Waist-height Ratio Research Articles

Obesity- and lipid-related indices as a predictor of type 2 diabetes in a national cohort study.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a major and widespread public health concern throughout the world. The prevalence of T2DM in the elderly has risen to the top of the list of public health concerns. In this study, obesity- and lipid-related indices were used to predict T2DM in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults. The data came from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), including 7902 middle-aged and elderly participants aged 45 years or above. The study assessed the association of obesity- and lipid-related indices and T2DM by measuring 13 indicators, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference(WC), waist-height ratio (WHtR), conicity index(CI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), triglyceride glucose index (TyG-index) and its correlation index (TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR). The association of 13 obesity- and lipid-related indices with T2DM was investigated by binary logistic regression. Additionally, the predictive anthropometric index was evaluated, and the ideal cut-off value was established using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC). The study included 7902 participants, of whom 3638(46.04) and 4264(53.96) were male and female. The prevalence of T2DM in mid-aged and old adults in China was 9.02% in males and 9.15% in females. All the above 13 indicators show a modest predictive power (AUC>0.5), which was significant for predicting T2DM in adults (middle-aged and elderly people) in China (P<0.05). The results revealed that TyG-WHtR [AUC =0.600, 95%CI: 0.566-0.634] in males and in females [AUC =0.664, 95%CI: 0.636-0.691] was the best predictor of T2DM (P<0.05). Most obesity- and lipid-related indices have important value in predicting T2DM. Our results can provide measures for the early identification of T2DM in mid-aged and elderly Chinese to reduce the prevalence of T2DM and improve health.

Obesity-and lipid-related indices as a risk factor of hypertension in mid-aged and elderly Chinese: a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveHypertension refers to the persistent elevation of blood pressure above the established normal range, resulting in increased pressure exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels during its circulation. Recent studies have identified significant associations between obesity and lipid-related indices, as well as hypertension. Nevertheless, these studies have yet to comprehensively examine the correlation between the two variables. Our objective is to identify the fat and lipid-related indices that have the strongest correlation with hypertension.MethodThere was a total of 9488 elderly and middle-aged Chinese citizens who participated in this investigation. The participants in this research were separated into distinct gender cohorts. The participants were classified into normal and hypertensive categories according to their gender, with hypertension defined as a blood pressure level of 140/90 mmHg or higher, or a history of hypertension. Through the utilization of binary logistic regression analyses and the receiver operator curve (ROC), the optimal among fourteen indicators associated with obesity and lipids were identified.ResultsAfter adjusting for variables, statistical analysis showed that all 14 measures of obesity and lipid were risk factors for hypertension. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis reveals that the Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) has the highest degree of relationship to hypertension. Simultaneously, a statistically significant association between hypertension and these 14 variables was observed in both males and females.ConclusionThere was a significant independent association between various parameters related to obesity and lipid-related index and the presence of hypertension, indicating that these factors can be considered risk factors for hypertension. CVAI and WHtR (waist height ratio) can be used to screen the high-risk groups of hypertensions in middle-aged and elderly people in China, and then take individualized health care measures to reduce the harm of hypertension.

Anthropometric parameters as a tool for the prediction of metabolic and cardiovascular risk in childhood brain tumor survivors

PurposeTo assess the prevalence of alterations in anthropometric parameters predictive of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk among childhood brain tumor survivors.MethodsAnthropometric parameters predictive of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk were analyzed [height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-height ratio (WHtR), waist-hip ratio (WHR, blood pressure] of 25 patients who survived childhood brain tumors.Results21 patients (84%) showed alteration of at least one predictive anthropometric parameter. 11 patients (44%) showed a BMI > 75th percentile and 19 patients (76%) showed a pathological WHR value. A pathological WHtR (> 0.5), was identified in 17 patients (68%); the average WHtR observed was 0.53. 9 patients (36%) showed an alteration of all three anthropometric parameters considered. Comparing this subpopulation with the subpopulation with less than three altered parameters, a greater prevalence of the combined alteration was observed in the female sex compared to the male sex (67% vs. 26%). No significant differences were observed regarding the age of diagnosis and end of treatment nor the treatments carried out (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, steroid therapy) between the two groups.ConclusionThese results suggest that this population is at high risk of presenting pathological values of BMI, WHR and WHtR with consequent high risk of developing metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases.

Associations of central obesity and habitual food consumption with saliva microbiota and its enzymatic profiles - a pilot study in Finnish children.

