Waqf Institutions Research Articles

A Comparative Study of Blockchain Framework for Waqf Management System

This paper discusses the blockchain frameworks for evaluating trustworthiness in managing waqf management system. The frameworks are Ethereum, Hyperledger, Finterra Waqfchain and Waqf Blockchain (WB). The invention of the blockchain has offered many benefits to the waqf institution since this institution faced many challenges such as lack of data transparency, accountability issues, weak of historical records, improper audit and improper compliance practices that may breaks donors’ trust to use waqf system as a platform to make donation. However, the framework has their own pros and cons in order to make waqf management system more transparent, trusted and efficient. As a result, Ethereum framework shows the most suitable blockchain platform that can be used for the waqf management system.

Higher Education Financing Model Through Cash Waqf: An Exploratory Study

The purpose of this study was to analyze the financing model for higher education through cash waqf. The data used is primary data obtained from the results of interviews (in-depth interviews) with experts who have an understanding of the problems discussed. The number of participants required is 3 participants. In addition, data was collected from a library review. The analytical method used in this study used a qualitative method with the help of atlas ti software. The results of the study indicate that in an effort to support sustainable higher education, it is necessary to establish a cash waqf institution managed by the higher education, after that cash waqf funds can be used for the purposes of higher education institutions such as student scholarships, allowances for lecturers and education staff, facilities and infrastructure, and investment.

Analisis Dampak Penerapan Strategi Pengelolaan Terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Pengelolaan Wakaf Uang

This study uses a descriptive qualitative method to analyze the strategy of the ACT Global Waqf Institution in managing cash waqf and determine the impact of implementing strategic plan on the management of the ACT Global Waqf Institution's of cash waqf. The results of the study show that First, there are 3 strategic plans implemented by the Global Waqf Institute ACT, namely Creating an Ecosystem Program that touches from upstream to downstream, Managing cash waqf funds professionally, Conducting regular evaluations. Second, the impact of implementing strategic plans on the management of ACT Global Waqf cash waqf in 2017-2018 was very effective due to an increase in percentage in 2017 of 6.79% and in 2018 of 95.48%. However, in 2019 the impact of implementing the strategic plan was less effective due to a decrease in the percentage of -21.60%, this could be due to different economic problems every year, therefore it must be re-evaluated by updating existing programs.

Conceptualizing Financial Risk and Investment Diversification towards the Efficiency of Waqf Institutions in Malaysia

This study aims to conceptualize on how financial risks i.e., liquidity and credit risk, and investment diversification relate to waqf institution’s efficiency in Malaysia. Past studies were reviewed to identify the relevant theories and empirical evidence relating to efficiency, liquidity risk, credit risk and investment diversification. Conceptually, it is found that the inefficiency of waqf institutions in managing its waqf property is mainly due to the exposure of liquidity and credit risk. However, investment diversification strategies allow waqf institutions to generate higher potential returns and subsequently enhance its financial resources. Thus, diverse investment portfolio could moderate the impact of liquidity and credit risk on the efficiency of waqf institutions. In fact, waqf institution’s efficiency has been rarely examined in studies due to its unique operation and the absence of accurate measurement. This research proposes a framework that is the first to link the efficiency of the waqf institution with financial risk, and investment diversification as a moderator. This could be an impetus for future empirical research. Indeed, the framework has indirectly emphasized the importance of risk management for waqf institutions.

Application of GIS (Geographical Information System) in The Management of Waqf Lands in Selangor

A study was undertaken to search for opportunities to apply Geographical Information System (GIS) into the management and administration of waqf institution. Selangor Islamic Religious Council (MAIS) is a trustee responsible to manage waqf property affairs in Selangor. It was reported that recently in Selangor, there are 832 recorded lots of land bequeathed by the Selangor Islamic Religious Council (MAIS). Out of these, 517 falls under general waqf land category and the remaining are under specific waqf land category. These lands are used as construction sites for mosques, orphanages and schools. Waqf property should be managed systematically so that the property can be utilized for developing Islamic society. Waqf property data should be updated in a systematic manner as it can ease managing and planning, so that it can be fully used. In this study GIS has proven generating accurate, cadastral maps of waqf land defining legal repositioning of ex-land ownership, status and location, enhancing systematic planning and management of waqf land. The role of GIS should be recognized and be an essential for waqf land management throughout the country.

