Ships Of War Research Articles

“Little Malta”: Psara and the Peculiarities of naval warfare in the Greek Revolution

Abstract The tiny island of Psara, located in the northeastern Aegean Sea, constitutes a lieu de mémoire for the Greek War of Independence. Psara occupied a prominent place in Philhellenic discourse due to the spectacular achievements of the island’s fireships and due to the bloody reprisals after an attack in 1824 by the Ottoman navy. This chapter utilizes the case of Psara as a laboratory for examining various questions related to military history (such as the nature of naval operations, their resources, techniques, and command) in an Ottoman and Mediterranean framework (particularly involving the legacy of the Russian–Ottoman War of 1768–1774). It addresses the broader issues and debates concerning the immediate causes of the outbreak of the Greek Revolution in 1821 as well as the perceptions of events (e.g., the looting of Muslim settlements on the Anatolian coast by Psara’s warships). The study draws on a neglected corpus of sources, including the voluminous “Archive of Psara” (Academy of Athens, 1974) and naval diaries of Greek war ships.

80 years later: Marine sediments still influenced by an old war ship

Historic shipwrecks form an anthropogenic landmark in marine environment, yet their influence on the local geochemistry and microbiology remains largely unexplored. In this study, sediment and steel hull samples were taken around the V-1302 John Mahn, a World War II shipwreck, at increasing distance from the wreck, in different directions. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s), explosives, and heavy metal levels were determined and related to the microbial composition. Benz(a)anthracene and fluoranthene remain present at the mg kg-1 level, probably originating from the coal bunker. These PAH’s indicate that the wreck is still influencing the surrounding sediments however the effects are very dependent on which side of the wreck is being studied. Known PAH degrading taxa like Rhodobacteraceae and Chromatiaceae were more abundant in samples with high aromatic pollutant content. Moreover, sulphate reducing bacteria (such as Desulfobulbia), proven to be involved in steel corrosion, were found present in the biofilm. This study shows that even after 80 years, a historic shipwreck can still significantly steer the surrounding sediment chemistry and microbial ecology.

Analysis of Workers' Understanding About Emergency Preparedness and Response To Disaster at The War Ship Division PT. PAL Indonesia

Analysis of Workers' Understanding About Emergency Preparedness and Response To Disaster at The War Ship Division PT. PAL Indonesia

The features of German strategic pervasion to the Far East in the early 2020-s

The phenomenon of the cold war is a form of a new world political order formation. In this context the paper issues Germany`s approach to the participation in the US — Chinese confrontation and the emergence of Bundeswehr`s presence in Asian-Pacific region as a part of German attempts to become а world power. The author stresses the unreadiness of Germany to participate in the «containment» of the PRC in 2014-2019 and presents the reasons of this approach, including the Сold war between the Euro-Atlantic community and Russia. The article reveals a group of factors that predetermined Germany's transition to accelerated variant of military penetration into the Far East in 2020-2021. These factors are the emergency evacuation of the Bundeswehr from Afghanistan, the COVID-19 pandemic, the coming to power of the Joe Biden`s administration. From February — March 2021 Germany has joined in putting pressure on China, but strictly limiting its volume and quality. The scientific paper researches the dynamics and the forms of German turn to advanced cooperation in the sphere of security and defence with Singapore and Japan at the turn of the 2010-s — 2020-s. The creation of AUKUS (2021, September 15) has become the strategic shock for Germany. This factor shows the illusory of official Berlin`s hopes for a complete rejection of Trump`s attitudes in US foreign policy by J. Biden. The paper pays special attention to the features and «narrow places» of German-Australian relations in military-political sphere since middle 2010-s until the beginning of 2020-s. In this regard the diplomatic mission of the first Bundeswehr`s war ship in the Pacific Ocean during the second half of 2021 is presented. The article concludes about the transformation of German military presence in the Far East and German participation in the Сold war in the region.

