Waist Girth Research Articles

Comparisons of Various Anthropometric Indices for Incident Hypertension in Military Young Adults: The CHIEF Cohort Study.

The study aimed to compare the predictive capabilities of the traditional anthropometric indices with the novel anthropometric indices for incident hypertension. Some novel anthropometric indices, e.g., the Body Roundness Index (BRI) and A Body Shape Index (ABSI) have been associated with prevalent hypertension. There are a few cohort studies that have examined the association of the novel anthropometric indices with newonset hypertension in young adults. This study included 2,448 military male and female young adults, aged 18-39 years, free of hypertension at baseline in Taiwan; they were followed for incidence of hypertension from 2014 till the end of 2020. Blood Pressure (BP) in mmHg was measured twice and averaged to verify hypertension, which was defined as systolic BP ≥130 and/or diastolic BP ≥80 or on antihypertensive medication therapy in each annual health examination. Anthropometric indices included the Body Mass Index (BMI) defined as the weight (kg)/height squared (m2), Waist Girth (WC) in cm, the Waist-to-height Ratio (WHtR), the BRI defined as 364.2 - 365.5 × {1 - [(WC/2π)/(0.5 × height)]2}0.5, as well as ABSI defined as WC/(BMI2/3 × height1/2). Multiple Cox regression analysis and Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Receiver of Operating Characteristics (ROC) were utilized with adjustments for the baseline potential covariates to determine the association and compare the performance of various indices for incident hypertension. During a median follow-up period of 6.0 years, 920 new-onset hypertension cases (37.6%) developed. Higher BMI, WC, BRI (per each 1-unit increase) and WHtR (per each 0.1- unit increase) were associated with a greater risk of new-onset hypertension [Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals: 1.060 (1.035-1.085), 1.021 (1.011-1.030), and 1.178 (1.077-1.288), respectively], whereas there was no association between ABSI and new-onset hypertension. For the ROC, WC was observed with the greatest AUC for incident new-onset hypertension [0.661 (0.638-0.683)], followed by BMI [0.650 (0.628-0.673)], while the ABSI was found with the lowest AUC [0.544 (0.521-0.568)]. Most of the anthropometric indices were associated with a higher risk of new-onset hypertension among young adults, except for ABSI. In addition, this study has suggested the traditional indices, such as WC and BMI, to be superior to the latest ones, e.g., BRI and ABSI, for the prediction of new-onset hypertension.

Analyses of Health Status Indicators and Physical Fitness Level of Medical Students from Targu Mures

The current paper summarizes the health status correlated with physical fitness of students from the University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and technology “George Emil Palade” from Targu Mures. A total of 301 university students aged between 18-24 years old voluntarily participated in the research. Health status and physical fitness level were investigated based on (1) anthropometric measurements (height, waist girth and hip girth); (2) bioelectrical impedance (body mass index, weight and body fat percentage); (3) fitness level (30m running speed, standing long jump, sit up, trunk extension). The data were processed with SPSS 22.0 for windows. Descriptive statistics, Independent Samples T Test and bivariate correlations were performed. Findings demonstrate normal limits in terms of BDI for 71.79% and 61.79% normal limits for body fat percentage according to age. Additionally, it was found associations between health indicators and physical fitness

The Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Adults with Vision Impairment from Low-, Middle- and High-Income Countries

ABSTRACT Purpose The limited evidence for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among adults with vision impairment (VI) has often been from developed countries using self-reported VI. This study evaluated the association of objectively-determined VI with the risk of CVD among adults from low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Methods Data were from 32,268 adults aged 30–74 years without CVD or blindness from China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russian Federation, South Africa, and the United States during 2007–2010. VI and severe VI was defined as presenting visual acuity worse than 6/18, and 6/60, respectively. The Framingham risk algorithm was used to estimate the risk for incident CVD. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. Results The mean age of participants was 46.4 years, with half of them being women (49.3%). The age-adjusted prevalence of VI ranged from 1.1% (United States) to 14.2% (South Africa) while severe VI ranged from 0.4% (United States) to 4.5% (Ghana). In models adjusting for country, sociodemographic factors, waist girth, healthcare use, activities of daily living and other health-related factors, VI was associated with CVD risk ≥ 10% (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.22–2.36). This observed association was largely consistent across countries (p = 0.119). The observed CVD risk was similar among adults with moderate or severe VI (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.50–1.83). CVD risk was higher among adults with VI who were <65 years old (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.36–2.63) or were employed (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.58–3.16). Conlusions This cross-national study shows that individuals with VI are at high risk for future CVD.

