Waikato Environment For Knowledge Analysis Research Articles

Prediction of Mortality Rate of COVID-19 Patients using Machine Learning Techniques in Nigeria

Corona virus disease pandemic have highly destructive effects around the world and this virus has affected both developed and developing nations. In this paper, predictive model for the mortality rate of patients infected with corona virus in Nigeria using data mining techniques is developed. Oral interview was conducted with virologist at health institution (The Federal medical centre, Owo, Ondo state, Nigeria) to ask for some basic factors that causes mortality in infected corona virus patients. Online survey was done based on these ten basic factors and three hundred and two responses were collected and preprocessed. A ten fold cross validation technique was used to partition the datasets into training and testing data in which predictive models were developed using data mining algorithms (Multilayer Perception, Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree and Decision Rule) . Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) was used to simulate the models and the result shows that the four models developed have the capability to forecast mortality rate of corona virus adequately. Conclusively, multilayer perception has the highest level of performance with 85% accuracy. Multilayer Perception model is effective, reliable and is recommended to forecast the rate of mortality of patients infected with corona virus. Moreover, this prediction is important because the death of any patients is emotional and physically challenging to the morning families

Prediction of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Development of Machine Learning Models on a Prospective Cohort.

BackgroundPreeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction are placental dysfunction–related disorders (PDDs) that require a referral decision be made within a certain time period. An appropriate prediction model should be developed for these diseases. However, previous models did not demonstrate robust performances and/or they were developed from datasets with highly imbalanced classes.ObjectiveIn this study, we developed a predictive model of PDDs by machine learning that uses features at 24-37 weeks’ gestation, including maternal characteristics, uterine artery (UtA) Doppler measures, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-1 (sFlt-1), and placental growth factor (PlGF).MethodsA public dataset was taken from a prospective cohort study that included pregnant women with PDDs (66/95, 69%) and a control group (29/95, 31%). Preliminary selection of features was based on a statistical analysis using SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute). We used Weka (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis) 3.8.3 (The University of Waikato, Hamilton, NZ) to automatically select the best model using its optimization algorithm. We also manually selected the best of 23 white-box models. Models, including those from recent studies, were also compared by interval estimation of evaluation metrics. We used the Matthew correlation coefficient (MCC) as the main metric. It is not overoptimistic to evaluate the performance of a prediction model developed from a dataset with a class imbalance. Repeated 10-fold cross-validation was applied.ResultsThe classification via regression model was chosen as the best model. Our model had a robust MCC (.93, 95% CI .87-1.00, vs .64, 95% CI .57-.71) and specificity (100%, 95% CI 100-100, vs 90%, 95% CI 90-90) compared to each metric of the best models from recent studies. The sensitivity of this model was not inferior (95%, 95% CI 91-100, vs 100%, 95% CI 92-100). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was also competitive (0.970, 95% CI 0.966-0.974, vs 0.987, 95% CI 0.980-0.994). Features in the best model were maternal weight, BMI, pulsatility index of the UtA, sFlt-1, and PlGF. The most important feature was the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio. This model used an M5P algorithm consisting of a decision tree and four linear models with different thresholds. Our study was also better than the best ones among recent studies in terms of the class balance and the size of the case class (66/95, 69%, vs 27/239, 11.3%).ConclusionsOur model had a robust predictive performance. It was also developed to deal with the problem of a class imbalance. In the context of clinical management, this model may improve maternal mortality and neonatal morbidity and reduce health care costs.