Ankudinov method for evaluation of river ships dynamic squat

The article describes problem of usability of Ankudinov method, which is wisely used for merchant vessels and war ships, for evaluation of river and sea-river ships squat in shallow water.The calculations by the method analysis of such usability had been made comparing methods developed for river ships taking in account shallow water. Conclusions about possibility of using the method, based on the analysis, had been made. First of all these conclusions relate to modern ships with bulbous bow

WORLDWIDE EPIDEMICS AND MARINE MEDICINE - PERCEWPTION OF EVENTS IN THE FIRST YEAR OF PANDEMIC COVID-19

Epidemics always accompanied humanity at all historic stages, that wielded major influence on development and demographical indices. Coronavirus infections with respiratory syndrome represented by epidemic foci appeared in human civilization and were identified as SARS and MERS from the beginning of the century. Newly coronavirus infection COVID-19 took the form of pandemic and made adjustments in various branches of activity coming under the scrutiny of specialists of many spheres of activity. The lecture showed some features of newly coronavirus infections, ways of spread and transfer of the virus. It was marked that seaport towns and closed premises with a large number of people on ships and civil and war ships are the most vulnerable places for the spread of COVID-19. Examples of transmitting the infection on civil and war ships as well as issues of restricting the infection and treatment of infected people in sea were described. Russian and foreign health organizations developed recommendations, governments of states designed instructions and other information materials on COVID-19 and marine sector for prevention of spread of newly coronavirus infection on civil and war ships. Throughout the year, the first experience of marine medicine was gained and it allowed to avoid a lot of tactical and clinical mistakes.

THE UTILIZATION OF FUEL DIESEL EMULSION AS A RESERVE SOURCE OF DIESEL FUEL FOR INDONESIAN WAR SHIPS

By the development of the time, diesel fuel is made from petroleum which is decreasing in number. Besides that, the emissions produced from burning diesel fuel can also cause air pollution. One of the methods used to minimize the use of diesel fuel and air pollution is by using emulsion fuel. therefore, a precautionary measure is required in preparing a reserve fuel source for Indonesian war ships. And one of the options is with emission diesel fuel. From the results of laboratory trials there was an increase in density, viscosity, flash point, cetane and TAN numbers and a decrease in residue, Lower Heating Value and calorific value. The performance test results show an increase in SFOC and thermal efficiency, but the power, torque and BMEP have decreased. So, it can be concluded that the emulsion HSD has decreased performance but can reduce emissions from the combustion process. So, it is hoped that emission diesel fuel can be used as an alternative as well as a solution to the limitations of diesel fuel in the future, so that it can support tni al operations in the future.
 
 Keywords : Diesel fuel , diesel fuel emulsion, reserve fuel, Indonesian Navy Operations

From handsome sailor to cute youth: the material force of innocence in Herman Melville’s Billy Budd, Sailor

ABSTRACT Herman Melville’s Billy Budd, Sailor is a novel about war and erotic exploitation in which Billy Budd becomes the centre of the affective management aboard the war ship. Against the reading of his allegorical status as something that pertains to his pre-sociality, this essay reads the allegorical personification of goodness as a work of ‘practical abstraction’ in a Marxist sense. It argues that Billy’s ‘fall into story’ takes place at the moment when he, like a cute commodity, is exchanged between the representatives of the merchant ship and the war ship, and, using Sianne Ngai’s work on aesthetic categories, investigates how he, as a cute soldier body evokes ambiguous feelings of empathy and aggression. Comparing Billy’s abstract work to Rob Halpern’s contemporary war poetry it discusses how queer affect is curbed to nation binding purposes. Billy’s tragic flaw – his stutter – does not confirm an ‘absolute innocence,’ but provokes a discussion of how abstractions of good and evil are put to practical use in contemporary war efforts and how the young, American teenager is at the centre of such imagery.

The semantics of Spanish compounding: An analysis of NN compounds in the Parallel Architecture

Noun-Noun compounds (NN) are a concatenation of two nouns that function as a single unit both morphosyntactically and semantically. Two main challenges that a study of NN compounding faces are (i) identifying the implied semantic relations that hold between the nouns and (ii) explaining why NN compounds are or not productive (i.e. not very frequent) and creative (i.e. impromptu creation) in certain languages. Jackendoff (2009, 2016) proposed a model which considers the semantic relation between the head and modifier as established by an external function F(X, Y). Since Spanish NN compounds are not creative, the aim is to demonstrate whether the model can be applied to Spanish, and if so, identify the most productive basic functions. This can help us determine whether the lack of creativity of NN compounds in Spanish is due to a restricted set of productive functions. Our hypothesis is that only those relations that are productive are creative and are able to satisfy the Principle of Generalized Modification (Snyder 2012, 2016) operating at the syntax-semantics interface. The study also provides a comparison with the semantic relations attested in Spanish N-de-N constructions (i.e. buque de guerra ‘ship of war’ = war ship). Since the latter are very productive and creative, I wonder how well our hypothesis would accommodate to the data. The results indicate that few semantic relations are productive which indicates that only those should be used to interpret novel NN compounds satisfying Generalized Modification. N-de-Ns show a larger amount of functions and although the data falls short to accommodate the hypothesis, impressionistic observations tell us otherwise. Given this asymmetry, our results provide important evidence for blocking effects at the interface: the availability of the NN form blocks the surfacing of the prepositional alternative and viceversa.