Gender and academic year as moderators of the efficacy of mobile app interventions to promote physical activity in adolescents: a randomized controlled trial

No previous study has analyzed the differences in the effectiveness of an intervention with mobile applications, according to gender and academic year, on the level of physical activity, body composition, and physical fitness of adolescents. For this reason, the aim of the present investigation was to establish the differences in the change in level of physical activity, kinanthropometric and derived variables, and fitness with an intervention to promote physical activity base on the use of mobile applications in adolescents according to gender and academic year. A randomized controlled trial was carried out with a 10-week intervention with mobile applications that was promoted by the physical education department of the school. The final sample consisted of 400 adolescents (210 males and 190 females; mean age: 13.96 ± 1.21 years). A total of 240 adolescents were placed in the experimental group, and 160 were placed in the control group. Physical activity, body composition and physical fitness were measured before (pre) and after the intervention (post). During the intervention, four apps were mandatory used by the adolescents (Strava, Pacer, MapMyWalk, Pokémon Go) a minimum of three times a week. The distance to be traveled increased weekly during the intervention. The control group did not use the apps but continued to perform their physical activities as normal. The results showed that the use of mobile apps was higher in females (p < 0.001; 71.1% females vs 50.0% males) and adolescents in higher academic year (p < 0.001; 74.4% fourth academic year vs 53.8% first academic year). Moreover, the use of the apps prevented the increase of variables related to fat accumulation (body mass index (BMI), fat mass, sum 3 skinfolds, waist, and hips girths). Specifically, the differences between male and female were significant in BMI (p < 0.001; mean diff: −0.352), corrected calf girth (p = 0.008; mean diff: −0.498), fat mass (p = 0.025; mean diff: 0.748), handgrip right (p = 0.002; mean diff: −1.359), handgrip left (p = 0.002; mean diff: −1.103), and countermovement jump (p = 0.002; mean diff: −2.456), while when considering academic year, differences were significant in height (p < 0.001–0.044; mean diff: −1.099 to −0.509), sum of 3 skinfolds (p = 0.046–0.047; mean diff: −3.255), waist girth (p = 0.048; mean diff: 0.584), hip girth (p < 0.001–0.008; mean diff: −1.461 to −0.777), corrected calf girth (p = 0.019–0.029; mean diff: −0.539 to −0.482), and fat mass (p = 0.025–0.046; mean diff: 1.011 to −1.392). It can be concluded that mobile apps can be a great alternative to promote the practice of physical activity, decrease of fat variables, and improve some physical fitness variables, especially in females and adolescents in higher academic year. As a consequence of the above, gender and academic year should be considered in future interventions with mobile apps, as the effects in kinanthropometric and derived variables, and fitness and the follow-up of the intervention by adolescents may be different depending on these factors. The research protocol was registered prior to the start of the study in ClinicalTrials.gov (code: NCT04860128), under the name “New technologies as a tool for health promotion in schoolchildren of compulsory secondary education”. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04860128?term=NCT04860128&draw=2&rank=1.

Novel Three-Dimensional Body Scan Anthropometry versus MR-Pelvimetry for Vaginal Breech Delivery Assessment.

