Waist Measurements Research Articles

Ultrasound-guided Deep Waist Fat Liposuction: Complement to a Narrow Waist.

For body contouring, the waist plays an important role in both male and female body structure. Currently, there are procedures that aim to achieve a narrow waist as a result, to achieve an adequate waist-to-hip ratio. This study proposes a technique of ultrasound-guided deep liposuction of the lumbar triangle to achieve favorable and safe aesthetic results. The technique was applied in 142 patients who provided informed consent. During liposuction, ultrasound was used as a guide to avoid contact with vital organs, and in the postoperative stage, a satisfaction survey was administered on the aesthetic results obtained. In addition, patients had a preoperative waist measurement and a postoperative waist measurement at 3 months. The deep liposuction technique in the lumbar triangle is safe, no serious complications were observed, and the results of the satisfaction survey regarding the aesthetic result after the third postoperative month showed 100% satisfaction. In addition, it was found that the body measurements of the waist before the operation and 3 months later showed a difference between 8 and 15 cm less in the diameter of the waist after the technique was applied. Deep liposuction of the lumbar region is a safe technique, due to the use of ultrasound for patient care, and enhances patient satisfaction with the aesthetic results.

The 5:2 Diet Affects Markers of Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity in Subjects with and without Type 2 Diabetes-A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial.

This non-randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the effect of the 5:2 diet on insulin levels as a primary outcome and markers of insulin secretion (connecting peptide (C-peptide) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1)) and sensitivity (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)), as well as body composition as secondary outcomes in overweight/obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Ninety-seven participants (62% women), 35 with T2D and 62 BMI- and waist-matched controls without T2D, followed the 5:2 diet (two days per week of fasting) for six months with a 12-month follow-up. At six months, there was no loss to follow-up in the T2D group, whereas four controls discontinued this study. Overall, 82% attended the 12-month follow-up. After the intervention, insulin levels decreased in the control group and glucose decreased in the T2D group, while C-peptide, HOMA-IR, waist circumference, BMI, trunk, and total fat% decreased in both groups. Furthermore, low IGFBP-1, indicating hyperinsulinemia, improved in the T2D group. The changes in fasting glucose and waist measurement were significantly more improved in the T2D group than in the controls. Persistent positive effects were observed at the 12-month follow-up. The 5:2 diet for six months was feasible and efficient to reduce markers of insulin secretion and resistance and therefore holds promise as management of overweight/obesity in subjects with and without T2D.

Machine learning-based clothing recommendation system for women: case study of Lady's confecciones

This paper presents a clothing recommendation system for women based on their body type, aiming to facilitate the purchasing process on the online sales channel of the company Lady's Confecciones located in the city of Santa Marta, Colombia. For this process, a user interface was designed to function in two ways: using a prediction model that takes as inputs a photograph of the user and their height, and a manual mode that receives the measurements of bust, hip and waist. The prediction model implemented the OpenCV library and the skinned multi-person linear (SMPL) model to process images and predict body shape and pose. Five body types were considered: triangle, apple, rectangle, hourglass and inverted triangle, differentiated by bust, waist and hip measurements, according to the conditions provided by the company. The system was able to predict the body measurements of the female participants with a maximum Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.97. For predicting body type, the best results were obtained for the rectangle body shape, with an accuracy of 92.31%.

Relationship between hypercholesterolemia and osteoarthritis (preliminary results)

To evaluate the relationship of hypercholesterolemia (HCE) with clinical, instrumental, and laboratory parameters in osteoarthritis (OA) in a multicenter, cross-sectional study. The study included 183 patients aged 40-75 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of stage I-III OA (ACR) of the knee joints, who signed an informed consent. The mean age was 55.6±10.7 years (40 to 75), body mass index was 29.3±6.3 kg/m2, and disease duration was 5 [1; 10] years. For each patient, a case record form was filled out, including anthropometric indicators, medical history, clinical examination data, an assessment of knee joint pain according to VAS, WOMAC, KOOS and comorbidities. All patients underwent standard radiography and ultrasound examination of the knee joints and laboratory tests. HCE was detected in 59% of patients. Depending on its presence or absence, patients were divided into two groups. Patients were comparable in body mass index, waist and hip measurement, and disease duration but differed significantly in age. Individuals with elevated total cholesterol levels had higher VAS pain scores, total WOMAC and its components, an overall assessment of the patient's health, a worse KOOS index, and ultrasound findings (reduced cartilage tissue). HCE patients showed high levels of cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, STX-II, and COMP (p<0.05). However, after stratification by age, many initial intergroup differences became insignificant, and differences in the WOMAC pain score persisted. The results of the study confirmed the high prevalence of HCE in OA patients (59%). Patients with OA and increased total cholesterol have more intense pain in the knee joints.

