Foamed concrete is attracting the building community a lot due to the advantages of excellent light weight, thermal and sound insulation, and energy dissipation capacity. The prefabricated lightweight self-insulating foamed concrete (PLSFC) wall panels were manufactured by foamed concrete with A07 density and 0.147 W/ (m∙K) thermal conductivity, for enhancing building energy saving and seismic resilience. Mechanical property and durability of foamed concrete, and the flexural bearing capacity, impact resistance, hanging force performance of PLSFC wall panels were investigated. Test results demonstrated that foamed concrete had impermeability satisfying most relevant wall material specifications in China. While, the dry shrinkage performance could not meet current specifications, but showed better effect in comparison to previous researches. The PLSFC wall panels of 150 mm thickness possessed well mechanical behavior including flexural bearing capacity, impact resistance and hanging capacity, which satisfied the requirements in Chinese standards. For flexural bearing capacity, the 150 mm thick PLSFC wall panels can withstand more than 2.5 times self-weight load, surpassing the regulatory requirement of 1.5 times self-weight load at the deflection limit (i.e., 1/200 of the wall panel span). The mid-span deflection of PLSFC wall panels could be reasonably estimated using the short-term stiffness calculation formula subjected to flexural load, as specified in Chinese code. Through the experimental and theoretical analysis, design guidelines for the application of the proposed wall panels in practical engineering are provided, and lay a foundation for improving the seismic resilience of the structure.