disclosure, hospitals should create a positive culture in which explicit the disclosure of patient safety Incidents is first and foremost an opportunity Be considered to actively improve hospital safety. The people and the media must also create an atmosphere that reflects the trust and support of health care providers and institutions in exposing patient safety incidents. This allows healthcare providers to have positive perceptions of the disclosure of patient safety Incidents.

Teaching Undergraduate Medical Students Non-Technical Skills: An Evaluation Study of a Simulated Ward Experience.

PurposeResearch suggests that medical students in the UK report a need to be better prepared for the non-technical skills required for the role of a junior doctor. A Simulated Ward Experience was developed in an attempt to address this need. The purpose of this study was (1) to evaluate the effectiveness of the Simulated Ward Experiences by examining students’ reactions regarding the quality of teaching and (2) to examine the main drivers of learning and the extent to which students felt it helped them prepare for their future training.MethodsA mixed method evaluation study was conducted using a questionnaire and focus groups. Final year students who participated in the Simulated Ward Experience were invited to contribute to the evaluation, out of which 25 completed the questionnaire and 13 took part in focus group interviews. Data analysis were conducted by means of descriptive statistics for questionnaire data and thematic analysis of focus group transcripts.ResultsThe median Likert scores for quality of teaching Non-Technical Skills were either very good or excellent, demonstrating that students were highly satisfied with the way in which these were taught. Qualitative data provided further insights into the aspects of the intervention that promoted learning, and these were categorised into four themes, including realism of the simulation; relevance for the role and responsibilities of the Foundation Year 1 Doctor (including Non-Technical Skills); learning from and with others; and supportive learning environment.ConclusionThis evaluation study provides further evidence of the value of learning in a simulated setting, particularly when it is closely aligned to the real clinical context and creates opportunities to practice skills that are perceived to be relevant by the learner. Study limitations are recognised and suggestions for further studies are provided.

Preparedness of Nurses for Controlling and Preventing the COVID-19 Infection: A Study from Referral Hospitals in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

BACKGROUND: The spread of COVID-19 infection has led to high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Nurses are the frontline health workers in handling COVID-19 infections, so adequate preparedness is needed for them to contribute to controlling and preventing the infections.&#x0D; AIM: This study examines the differences in nurses’ preparedness to control and prevent COVID-19 infection at the two hospitals in Banda Aceh, Indonesia.&#x0D; METHODS: This study is a comparative study with a cross-sectional study approach. The sample were nurses in the COVID-19 ward at hospitals A (n=75) and B (n=36). Data collection was conducted by administering a questionnaire consisting of 39 items in a 5-point Likert scale through Google form. The questionnaire satisfied the content validity by experts and reliability test using Cronbach alpha (= 0.968). Mann Whitney U-Test was conducted for analyzing the data.&#x0D; RESULTS: The results revealed that no significant difference in the preparedness of nurses in controlling and preventing the COVID-19 infection in both hospitals (p=0.860).&#x0D; CONCLUSION: The study findings indicate that respondents' demographic data, such as working experience, nurse education, working experience in the COVID-19 ward, and participation in COVID-19 management training, contributed to the nurses’ preparedness.&#x0D;