Waist Reduction through Conversion from False to Floating Ribs.

Waist reduction by ultrasound-guided monocortical fracture (RibXcar), usually performed on floating ribs, may show limitations when performed on false ribs (9 and 10) because of the stress force exerted on the anterior fixation point (cartilage union to sternum). Hence, we introduced a procedure for conversion from false to floating ribs to improve the final result of the treatment of false ribs through a rib treatment scheme. Forty-nine female patients undergoing rib surgery were recruited. Waist measurements and angular variations were compared between two groups of patients, the first (26 patients) consisting of patients who underwent RibXcar with conversion surgery (ribs 9 and 10) and the second (23 patients) consisting of patients who underwent RibXcar without conversion surgery (ribs 9 and 10). The waist measurements taken after 6 months showed a mean decrease of 8.70 cm in the group where only RibXcar was performed, whereas a statistically significant mean reduction of 17.04 cm was observed in the group where RibXcar was performed with rib conversion surgery. The false-to-floating-rib conversion technique combined with RibXcar demonstrated more reduction in waist circumference and a more efficient rib angulation compared with RibXcar alone.

Polygenic risk score for Atrial Fibrillation as a predictor for the incidence of Sick Sinus Syndrome: A comprehensive analysis from the UK biobank

Abstract Background Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and atrial fibrillation (AF) often coexist, demonstrating a bidirectional relationship. The polygenic risk score (PRS) represents the cumulative risk of disease onset based on variations at multiple genetic loci and is known as a predictor for disease incidence. However, the PRS for SSS remains under-investigated. This study aims to evaluate whether the PRS for AF can predict the incidence of SSS in the general population. Methods The UK biobank, comprising of about 500,000 participants aged 40 to 70, was established across 22 centres in the UK between 2006 and 2010. After excluding missing values, prior AF history, and valvular heart disease, a total of 101,654 participants without AF (median age, 56.0 [interquartile range (IQR), 49.0–63.0] years; 44,851 [44.1%] male) were analyzed. Participants were divided into quartiles according to a validated PRS for AF. Throughout the observation period, the incidence of SSS event was documented. Results During a follow-up period of 11.7 (IQR 11.0-12.5) years, a total of 157 cases of Sick sinus syndrome were identified. In the new-onset SSS group, age, PRS for AF, BMI, and waist measurements were significantly higher. Additionally, there was a statistically significant increase in the proportions of male sex, hypertension, previous MI, hypothyroidism, dyslipidemia, and ESRD/CKD. The Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated an association between the highest quartile and an increased incidence of SSS compared to the other quartiles. (Log-rank P &amp;lt; 0.001) The Cox regression model revealed that a PRS for AF was associated with an increased risk of incidence of sick sinus syndrome (aHR 1.29, 95% CI 1.10-1.51, p-value 0.002). Notably, the discriminative power of our model was substantial, yielding a C-index of 0.746. Conclusion In our study, the PRS for AF effectively predicted the incidence of SSS. In the absence of a dedicated PRS for SSS, the AF PRS may offer insights into developing one for SSS.

#1190 Expression of metabolic disorders in patients with hypertension and chronic kidney disease

