Wait-list Group Research Articles

O075 Improving Sleep Health in Paramedics through an App-based Intervention: A Randomised Waitlist Control Trial

Abstract Introduction Paramedics engaging in shiftwork arrangements face unique challenges that impact their sleep health, potentially compromising performance and wellbeing. This study investigated whether tailored sleep health advice delivered through the Sleepfit mobile application improved sleep health in paramedics. Methods We conducted a two-group randomised waitlist-controlled trial. Fifty-eight paramedics were randomised to the intervention group (n = 29) or the waitlist group (n = 29). Intervention group participants trialled Sleepfit for 14 days, during which waitlist control participants continued as usual, before being provided with Sleepfit for 14 days. During the 14-day intervention period, Sleepfit provided tailored sleep health education for shift workers, relaxation exercises, and a sleep diary to track sleep quantity and quality. Measures of sleep health (e.g., ISI, FSS, ESS, SHI) were completed at baseline, 14 days following, and 3-month follow-up. Multiple linear regression models were conducted to test the impact of the intervention on sleep health outcomes. Results Participants reported an average two-point reduction in both ISI (p = 0.01) and SHI (p = 0.01) scores, as well as a significant improvement in sleep satisfaction (p = 0.01) at post-intervention measurement. All other measures remained unchanged. This may be due to limited intervention impact, insufficient participant numbers, a short intervention period, or a ceiling effect. Conclusion This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the use of Sleepfit as an intervention in improving measures of sleep health in some shiftworkers. Further investigations, including objective assessments of sleep, are needed to validate these self-report measures in larger cohorts of shiftworkers.

Developing digital interventions for a post-Covid world: A smartphone-based approach-avoidance training to reduce alcohol craving.

Harmful alcohol use is a major public health issue. In-person treatment has been hindered by the restrictions necessary during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study examined the effects of an at-home smartphone-based cognitive bias modification training in heavy drinkers. Experiment 1 tested the effect of a short 20-30-min smartphone-based approach-avoidance training (AAT) on image-induced craving at a 1-day follow-up. Sixty-two participants consuming 14+ units of alcohol/week were allocated to either the training or waitlist group. Experiment 2 used an updated version of the same short AAT intervention with a sample of n = 107 participants who consumed 20+ units of alcohol/week. Training effects at 1-week follow-up were compared to an active control group. Experiment 1 showed a significant reduction in image-induced craving for the training group at 1-day follow-up. Experiment 2 found that AUDIT weekly scores were significantly reduced at 1-week follow-up for the training group, all the while craving for soft drinks remained unchanged. Experiment 1 served as a first proof of concept for the efficacy of the new smartphone-based AAT training, and experiment 2 suggested that training effects on problem alcohol use hold at 1-week follow-up.

A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness: effects on university students’ mental health

BackgroundThe development of mental health disorders is common in the university population, and mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) seem to be effective in addressing them in different contexts. Thus, this study investigated the impact of an 8-week MBI adapted to university students from the Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBSR) on different symptoms related to mental health problems, specifically symptoms of anxiety, depression, stress and insomnia.MethodsUniversity students (n = 136) were randomized into MBI group (n = 71) or wait-list group (n = 65). All participants completed self-administered questionnaires before and after the intervention, and the experimental group answered questionnaires weekly during intervention. Generalized mixed models were used to assess the effects of the intervention.ResultsThere were improvements in the symptoms of stress (B = 5.76, p < 0.001), depression (B = 1.55, p < 0.01) and insomnia (B = 1.35, p = 0.020) from the beginning of the intervention to the final assessment when it was compared to the control group. No effect was found in respect of trait anxiety. The MBI was found to be effective in reducing important symptoms related to university students’ mental health, possibly grounding further research on the intervention’s potential of preventing the development of mental disorders.Trial registrationThe research was registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) - number RBR-63qsqx, approved at 09/16/2019.

“Becoming a values-driven self-care user”: Development of a group intervention for health and helping professional students

Self-care is aimed at achieving a balance between personal and professional life and supporting and promoting daily functioning. Though self-care is imperative for health and helping professional students given their caregiver responsibilities, training programs offer insufficient focus on self-care, and students' uptake of self-care is low. In the present study, we developed and evaluated a six-session group self-care intervention called Values-Based Self-Care (VBSC), based on Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT) principles. Both within-group changes for the intervention group, and group differences between the intervention and waitlist groups, were measured. Significant changes were found for participants who received the intervention on self-care, emotional distress, valued living, and self-esteem occurred. However, when comparing the intervention and waitlist control groups, meaningful differences were only found for self-care, valued living, and depression. This study highlights the need for support and time dedicated to consolidating self-care behaviors into health and helping professional students’ identities.