Gunboat Diplomacy of a Different Kind: Robert H. Pruyn and Japan’s Purchase of U.S. Warships, 1862–1865

This article examines the handling of a contract between the Shogunate of Japan and private agents in the United States for the construction of three ships of war in 1862. Robert H. Pruyn, the U.S. minister, received the original order and down payment from the Japanese government and assigned the contract to two private citizens in Albany, New York. Over the course of the next three years, complications from the U.S. Civil War and fluctuations in the currency markets made it impossible for the U.S. builders to fulfill the order in full; the Japanese received only one ship. Historians consistently have accused Pruyn of mishandling the contract and of using the funds as investment capital for his own personal gain, but evidence shows that Pruyn was scrupulously careful with the contract and the payment, and that he averted a disastrous result which could have soured U.S.-Japan relations.

Anglicizmi u japanskom jeziku i njihov kulturološki kontekst

This study aims to show the historical and cultural context of English loanwords in Japanese, the process of domestication, and the functions performed by English loanwords. The orthographic, phonetic, morphological, semantic, and syntactic modifications of borrowed words have helped their assimilation. However, linguistic and cultural loanwords have, to a certain extent, remained separated from the Japanese language and culture, which resulted in the westernization of the Japanese life and language. As a result of the economic, political, and cultural influence of Great Britain and the United States and the imposition of English as the international language, a number of world languages have adopted foreign words from English, most notably in the 20th century. There are thousands of such loanwords in the Japanese language. Many of them are well-established in the language and in everyday use. The Japanese isolation from the West was interrupted by the arrival of the US war ships at the Tokyo port in the mid-19th century. The nation was urged to accept American requests to open trade routes and diplomacy, which had further affected linguistic changes and the enrichment of the Japanese language with numerous foreign words. In the 1930s, the Japanese government was against the introduction of foreign cultures; thus, leading to the elimination of foreign words from the language during the war. However, during the six-year US occupation, the Americans oversaw and greatly influenced the rebuilding of the Japanese society. Once again, Japan invested tremendous effort to westernize its society. The eliminated words again returned to the language, and the "boom" of foreign culture adoption was restored, which has remained the case until today. The study "nihon no sankoutosho", Reference books of Japan, published by Nihon toshoukan kyoukai (Japan Association of Libraries 1980) shows that, , aided by the spread of mass media, over a half of the 25,000 borrowed words in the Kadokawa's Loanword Dictionary entered the Japanese language after World War II and most of them are taken from English. When the elements of one foreign culture and language are lent to another language, they adapt to its new cultural and linguistic context. The majority of loanwords in Japanese exhibit an orthographic, phonological, structural or semantic connection with the linguistic system of the language from which they are taken. The need to add vowels to English words to fit into the syllabic structure of the Japanese language resulted in very long loanwords. Borrowed words are often abbreviated either upon or after entering the language. This usually involves cutting off the end of a word that is left out. Blending has also occurred - it is obtained by a combination of abbreviated words which results in new expressions that do not exist in English.

Why “Bad journalism” formula is used?