Abstract Background and Aims To study the frequency of metabolic disorders in patients with hypertension depending on the stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Method The study analyzed 594 case histories of patients with AH of I-III degree (ESC/ESH 2018). CKD stages were determined according to eGFR (EPI-2021), according to the modern KDIGO 2013 classification. All patients were tested for uric acid, glucose, creatinine, and blood lipids using a Daytona autoanalyzer from RANDOX (UK). The study was conducted against the background of antihypertensive therapy (AHT). Statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS 24.0 software package. Results Among the examined patients, intact renal function of CKD C1 (eGFR&amp;gt;90 ml/min/1.73 m2) was observed in 19.5% (n = 116); CKD C2 (eGFR 60-89 ml/min/1.73 m2) – in 50.5% (n = 300); CKD C3A (eGFR 45-59 ml/min/1.73 m2) – in 20.4% (n = 121); CKD C3B (eGFR 30-44 ml/min/1.73 m2) – in 6.4% (n = 38); CKD C4 (eGFR 29-15 ml/min/1.73 m2) - in 3.2% (n = 19) p &amp;lt; 0.0001. The terminal stage of CKD was not revealed. The mean creatinine in the groups was 66.20 ± 11.74 vs 83.44 ± 11.30 vs 105.84 ± 17.36 vs 139.78 ± 24.40 vs 212.00 ± 19.73 µmol/l, respectively (p &amp;lt; 0.00001) . Mean eGFR 97.99 ± 6.98 vs 75.44 ± 7.15 vs 53.46 ± 4.30 vs 37.82 ± 3.63 vs 23.11 ± 5.63 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively, (p &amp;lt; 0.00001). The groups did not differ significantly in body mass index (BMI), but patients with high stage of CKD have pronounced abdominal obesity. BMI was 30.71 ± 4.4 vs 32.25 ± 5.8 vs 31.45 ± 4 vs 31.6 ± 5.6 vs 30.36 ± 10.2 kg/m2, respectively, p = 0.11. Waist measurement (WT): 98.68 ± 10 vs 104.36 ± 13.6 vs 103.62 ± 10.7 vs 104.51 ± 12.4 vs 106.94 ± 27.3 cm, respectively (p = 0.001) . It should be noted that the high stages of CKD are characterized by significantly pronounced asymptomatic hyperuremia. At the same time, the level of uric acid was 5.07 ± 1.4 vs 6.1 ± 4.7 vs 6.6 ± 1.7 vs 7.87 ± 1.7 vs 7.52 ± 1.01 µmol/l, respectively (p &amp;lt; 0.00001). When analyzing lipid spectrum data, total blood cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in the blood did not differ significantly among the studied groups. However, it was found that increasing of CKD leads to significantly rising of low-density lipoproteins: 107.04 ± 42.57 vs 103.53 ± 38.04 vs 112.44 ± 44.27 vs 120.64 ± 39.27 vs 133.94 ± 29.83 mmol/l, respectively, р = 0.03, while the amount of high density lipoproteins significantly decrease: 42.64 ± 13.79 vs 41.86 ± 11.03 vs 41.51 ± 10.64 vs 39.62 ± 11.08 vs 36.72 ± 7.72 mmol/l, respectively, p = 0.0001. Conclusion In patients with hypertension and CKD, metabolic disorders are more pronounced, which increases the risk of developing complications of arterial hypertension.

Consumers' interaction with online fashion retailers' body measurement guidance

PurposeOnline fashion retailers offer body measurement guidance, alongside their target consumer body size charts and fit information, to help consumers select the right size garment as the garment cannot be tried on. Its use by retailers suggests it can act as a means of mitigating garment returns as there has been a noted increase in returns due to incorrect size selection even though body measurement instructions are provided online. The purpose of this research is to determine how consumers interact with body measurement guidance, how they interpret it and use it, thereby interrogating its efficacy.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory investigation was undertaken. Thirty participants were recruited and given a choice of fashion retailers' body measurement guidance and a tape measure. They took their body measurements over their clothes. A technician repeated the task, thereby providing two sets of body measurements. A paired t-test determined if there was a significant difference in both values in terms of their mean. Technicians also documented their observations of how the participants interacted with the task. The content of the fashion retailer measurement guidance was then compared to that of published anthropometric guidance for surveys.FindingsParticipants were familiar with the guidance and tape-measure; they were able to self-measure. The fashion retailer measurement guidance, however, lacked detail/clarity in visuals and written content when compared to anthropometric guidance. Interpretation of the guidance differed between participant and technician. This resulted in a significant difference in circumference measurements for the bust/chest and hips, yet no significant difference in waist and inside-leg measurements. For measurements that were difficult to take unaided, participants devised novel practices which resulted in little divergence from the technician taken body measurements. The results question the guidance efficacy in its current form.Originality/valueThere has been no study which addresses how consumers interpret and interact with fashion retailers' online measurement guidance. This is important as this can mitigate garment returns. This research provides insight to influence fashion retailers' measurement guidance policy. It also adds to the existing body of knowledge surrounding anthropometric practice for clothing.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings indicated that fashion retailers need to revise their body measurement guidance content. The content needs to be more comprehensive but still use accessible language and visuals. The broader implications of this study highlight that traditional anthropometrics for self-taken body measurement needs developing as an emerging concept through clothing-related academic study.Practical implicationsFashion retailers' measurement guidance needs to be more comprehensive but still use accessible language and visuals. The broader implications of this study highlight that traditional anthropometrics for self-taken body measurement needs further investigation and documentation as an emerging concept through clothing-related academic study.