Factors necessary for effective corporate waqf management for Malaysian public healthcare

PurposeThis research paper aims to determine the factors needed to propose a platform where waqf (Islamic endowment) organizations can collaborate with government public hospitals to develop corporate waqf hospitals. Consequently, the elements of governance and sustainability are included in the management of corporate waqf hospitals thereby leading to the corporatization of public hospitals.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts the qualitative research methodology and undertakes content analysis of data collected from journal articles, magazines and official websites. Data analysis involves open coding with NVivo 12.FindingsGeneral findings from the literature review have shown that architectural and engineering fundamentals were essential factors in the success of past waqf hospitals of the era between 8th and 14th centuries. In that era, the decentralized waqf-based hospitals employed the mutawalli (the trustee/manager of the waqf assets) to govern the administration of the hospitals. Present corporate waqf hospitals can exploit the elements identified from past waqf-based hospitals and additionally adopt the private-public partnership model in the form of a muḍārabah (profit-sharing contract) agreement to design a sustainable waqf governance model for Malaysian public healthcare services.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed platform is designed for a corporate waqf model developed in collaboration between Malaysian waqf institutions and public healthcare services. It abides by both the Malaysian fatwa (Islamic rulings) on waqf and the laws of the Malaysian Government.Practical implicationsThere is potential for developing the Malaysian corporate waqf-governance healthcare model which will enable the hospital to provide better quality healthcare to more patients through upgrading the quality of equipment used in hospitals and/or better facilities at equal or lower costs. Consequently, this will not only improve waqf management and distribution but also result in reduction of government expenditure.Social implicationsThis research promotes the concept of a corporate waqf hospital which will provide innumerable beneficial healthcare services in terms of improved healthcare quality at affordable costs to the general public and at no cost to the poor and the underprivileged.Originality/valueAlthough waqf has played an important role as a vehicle for Islamic financing in the society for centuries, a model of collaboration or partnership of waqf with public healthcare services has yet to be explored and developed. With proper corporate governance and well-managed sustainability in a corporate waqf model, this newly developed partnership between waqf institutions and public healthcare providers can be a first step in many more interesting collaborative arrangements that can be established between waqf institutions and public services in the future.

Revitalisasi Pengelolaan Wakaf di Kota Langsa Perspektif Undang-Undang Wakaf

This article discusses the problems of managing waqf assets in Aceh. Until now, waqf management is still traditional regarding fiqh books, even though Indonesia has issued special regulations on waqf management. The purpose of this research is to analyze the management of waqf in Langsa City. This research is empirical legal research with a normative sociological approach. This article argues that waqf management is still traditional due to the understanding of the community and the Nazir think that waqf is only in the form of land and intended for worship facilities only. In addition, there is still a tug of war in the management of waqf assets between indigenous peoples and the government. Revitalization needs so that waqf assets can managed properly and correctly. The direction of revitalizations is; First , it relates to waqf regulation; second , nazir; third , the waqf paradigm (waqf culture); fourth ,l waqf institution.

The Reformation of Waqf Institution to Improve The Potential of Waqf in Indonesia

This paper will describe a plan to reform the waqf institution, including the ideal business operations, the structure of the waqf institution, and how to build confidence in the waqf agency in Indonesia. Currently, the growth of waqf has enticed the government to better administer the waqf. Due to a lack of confidence, many individuals are hesitant to pay waqf. As a result, if the government wishes to enhance waqf revenue, the waqf institution in Indonesia should be reformed. Waqf institutions may be bettered in a number of ways. To begin, create new business processes and organizational structures that separate the collection, asset management, and disbursement processes; second, create a single institution supervised by the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia to manage endowment funds from waqf; and third, use blockchain to increase the trust of waqf institutions among society.

PEMETAAN POTENSI WAKAF PRODUKTIF DI KOTA PEKANBARU

This research is motivated by the lack of full implementation of productive endowments in Pekanbaru and the lack of management of productive waqf in Pekanbaru. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze Productive Waqf Mapping in Pekanbaru. The theoretical framework used is Mapping theory with indicators of data collection stages, data presentation stages, and data use settings. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques using observation, interviews, documentation, literature study. The sample used is the saturated sample, the agency responsible for Productive mapping Waqf. This study indicates that Productive Waqf in Pekanbaru City has not been appropriately implemented due to the lack of people in productive earning and government participation to further optimize the empowerment of Waqf in Pekanbaru City in general. As for the Constraints and Obstacles of the Ministry of Religion in the process of Supervising Institution of Waqf in Pekanbaru City are: firstly, the lack of socialization budget for Productive Waqf, Secondly the Lack of Human Resources in managing Productive Waqf, Third Communities still think consumptive to be representative, fourth which became a reference in the city of Pekanbaru.