Compression versus traditional machine learning classifiers to detect code-switching in varieties and dialects: Arabic as a case study

AbstractThe occurrence of code-switching in online communication, when a writer switches among multiple languages, presents a challenge for natural language processing tools, since they are designed for texts written in a single language. To answer the challenge, this paper presents detailed research on ways to detect code-switching in Arabic text automatically. We compare the prediction by partial matching (PPM) compression-based classifier, implemented in Tawa, and a traditional machine learning classifier sequential minimal optimization (SMO), implemented in Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis, working specifically on Arabic text taken from Facebook. Three experiments were conducted in order to: (1) detect code-switching among the Egyptian dialect and English; (2) detect code-switching among the Egyptian dialect, the Saudi dialect, and English; and (3) detect code-switching among the Egyptian dialect, the Saudi dialect, Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), and English. Our experiments showed that PPM achieved a higher accuracy rate than SMO with 99.8% versus 97.5% in the first experiment and 97.8% versus 80.7% in the second. In the third experiment, PPM achieved a lower accuracy rate than SMO with 53.2% versus 60.2%. Code-switching between Egyptian Arabic and English text is easiest to detect because Arabic and English are generally written in different character sets. It is more difficult to distinguish between Arabic dialects and MSA as these use the same character set, and most users of Arabic, especially Saudis and Egyptians, frequently mix MSA with their dialects. We also note that the MSA corpus used for training the MSA model may not represent MSA Facebook text well, being built from news websites. This paper also describes in detail the new Arabic corpora created for this research and our experiments.

Classifying changes in LN-18 glial cell morphology: a supervised machine learning approach to analyzing cell microscopy data via FIJI and WEKA

In cell-based research, the process of visually monitoring cells generates large image datasets that need to be evaluated for quantifiable information in order to track the effectiveness of treatments in vitro. With the traditional, end-point assay-based approach being error-prone, and existing computational approaches being complex, we tested existing machine learning frameworks to find methods that are relatively simple, yet powerful enough to accomplish the goal of analyzing cell microscopy data. This paper details the machine learning pipeline for pixel-based classification and object-based classification. Furthermore, it compares the performances of three classifiers. The classifiers evaluated were the fast-random forest (RF), the sequential minimal optimization (SMO), and the Bayesian network (BN). Images were first preprocessed using smoothing and contrast methods found in FIJI. For pixel-based classification, the preprocessed images were fed into the Trainable Waikato Segmentation (TWS). For object-based classification, training and classification were conducted within the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) interface. All classifiers' performance was evaluated using the WEKA experimental explorer. In terms of performance, the BN had the lowest classification accuracy for both the pixel-based and object-based model. The object-based SMO classifier had the best performance with the lowest mean absolute error of 0.05. The TWS and WEKA interface allows users to easily create and train classifiers for image analysis. However, for analyzing large image datasets, they are not ideal. Grapical abstract.

Classification of the temperature-dependent gain of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier by using data mining methods

In this study, the experimental results of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) system designed and experimentally installed in the C-band were classified by using data mining methods. The non-linearity of the EDFA gain with temperature is a problem for EDFA designers. For this reason, the wavelength range to be used in the design, the temperature values and change in the input power values of signals coming to the design are not linear with respect to the output power. Data mining method based on different models are proposed to solve this problem. The data set used contains four variables: temperature, wavelength, input power, and output power. The success results of at WEKA software (Waikato environment for knowledge analysis) were compared with 6 different algorithms. As a result of the analysis made, the C4.5 algorithm, which is the decision tree classification technique, obtained 98.4 % close results in experimental results. When the results are evaluated, data mining algorithms can be constructed and validated using larger data sets. This will help the fiber optic data to be quickly understood and easy to design for optical designers in practical applications.

The Application of Data Mining by using K Means Clustering Method in Determining New Students’ Admission Promotion Strategy

This study aims to determine the promotion strategy on the admission of new students at the university. Universities need appropriate promotion strategies to increase the number of new students enrolled in subsequent years and to fulfill the equal distribution of new students in each region and study programs at the University. Classification of new student data reception at the Indo Global Mandiri University (IGM University) in 2018/2019 uses the CRISP-DM data mining application (the Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining) using the K-Means grouping method. Research data using primary and secondary data. The population and sample of the study were 1011 students using 4 (four) attributes in this study, namely the name of the student, the area of origin, the study program, and the promotion strategy (direct visit, word of mouth, media, brochures, and coming directly). This test is carried out with the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) 3.8 tool. The results of this study indicate that the direct visit strategy is the most appropriate in the admission of new students at IGM University, amounting to 492 students with 26%, with this strategy being able to absorb many new student candidates from various regions including Palembang, Regency / City, and regions in outside South Sumatra, there is also equality in various study programs at IGM University. Word of mouth promotion strategies and media are optimized to be included in the promotion team in determining the promotion strategies in the following year to increase the number of new student admissions.