The Feasibility and Efficacy of Warrior Health and Fitness: A 3-Month Fitness and Nutrition Program for Veterans.

Veterans are at risk for mental and physical health problems but may not seek traditional health care services. Wellness-based interventions, including exercise and nutrition, have been associated with improvements in physical and mental health among this population. This study explores the acceptability, feasibility, and efficacy of a 3-month health and fitness program for veterans. Participants in 2 time-based cohorts from 2019 to 2023 (cohort 1: n = 261; cohort 2: n = 256) were cleared by a physician to participate. Participants then completed a fitness test and self-reported surveys (e.g., quality of life, sleep, and pain) before and after the 3-month program. Participants were recruited to participate at one of three sites: Boston, MA Fort Myers, FL, or Tampa, FL. The 3-month program consisted of weekly, supervised group fitness and one-on-one sessions, nutritional consultations, yoga, and other wellness activities. Primary program outcomes were measured by fitness assessments, self-report surveys, program completion, and program satisfaction. Fitness assessments included measures of weight, body mass index, grip strength, waist to hip ratio, body fat, lean mass, fat mass, heart rate, and blood pressure (BP). Self-report measures included quality of life, depression, loneliness, sleep quality, pain intensity, and pain interference. In cohort 1, significant improvements were found for measures of weight (P = .01), left-handed grip strength (P < .01), body fat percent (P < .01), and quality of life (P < .01). In cohort 2, significant improvements were found for measures of waist:hip ratio (P = .02), right and left-handed grip strength (P < .01), body mass index (P = .02), body fat percent (P < .01), and quality of life (P = .02). For both cohorts, pain intensity (cohort 1: P = .01, cohort 2: P < .001) and pain interference (cohort 1: P = .02, cohort 2: P < .001) increased significantly. These data suggest that a 3-month health and fitness program for veterans is acceptable and feasible and may improve physical and mental health outcomes. Considerations for program retention and assessment completion are discussed.

Aesthetic Rib Cage Remodeling with Osteosynthesis: Body Structural High-Definition Reshaping (RIBOSS).

Rib cage remodeling has shown promising aesthetic results as a new technique for body contouring yet risks and complications associated with the procedure have not been well established. The aim of our study is to assess safety, efficacy and patient satisfaction rate associated with a new surgical technique for waistline definition. We looked into our records for patients who underwent waist narrowing through a new rib remodeling procedure with osteosynthesis of the 11th and 12th ribs; from October 2022 to June 2023. Follow up was carried out at 1 and 3 months after surgery. Outcomes were evaluated based on waist and hip measures, body images, pain and a patient satisfaction survey. A total of 27 consecutive patients were included in the analysis. Our technique resulted in a significant reduction in waist circumference, as evidenced by a decrease of 12.1 cm and 13.0 cm at the first and third month respectively (p<0.005). A reduction of hip circumference of 6.2 cm and 8.7 cm was also reported. A high patient satisfaction rate was reported. Postoperative complications included only one case of wound dehiscence and one case of mild pain. Pain levels were also reduced, with a mean pain score of 2.4 at week 1 and 0.26 at month 1. Rib osteotomy with osteosynthesis emerges as an innovative, safe, and reliable approach for waist narrowing. Our results suggest that this technique can be applied to a wide variety of patients and presents might entail significant advantages compared to those from other techniques. Retrospective cohort. Level of Evidence: III.