Waqf and Authority Dynamics: Reconfigurations of a Pious Institution in Colonial Malabar, South India

The formative years of Darul Uloom, Vazhakkad, a well-known Muslim waqf institution in northern Kerala in India established in the late nineteenth century for imparting religious education, is examined in this article. Darul Uloom is probably the first registered waqf in Kerala and by analysing the registered waqf deeds of this institution, we seek to understand the operation of authority and management in the initial years of this institution, especially in the background of contestations between emergent Islamic reformists and traditionalists. We trace the significant reformulation of the foundational intent evident in the subsequent deeds by later custodians and the intervention of various social groups, particularly the local community, in refashioning the trajectory of the waqf. A shift in authority—a complex product of theological, political and economic contestations emerged in the context of transformations brought by British Colonialism in Malabar—is evident in this process. Through our analysis, we suggest that waqf institutions and its legal foundations were highly dynamic and adaptive to their changing social contexts as against the portrayal of these Islamic institutions as stagnant and inflexible.

Potensi Wakaf Uang dan Model Pengembangannya: Studi Kasus di Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri

Based on Article 28C of the 1945 Constitution, everyone has the right to education. Educational institutions have an important role in the development and progress of a country. In developed countries, many of the world's best campuses are funded by waqf funds. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, the character is still not comprehensive. This study aims to determine the potential of cash waqf for the development of educational institutions, namely IAIN Padangsidimpuan. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with a case study approach. Data collection was carried out through interviews with informants and searching for various supporting documents from websites and other official publications. The results of this study indicate that the potential for cash waqf for education at IAIN Padangsidimpuan is IDR 368,690,000.00 per month or IDR 4,424,280,000.00 per year. IAIN Padangsidimpuan's Waqf Board is needed as an independent waqf institution to manage waqf funds. The cash waqf development model for education at IAIN Padangsidimpuan uses the second method where some of the waqf funds are used for investment and partly for higher education operational financing. Where sustainable management is important in the development of a cash waqf model for education.

STRATEGI MANAJEMEN FUNDRAISING WAKAF OLEH LEMBAGA WAKAF AL-AZHAR DALAM OPTIMALISASI WAKAF UANG

Waqf management is the process of an organization in planning, organizing, leadership, and supervising various efforts of Nazhir to support the organization in achieving optimal goals. The purpose of this study is to determine how the implementation of the cash waqf fundraising strategy implemented in the Al-Azhar Waqf institution. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach and uses purposive sampling. The results of this study concluded that the money waqf fundraising strategy by the Al-Azhar Waqf institution was implemented using the 5 ways method of funding and increasing your waqf fund. In addition, the Al-Azhar Waqf institution in carrying out the fundraising management strategy has implemented the fundraising management functions properly, namely planning, organizing, leadership, and supervision. However, in the implementation of fundraising activities there are obstacles that need to be considered in order to launch waqf fundraising activities, namely the lack of human resources both in terms of quality and quantity. Thus, this obstacle becomes an obstacle in the productivity of fundraiser activities in optimizing the collection of waqf funds.

The effect of motivating language and management effectiveness: empirical evidence from Waqf institutions in Malaysia

PurposeThis study aims to extend the investigation on leader communication by assessing the usage of motivating language (ML) by leaders in Waqf institutions in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachData analysis was carried out using structural equation modelling via the partial least squares. The probability sampling technique was deemed more suitable for this study as the available data was definable for constructing the sampling frame.FindingsManagement effectiveness was shown to have a significant effect on direction-giving and meaning-making language (MML), but not on empathetic language (EL). The findings demonstrate that increasing use of directive and MML leads to greater management performance; however, increased use of EL has no such effect.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings should not be taken as a comprehensive solution for improving the management effectiveness of all Waqf institutions. As the study only focused on the aspect of leader communication in Waqf institutions, the findings cannot be generalized to other contexts. Additionally, this study had only examined religious-based non-profit organizations (NPOs) with affiliations to a religious body, mission statements that incorporate religious values, financial support from religious sources and governance structure and employee selection based on religious processes. Hence, the findings cannot be used as a reference in the context of non-religious NPOs.Practical implicationsThis paper contributes to the theoretical enhancement of existing literature about leader communication towards improving institutional effectiveness. The current study has empirically tested the model through the integration of the ML theory. Thus, the leader’s choice of language improves employee motivation and ultimately institutional productivity and effectiveness.Originality/valueThere is a glaring gap in empirical studies on the relationship between ML usage by leaders and management effectiveness specifically in the context of Malaysian organizations. Based on rigorous searches using the Scopus and Web of Sciences databases, it was found that past studies investigating the said relationship had focused more on Western countries. This is a crucial gap that must be addressed to gain a deeper understanding of the effect of ML on management effectiveness, especially in the Malaysian setting.