Participate CP 2: optimising participation in physically active leisure for children with cerebral palsy – protocol for a phase III randomised controlled trial

IntroductionChildren with cerebral palsy (CP) participate less in physical activities and have increased sedentary behaviour compared with typically developing peers. Participate CP is a participation-focused therapy intervention for children with...

Randomized Trial Evaluating a Self-Guided Lifestyle Intervention Delivered via Evidence-Based Materials versus a Waitlist Group on Changes in Body Weight, Diet Quality, Physical Activity, and Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Survivors.

Background: Lifestyle interventions for breast cancer survivors have proved effective at stimulating positive behavior change and promoting healthy weight loss, although integrating these programs into clinical practice is challenging. We evaluated the effect of a 6-month, unsupervised, self-guided, lifestyle intervention using printed materials and online videos vs. waitlist group on body weight for breast cancer survivors. Methods: The Lifestyle, Exercise and Nutrition (LEAN) Self-Guided trial randomized breast cancer survivors with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 to a 6-month lifestyle intervention (N = 102) or waitlist group (N = 103). Effects of the intervention on self-reported body weight, physical activity (PA), diet quality (via Health Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010)), and quality of life were assessed using mixed model repeated measures analysis. Results: At 6 months, the intervention arm had significantly greater weight loss compared with the waitlist group (mean difference = -1.3 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -2.5, -0.13). We observed suggestive improvements in PA (mean difference = 18.7 min/week, 95% CI = -24.2, 61.6), diet quality (mean difference in HEI = 3.2 points, 95% CI = -0.20, 6.5), and fatigue (mean difference in Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue scale = 1.4 points, 95% CI = -1.1, 3.9). Conclusions: The LEAN Self-Guided intervention led to favorable weight changes over 6 months. Low-resource-intensive programs have the potential to be delivered in diverse healthcare settings and may support breast cancer survivors in achieving a healthy body weight.

Feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a mental health self-management app in clinicians working during the COVID-19 pandemic: A pilot randomised controlled trial

COVID-19 affected the well-being of healthcare workers (HCWs) globally. Mental health app interventions (MHAIs) may offer appropriate and accessible means to support HCWs’ mental health. We conducted a pilot randomised controlled crossover trial involving 34 clinicians randomised to either a MHAI or a waitlisted group. After one month, outcome assessments were repeated and the waitlisted group then crossed over to the MHAI; they again completed outcome assessments after a month. The primary outcomes were feasibility, assessed with the Systems Usability Scale (SUS), and acceptability, assessed with the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ). Secondary outcomes included efficacy for various mental health parameters. The SUS and CSQ scores indicated above average feasibility and acceptability. There was a significant difference in anxiety from baseline to 1-month follow-up between the groups, with greater improvement in the MHAI group. The groups differed in resilience and patient-related burnout from baseline to 1-month follow-up, with a trend towards significance, with greater improvements in the MHAI group. Anxiety and acute stress disorder severity improved significantly from pre- to post-intervention. We demonstrated that MHAIs hold potential for improving well-being of HCWs, although these findings will need to be replicated in adequately powered trials.

FIRECARE: An Evidence-Based Prevention Program to Reduce Burnout among Prehospital Caregivers: Benefits of a Combined Mindfulness, Heart Coherence Training, and Positive Psychology Intervention