National Dietary Survey on the children population

Abstract The national food consumption survey on the children population in Poland was conducted from August 2019 to February 2020 and was funded by EFSA under the EU Menu project. It aimed at collecting food consumption data of a representative sample of children living in Poland and followed the EFSA EU Menu methodology. Altogether 2605 subjects aged three months to nine years old were invited to participate in the study out of which participants were 1,574 children (780 boys and 794 girls) with a response rate of 60%. An additional group of 300 vegetarians aged six to nine years old was also recruited. After verifying the collected data, EFSA accepted the data from 1565 subjects (777 boys, 788 girls) in the main group and 294 subjects (147 boys, 147 girls) in the group of vegetarians. Data on food consumption was collected by means of two non‐consecutive food dietary record method using a web‐based tool intended for 24‐hour dietary recall method. In addition, a food propensity questionnaire was used. Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, waist and hip circumferences were made to assess the nutritional status of the participants. The level of physical activity was assessed with a short questionnaire, using questions from HBSC (Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children) Polish Study. Before the main study the pilot study was conducted for verifying the feasibility of the study organization. The collected data will be used to update the Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database, which is regulated and administered by EFSA. The results will allow the evaluation of diet and nutritional status of children in Poland, including the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity.

National Dietary Survey on the adult population

Abstract The national food consumption survey on the adult population in Poland was conducted from August 2019 to February 2020 and was funded by EFSA under the EU Menu project. It aimed at collecting food consumption data of a representative sample of adolescents, adults and elderly living in Poland and followed the EFSA EU Menu methodology. Altogether 4,249 subjects aged 10 to ≥75 years old were invited to participate in the study out of which participants were 2,432 individuals with a response rate of 57%. Two additional ad hoc groups of 300 vegetarians aged 18‐50 years old and 150 pregnant women were also recruited. After verifying the collected data, EFSA accepted the data from 2385 subjects (1196 men, 1189 women) in the main group, 246 subjects (118 men, 128 women) in the group of vegetarians and 145 subjects in the group of pregnant women. Data on food consumption was collected by means of two non‐consecutive days through a web‐based 24‐hour dietary recall method. In addition, a food propensity questionnaire was used. Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, waist, and hip circumferences were made to assess the nutritional status of the participants. The level of physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Before the main study the pilot study was conducted for verifying the feasibility of the study organization. The collected data will be used to update the Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database which is regulated and administered by the EFSA. The results will allow the evaluation of diet and nutritional status of adolescents and adults in Poland, including the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity.

Evaluation of a Combination Approach to Improving Muscle Tone and Decreasing Subcutaneous Tissue Thickness Using a Sequential, Dual-Modality, Energy-Based Device

Abstract Background The body shaping market has long been at the forefront of the aesthetic industry. With technological advances, patient demand for body sculpting in terms of reduction in subcutaneous tissue and enhancement of muscle has seen continual growth. Several devices have emerged in the space, however few that achieve both SQR (Subcutaneous Tissue Reduction) and VMI (Voluntary Muscle Increase) as measured by thickness, during the same treatment session. Objectives This article presents the results of a pilot study on a unique approach to subcutaneous tissue reduction and increasing muscle thickness using a dual modality, energy-based device. Methods 12 compliant subjects (8 female and 4 male with an average age of 40 years were enrolled in this single center, prospective study. All subjects were treated with the dual modality device (850 nm super-luminescent diode matrix and electrical muscle stimulation) with external applicators being placed over the lower abdomen. The subjects received five (5) weekly treatments. Ultrasound measurements, photos, weight and waist measurements were taken at baseline, prior to the start of the 5th treatments and at the two (2) week and two (2) month follow-up visits. Results At the two (2) month follow up visit, the average Subcutaneous Tissue Reduction (SQR) was 34.03% and the Voluntary Muscle Increase (VMI) measured 22.97% in all subjects who completed the study. All subject and physician evaluations rated results as satisfactory or better. There were no complications. Conclusions Preliminary data shows this dual-modality, Electrical Muscle Stimulation/Super Luminescent Diode Matrix (EMS/SDM) system provides both a safe and effective treatment for the reduction of subcutaneous tissue thickness and increase in muscle definition and thickness. Objective and subjective evaluations demonstrated high levels of efficacy and satisfaction in all subjects.