Ulayat Land as a Wakf Object According to Law No 41 Year 2004 Case Study Todairi District Berampu

Waqf is one of the Islamic philanthropy that carries the common interest. In the order of life, the Muslim community in the district of Berampu, Dairi district, is a Muslim minority. But even so, the spirit and practice of carrying out their religion is very strong. In this regard, including the concern is the spirit of the community to develop and increase the benefits of ulayat land, ulayat land is also waqf.This research aims to Knowing the position of ulayat land as an object of waqf by the people of Berampu sub-district, Dairi district in terms of Law No. 41 of 2004. To answer these problems, a field research was conducted with a qualitative research analysis model which was analyzed through a positive legal theory approach and Islamic law. Based on the results of the study it is known that the implementation of customary land waqf carried out by the people of the Berampu sub-district, as the researchers described earlier is not in accordance with Law No. 41 of 2004 concerning waqf. This is because 1)Customary land is not an object of waqf. This can be seen in PP No. 24 of 1997 in lieu of PP No. 10 of 1961 which states that customary land is not the object of land registration, while in PP no. 24 of 1997, waqf land is the object of land registration. So from this it can be seen that ulayat land is not actually an object of waqf. Because the object of waqf is land that has been registered in accordance with applicable regulations. 2) The practice of waqf carried out by the community of Berampu sub-district, Dairi Regency, is still mostly done verbally and not before PPAIW and is only based on mutual trust without any irar waqf deed as authentic evidence that the land has been waqfed for use in the public interest. As for the factors that cause the practice of waqf of ulayat land in Berampu sub-district, Dairi district are 1) Lack of public knowledge about waqf regulations in Indonesia. 2) The community still holds strongly to customs and habits that have been passed down from generation to generation. 3) The desire of the community to do charity through waqf institutions but not accompanied by knowledge.

A systematic literature review on the socio-economic roles of waqf: evidence from organization of the Islamic cooperation (OIC) countries

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the role of waqf in the socio-economic development of the organization of the Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries. Various projects currently use waqf as an instrument for socio-economic development, as reported in the scholarly literature. This study will investigate this literature to explore trends in waqf studies and the role of this Islamic form of endowment in the socio-economic development of OIC countries.Design/methodology/approachThis systematic literature review focuses on peer-reviewed journals and data obtained from the Mendeley database using specific criteria to analyze the socio-economic developmental role of waqf in OIC countries from 2011‐2020.FindingsThe socio-economic developmental role of waqf in OIC countries has been widely studied. In total, 68 academic articles were found that are relevant to themes of poverty alleviation, social welfare, entrepreneurship, education, health services and religious facilities. They reveal that the role of waqf in social welfare was the most discussed topic in the research. In addition, the majority of studies used an interview method to study waqf institutions in nine OIC countries. Furthermore, the number of publications on the theme has increased significantly every year, although the largest proportion occurred in unindexed journals.Practical implicationsThis study provides an overview of research trends in the socio-economic developmental role of waqf. Its results can provide practical input for waqf institutions as they encourage its practice in OIC countries, and for policymakers in formulating their management strategies to promote the role of waqf in the social and economic aspects of society.Originality/valueThis paper reviews the current development of the socio-economic role of waqf in OIC countries. It will help researchers improve their understanding of this role. It will also provide waqf managers in OIC countries with adequate information on waqf projects which they can implement to achieve socio-economic development in their countries.

Cash waqf from the millennials' perspective: a case of Indonesia

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the awareness and willingness level of millennials in Indonesia towards cash waqf (cash endowment). Cash waqf has gained huge attention in Indonesia because of its flexibility, especially after the Majlis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) officially announcing in 2002 that cash waqf practices in the country are Sharīʿah-compliant. Millennials comprise 33.75% of the total Indonesian population. Therefore, it is vital to analyze cash waqf from an Indonesian perspective. This study provides vital information for all institutions that are concerned with the enhancement of cash waqf contributions in Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachSelf-structured questionnaires were distributed in Java Island to collect the data. The data were examined by employing suitable statistical tools. Besides, post-interview fact-finding was conducted with cash waqf experts from different related institutions in Indonesia to reach a more in-depth understanding about cash waqf issues.FindingsThe results depict a high level of awareness about cash waqf among millennials in Indonesia. The results further reveal a lower willingness level to contribute to cash waqf of the sample population as compared to their level of awareness about cash waqf. Moreover, cash waqf promotions must focus on delivering a deeper understanding about the concept and how it differs from other types of Islamic philanthropy. The results suggest that waqf trustees in the country must be more transparent. Moreover, the Indonesian Waqf Board should implement stricter rules to monitor waqf trustees.Research limitations/implicationsThis research restricts the sample population to Indonesian Muslims who were born between 1980 and 2000.Practical implicationsAs a Muslim-majority country, one would expect Indonesia to make much progress in cash waqf. By providing an explanatory understanding of willingness and awareness of cash waqf among Indonesians, this research can be helpful in designing proper educative marketing campaigns for future endowers to cash waqf activities to ensure cash waqf institutions provide efficient services. It is advisable to emphasize the transparency of waqf organizations. This will add to the nāz˙irs’ (waqf trustee) reputation, thereby boosting waqf's national shares by ensuring a proper allocation of cash waqf. The regulator should be more strict in monitoring nāz˙ir practices. For instance, it could include a periodic assessment of waqf entities.Originality/valueThis study is original in nature; there is no previous study that addresses the millennial’s perspective toward cash waqf in Indonesia. Hence, this study presents precious information for policy makers, practitioners and researchers.