Spherical Classification of Data, a New Rule-Based Learning Method

This paper presents a new rule-based classification method that partitions data under analysis into spherical patterns. The forte of the method is twofold. One, it exploits the efficiency of distance metric-based clustering to fast collect similar data into spherical patterns. The other, spherical patterns are each a trait shared among one type of data only, hence are built for classification of new data. Numerical studies with public machine learning datasets from Lichman (2013), in comparison with well-established classification methods from Boros et al. (IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 12, 292–306, 2000) and Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis ( http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka/ ), demonstrate the aforementioned utilities of the new method well.

A Comparative Analysis of Data Mining Techniques on Breast Cancer Diagnosis Data using WEKA Toolbox

Breast cancer is considered the second most common cancer in women compared to all other cancers. It is fatal in less than half of all cases and is the main cause of mortality in women. It accounts for 16% of all cancer mortalities worldwide. Early diagnosis of breast cancer increases the chance of recovery. Data mining techniques can be utilized in the early diagnosis of breast cancer. In this paper, an academic experimental breast cancer dataset is used to perform a data mining practical experiment using the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) tool. The WEKA Java application represents a rich resource for conducting performance metrics during the execution of experiments. Pre-processing and feature extraction are used to optimize the data. The classification process used in this study was summarized through thirteen experiments. Additionally, 10 experiments using various different classification algorithms were conducted. The introduced algorithms were: Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, Lazy IBK (Instance-Bases learning with parameter K), Lazy Kstar, Lazy Locally Weighted Learner, Rules ZeroR, Decision Stump, Decision Trees J48, Random Forest and Random Trees. The process of producing a predictive model was automated with the use of classification accuracy. Further, several experiments on classification of Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer and Wisconsin Breast Cancer, were conducted to compare the success rates of the different methods. Results conclude that Lazy IBK classifier k-NN can achieve 98% accuracy among other classifiers. The main advantages of the study were the compactness of using 13 different data mining models and 10 different performance measurements, and plotting figures of classifications errors.

A Model for Prediction of Kidney Cancer Using Data Analytics Technique

Across the globe, kidney cancer and other cancerous diseases has been a threat to human lives. The incidence and mortality rate represent a significant and growing threat to both developed and developing countries especially in Africa, where most cancers are diagnosed at an advanced stage. This typically contributes to its complications and high rate of mortality, and has been attributed to limited awareness of early signs and symptoms of the disease, lack of detective mechanism and inaccessible cancer care in our health care centres. To preclude the harm and mortality caused by the disease, an intelligent mechanism for early prediction and prognosis of the syndrome is vital. However, early detection and prognosis requires an accurate information and analytic procedure that will assist and equip the health-care providers/public with the skills to identify early the indicators of the disease. Efforts in this work, produced a model for early prediction of kidney cancer using data analytic approach. Dataset and reports pertaining to the disease were acquired from selected private and public hospitals in fifty-two (52) selected LGA in Nigeria. A two-layered classifier system consisting of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Decision Tree (DT) designed for the work was successfully employed in the model building. Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) platform was used for the experiment. The performance of the classifiers considered was compared using standard metrics of accuracy and time taken as benchmark. Experimental results show that the J48 decision tree algorithm outperform all other algorithms in the classifier family with correctly classified instances of 74.7%, F-Measure of 0.614, TP rate of 0.747, FP rate of 0.135, precision and recall of 0.687 and 0.714 respectively. It took the algorithm, 0.03 seconds to build the model. The performance of this algorithm proved its suitability as a valuable tool for the research purpose. The model will in no small measure support the efforts of the national health scheme in preventing the disease mortality rate.