IJCM_185A: Prevalence and Predictors of hypertension among adult population of rural health training center of a medical college in central karnataka- A Cross Sectional study

Background: Cardiovascular Diseases [CVDs] are the most common cause of death globally. Among the risk factors for CVDs, hypertension (HTN) is associated with the strongest evidence of causation. In India, only 12% people with HTN have their Blood Pressure under control. The Knowledge about HTN and risk factors plays a major role in its prevention and management. With limited studies in rural India about the same, this study was conducted. Objectives: 1] To estimate the prevalence of hypertension in the study area 2] To determine the risk factors for hypertension among hypertensives of study area 3] To assess knowledge about hypertension among the hypertensives of study area. Methodology: A Survey on screening for Hypertension was conducted in rural health training center Avargolla village of Davangere district, Karnataka. A Community based cross sectional study was conducted among hypertensive adult population aged 30yrs and above through Universal sampling technique. Data was collected by in-person interview using questionnaire on risk factors, knowledge about the causation, consequence and prevention of the disease and by physical measurements of BMI and Waist to Hip ration. Data was analysed using of SPSS software. Results: Majority of the study participants were females 75%. More than 55% had no family history of hypertension. Out of 90% who were on treatment, less than 77% were on regular medications. Diabetes was the most common associated co-morbidity seen. 86% of the study population consumed less than 5 servings of fruits &amp; vegetables per day and &lt;600METS of physical activity. Majority of them reported as high salt intake and stress to be major causative factor. Conclusion: Healthy weight and good knowledge on HTN play a major role in the management of disease. Most of the participants had no family history of disease signifying the first generational onset of the disease.

Sarcopenia prevalence between obese and morbid obese patients in an obesity center

Background/Aim: Sarcopenia and obesity are independent diseases that result in decreased muscle strength and function. Few studies have been conducted on the association of sarcopenia and obesity, especially in women. This study aims to measure the possibility of sarcopenic obesity in women with obesity. Methods: Our study was organized using a prospective cross-sectional study in Turkey. A total of 135 volunteer were included in the study. Inclusion criteria required the patients to have a BMI &gt;35 kg/m2 or BMI &gt;40 kg/m2 and no current comorbid disease. The exclusion criteria included: age (&lt;18 and &gt;70 years were excluded), history of muscle disease, malignancy, psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disease and psychosis, malnutrition, and recent corticosteroid (CS) use (within the last three months). Probable sarcopenia is determined by low skeletal muscle strength, and confirmed sarcopenia is defined if there is both low skeletal muscle mass and low skeletal muscle quality. Muscle strength was measured with isometric dynamometry using the handgrip method. A six-minute walk test (6MWT), in which we measured walking speed, was performed to determine the physical performance of the patients. We adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) using height squared (ASM/height2) bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to measure the muscle mass. Results: Patients’ mean age was 43 (11.4) (20-69) years. Of the total participants, 64.6% were in the age range of 40-59; 19.2% of patients were defined as possible sarcopenia; and 2.2% had confirmed sarcopenia. A total of 78.5% of patients did not meet any of the sarcopenia criteria. We determined that there was no difference in anthropometric measurements between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients (P&gt;0.05), except for waist and hip circumferences. However, we did observe a noteworthy distinction in waist and hip circumference measurements between the two groups, with sarcopenic patients exhibiting larger circumferences (P=0.05 and P=0.032, respectively). Our study revealed a significant disparity in the results of the six-minute walk test and handgrip strength values between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients (P&lt;0.001). Specifically, non-sarcopenic patients demonstrated higher values in both tests.. Conclusion: Obesity and sarcopenic obesity will continue to be a public health problem in the future among middle-aged women. It should be considered that the prevalence of decreased muscle strength was high in our study group, and physical performance decreased due to muscle strength. We concluded that as success in the six-minute walk test and handgrip values increased, the diagnosis of sarcopenia decreased, and each increase in platelet count increased the risk of sarcopenia in obese female patients.