In this prospective, monocentric study, we investigated the potency of a novel three-dimensional (3D) body scanner for external pelvic assessment in birth planning for intended vaginal breech delivery. Between April 2021 and June 2022, 73 singleton pregnancies with intended vaginal birth from breech presentation (>36.0 weeks of gestation) were measured using a pelvimeter by Martin, a three-dimensional body scanner, and MR-pelvimetry. Measures were related to vaginal birth and intrapartum cesarean section. A total of 26 outer pelvic dimensions and 7 inner pelvic measurements were determined. The rate of successful vaginal breech delivery was 56.9%. The AUC (area under the curve) of the obstetric conjugate (OC) measured by MRI for predicting the primary outcome was 0.62 (OR 0.63; p = 0.22), adjusted for neonatal birth weight 0.66 (OR 0.60; p = 0.19). Of the 22 measured 3D body scanner values, the ratio of waist girth to maternal height showed the best prediction (AUC = 0.71; OR 1.27; p = 0.015). The best predictive pelvimeter value was the distantia spinarum with an AUC of 0.65 (OR = 0.80). The 3D body scanner technique is at least equal to predict successful vaginal breech delivery compared to MRI diagnostics. Further large-scale, prospective studies are needed to verify these results.

Feasibility of mitigating out-toeing gait using compression tights with inward-directing taping lines.

Out-toeing gait may cause alterations in lower limb biomechanics that could lead to an increased risk of overuse injuries. Surgery and physical therapy are conventional methods for mitigating such gait, but they are costly and time-consuming. Wearable devices like braces and orthoses are used as affordable alternatives, but they apply non-negligible stress on the skin. Haptic feedback-delivering shoes were also recently developed, but they require actuators and power sources. The purpose of our study is to develop compression tights with inward directing taping lines that apply compression to lower limb muscles and segments to facilitate inward rotation of the foot, overcoming the drawbacks of previous methods. These compression tights were manufactured to fit the average height, leg length, hip girth, and waist girth of South Korean females in their twenties. The efficacy of these compression tights was evaluated by comparing walking kinematics and user satisfaction of 12 female dancers with an out-toeing gait under three conditions: wearing tights with taping lines, tights without taping lines, and basic bicycle shorts. The foot rotation angles and joint kinematics were recorded using a pressure-pad treadmill and motion capture system, respectively. Multiple pairwise comparisons revealed that the compression tights with inward-directing lines significantly reduced foot rotation angles (up to an average of 20.1%) compared with the bicycle shorts (p = 0.002 and 0.001 for dominant and non-dominant foot, respectively) or the compression tights without taping lines (p = 0.005 and p = 0.001 for dominant and non-dominant foot, respectively). Statistical parametric mapping revealed significant main effects of the tight type on joint kinematics. Also, t-tests revealed that the participants reported significantly higher ratings of perceived functionality and usability on the compression tights with inward-directing taping lines. In conclusion, we developed a comfortable and practical apparel-type wearable and demonstrated its short-term efficacy in mitigating out-toeing gait.

Garment sizing system development for Amhara policemen uniforms using data mining techniques

Purpose Sizing system is a fundamental topic in garment fitting. The purpose of this study was to assess the fit of existing police uniforms (shirt, jacket, overcoat and trousers) and develop a sizing system for upper and lower body uniforms of Amhara policemen in Ethiopia. Design/methodology/approach In total, 35 body dimensions of 889 policemen were taken through a manual anthropometric survey following the procedures in ISO 8559:1989 after each subject was interviewed on issues related to garment fit. The anthropometric data were pre-processed, key body dimensions were identified by principal components analysis and body types were clustered by the agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm and verified by the XGBoost classifier in a Python programming environment. The developed size charts were validated statistically using aggregate loss and accommodation rate. Findings About 44% of the subjects encountered fit problems every time they own new readymade uniforms. Lengths and side seams of shirts, and lengths and waist girths of trousers are the most frequently altered garment sites. Analysis of the anthropometric measurements resulted in 13 and 15 sizes for the upper and lower bodies, respectively. Moreover, the comparison of the developed upper garment size chart with the existing size chart for a shirt showed a considerable difference. This indicates that inappropriate size charts create fit problems. Originality/value The study considers the analysis of fit problems and sizing system development in a less researched country. Moreover, the proposed data mining procedure and its application for size chart development is unique and workable.

Association between Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Abnormal Glucose Risk: A Cohort Study.