Background Burnout among emergency health care professionals is well-described, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prevention interventions, such as mindfulness, focus on the management of stress. Objective To evaluate the effects of the FIRECARE program (a mindfulness intervention, supplemented by heart coherence training and positive psychology workshops) on burnout, secondary stress, compassion fatigue, and mindfulness among advanced life support ambulance staff of the Paris Fire Brigade. Materials and methods We used a non-randomized, two-group quasi-experimental study design with a waitlist control and before-and-after measurements in each group. The intervention consisted of six, once-weekly, 2.5-h sessions that included individual daily meditation and cardiac coherence practice. The study compared intervention and waitlist control groups, and investigated baseline, post-program, and 3-month follow-up change on burnout (measuring using the ProQOL-5 scale) and mindfulness (measuring using the FMI scores). Baseline burnout (measured using the ProQOL-5) was evaluated and used in the analysis. Results Seventy-four 74 participants volunteered to participate; 66 were included in the final analysis. Of these, 60% were classified as suffering from moderate burnout, the ‘burnout cluster’. A comparison of intervention and waitlist control groups found a decrease in the burnout score in the burnout cluster (p = 0.0003; partial eta squared = 0.18). However, while secondary stress fell among the burnout cluster, it was only for participants in the intervention group; scores increased for those in the waitlist group (p = 0.003; partial eta squared = 0.12). The pre-post-intervention analysis of both groups also showed that burnout fell in the burnout cluster (p = 0.006; partial eta squared = 0.11). At 3-month follow-up, the burnout score was significantly reduced in the intervention group (p = 0.02; partial eta squared = 0.07), and both the acceptance (p = 0.007) and mindfulness scores (p = 0.05; partial eta squared = 0.05) were increased in the baseline burnout cluster. Conclusion FIRECARE may be a useful approach to preventing and reducing burnout among prehospital caregivers.

The Longitudinal Mediating Effect of Distress Tolerance in a Mindfulness-Based Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial

"Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the intermediary role of distress tolerance in Mindfulness-Based Intervention (MBI) with respect to self-perceived stress reduction. Method: One hundred and twenty-nine adults with a high level of emotional distress were randomized into MBI groups or a waiting-list group. Levels of mindfulness skills, self-perceived stress, and distress tolerance (tolerance, appraisal, absorption, and regulation) were measured four times: pre-test, week 3, week 6, and post-test. Results: The developmental trajectories modeled by the univariate latent growth curve showed that the factor intervention significantly predicted the slope of observing, non-reactivity, overall mindfulness, and distress appraisal during first six weeks. Bivariate latent growth curve models demonstrated a significant association between increases in the growth rate of distress appraisal and non-reactivity in participants receiving mindfulness training. Such an association was not observed among those who did not receive an MBI. Longitudinal mediation analyses further revealed that the effect of MBI on non-reactivity and self-perceived stress at week 6 was fully mediated by distress appraisal at week 3, respectively."

Improved depressive symptoms, and emotional regulation and reactivity, in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea after short- and long-term CPAP therapy use

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is associated with high rates of depression; however, if and how treatment of OSA improves depressive symptoms is unclear. To further understand this link we considered the role of emotional regulation – the ability to control and express our emotional responses – thought to be a central component of depression. This study aimed to assess changes in depressive symptoms and emotional responses in individuals with OSA after 4- and 12-months of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. One-hundred and twenty-one OSA participants (50 female, Mage = 51.93; mean AHI = 36.27) were recruited from a tertiary clinical sleep service prior to CPAP initiation, and randomised to either a CPAP group or a 4 month wait-list group. Participants completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Emotional Reactivity Scale and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale at baseline, and 1-, 2-, and 4-months follow-up. The CPAP group also completed the questionnaires 12-months after CPAP initiation. CPAP use at 1 month and 12 months was 5.1h/night and 4.9h/night, respectively. Significant improvements in depressive symptoms, emotional regulation and reactivity, and subjective sleepiness were observed after 4 months in both groups, however, the within group changes were only significant for those using CPAP. After 12-months of CPAP treatment, these improvements were maintained. There was no association between CPAP treatment adherence and improvements in any outcome. CPAP treatment for 12 months may reduce symptoms of depression and improve emotional regulation in individuals with OSA.

Understanding the impact of radical changes in diet and the gut microbiota on brain function and structure: rationale and design of the EMBRACE study.