Abstract P285: Relationship Between Body Mass Index, Waist Measurement, Six-Minute Walk Performance and Whole-Body Strength in Adults With Cardiovascular Disease: Findings From the Lifestyle Heart Health Study

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death, killing 17.9 million people annually worldwide. Key risk factors include physical inactivity, overweight/obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol which worsen with age, and smoking and excessive alcohol intake. Six-minute walk (6MW) performance and whole-body muscle strength are both related to cardiovascular mortality and also worsen with age, particularly in the absence of physical activity. The aims of this study were to understand levels of cardiovascular risk and compliance to usual medical treatment (medication, lifestyle modifications) in a high socioeconomic Australian population, and to identify relationships between key risk factors, 6MW and muscle strength. A secondary aim was to help inform development of the Lifestyle Heart Health Education Program. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 473 people with CVD in Sydney. Class was classified based on the Australian socioeconomic index for areas. Conditions were defined according to Australian national guidelines. Medical history, body mass index (BMI), waist measurement, whole-body muscle strength and 6MW measurements were assessed. Simple linear and stepwise regressions were used to assess potential relationships. Results: Mean age of the cohort was 66.8±11.6; range 21-94 yrs; 68.5% female; socioeconomic index was deemed high. All participants had CVD, of which 25% were on aspirin. Hypertension was prevalent in 65% (38% on anti-hypertensives); 65% had dyslipidaemia (40% on a statin); 91% had a BMI over 26.0; and 85% of males and 80% of females had a waist measurement over gender-specific heart health recommendations. Less than 3% of the cohort smoked, and less than 10% consumed alcohol at a level deemed high-risk. Almost 20% of the cohort were at risk of CV mortality according to 6MW performance with scores less than 350 metres. Waist measurement, BMI, and blood pressure were the greatest risk factors across the cohort. Muscle strength (r=-0.34; r 2 =0.17; p&lt;0.001) and 6MW performance (r=-0.37; r 2 =0.17; p&lt;0.001) both decreased with age. BMI and age were the most significant predictors of 6MW (r=-0.45; r 2 =0.20; p=0.004) and whole-body strength (r=0.49; r 2 =0.24; p&lt;0.001) in females; waist and age were the most significant predictors of 6MW (r=-0.38; r 2 =0.14; p=0.11) and whole-body strength (r=0.41; r 2 =0.17; p=0.04) in males. Conclusion: Whilst alcohol and smoking campaigns are working to reduce consumption of these harmful substances, low cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness and overweight/obesity remain highly prevalent. Population-level interventions such as the Lifestyle Heart Health Program that aim to reduce weight and waist and improve physical activity, walking ability and muscle strength are urgently needed to reduce cardiovascular risk and mortality.

Abstract P256: Rationale, Development, and Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Digital Lifestyle Health Education Program for Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease and Osteoarthritis

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Globally, osteoarthritis (OA) affects 654 million. In 2018, of the 1.2 million Australians who had CVD, half also had arthritis, with the most common form in Australia being OA. Ongoing pain and physical limitations from OA can affect lifestyle choices, contributing to the shared risk factor profile of CVD and OA (physical inactivity, overweight/obesity, poor diet, high medication use). This contributes further to the burden of both diseases including reduced 6-minute walk (6MW) performance, which is directly related to increased CVD mortality. This project outlines the rationale for and development of a multidisciplinary digital lifestyle health education program for the treatment and secondary prevention of CVD and its common comorbidity of OA. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analysis of older adults in Sydney. Class was classified based on the Australian socioeconomic index for areas. Conditions were defined according to Australian national guidelines. Medical history, body mass index (BMI), waist measurement, muscle strength, and 6MW measurements were assessed. Differences between those with and without OA were determined via one-way analysis of variance. Simple linear regressions assessed potential relationships. Results: In a cohort of 532 adults; n=341 (64.1%) had diagnosed CVD; 48.4% of which had OA (mean age 66±12 years; 73.3% female). Socioeconomic index was deemed high. In the OA cohort mean BMI and waist were above healthy heart recommendations according to the World Health Organisation. There were no significant differences between those with OA and those without for cardiovascular risk factors of body weight, BMI, waist measurement, blood pressure, 6MW, or muscle strength. However, in those with CVD and OA, the relationship between age and 6MW was stronger and age accounted for more of the variance in performance (r=-0.44; r 2 =0.19; p&lt;0.001) than those without OA (r=-0.37; r 2 =0.17; p&lt;0.001), indicating a greater reduction in walking ability in those with OA as they get older. Conclusion: With 6MW performance being related to CVD mortality, interventions are needed to improve health and fitness in this cohort. International guidelines for CVD and OA recommend treatment should prioritise lifestyle changes, including a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and interventions that address all risk factors. Lifestyle LIFEMAP will assess the efficacy of a widely translatable multidisciplinary digital evidence-based 10-module lifestyle, food, exercise, medication, and park prescription education program for adults with the comorbidity of CVD and OA. We expect this program to improve knowledge, and healthy lifestyle choices, thereby improving physical activity and health outcomes in this highly vulnerable population.