Variation in diversity and composition of saliva microbiota has been linked to weight status, but findings have been inconsistent. Focusing on clinically relevant conditions such as central obesity and using advanced sequencing techniques might fill in the gaps of knowledge. We investigated saliva microbiota with shallow metagenome sequencing in children with (n = 14) and without (n = 36) central obesity. Additionally, we examined the role of habitual food consumption on microbial enzymatic repertoire. Data comprised 50 children (50% male) with a mean age of 14.2 (SD 0.3) years, selected from the Finnish Health in Teens (Fin-HIT) cohort. Dietary scores for consumption frequency of sweet treats (STI), dairy products (DCI) and plants (PCI) were derived based on a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Central obesity was defined based on waist-height ratio using the cut-off 0.5. Saliva samples were subjected to whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing, and taxonomic and functional profiling was achieved with METAnnotatorX2 bioinformatics platform. Groups had an average 20 (95% CI 14-27) cm difference in waist circumference. We identified the lack of Pseudomonas guguagenesis and Prevotella scopos, oulorum and oris as putative biomarkers associated with central obesity and observed a total of 16 enzymatic reactions differing between the groups. DCI was associated with the highest number of enzyme profiles (122), followed by STI (60) and DCI (25) (Pearson correlation p < 0.05). Intriguingly, STI showed a high positive/negative correlation ratio (5.09), while DCI and PCI showed low ratios (0.54 and 0.33, respectively). Thus, the main driver of enzymatic reactions was STI, and the related pathways involved nitrate metabolism induced by Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Veilonella dispar among others. Clinically relevant differences in central obesity were only modestly reflected in the composition of saliva microbiota. Habitual consumption of sweet treats was a strong determinant of enzymatic reactions of saliva microbiota in children with and without central obesity. The clinical relevance of these findings warrants further studies.

Cardiometabolic index is associated with increased depression: A population-based study

Background and aimDepression is a common and complex psychiatric disorder, and lipid metabolism plays an important role in the development of psychiatric disorders such as depression. Cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a novel index that synthesizes two quantitative indicators of blood lipids (triglyceride(TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)) and human obesity-related parameters (waist height ratio (WHtR)). This study used NHANES data to explore the correlation between CMI and the incidence of depression. Methods and resultsBased on the data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2018, multivariate logistic regression, sensitivity analysis, and smooth curve fitting were used to study the relationship between CMI and depression. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were used to investigate whether the association was stable in different populations.CMI was positively associated with depression in 7229 participants aged >20 years. In the fully adjusted model, each unit increase in CMI was associated with 36 % higher likelihood of depression symptoms [1.36(1.16,1.59)]. Participants in the highest quartile of CMI had a 62 % higher risk of depression than participants in the lowest quartile [1.62(1.17,2.23)]. This positive correlation was more pronounced in those with hypertension. ConclusionsCMI was associated with a higher PHQ-9 score and an increased likelihood of depression among US adults. Further large-scale prospective studies are still need to analyze the role of CMI in depression.

Preliminary efficacy of a community health worker homebased intervention for the control and management of hypertension in Kiambu County, Kenya- a randomized control trial.

In Sub Saharan Africa, there is a growing burden of non-communicable diseases, which poses a big challenge to the resource-limited health system in these settings. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a community health workers (CHWs) home-based lifestyle interventions to improve blood pressure (BP) control and body composition among hypertensive patients in low-income populations of Kiambu County, Kenya. This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving 80 patients with uncontrolled high BP (systolic BP (SBP) ≥140mmHg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥90) randomized to either a CHW homebased intervention or a usual care (control) arm and followed up for 6 months. The intervention involved monthly CHW home-visits for health education and audits on behavioral risk factors that affect BP. An adapted WHO stepwise questionnaire and international physical activity questionnaire was used to collect data on behavioral cardiovascular risk factors. To assess the main outcomes of BP, body mass index (BMI) and waist-height-ratio (WHtR), a survey was conducted at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Data regarding univariate, bivariate and multivariate (repeated measurements between and within groups) analysis at 5% level of significance were analyzed using STATA 18. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) for repeated measures were used to estimate changes in BP, BMI and WHtR, and to examine the association between the CHW intervention and BP control. The study revealed that 77.5% and 92.5% of the participants in usual care and intervention groups completed the follow-up, respectively. After 6 months of follow-up, there was a reduction in the mean SBP and DBP for both arms, and reductions in BMI and WHtR only in the intervention arm. The adjusted mean reduction in SBP (-8.4 mm Hg; 95% CI, -13.4 to -3.3; P = 0.001) and DBP (-5.2 mm Hg 95% CI, -8.3 to -2.0; P<0.001) were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group. The proportion of participants who achieved the controlled BP target of <140/90 mm Hg was 62.2% and 25.8% for the intervention and usual care arm, respectively. The proportion with controlled BP was significantly higher in the intervention arm compared to the usual care arm after adjusting for baseline covariates (AOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.3-6.0, p = 0.008). There was no significant effect of the intervention on BMI and WHtR. A home-based CHW intervention was significantly associated with reduction in BP among hypertensive patients compared to usual care. Future fully powered RCTs to test the effectiveness of such interventions among low-income populations are recommended. Trial registration number: PACTR202309530525257.