Diagnosis of Headaches Types Using Artificial Neural Networks and Bayesian Networks

The aim of this paper is to classify several types of headaches from patients, using different data analysis methods, with the application of two classifying algorithms, comparatively: Bayesian Networks (BN) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The data was collected through a data survey process applied to 2,177 patients with headache diagnosis in Neurological Clinic of municipality of Joinville/SC, Brazil, from January 2010 to November 2014. It was constructed eight different Test Models, varying: the attributes codification (codification A and B); the network output (one and five) and the classifier algorithms (BN and ANN). It is presented the accuracy results obtained from the eight Test Models, using the software WEKA® (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis). The results presented a good accuracy in all tests realized and they suggest that BNs give better accuracy when comparing to ANNs for this problem.

Comparative Analytics of Classifiers on Resampled Datasets for Pregnancy Outcome Prediction

The main challenges of predictive analytics revolve around the handling of datasets, especially the disproportionate distribution of instances among classes in addition to classifier-suitability issues. This unequal spread causes imbalance learning and severely obstructs prediction accuracy. In this paper, the performances of six classifiers and the effect of data balancing (DB) and formation approaches for predicting pregnancy outcome (PO) were investigated. Synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE), resampling with and without replacement, were adopted for data imbalance treatment. Six classifiers including random forest (RF) were evaluated on each resampled dataset with four test modes using Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis and R programming libraries. The results of analysis of variance performed separately using F-measure and root mean squared error showed that mean performance of classifiers across the datasets varied significantly (F=117.9; p=0.00) at 95% confidence interval, while turkey multi-comparison test revealed RF(mean=0.78) and SMOTE (mean=0.73) as having significantly different means. The RF model on SMOTE produced each PO class accuracy ≥0.89, area under the curve ≥ 0.96 and coverage of 97.8% and was adjudged the best classifier-DB method pair. However, there was no significant difference (F=0.07, 0.01; p=1.000) in the mean performances of classifiers across test data modes respectively. It reveals that train/test data modes insignificantly affect classification accuracy, although there are noticeable variations in computational cost. The methodology significantly enhance the predictive accuracy of minority classes and confirms the importance of data-imbalance treatment, and the suitability of RF for PO classification.

CYBER SECURITY FRAMEWORK FOR NIGERIAN CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY, HEADQUARTERS

The practice of defending assets from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, perusal, inspection, recording or destruction is as ancient as man’s existence on earth. Cybersecurity, information security, and computer security arefurther attempts of man to continue the same ancient practice. This is due to the unavoidably prevalent need and use of information and communication technologies in this century, which has left the man with such vulnerability and insecuritythrough its devices and infrastructures. The aviation industry, being one of the most economic and leisure viable industry in theworld has been at the top-notch of the use of these technologies for better services to man. Nigeria Aviation industry is one of thelargest and most viable in Africa is opened to the vulnerabilities and cyber threats that comes with these advanced technologies.However, several methods and programs have been employed by various organizations and stakeholders, but, the Nigerian CivilAviation Authority (NCAA), been the apex governing body that control, monitor and regulate the economic and safety oversight ofthe entire Aviation industry in Nigeria seems not to have gotten it right with the recent trends of cyber warfare in the industry asopposed to their counterparts in the world over. Therefore, this research study attempts to employ data from existing literatureand questionnaires to analyze the existing practices of cyber/information security programs (if any) within the NCAA and todesign an adaptable cybersecurity framework that is robust enough for its safety. By using version 3.9.3 of Waikato Environmentfor Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) software, Naive Bayes, Bayes Net, Decision Table, IBK (Linear NNSearch), REP Tree, J48, SMO, Simple Logistic, and Bagging are the nine algorithms employed to determine and predict tier classes as existing profile and target profile respectively for NCAA within the framework. SMO emerge best fit to predict the target profile while the Bagging algorithm emerges best fit to determine the current profile. Gaps and implementable action plans were deduced. Thereafter, the RNA Cyber Security Framework (RNA-CSF) is conceptually developed, analyzed and proposed for NCAA and for any other organization that has the need to use it.