The relationship between dental caries, dietary intake and body composition in school-age children

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between dental caries, food intake, and body composition in school-age children.MethodsThe study was conducted on 210 children, 105 boys and 105 girls, aged 6–12 years, without mental and/or physical disorders. Oral examinations of the children were performed by paediatric dentists and DMFT–DMFS and dmft–dmfs values were recorded. A detailed food frequency questionnaire was applied to determine the consumption frequency of dairy products and sugar‐added foods. Children’s height, waist and hip circumference measurements were taken by the researcher; body weight and body composition were evaluated with a Tanita body analyzer.ResultsThe DMFS value of children who consumed white cheese daily is lower than children who did not (p < 0.05). The DMFT and DMFS values were found to be higher in children who consumed sweets, biscuits, and spreadable chocolate daily compared to children who did not (p < 0.05). Body weight and waist circumference are positively correlated with DMFT and negatively correlated with dmft. BMI is positively correlated with DMFT and negatively correlated with dmft (p < 0.05). In binary logistic regression, it was found that maternal education level, frequency of added sugar intake and body fat ratio were predictors of the presence of caries.ConclusionIn this study, dental caries was associated with food consumption and body mass index. In children, consumption of sugary foods should be reduced and consumption of dairy products should be increased.

The Magnitude and Related Risk Factors of Obesity and Overweight among Medical Students at Shendi University, Sudan

Background: Today, obesity is a serious health issue that is growing around the world. Almost 500 million adults worldwide were obese, and 1.5 billion were overweight, according to a World Health Organization (WHO) report. This number is estimated to increase in the years to come. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of obesity and overweight among medical students at the Shendi University College of Medicine and its relationship to demographic parameters. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted on medical students of the faculty of medicine at Shendi University, and a sample of students was systematically randomly collected. Data was collected by using an open and closed questionnaire. Direct measurement of weight and height, then the calculation of BMI. Also, direct measurement of waist and hip, then the calculation of WHR. Results: 43% of the students were classified as average. 26% of people were overweight, and 21% were obese. In other words, the study discovered that women are more likely than men to be overweight or obese. According to the findings, those who live in urban areas gain weight noticeably more than people who live in rural areas. Regarding the behavioral aspect, there was a substantial relationship between those with a positive family history of obesity and those who are of normal weight, as well as a positive relationship between those who ate more than two meals each day. Conclusions: University students frequently engage in risky health behaviors, so it's important to educate them on how to prevent them, especially when it comes to topics like exercise and nutrition. For the sake of their health and the health of future generations, prospective healthcare professionals must adopt the proper eating habits and a healthy lifestyle. We advise modifying BMI to account for fat distribution and coexisting diseases to gain a thorough understanding of the current situation.

Prospective cohort study of Helicobacter pylori infection on the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

To investigate the epidemiological connection between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori). 6,478 retired and active workers, aged 22-69 years, were included in the study. Their baseline measures of height, weight, waist measurement, body mass index, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, plasma lipid, liver function index, glycosylated hemoglobin, abdominal ultrasonography, and findings from the line “13 C urea breath test” H. pylori test were analyzed, and follow-up with consistent baseline methods and criteria was performed annually. Over a 4-year period, the prevalence of NAFLD increased by 16.9%, with 612 (18.7%) of those who tested positive for H. pylori developing NAFLD, whereas 484 (15.1%) of those who did not test positive for H. pylori were later diagnosed with new NAFLD ( χ2 = 14.862, P &lt; 0.05). One of the risk factors identified in the univariable Cox regression model for NAFLD was H. pylori (Hazard Ratio = 1.297; 95.0% confidence interval (CI) 1.150,1.485, P &lt; 0.000); however, H. pylori continued to be an independent factor affecting the risk of NAFLD even after accounting for gender, age, and aspects of the metabolic syndrome (Hazard Ratio = 1.240; 95.0% CI 1.077,1.429, P = 0.003). The growth of NAFLD may be correlated with H. pylori infection.