The article deals with the discussions about one of the problems of the global media, "bad journalism". Western experts cite an example of "bad journalism" by American media magnate William Randolph Hearst in journalism in 1898. This is an example of a British journalist, former editor of the London-based “Observer”, taken from “Universal Journalist” by David Rendall for the journalists from Central Asia. The article includes a publication and the forces behind it, including February 17: "The enemy has a hand in destroying a war ship", February 18: "The whole country is in a military malaria," February 20: "Havana residents are insulting the memories of those who died in “Maine”, February 23: “Maine's treacherous demolition”, February 26: “The Journal urged its readers to write a letter to congressmen of their choice”, March 22: "War is the only way out of crisis!”, March 28:“ War or shame? "April 1: “War!”, April 6: “The war is not so long”; April 13: “Congress is about to announce war!”. All of the above mentioned materials can prove the actions committed in order to attract the population to the war, to make the leaders of Spain worried about the case and to disturb the US military. For the formula of "bad journalism" by the author of the article, D. Rendall, he suggests to exemplify a one-on-one review of the events of May 13, 2005 in Andijan, Uzbekistan. First of all, the court found that foreign journalists had visited Andijan three days ago. Hearst also sent his reporter three days in advance. The BBC and other Western media were misinformed, and worst of all, other countries media outlets blindly copied. It is the first of its consequences for the world community that false information is being spread as truth. The author compares the first news released to the "unexpected shock" in the American-Japanese conflict and its effectiveness. Even after the Uzbek authorities reported that the intruders had killed the border guards, soldiers and officers, and then raided the city with the help of international terrorists before taking over the Andijan region, it was not recognized as truth. Instead of correcting information, new charges-have been filed, such as those in the Hearst case. More than one hundred sailors died in the 1898 US shipwreck. Blood shed. The indictment: "The Spanish government did this." There was bloodshed in Andijan as well. The charge is the same - "The Uzbek government did this." The BBC did not say, “It would not have happened if there had not been an international terrorist attack”. The author simply answers the question of “why?” by saying that their purpose was different.

System of Systems Architecture for Generic Torpedo Defence System for Surface Ships

Protecting war ships from torpedo attack is considered as the most challenging task in Anti-Submarine Warfare. Torpedo Defence System (TDS) is an essential fitment on modern high value platforms. Timely detection and identification of a torpedo attack is the primary function of a TDS. Localisation and countermeasures against the weapon are the next stage in torpedo defence. Detection of modern torpedoes with long endurance can only be achieved using an underwater sensor suit with wide frequency coverage. Tactical use of multiple counter measures is essential for evading an attacking torpedo with intelligent homing mechanism. Individual sensors and counter measures are no longer considered as a solution; they are rather considered as components of a large network of systems to protect the platform from torpedo attack. A System of Systems (SOS) architecture with multiple sensors, processing techniques, countermeasures and tactics are presented in this paper for achieving fail-safe torpedo defence capability.

A Research of Shipbuilding Industry in Medieval Bengal

The present paper an attempt has been made the shipbuilding industry and its impact on maritime trade activities of Bengal. It was one of the major industries of Bengal and played an important role of maritime trade relations with Europe, Africa and Asia. Our attempt is mainly confined to the limits of the medieval Bengal. The methods of shipbuilding has mentioned in the contemporary sources of Persian, Arabic, Chinese, European and local sources. Though the maritime ships of Bengal were made Arabian and Chinese style but the war ships construction totally followed indigenous styles by the local technicians.

Oregonscape

OREGONSCAPE LIBERTY SHIPS, a type of cargo ship built between 1941 and 1945, were critical to maintaining supply lines during World War II. The Thomas Condon, pictured here during its June 17, 1943, launch, was named after a noted Oregon geology professor and eductator. The Thomas Condon was one of many ships built by the Oregon Shipbuilding Company, one of Kaiser’s largest shipyards in the Northwest. The Oregon Shipbuilding Company, located along the Willamette River in the St. John’s neighborhood of Portland, was one of eighteen shipyards building Liberty ships across the United States. Over the course of four years, 2,710 ships were built in total — an average of three ships every two days. Liberty ships were eventually replaced by Victory ships toward the end of the war, which were larger, had a more modern design, and had more powerful engines. Following the armistice in 1945, many of these war ships were converted to tbring soldiers back home. The Thomas Condon was sold after the war and eventually scrapped in 1967. — Matthew Cowan, OHS Moving Images and Photography Archivist THE THOMAS CONDON Liberty ship is pictured here in June 17, 1943, at its launch from the Oregon Shipbuilding Company shipyards in northwest Portland. Find this and other OregonScapes at www.ohs.org/oregonscape OHS Research Library, Bean Collection, org. lot. 1413 ...

Razzle Dazzle

Jens Tang Kristensen: “Razzle Dazzle. The Camouflaged Avant-Garde”This article demonstrates that Razzle Dazzle, a type of camouflage applied to war and merchant ships in the early twentieth century, can be seen as a complex form of visual expression that emerged in close dialogue with several of the avant-garde movements which appeared in the same period. In a sense Razzle Dazzle can thus further be seen as a mode by which the avant-garde was inadvertently integrated into the military sector, which certain avant-garde groups, namely the Futurists, idealized.