Bariatric surgery leads to profound changes in gut microbiota and dietary patterns, both of which may interact to impact gut-brain communication. Though cognitive function improves postsurgery, there is a large variability in outcomes. How bariatric surgery-induced modifications in the gut microbiota and dietary patterns influence the variability in cognitive function is still unclear. To elucidate the associations between bariatric surgery-induced changes in dietary and gut microbiota patterns with cognition and brain structure. University hospital. A total of 120 adult patients (≥30 years) scheduled to undergo a primary bariatric surgery along with 60 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched patients on the surgery waitlist will undergo assessments 3-months presurgery and 6- and 12-month postsurgery (or an equivalent time for the waitlist group). Additionally, 60 age-and sex-matched nonbariatric surgery eligible individuals will complete the presurgical assessments only. Evaluations will include sociodemographic and health behavior questionnaires, physiological assessments (anthropometrics, blood-, urine-, and fecal-based measures), neuropsychological cognitive tests, and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Cluster analyses of the dietary and gut microbiota changes will define the various dietary patterns and microbiota profiles, then using repeated measures mixed models, their associations with global cognitive and structural brain alterations will be explored. The coordinating study site (Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, QC, Canada), provided the primary ethical approval (Research Ethics Board#: MP-32-2022-2412). The insights generated from this study can be used to develop individually-targeted neurodegenerative disease prevention strategies, as well as providing critical mechanistic information.

SALUDIVERSEX: A quality of life and sexual health intervention for adults with mild intellectual disabilities.

Individuals with intellectual disabilities need an affective and sexual education adapted to their characteristics. There are few interventions that meet these objectives and offer empirical evidence of their efficacy. To respond to the limitations of existing interventions, an evidence-based affective-sexual educational intervention for adults with a mild degree of intellectual disability is proposed: SALUDIVERSEX. Participants will be randomly assigned to an intervention group that will receive the SALUDIVERSEX program or to a waiting list group. The intervention will be implemented by educators of occupational centers after a thorough training phase. Our main hypothesis is that the SALUDIVERSEX program will improve the sexual health and quality of life, through the joint action built into three components: the acquisition of basic information, the development of skills and strategies and the achievement of healthy attitudes towards the experience and expression of sexuality. The results of this approach could have important implications for optimizing the quality of life and self-determination of individuals with Intellectual disability by contributing to the development of healthy sexuality.

A randomized controlled trial of Deep Brain Reorienting: a neuroscientifically guided treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder

ABSTRACT Background: Advanced neuroscientific insights surrounding post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its associated symptomatology should beget psychotherapeutic treatments that integrate these insights into practice. Deep Brain Reorienting (DBR) is a neuroscientifically-guided psychotherapeutic intervention that targets the brainstem-level neurophysiological sequence that transpired during a traumatic event. Given that contemporary treatments have non-response rates of up to 50% and high drop-out rates of >18%, DBR is investigated as a putative candidate for effective treatment of some individuals with PTSD. Objective: To conduct an interim evaluation of the effectiveness of an eight-session clinical trial of videoconference-based DBR versus waitlist (WL) control for individuals with PTSD. Method: Fifty-four individuals with PTSD were randomly assigned to DBR (N = 29) or WL (N = 25). At baseline, post-treatment, and three-month follow-up, participants’ PTSD symptom severity was assessed using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5). This is an interim analysis of a clinical trial registered with the U. S. National Institute of Health (NCT04317820). Results: Significant between-group differences in CAPS-total and all subscale scores (re-experiencing, avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions/mood, alterations in arousal/reactivity) were found at post-treatment (CAPS-total: Cohen’s d = 1.17) and 3-month-follow-up (3MFU) (CAPS-total: Cohen’s d = 1.18). Significant decreases in CAPS-total and all subscale scores were observed within the DBR group pre – to post-treatment (36.6% CAPS-total reduction) and pre-treatment to 3MFU (48.6% CAPS-total reduction), whereas no significant decreases occurred in the WL group. After DBR, 48.3% at post-treatment and 52.0% at 3MFU no longer met PTSD criteria. Attrition was minimal with one participant not completing treatment; eight participants were lost to 3MFU. Conclusions: These findings provide emerging evidence for the effectiveness of DBR as a well-tolerated treatment that is based on theoretical advances highlighting alterations to subcortical mechanisms in PTSD and associated symptomatology. Additional research utilizing larger sample sizes, neuroimaging data, and comparisons or adjacencies with other psychotherapeutic approaches is warranted. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04317820..

Effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy on resilience and quality of life in patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome

Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) is defined as an ongoing symptomatic illness in patients who have recovered from their initial COVID-19 infection which causes long term respiratory problems, muscle atrophy, etc. So, the current research aimed to examine effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy on resilience and health-related quality of life of PCS patients. The research deployed a quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests and 3-month follow-up with wait-list group. Thirty PCS patients from a specialized facility in Iran were recruited using available sampling method and were randomly assigned to either treatment or wait-list groups, each group 15 subjects. The subjects answered to Connor and Davidson's (2003) Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the World Health Organization's (1995) Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). The posttest score of resilience in the treatment and wait-list groups were 19.6 and 14.47, respectively, and their follow-up scores were 17.13 and 14.55, respectively. Also, total score of HRQoL in the treatment and wait-list groups in the posttest were 65.07 and 55.73 and in the follow-up were 63.27 and 54.6, respectively. The results showed that there were significant differences in the posttest scores of the dependent variables based on the groups. Also, the MANCOVA showed that the acceptance and commitment therapy was still significantly effective on the dependent variables three months after the last session. The ACT can significantly increase PCS patients' resilience and HRQoL even 3months after the intervention. The implications and limitations of the research are further discussed.

Effects of a culturally adapted counselling service for low-income ethnic minorities experiencing mental distress: a pragmatic randomised clinical trial

BackgroundCulturally competent early mental health interventions for ethnic minorities (EMs) with no formal diagnoses are needed.ObjectivesTo determine whether 8–12 weeks culturally adapted counselling (CAC) is better than waiting (waitlist (WL)...

Effects of virtual reality guided meditation in older adults: the protocol of a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Virtual reality (VR) based meditation has been shown to help increase relaxation and decrease anxiety and depression in younger adults. However, this has not been studied in Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) in the older adult population. The aim of this RCT is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a VR-guided meditation intervention for community-dwelling older adults and its effect on stress and mental health. We will recruit 30 participants aged ≥ 60 years, whose perceived stress score (PSS) is > 14 (moderate stress), and randomize them 1:1 to the intervention or control waitlist group. The intervention will involve exposure to eight 15-min VR-guided meditation sessions distributed twice weekly for 4-weeks. Two modalities will be offered: in-home and at the hospital. Baseline and post-intervention assessments will evaluate perceived stress, anxiety, depression, sleep quality, quality of life, and mindfulness skills. Analyses will employ mixed methods repeated ANOVA tests. Qualitative analyses through semi-structured interviews and participant observation will be used to assess participants' experiences. Study outcomes include: (A) feasibility and acceptability compared to a waitlist control (B) stress, using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS); (C) anxiety, and depression, using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); (D) insomnia, quality of life and mindfulness skills, using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) and Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire Short Forms (FFMQ-SF), respectively. We will also measure immersive tendencies, sickness and sense of presence using the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) and the Presence Questionnaire (PQ). Virtual reality-guided meditation could be an acceptable, feasible, safe, and cost-effective novel alternative health intervention for improving older adults' mental health.Clinical trial registration: NCT05315609 at https://clinicaltrials.gov.

A randomized controlled trial of group CBT with positive psychotherapy intervention for university students with maladaptive perfectionism in China.

The primary objective of this randomized controlled trial was to find a more economical and feasible intervention for maladaptive perfectionism, which is a risk and maintenance mechanism for various psychopathologies. In total, 64 university students who met the total inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to either group CBT with positive psychotherapy intervention or a 16-week waitlist (WL). The intervention group received 2 h of therapy for eight weekly sessions. Measurements of maladaptive perfectionism and the symptoms of depression and anxiety were conducted at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference in the scores of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale between the intervention group and the waitlist group at baseline (all p > 0.05). The intervention group had a significant main effect of time and a time × group interaction effect of the maladaptive aspects of perfectionism, Concern over Mistakes and Doubts about Actions, and depression and anxiety scores in comparison with the waitlist group at the post-intervention and 8-week follow-up and had no statistically significant effects on the scores for Personal Standards, Parental Expectation, and Parental Criticism. The analysis showed that group intervention reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety while reducing maladaptive aspects of perfectionism. This study added to the literature on CBT interventions for maladaptive perfectionism and indicated that group CBT with positive psychotherapy intervention had substantial long-term effects on the maladaptive perfectionism of university students in China. Moreover, the results indicated that the intervention increased participants' self-acceptance.