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a predictor of chronic disease that is impractical to routinely measure in primary care settings. We used a new estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (eCRF) algorithm that uses information routinely documented in electronic health care records to predict abnormal blood glucose incidence. Participants were adults (17.8% female) 20-81 years old at baseline from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study between 1979 and 2006. eCRF was based on sex, age, body mass index, resting heart rate, resting blood pressure, and smoking status. CRF was measured by maximal treadmill testing. Cox proportional hazards regression models were established using eCRF and CRF as independent variables predicting the abnormal blood glucose incidence while adjusting for covariates (age, sex, exam year, waist girth, heavy drinking, smoking, and family history of diabetes mellitus and lipids). Of 8602 participants at risk at baseline, 3580 (41.6%) developed abnormal blood glucose during an average of 4.9 years follow-up. The average eCRF of 12.03 ± 1.75 METs was equivalent to the CRF of 12.15 ± 2.40 METs within the 10% equivalence limit. In fully adjusted models, the estimated risks were the same (HRs = 0.96), eCRF (95% CIs = 0.93-0.99), and CRF (95% CI of 0.94-0.98). Each 1-MET increase was associated with a 4% reduced risk. Higher eCRF is associated with a lower risk of abnormal glucose. eCRF can be a vital sign used for research and prevention.

Gender classification from anthropometric measurement by boosting decision tree: A novel machine learning approach

The decision tree used a generating set of rules based on various correlated variables for developing an algorithm from the target variable. Using the training dataset this paper used boosting tree algorithm for gender classification from twenty-five anthropometric measurements and extract twelve significant variables chest diameter, waist girth, biacromial, wrist diameter, ankle diameter, forearm girth, thigh girth, chest depth, bicep girth, shoulder girth, elbow girth and the hip girth with an accuracy rate of 98.42%, by seven decision rule sets serving the purpose of dimension reduction.

Softball Pitchers' Body Segment Girths Are Associated with Varied Biomechanics at Ball Release of the Pitch.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between pitcher trunk and throwing arm girth with kinematics at ball release of the softball pitch. Softball pitchers can be of various shapes and sizes; however, it is unknown if segment girth might influence pitch biomechanics. Because of the importance of body positioning at ball release of the windmill pitch, this study examined the relationship between segment girth and pitch biomechanics at ball release. Forty-two pitchers volunteered to participate (1.706 ± 0.061 m, 74.98 ± 15.94 kg, 15.5 ± 1.7 yr). Participants' throwing upper arm, chest, waist, and hip girth were measured. Participants then pitched fastballs to a catcher (43 ft) while an electromagnetic motion capture system synced with a force plate and motion analysis software collected kinematic data (sampled at 240 Hz). Linear regressions revealed that upper arm, chest, and waist girth were associated with throwing arm shoulder horizontal abduction. Greater segment girth was associated with less horizontal abduction at ball release of the pitch. Segment girth is related to pitch biomechanics and may influence body positions at crucial softball pitch events such as ball release. Understanding biomechanical differences according to body segment girth is important for safe and optimal player development and performance.

Abstract P564: Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in a Young Sub-Saharan African Community

Background: Metabolic syndrome is known as a predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), a leading cause of death globally. The factors that comprise metabolic syndrome are on the rise in Sub-Saharan Africa, and data regarding the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in communities of aged less than 40 years old remain scarce. Methods: Data were collected between March and April 2013 from 3 regions of the Northern Senegal (i.e., Saint-Louis, Matam et and Louga) using a cluster sampling method and the survey base of the national statistical and demographical agency. Subjects aged between 18 and 80 years were recruited, however, the present study focused on adult populations below 40 years of age. Participants underwent a face-to-face questionnaire to collect demographics and data on cardiovascular history/risk factors. Blood pressure (BP) and anthropometric measurements were performed in addition to a blood test measuring fasting triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and plasma glucose. Metabolic syndrome was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥110 mg/dl, serum triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl, serum HDL cholesterol &lt;40 mg/dl, BP ≥130/85 mmHg or on BP medication, or waist girth &gt;102 cm in males or &gt;89 cm in females. Comparisons used the χ2 test for categorical variables and Student’s t test for continuous variables. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with CFI, after considering potential confounders. Covariates with significant association (P&lt;0.05) in univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic model. Results: Of the 2,440 subjects recruited, 1080 participants were less than 40 years old and included in the current analysis. The mean age of these participants was 31 ± 7.53I. There were 296 (27%) male participants in our study. . Overall, there were 41 participants (3.8%) with metabolic. For individual components of metabolic syndrome, body mass index of 25 or higher was present in 32% of the population with a significant increase among women (38 vs 15% vs 3,7%, p&lt;0,001). The prevalence of hypertension was28% and more than half of the population presented with dyslipidaemia (554 participants). Among those with dyslipidemia, 339 have a high total cholesterol index (61%, 95% CI: 57-65%). Conclusion: Our community-based cross-sectional study revealed a low prevalence of metabolic syndrome among younger participants in northern Senegal. However, the prevalence of dyslipidaemia was high.