Prevalence of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease among school-going children and adolescents in Eldoret, Kenya.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence in Kenya is rising. Overweight, pre-hypertension and physical inactivity at younger ages is contributory. These risk factors are inadequately documented among Kenyan children and adolescents, hampering CVD prevention. this cross-sectional study randomly sampled 384 participants from Eldoret, Kenya. After ethical considerations, physical activity was assessed. Body mass index (BMI), Waist-Hip-Ratio (WHR) and Waist-Height-Ratio (WHtR) were determined, and blood pressure (BP) was measured. participants were 14.6±2.7 years, and 62.6% were female. Eight percent had BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2. Of these, 87% were in secondary schools. Using SBP, 27.9% had CVD risk (42.5% and 20% for males and females ≥13 years and 26.5% and 27% for those <13 years, respectively). For DBP, 12.8% had elevated-to-hypertensive BP (13.2% and 8.3% for males and females ≥13 years and 11.8% and 25.4% for those <13 years, respectively). Combining SBP and DBP, 8.1%, mostly males, had elevated-to-hypertensive BP. Using respective WHR cutoffs of 0.90 and 0.85, 31% (boys) and 15.6% (girls) were at CVD risk. For WHtR, 39.6% of boys were >0.463 cut-off (0.493±0.02) against 32.4% for girls >0.469 cut-off (0.517±0.05). Of these, 52.6% (boys) and 69.7% (girls) were in secondary schools. Overall, 45% of participants were sports-inactive and 77.2% did minimal physical activities. among school-going children and adolescents in Eldoret, Kenya, the prevalence of CVD risk factors was high, especially among boys and in high schools. Large proportions had elevated BP, BMI, WHR and WHtR, and, further, were sedentary, posing a high CVD risk. Lifestyle interventions to mitigate this are urgently needed.

Comparison of coronary artery lesion complexity and body component parameters measured by TANITA.

Obesity is one of the main reversible causes of coronary artery disease. To investigate the relationship between body component measurements calculated with TANITA and SYNTAX score (SXscore), which indicates coronary complexity. 200 acute subendocardial myocardial infarction patients were included in our study. Body component measurements were made with the TANITA BC-601 device. After coronary angiography, patients were divided into two groups: high SXscore (≥ 22) and low-medium SXscore (< 22). When the high SXscore group (50 patients) was compared with the low medium SXscore group (150 patients); for waist height ratio (p = 0.001), total fat weight (p = 0.001), total fat percentage (p = 0.006), total water percentage (p = 0.001), trunk fat percentage (p = 0.001), internal fat (p = 0.001) and metabolic age (p < 0.001), a statistical difference was found. In the correlation analysis, a correlation was detected between high SXscore and the waist height ratio (p = 0.042), trunk fat percentage (p = 0.047), internal fat (p < 0.001) and metabolic age (p = 0.009). ROC curve analysis for prediction of high SXscore detection; the cut-off value for internal fat and metabolic age was found to be 13.5-60.5 with 60-64% sensitivity and 61.3-62.7% specificity. We demonstrated the relationship between parameters such as internal fat, trunk fat percentage and metabolic age calculated by TANITA and SXscore, which is the coronary complexity score. We recommend that patients with high values detected during TANITA measurements be followed more carefully in terms of primary preventive medicine.