Effects of SRSD writing interventions in grade 3: examining the added value of attention vs. transcription training components

Children’s writing depends on strategic and self-regulated behaviors as well as on attention and transcription skills. Despite the well-established effectiveness of interventions based on the self-regulated strategy development model (SRSD), little is known about their effects when combined with the explicit teaching and systematic training of attention or transcription. This study compared the effects of SRSD interventions that taught students a planning strategy and how to use it compose text, with additional components of attention (via focused meditation exercises) or transcription (via copy and alphabet exercises). We used a quasi-experimental design with three groups of Portuguese third graders: SRSD + attention (n = 42), SRSD + transcription (n = 37), and wait list (n = 34). Measures of transcription, executive functions, motivation, written production, and academic achievement were collected before and after the interventions. Analyses of co-variance revealed that the SRSD + transcription group surpassed the others in terms of handwriting fluency as well as in terms of spelling accuracy, though only among the weakest spellers at pretest. Moreover, in comparison to the wait list group, both SRSD groups showed better planning skills, wrote more complete texts, and displayed better executive functioning at posttest. After the intervention, though the SRSD + transcription group produced better texts than their peers, the SRSD + attention group achieved better academic performance, but only among those with poorer grades at pretest. Regarding motivation, we only found an effect of the SRSD + transcription intervention on self-efficacy for ideation, among students with lower self-efficacy at pretest. These findings suggest the importance of articulating writing and self-regulation strategies with attention and transcription training in early schooling.

Effectiveness of Acceptance Commitment Therapy in Social Anxiety Disorder: Application of a Longitudinal Method to Evaluate the Mediating Role of Acceptance, Cognitive Fusion, and Values.

The aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on symptom severity, fear of negative evaluation, quality of life (QoL), and the mediating role of acceptance, cognitive fusion, and value among patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Thirty patients diagnosed with SAD were randomized in the intervention (n=15) or waiting list groups (n=15). The social phobia and Anxiety inventory (SPAI), brief fear of negative evaluation scale (BFNE), World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQoL) scale, social anxiety-acceptance and action questionnaire (SA-AAQ), cognitive fusion questionnaire (CFQ), and valued living questionnaire (VLQ) were administered before, immediately after, and at a one-month follow-up. Repeated measurement design was used in the intervention group to investigate the changes of mediation and outcomes variables in the pre-test, during treatment, and post-test. Twenty-four patients completed the study. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), and repeated measurements. There were significant differences between the intervention and waiting list groups in the severity of symptoms (P=0.001), fear of negative evaluation (P=0.002), and QoL (P=0.03), as well as in terms of specific measures of SA-AAQ (P=0.001), cognitive fusion (P=0.001), an important section of VLQ (P=0.001). Repeated measurement results showed that acceptance and action of social anxiety and cognitive fusion had a mediating role in the severity of social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and QoL. The results indicated the effectiveness of ACT for SAD and highlighted the mediator role of social anxiety, acceptance and action, and cognitive fusion in the severity of SAD. This study evaluated effectiveness of acceptance commitment therapy(ACT) on social anxiety disorders (SAD).This study evaluated mechanisms of change of ACT in SAD.ACT has effectiveness for SAD.Acceptance and action and cognitive fusion have mediator role in SAD. Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most psychiatric disorders. Although CBT has been effective for SAD, most patients continue to demonstrate residual symptoms and impairment after treatment. Over the past several years, a third-wave behavioral therapy has been developed within behavioral and cognitive approaches. Some researchers suggest a new generation of psychotherapists termed acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) that has many evidence in SAD. However, studies have not examined the mechanism of change of ACT in SAD using methods and proper instruments.in the present study ACT have effectiveness for SAD. In addition to, acceptance and action and cognitive fusion have mediator role in SAD.

Parental reminiscing training and preschoolers' memory and metacognition: A randomized controlled trial.

This randomized controlled trial explored the effects of parental reminiscing training on preschoolers' memory and metacognition among French-speaking White parents and their typically developing children (24 females, 20 males; Mmonths = 49.64) in Belgium. Participants were assigned, with age stratification, to the immediate intervention (n = 23) or waiting-list group (n = 21). The assessments were conducted by blind evaluators before the intervention, immediately after, and 6 months later. Resulting specifically from the intervention, parents sustainably improved their reminiscing style (e.g., greater provision of feedback and use of metamemory comments). The effects of the intervention on children's outcomes were, however, less clear. Based on the social-constructivist approach, such effects could be expected to occur later. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).