Estimativa da massa gorda em adolescentes do sexo feminino do sul do Brasil: desenvolvimento e validação de modelos matemáticos

abstract This study aimed to develop and validate the first mathematical models, based on anthropometric properties, to estimate fat mass (FM) in a heterogeneous sample of female adolescents. A cross-sectional and quantitative study conducted with 196 individuals aged 12 to 17 years from the metropolitan region of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: regression sample (n = 169) and validation sample (n = 27). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used as the reference method to determine body fat in relative and absolute values. Stature, body mass, waist girth and triceps, subscapular, biceps, iliac crest, abdominal, front thigh and medial calf skinfold thickness were defined as independent variables and measured according to an international technical protocol. Statistical analyzes used the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model, paired t test and Pearson correlation. Four multivariate mathematical models with high determination coefficients (R2 ≥90%) and low estimated standard errors (SEE = ≤2.02 kg) were developed. Model 4 stands out for its low number of independent variables and significant statistical performance (R2 = 90%; SEE = 1.92 kg). It is concluded that the four mathematical models developed are valid for estimating FM in female adolescents in southern Brazil.

Classification of male upper body shape: An innovative approach

This study aims at the proposition of a novel strategy to classify the upper body silhouette of the male population into different shapes. Instead of using an existing measuring scheme based on linear evaluation of the body, we devise the use of angle-based anthropometric data to capture the exhibited curvature of the upper body. The objectives are attained by quantifying and employing the chest-waist (CW) angle and hip-waist (HW) angle in the instigation of a more appropriate classification of the upper body. A sample of 241 males aged 17–29 years was scanned through a 3D body scanner to gather the anthropometric data including chest girth, waist girth, and hip girth and their respective heights. In the next phase, the extracted information was used to calculate the angles. Based on the empirical realizations of the resulting indices, criteria defining the classifications of the body shape were determined. The operational environment is further enriched by considering varying levels of angular differences capable of offering more notable stratification of the upper male body shapes. It is realized that the angular difference of 10° between the CW and HW angles results in the more prominent classification of the upper male body. The proposed body classification technique classifies the sample of 241 males into three body shapes that are, straight (61%), hourglass (36.51%), and torch shape (2.48%). The classification scheme proposed in this study is a step toward achieving a high degree of customer satisfaction regarding clothing fit. It is a reference for coming research in body shape classification to achieve clothing fit in customized clothing.

Relationship between Waist Girth, Insulinemia and Metabolic Parameters in Brazilian Adults

Relationship between Waist Girth, Insulinemia and Metabolic Parameters in Brazilian Adults

МОРФОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ГОРОДСКОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ДЕВУШЕК ДВУХ ЭТНИЧЕСКИХ ГРУПП Г. САРАНСКА)