Usage Analysis of Smartphone with Hierarchical Clustering

Functional and Non Functional attributes are the important factors of the Smartphone. This paper deals with how to group the characteristics of mobile phone using the clustering algorithms and then obtained the results after classify the related algorithms. Classify all the functional and non-functional attributes of the smartphone using the latest data mining algorithms using WEKA (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis) open-source software to analyze data.

Implementation of the K-Means Clustering Method in Data Grouping Sales In Asia Africa Dentures Dental

Data mining can be applied to explore the added value of a set of data in the form of knowledge that had been unknown to them manually. There are several techniques used dala mining eyes, one satuteknik data mining is clustering. Clustering can be used for grouping to something. As can group sales data that is most desirable, and others. Examples of companies engaged in the sale is a dental african Asia. Asia Africa Dental is one area of business engaged in the sale of false teeth. Asia Africa Dental these every day to meet the needs of consumers. But Asia Africa Dental lacking in reviewing products sold. What products are needed consumer and data storage is less effective. Thus the need for a system that can support the company in taking decisions quickly and precisely. So in this study, the authors used the application of K-Means Clustering method. To facilitate the author in analyzing the K-Means Clustering The author using the application Weka (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis) .. The result of the calculation Weka (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis) is inserted into the Visual Basic .Net.

Predicción de accidentes viales en Cartagena, Colombia, con árboles de decisión y reglas de asociación

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es predecir los factores asociados con la severidad en los accidentes viales de Cartagena (Colombia), la metodología está basada en técnicas de minería de datos como arboles de decisión (J48) y reglas de asociación (soporte, confianza, Lift). La investigación fue desarrollada con 10.053 registros de accidentes de tráfico entre 2016 y 2017, por medio del uso del Software WEKA (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis). En el análisis, la severidad fue definida de bajo riesgo (daños materiales), y alto riesgo (víctimas heridas y fatales), y su validación consideró la técnica transversal 10fold. Entre los resultados más significativos, se evidenció que los motociclistas y ciclistas son los actores viales más vulnerables, además los moto–usuarios entre los 20–39 años son propensos a accidentes viales con alta severidad. Finalmente, los factores de accidentalidad vial identificados ayudan a promover contramedidas para mejorar la seguridad vial de la ciudad.

Predicting skilled delivery service use in Ethiopia: dual application of logistic regression and machine learning algorithms

BackgroundSkilled assistance during childbirth is essential to reduce maternal deaths. However, in Ethiopia, which is among the six countries contributing to more than half of the global maternal deaths, the coverage of births attended by skilled health personnel remains very low. The aim of this study was to identify determinants and develop a predictive model for skilled delivery service use in Ethiopia by applying logistic regression and machine-learning techniques.MethodsData from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) was used for this study. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) tools were used for logistic regression and model building respectively. Classification algorithms namely J48, Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were used for model development. The validation of the predictive models was assessed using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve.ResultsOnly 27.7% women received skilled delivery assistance in Ethiopia. First antenatal care (ANC) [AOR = 1.83, 95% CI (1.24–2.69)], birth order [AOR = 0.22, 95% CI (0.11–0.46)], television ownership [AOR = 6.83, 95% CI (2.52–18.52)], contraceptive use [AOR = 1.92, 95% CI (1.26–2.97)], cost needed for healthcare [AOR = 2.17, 95% CI (1.47–3.21)], age at first birth [AOR = 1.96, 95% CI (1.31–2.94)], and age at first sex [AOR = 2.72, 95% CI (1.55–4.76)] were determinants for utilizing skilled delivery services during the childbirth. Predictive models were developed and the J48 model had superior predictive accuracy (98%), sensitivity (96%), specificity (99%) and, the area under ROC (98%).ConclusionsFirst ANC and contraceptive uses were among the determinants of utilization of skilled delivery services. A predictive model was developed to forecast the likelihood of a pregnant woman seeking skilled delivery assistance; therefore, the predictive model can help to decide targeted interventions for a pregnant woman to ensure skilled assistance at childbirth. The model developed through the J48 algorithm has better predictive accuracy. Web-based application can be build based on results of this study.