Preserving the Effectiveness of UNCLOS despite a Party’s Non-Appearance? Some Remarks on the Arctic Sunrise Arbitration (Netherlands V. Russia) in the Context of Human Rights Protection

On August 14th 2015 an Arbitral Tribunal established under Annex VII to the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) delivered an Award on the Merits in the matter of the Arctic Sunrise Arbitration (The Kingdom of the Netherlands v. the Russian Federation).The Arctic Sunrise case constitutes an interesting basis of discussion for several reasons, one of them being that it was the first case in which the respondent state refused to appear before a court or tribunal constituted under UNCLOS. The uniqueness of the Arctic Sunrise arbitration may also stem from the fact that it appears to be the first case in the UNCLOS-based dispute settlement scheme which concerned a vessel other than a fishing vessel or a war ship. But more importantly, the Arctic Sunrise case allowed the Arbitral Tribunal to examine the question of how and to what extent it may apply “other rules of international law” not incompatible with UNCLOS. Following a brief overview of the facts of the case, the analysis focuses on the ITLOS Order of November 22nd 2013 concerning provisional measures and the Arbitral Tribunal Order of August 15th 2015 on the merits of the case.Keywords: UNCLOS, effectiveness, non-appearance, Arctic Sunrise Arbitration, Human rights

Superconducting rotating machines: A review of the past 30 years and future perspectives

Research and development of superconducting rotating machines has a history spanning greater than 30 years. Earlier, superconducting homo-polar DC machines that used low temperature superconductors may have found the first practical applications in superconducting rotating machines; however, it cannot be said with certainty, given their use in secretive war ships. Superconducting synchronous generators cooled by liquid helium are well developed, particularly by the Super-GM project in Japan. The paper discusses fundamental subjects in the design, manufacture, operation, control, and performance in power systems. The development of oxide superconducting wires and bulks, has found applications in superconducting electric motors (mainly synchronous ones), the structures of which are very similar to the generators. The paper also discusses the power system problems addressed by superconducting equipment, which have arisen due to the increase in the number of renewable sources of energy. The paper assesses the solutions offered by superconductivity to the above mentioned challenges.

Las infraestructuras portuarias de la bahía de Cádiz ante el reto del monopolio americano

The transfer of the Casa de la Contratacion from Seville to Cadiz in 1717 was justified by the navigability problems of the Guadalquivir river, which hindered the continuity of the Sevillian monopoly. Faced with this, the Bay of Cadiz seemed to be much better suited to the demands of the Carrera de Indias , by offering a more suitable and functional port for the fleets. In fact, the head of American colonial traffic had already been officially transferred to Cadiz in 1680. The transfer of the governing institutions of the Carrera –the Casa de la Contratacion and the Consulado de Cargadores – appeared as the logical consequence in this process of tilting of the capital of the American monopoly. The question that addresses this paper is what were the real conditions of navigability that presented the Bay of Cadiz in those moments and how they were modified by the new role that had to assume to him. At the same time, this paper examines how the Cadiz port system evolved face of the new Atlantic situation, bearing in mind that the Bay of Cadiz not only assumed the capital of the American monopoly, but was also designated as one of the three maritime departments that resulted from the Bourbon reorganization of the Navy. The resulting intense naval traffic, both merchant ships and war ships, introduced changes and raised logistical needs that demanded effective responses. The purpose of this paper is to explore these interesting issues, especially in regard to the running of the Carrera de Indias .

John Baxter Langley: radicalism, espionage and the Confederate Navy in mid-Victorian Britain

ABSTRACTThe article deals with the attempts by the Confederate military to utilize the shipbuilding facilities of Britain for the construction of warships, commerce raiders and blockade-runners. It also details Federal strategies to prevent these endeavors. In particular, it examines the actions of John Baxter Langley a British radical or ‘advanced Liberal’ who, motivated by an innate opposition to slavery, became involved in the American conflict. Langley represented a group of politically educated, working- and middle-class activists who generated a constant stream of pro Northern propaganda, newspaper editorials, meetings and demonstrations. In doing so they linked the poverty inflicted by the Northern cotton embargo with the similar, and greater suffering endured by the enslaved workers of the Southern states. Langley is perhaps unique in the fact that he became directly involved in the clandestine contest to create, or to uncover, foreign-built ships of war involved in the American Civil War.