Introduction. The ongoing urbanization, on the one hand, promotes the unification of people of different ethnic and social groups and cultures, enriching them. On the other hand, it smoothes and even destroys cultural differences, creating multicultural communities. Questions about the similarities or differences in the morphophysiological status of the ethnically diverse population living in the same territory are of interest. The aim of the study is to analyze the morphophysiological and psychological characteristics of students of various ethnicities living in the city of Saransk (on the example of girls).Materials and methods. The work is based on the materials of a comprehensive anthropological survey of students of higher educational institutions in Saransk. Morphological (body height and weight, waist and hip girths, body components), physiological (indicators of cardiovascular, respiratory and musculoskeletal systems, level of adaptive potential) and psychological (level of anxiety, depression, stress resistance, aggressiveness) characteristics of girls of different ethnicity (East Slavic ethnic groups, Mordovains and mixed origin) were evaluated. The total number of participants – 107, aged 17 – 21.Results. According to the average values of morphological signs, the girls of Saransk do not differ from their peers from Europe and North America, and according to physiological indicators they correspond to the established norms. The value of the adaptive potential corresponds to the functional stress. The level of anxiety, depression and aggressiveness can be assessed as average, and according to the indicator of stress resistance, the girls of Saransk belong to the category «propensity to type A» (instability to stress is often manifested). There were no statistically significant differences in morphofunctional and psychological indicators between groups of girls of different ethnic origin.Conclusion. Due to the absence of statistically significant differences in the studied characteristics between groups of girls of different ethnic origin, the identified features can be considered as regional. To exclude the possible influence of the socio-economic heterogeneity of the group on morphophysiological features, it is necessary to expand the research program with a detailed questionnaire.

Development and Validation of an Anthropometric Equation to Predict Fat Mass Percentage in Professional and Semi-Professional Male Futsal Players.

This study aimed to (i) characterise the body composition of professional and semi-professional male futsal players, (ii) assess the validity of commonly used equations to estimate FM%, (iii) develop and cross-validate a futsal-specific FM% prediction equation. In a cross-sectional design, 78 adult male futsal players were assessed for body mass, stature, skinfolds, and girths as per the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry protocol and completed a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan for reference body composition data. Using paired-sample t-tests, the FM% from the DXA and nine published equations were compared. New sport-specific models were developed by stepwise multiple regression. Existing equations were cross-validated using the least squares regression, concordance correlation coefficient, and the Bland-Altman analyses. New equations were further cross-validated using the PRESS approach. None of the existing equations accurately predicted the DXA-derived FM% (p &lt; 0.001; R2 ≤ 0.76, SEE ≥ 1.59; CCC ≤ 0.83; bias = -8.2% to -1.3%, limited agreement, and varying trends). The novel Bettery® equation: -0.620 + (0.159 ∗ Σ4SKF [triceps, abdominal, iliac crest, and front thigh (mm)]) + (0.120 ∗ waist girth (cm)), demonstrated a high accuracy (R2 = 0.85, SEE = 1.32%), a moderate strength of agreement (CCC = 0.92), no bias (0.2%), good agreement (±2.5%), and no trend (r = -0.157; p = 0.170) against the DXA. The Bettery® equation is the first to allow for a valid and sport-specific assessment of FM% in male futsal players.

Development and Validation of a Novel Waist Girth-Based Equation to Estimate Fat Mass in Young Colombian Elite Athletes (F20CA Equation): A STROSA-Based Study.

The estimation of body fat percentage (%BF) from anthropometry-related data requires population-specific equations to avoid incorrect interpretations in young athletes. Waist girth (WG) has been described as potential predictor of fat mass (FM) in several populations; however, there are no valid WG-based equations to estimate body composition in young Colombian athletes. The aim of this STandardisierte BerichtsROutine für Sekundärdaten Analysen STROSA-based study was twofold: i) to validate the relative fat mass (RFM) and its pediatric version (RFMp) compared to dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and ii) to develop a new equation (F20CA) to estimate the fat mass in Colombian children and adolescent elite athletes. A total of 114 young athletes that belong to the ‘Team Medellín’ program (58F, 56M; 51 children, 63 adolescents; 14.85 [2.38] years; 55.09 [12.16] kg; 162.38 [11.53] cm) participated in this cross-sectional study. The statistical analysis revealed a poor correlation, agreement and concordance of RFMp and RFM estimations with DXA measurements. After model specification using both Ordinary Least Square method and Bayesian analysis, the regression output revealed that sex, body mass-to-waist ratio, and waist-to-stature ratio were the statistically significant predictor variables that account for variability in FM. The new F20CA equation is expressed as FM (kg) = 5.46 ∗ (Sex) + 0.21 ∗ (BM/W [kg/m]) + 81.7 ∗ (W/Stature [cm/cm]) − 41.8 (R2 = 0.683; SEE = 2.468 kg), where sex is 0 for males and 1 for females. A moderate-to-high correlation and agreement of the F20CA was confirmed within the internal validation data set (R2 = 0.689; ICC [95%CI] = 0.805 [0.615, 0.904]; RMSE = 2.613 kg). The Bland–Altman analysis corroborated the high concordance between the reference method (DXA) and the F20CA-estimated FM (bias [95% LoA] = 1.02 [−3.77, 5.81] kg), indicating the two methods could be considered interchangeable. Even though external validation is needed, practitioners are advised to use the F20CA in young Colombian athletes with similar characteristics to those who participated in this study.