A Study Assessing the Correlation of Atherogenic Index of Plasma with Severity of Coronary Artery Disease by Modified Gensini Score in Postmenopausal Women

ABSTRACT Introduction: The latest area of interest in lipids is small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C). They are highly atherogenic. There is no effective way of estimating them convetionally. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) reflects the level of sdLDL-C. The postmenopausal women have increased likelihood for coronary artery disease (CAD). In this study, the correlation between AIP and severity of CAD in postmenopausal women was assessed. Materials and Methods: A total of 448 postmenopausal women with chest pain were screened, of which 252 had a provisional diagnosis of CAD. Of them, 148 patients satisfying inclusion criteria were enrolled. Routine investigations, electrocardiogram, echocardiography, and coronary angiogram (CAG) were performed. Modified Gensini score (mGS) was used for severity of CAD. Chi-square test and Spearman correlation were used to analyze the correlation. Results: The mean age was 57 ± 8.3 years. The most common presentation was STEMI (32.4%), followed by unstable angina (28.4%). Patients already on statin therapy were 26.4%. Hypertension (HTN) was the most common risk factor (38.5%), followed by diabetes with HTN (23%). The mean AIP and mGS score were 0.23 ± 0.16 and 99.66 ± 65.61, respectively. Higher AIP values were seen in patients with higher mGS. Patients on statins and with normal lipid parameters showed higher mGS and AIP. There was a positive correlation of AIP with diabetes, HTN, Vitamin-D deficiency, C-reactive protein, body mass index, waist-circumference, waist-hip ratio, and waist-height ratio. Conclusion: AIP is a novel indicator and a strong marker for predicting the severity of CAD in postmenopausal women. In postmenopausal women with recurrent CAD and on statin therapy previously, AIP levels were high, implying that they need further management.

Differences in the Characteristics and Factors Associated with Insulin Resistance in Normal Weight and Overweight Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women

OBJECTIVE This research aimed to compare clinical and biochemical parameters between normal and overweight-obese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients, and to determine the association between insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and anthropometric, biochemical and hormo-nal factors in both groups of PCOS. METHODS This study was of a cross sectional design. PCOS was diagnosed using the Revised Rotterdam Criteria 2003. Participants underwent history taking and physical examination. Blood samples were collected for FPG, insulin, lipid profiles, TSH, FSH, LH, SHBG, total testosterone, and free androgen index (FAI). Insulin resistance index was calculated by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). Clinical and biochemical parameters were compared between both groups of PCOS. Associations between HOMA-IR and anthropometry, biochemistry and hormonal para-meters between groups were determined separately. RESULTS Sixty-four female with PCOS were enrolled. Comparison of biochemical analyses found that the free androgen index was higher and that LH and SHBG were lower in the overweight-obese group. HOMA-IR was greater in the overweight-obese group. In the overweight-obese group, there were statistically significant correlations between the HOMA-IR with the measured BMI, waist circumference, waist-height ratio, HDL, triglycerides, SHBG and the free androgen index. Interestingly, in the normal weight group, only the triglycerides, SHBG and the free androgen indix had a statistically significant correlation with HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS There were clear differences in the parameters related to insulin resistance between overweight-obese and normal weight PCOS; however, triglycerides, SHBG, and the free androgen index played a significant role in insulin resistance in both groups of PCOS. KEYWORDS homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), insulin resistance, polycystic ovary syndrome

Serum glutathione peroxidase is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents.

oxidative stress is an important factor in the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to compare the serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and antioxidant micronutrients in children and adolescents with and without NAFLD. a cross-sectional study with patients between 8-18 years old, of both sexes. Diagnosis of NAFLD: presence of steatosis on ultrasound and absence of history of ethanol consumption and other liver diseases. Anthropometric measures, MDA, GPx, Interleukin-6, serum levels of vitamins A, C and E, selenium, zinc, and copper were evaluated. eighty-nine children with mean age of 12 (3) years, 57.3 % female and 24 % with NAFLD were evaluated. Those with NAFLD had more frequent abdominal obesity (high waist-height ratio: 81.0 % x 48.5 %; p = 0.009). After logistic regression NAFLD was associated with high body mass index/age (p-adjusted = 0.021) and with reduced serum GPx (p-adjusted = 0.034). There was a positive correlation between MDA and copper (r = 0.288; p = 0.006), IL-6 (r = 0.357; p = 0.003) and a negative one with vitamin A (r = -0.270; p = 0.011). oxidative stress is present in children with NAFLD and non-invasive markers such as GPx and BMI can be used in clinical practice and help in the early screening of NAFLD.