The Contribution Of Waqf Institution As A Financial Tool In Addressing Poverty Reduction: Evidence From The Literature

The paper reviewed the Waqf literature as a basis to analyze its contribution as a financial tool in addressing Poverty Reduction in Nigeria. The study is purely exploratory that relies on desktop research. The research uses previous studies for the analysis, which include news articles, government publications, and websites. The secondary data were obtained from the Holy Qur’an as the Primary source of Shari’ah (Islamic law), which were used to back most of the arguments put forward for the assessment of Waqf in the study area. The study concluded that Waqf played a vital role in reducing poverty in Nigeria. The study recommends the need of Waqf awareness to be created to enlighten the rich men in the society and also for the government to ensure proper and adequate management of Waqf institution. This will help Islamic value-centric policymakers, regulatory authorities, investors, and researchers to gain an overall insight into the potentials of Waqf as a financial tool in reducing poverty.

Development Strategy of Islamic Boarding Schools-based Waqf (Case Study: Islamic Boarding Schools of Daarut Tauhiid, Bandung)

Management of Waqf by individual collectors dominates Waqf management in Indonesia. However, since Waqf laws stated that The individual and an institution could manage Waqf, the opportunity to develop Waqf is more open for Waqf institutions. One of the established Waqf institutions is the Daarut Tauhiid Waqf institution. This study aims to identify and analyze existing strategies and generate development strategies for Islamic Boarding School-based Waqf. The research method used was descriptive qualitative by using Business Model Canvas (BMC), Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat (SWOT), and Analytical Network Process (ANP) approaches. The researchers conducted this study in Daarut Tauhiid Islamic Boarding School Bandung from November 2020 to March 2021. The respondents were practitioners, namely the director and staff of Daarut Tauhiid Waqf institution, regulators from the Ministry of Religion, and academics from universities in Bogor and Jakarta. Data were collected from in-depth interviews and questionnaires from respondents. The most important development strategy to be implemented in the Daarut Tauhiid Waqf institution is the development of human resources competency. Therefore, competent human resources can establish a trusted, professional, and trustworthy team managing Waqf-based Islamic boarding schools.

Endower Requirements and Its Relationship to Modern Management at Waqf Institutions - A Comparative Study

There is a close relationship between the condition of the endower and the modern administration, whether as an organizational relationship or a purely administrative relationship, because the condition of the endower from the jurisprudential view is considered a criterion in determining the nature and powers of the endowment overseer Hence, it is important to know the legal background of the conditions of the endowment, so that we can imagine their relationship to the modern endowment institutions .This study comes to reveal these conditions, treat their effects, and clarify their privacy, to assess what should and what is forbidden according to a jurisprudential perspective, and what is related to management and what enhances it from a modern administrative perspective. In this research, the researcher used the descriptive analytical method, and some of the comparative method, by deeply analyzing the jurisprudential texts related to the subject of the study.

Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk (CWLS): An Alternative Instrument for Infrastructure Financing

Sukuk and waqf become an important component and contribute for the development of a country. The evidence of the success of waqf is seen in their contribution to the public interest, therefore waqf institutions are required to achieve it. In realizing the goal of creating productive waqf instruments, BWI and several stakeholders have created the Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk (CWLS) isntrument. This aims to encourage the consolidation of Islamic social funds and provide a safe social-based investment space, so far CWLS has contributed to the health sector as happened in hospitals. Achmad Wardi Attack Banten. This instrument also has great potential to cover the state budget deficit in meeting the financing of state infrastructure development.
 This paper uses descriptive qualitative method with literature review. it tries to explore the Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk as a potential instrument that can contribute positively to social welfare in Indonesia.