Proposal for standardizing normal insulin ranges in Brazilian patients and a new classification of metabolic syndrome.

BackgroundInsulin resistance and/or hyperinsulinemia are closely linked to adiposity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and prolonged inflammatory processes.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 1,018 adult individuals with a mean age of 46 years (74% male) and classified them as: Metabolically normal: without any of the five criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) used for the diagnosis of MetS, plus normal fasting insulin (Men < 8 mU/L, Women < 10 mU/L); Level 1 MetS: with one or two IDF criteria, plus hyperinsulinemia (Men: ≥ 8 mU/L), and Women: ≥ 10 mU/L); Level 2 MetS: with three or more IDF criteria, plus hyperinsulinemia.ResultsThe mean values for fasting insulinemia in metabolically normal individuals was 4.6 ± 1.8 mU/L and 5.6 ± 2.3 mU/L, while their means for the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) were 1.0 and 1.2 for men and women, respectively. In addition, the mean values for insulin (and HOMA-IR) for individuals with two normal anthropometric parameters (body mass index and waist girth), or two normal anthropometric parameters plus no IDF criteria, were similar to the metabolically normal group. Based on the obtained mean + 2 SD, we established the following insulin (and HOMA-IR) values as diagnostic cut-offs for hyperinsulinemia: Men: ≥ 8 mU/L (≥ 1.5), and Women: ≥ 10 mU/L (≥ 2.0). The mean serum insulin was significantly higher for individuals with Level 1 MetS (approx. 9 mU/L for both genders) compared with metabolically normal individuals, as was the prevalence of hepatic steatosis, which was more evident in men. Thus, the presence of one or two abnormal IDF criteria, combined with hyperinsulinemia and/or raised HOMA-IR, suggests the presence of MetS and insulin resistance. Patients of both genders with Level 2 MetS had higher serum insulin and/or HOMA-IR values than Level 1, as well as a higher prevalence of hypertension and hepatic steatosis, being more pronounced among men. The process was progressive and proportional to the degree of hyperinsulinemia.ConclusionIt is proposed that intervention against MetS progression should be started in individuals with Level 1 MetS, rather than waiting for more criteria for diagnostic confirmation, which this should help to reduce the occurrence of known complications such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease, among others.

Comparison Of Waist Girth Assessment In Women According To ISAK And NHANES Methods

Comparison Of Waist Girth Assessment In Women According To ISAK And NHANES Methods

Development and Validation of Waist Girth-Based Equations to Evaluate Body Composition in Colombian Adults: Rationale and STROBE-Nut-Based Protocol of the F20 Project.

Waist girth (WG) represents a quick, simple, and inexpensive tool that correlates with excess of fat mass in humans; however, this measurement does not provide information on body composition. The evaluation of body composition is one of the main components in the assessment of nutritional status. Indeed, the use of anthropometry-based equations to estimate body fat and fat-free mass is a frequent strategy. Considering the lack of validation in the Colombian population, the aim of this research study (the F20 Project) is to externally validate WG-based equations (e.g., relative fat mass), and also to develop and validate new models that include WG to estimate body composition in Colombian adults compared to DXA. This cross-sectional study will be carried out following the guidelines for Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology–Nutritional Epidemiology (STROBE–nut). Using stratified probabilistic sampling, the study population will be adults with different levels of physical activity residing in Medellín and its metropolitan area. The results of this study will not only validate the estimation performance of the current WG-based equations, but they will also develop new equations to estimate body composition in the Colombian population. This will improve professional practice in health, exercise, and sports sciences (ClinicalTrials.gov ID #NCT05450588).