Trend, Associated Factors and Concordance of Obesity by Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference and Waist-Height Ratio in Adolescents. An Analysis of a 4-Year National Survey

Introduction: Regarding diagnosis, identifying reliable anthropometric measures to detect adolescent obesity is fundamental. However, in this age group has different definitions, either according to the body mass index (BMI), the waist circunference (WC) and the waist-height ratio (WHtR), making the measurement of this inaccurate.&#x0D; Objective: This study analyzed the prevalence, trends, and factors associated with obesity in Peruvian adolescents using data from the Demographic and Health Survey (ENDES) for 2019-2022.&#x0D; Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted on 14,330 adolescents aged 15 to 19. The response variable was obesity, defined in three different ways. General obesity was assessed using the BMI was ≥ 2 standard deviations. 2) Abdominal obesity was defined through WC, with cutoff points ≥ 80.5 cm in men and ≥ 81 cm in women. 3) The relevant indicator for obesity was the WHtR, with a cutoff point ≥ 0.5. The associated factors to be evaluated were sex, age, natural region, marital status, education level, wealth, area of residence, alcohol consumption, and physical disability.&#x0D; Results: The study found that based on BMI, WC, and WHtR respectively, approximately 12.80%, 29.72%, and 24.27% of participants were considered obese. Significant associations were found between obesity and variables such as gender, natural region, marital status, wealth index, area of residence, education level, alcohol consumption, and physical disability.&#x0D; Conclusion: This research uncovered an alarmingly prevalence occurrence of obesity among adolescents in Peru with fluctuating patterns over time, emphasizing the need to tackle the interconnected issues contributing to this health concern. These findings can help inform and guide obesity prevention and control strategies in this population.

The Burden of Obesity and Hypertension Among a Vegetarian Ethnic Minority Community: A Study Among Jain's of Madhya Pradesh, India

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity is increasing among children and adults worldwide. Obesity is one of the major risk factors for hypertension. Thus, the study aimed to document the prevalence of obesity, hypertension and their association with each other among the Jain community of Khurai town, Sagar District (Madhya Pradesh), India. Methods: Data was collected on 175 participants belonging to the age group of 20-59 years. Anthropometric measurements were taken and indices were calculated such as Body mass index, waist-hip ratio, and waist-height ratio to assess general and abdominal obesity. Blood pressure was recorded using a sphygmomanometer. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was found 25.71 percent and 9.71 percent. Whereas, 54.28 percent and 48.14 percent of participants were at risk for central obesity. The prevalence of hypertension was 41.14 percent. Obesity and hypertension were more prevalent among males, females were more overweight. Hypertension had a significant (p-value &lt;0.01) positive correlation with anthropometric indices. Body Mass Index imposed highest significant increase risk (p-value &lt;0.05) on hypertension. Conclusion: Jain adults had a high prevalence of overweight/obesity and hypertension despite of being vegetarian community. Therefore, more attention should be directed towards this community for the prevention, management, and treatment of non-communicable diseases.

Evaluation of the most common parameters used to describe cardiovascular risk and the influence of ketogenic and Mediterranean diet

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) stands as the leading global cause of mortality, underscoring the critical need for practical tools to assess CVD risk at an early stage. An accessible approach involves the evaluation of bloodwork alongside simple anthropometric measurements. This narrative review seeks to establish the appropriateness of common parameters used in the outpatient setting in assessing the risk of developing CVD. These parameters encompass bloodwork values employed to characterize insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia, as well as anthropometric measurements used to describe issues related to overweight and fat distribution. A particular emphasis is placed on understanding how Mediterranean and ketogenic diets influence these parameters. In the realm of bloodwork, findings indicate that the triglycerides (TG) to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) ratio serves as a valuable tool for assessing both IR and dyslipidemia. Less emphasis should be placed on total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) because the existing literature lacks consistency and fails to establish a clear, direct correlation between cholesterol levels, CVD, and mortality. On the other hand, numerous studies consistently demonstrate a direct correlation between CVD, mortality, and the levels of small-dense LDL (sdLDL), which represent the oxidized form of LDL. Regarding anthropometric parameters, the body mass index (BMI) falls short in value as it neglects to consider fat distribution and lean mass. More informative are anthropometric parameters that account for a single measure of fat mass and another for lean mass, such as the waist-height ratio (WHtR) or the waist-hip ratio (WHR). Both Mediterranean and ketogenic diets demonstrate improvements across major parameters used to evaluate CVD and mortality risk. The ketogenic diet, in particular, yields superior results in most aspects, except cholesterol levels. Further studies are recommended to refine dyslipidemia characterization and its connection to health outcomes.

Association between cardiometabolic index and erectile dysfunction among US adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004.

The aim of this study was to assess the association between a new metabolic index, the cardiometabolic index (CMI) and erectile dysfunction (ED). The data for this study relied on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a cross-sectional database, between 2001 and 2004. The CMI was calculated as the following formula: Triglyceride (TG) (mmol/L)/ High density lipid-cholesterol (HDL-C) (mmol/L) ×waist-height ratio (WHtR). The multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between CMI and ED, supplemented by subgroup analysis and dose-response curves. Finally, a total of 1367 adult male participants were identified, and the mean CMI was 0.83 ± 0.02. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in model 2 controlling for all potential confounders, CMI was significantly associated with ED (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.04) (p = 0.017). Subsequently, we convert the CMI from a continuous variable to a categorical variable (Tertiles). The results showed that male participants in CMI Tertile 3 group had a higher risk of ED than those in Tertile 1 group in model 2 (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.83, P = 0.024). The subgroup analysis of model 2 demonstrated that CMI was significantly associate with ED in participants aged ≥50 y (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.35, 3.95, P = 0.005), body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2 (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.90, P = 0.023), with hypertension (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.63, 3.45, P = 0.020), with diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.47, P = 0.015), with cardiovascular disease (CVD) (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.10, P = 0.011) and smoking (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.26, 3.39, P = 0.007). This study demonstrates a strong association between CMI and ED and an increased risk of ED with higher CMI levels. More prospective studies with large samples and good designs are needed to validate our results in the future.

ANTROPOMETRIC INDICATORS, NUTRITIONALSTATUS AND CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK IN SCHOOLCHILDREN WHIT MAPUCHE AND NON. MAPUCHE ETHNIC GROUPS, CHILE

Objectives: To identify, through the association of anthropometric, status nutritional and physical variables, the cardiometabolic risk in Mapuche and non-Mapuche schoolchildren in the Araucanía Region.&#x0D; Material and methods: It is a descriptive, cross-sectional study, using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H statistical tests. The data were analyzed with the SPSS program, version 22.0 (p &lt; 0.05). The participants were 250 schoolchildren: 185 Mapuche and 65 non-Mapuche. Anthropometric tests of weight and height for age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-height ratio (WSR), and the Course Navette aerobic capacity test (VO2max), Ruffier index were evaluated and resting heart rate (RHR).&#x0D; Results: Mapuche and non-Mapuche schoolchildren presented similar sizes; Their weight and waist circumference differed according to their body mass index classifications, however there were no statistically significant differences between the ethnic groups.&#x0D; Conclusions: The size variable does not determine the presence or absence of cardiometabolic risk in schoolchildren with Mapuche and non-Mapuche ethnic ancestry through the WSR indicator. However, the study demonstrated that the weight and WC variables directly influence the presence of cardiometabolic risk in the schoolchildren of the sample diagnosed with overweight and obesity.&#x0D; Keywords: Anthropometry, Schoolchildren, Ethnic group, Cardiometabolic risk.

Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Risk: Are the Mediterranean Diet, the Heart-Healthy Diet, and Phytochemicals Associated with Lower Cardiovascular Risks?

Dietary pattern may be one of the determinants of cardiovascular health. This study aimed to examine the relationship between a heart-healthy diet, the phytochemical content of a diet, and Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. This study was conducted with healthy volunteers (n=1446) from Turkey between August 2022 and September 2022. As risk assessment systems to determine CVD risks, SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) and ASCVD (Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease) were used. We utilized MEDFICTS (Meats, Eggs, Dairy, Fried foods, Fat in Baked Goods, Convenience Foods, Fats Added at the Table, and Snacks) to establish the suitability of the current diet for heart health, and MEDAS (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener) to examine the Mediterranean diet characteristics of the current diet. The phytochemical content of the diet was determined using the Phytochemical Index method developed by McCarty. The lifetime and 10-year risk scores of SCORE and ASCVD were positively correlated with the MEDFICTS score (r=0.12, P<0.001; r=0.06, P=0.020; r=0.10, P=0.001, respectively). Mediterranean diet characteristics were correlated with lower CVD risk as per the SCORE categories (r=-0.07, P=0.009). A one-unit increase in MEDFICTS scores increased high-to-very high CVD risk and 10-year moderate-to-high CVD risk by 1.01 times, while a one-unit increase in the Mediterranean diet score decreased high-to-very high CVD risk and 10-year moderate-to-high CVD risk by 0.91 times and 0.95 times, respectively. In addition, high values of body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-height ratio, and neck circumference were associated with higher CVD risk (P<0.001). Adopting a Mediterranean diet and a heart-healthy diet may be a good strategy to reduce CVD risks.

Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure and Its Relationship With Anthropometric Risk Factors in Students of a Pre-university Girls' College in Bangalore: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background There is a growing concern regarding elevated blood pressure in adolescence. Children and adolescents with high blood pressure are at risk for adult hypertension. Being overweight and obese are important risk factors for hypertension. This study aimed to determinethe prevalence of elevated blood pressure and its association with anthropometric risk factors among students of a pre-university girls' college. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among 337 students at a pre-university girls' college aged 15-19 years in urban Bangalore. A self-administered, semi-structured, pretested questionnaire collected the sociodemographic details, family history, and lifestyle. Height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference were measured. Standard cut-off levels were used for body mass index (BMI), WC, waist-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-height ratio (WHtR). Resting blood pressure was determined using a digital blood pressure monitor. It was classified into normotensive, pre-hypertension (>90th to <95th percentile), and hypertension (>95th percentile). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Pre-hypertension and hypertension were considered as having elevated blood pressure. Results The prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension was 21.4% (n = 72, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 17.0-25.7) and 9.8% (n = 33, 95% CI = 6.6-13.0), respectively. The prevalence of overweight was 20.2% (n = 68, 95% CI = 15.9-24.5) and obesity was 12.2% (n = 41, 95% CI = 8.7-15.7). WC, WHR, and WHtR were abnormal in 34.7% (n = 117, 95% CI = 29.6-39.8), 47.5% (n = 160, 95% CI = 42.1-52.8), and 45.7% (n = 154, 95% CI = 50.4-51.0), respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation betweensystolic blood pressure and BMI (p < 0.001), WC (p < 0.001), and WHtR (p < 0.001), as well asdiastolic blood pressure and BMI (p < 0.001), WC (p = 0.008), and WHtR (p = 0.011). Statistically significant differences in mean BMI (p = 0.004), WC (p < 0.001), WHR (p = 0.007), and WHtR (p = 0.001) between normal, pre-hypertensive, and hypertensive students were also noted. Conclusions Pre-hypertension and hypertension are fundamental problems in pre-university girl students. With a similarly increased prevalence of obesity and other anthropometric risk factors, students must be aware of hypertension and its risk factors.

Lifestyle factors predict gout outcomes: Results from the NOR-Gout longitudinal 2-year treat-to-target study

ObjectiveGout is associated with lifestyle, body mass index (BMI) and comorbidities, including dyslipidaemia. We studied how in actively treated patients, anthropometric measures and lipid levels changed over 2 years and...

Development and Validation of a Novel Model for Predicting Coronary Heart Disease in Snoring Hypertensive Patients with Hyperhomocysteinemia.

Hypertensive patients with snoring and elevated plasma homocysteine levels are common. When these factors are combined, the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) is high. Herein, we developed and validated an easy-to-use nomogram to predict high-risk CHD in snoring hypertensive patients with elevated plasma homocysteine.Snoring patients (n = 1,962) with hyperhomocysteinemia and hypertension were divided into training (n = 1,373, 70%) and validation (n = 589, 30%) sets. We extracted CHD predictors using multivariate Cox regression analysis, then constructed a nomogram model. Internal validation using 1,000 bootstrap resampling was performed to assess the consistency and discrimination of the predictive model using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration plots.We constructed a nomogram model with the extracted predictors, including age, waist-height ratio, smoking, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The AUCs of the training and validation cohorts at 80 months were 0.735 (95% CI: 0.678-0.792) and 0.646 (95% CI: 0.547-0.746), respectively. The consistency between the observed CHD survival and the probability of CHD survival in the training and validation sets was acceptable based on the calibration plots. A total of more than 151 points in the nomogram can be used in the identification of high-risk patients for CHD among snoring hypertensive patients with elevated plasma homocysteine.We developed a CHD risk prediction model for snoring hypertension patients with hyperhomocysteinemia. Our findings provide a useful clinical tool for the rapid identification of high-risk CHD at an early stage.