Machine Learning Approaches to Develop Pedotransfer Functions for Tropical Sri Lankan Soils

Poor data availability on soil hydraulic properties in tropical regions hampers many studies, including crop and environmental modeling. The high cost and effort of measurement and the increasing demand for such data have driven researchers to search for alternative approaches. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are predictive functions used to estimate soil properties by easily measurable soil parameters. PTFs are popular in temperate regions, but few attempts have been made to develop PTFs in tropical regions. Regression approaches are widely used to develop PTFs worldwide, and recently a few attempts were made using machine learning methods. PTFs for tropical Sri Lankan soils have already been developed using classical multiple linear regression approaches. However, no attempts were made to use machine learning approaches. This study aimed to determine the applicability of machine learning algorithms in developing PTFs for tropical Sri Lankan soils. We tested three machine learning algorithms (artificial neural networks (ANN), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and random forest (RF)) with three different input combination (sand, silt, and clay (SSC) percentages; SSC and bulk density (BD); SSC, BD, and organic carbon (OC)) to estimate volumetric water content (VWC) at −10 kPa, −33 kPa (representing field capacity (FC); however, most studies in Sri Lanka use −33 kPa as the FC) and −1500 kPa (representing the permanent wilting point (PWP)) of Sri Lankan soils. This analysis used the open-source data mining software in the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis. Using a wrapper approach and best-first search method, we selected the most appropriate inputs to develop PTFs using different machine learning algorithms and input levels. We developed PTFs to estimate FC and PWP and compared them with the previously reported PTFs for tropical Sri Lankan soils. We found that RF was the best algorithm to develop PTFs for tropical Sri Lankan soils. We tried to further the development of PTFs by adding volumetric water content at −10 kPa as an input variable because it is quite an easily measurable parameter compared to the other targeted VWCs. With the addition of VWC at −10 kPa, all machine learning algorithms boosted the performance. However, RF was the best. We studied the functionality of finetuned PTFs and found that they can estimate the available water content of Sri Lankan soils as well as measurements-based calculations. We identified RF as a robust alternative to linear regression methods in developing PTFs to estimate field capacity and the permanent wilting point of tropical Sri Lankan soils. With those findings, we recommended that PTFs be developed using the RF algorithm in the related software to make up for the data gaps present in tropical regions.

CLASSIFICATION OF SOFTWARE CONTROL ARCHITECTURES FOR A POWERED PROSTHESIS THROUGH CONVENTIONAL GAIT ANALYSIS USING MACHINE LEARNING APPLICATIONS

The powered prosthesis for people with transtibial amputation offers the opportunity to more appropriately restore gait functionality with benefits, such as powered plantar flexion. In particular, various software control architectures provide unique capabilities for regulating the powered prosthesis during gait. One highly novel approach applies the winding filament hypothesis, which enables an advanced modeling of muscle characteristics, such as through introducing the attributes of titin into the muscle model. The objective of the research is to contrast the conventional control architecture of the BiOM-powered prosthesis compared with the winding filament hypothesis control architecture through machine learning classification. Four machine learning algorithms are applied through the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA): J48 decision tree, [Formula: see text]-nearest neighbors, logistic regression, and the support vector machine. The feature set is derived from the force signal acquired from a force plate, which is a conventional gait analysis system. The feature set applied five attributes representing temporal and kinetic aspects of the stance phase of gait. The [Formula: see text]-nearest neighbors algorithm achieves the best machine learning classification accuracy of 95%. The preliminary research establishes the foundation for more sophisticated endeavors respective of the powered prosthesis, such as determining the appropriateness of modifying the software control architecture to best accommodate the progressive lifestyle evolutions and adaptations of the person with amputation.

Student Learning Prediction Using Machine Learning Techniques

Now a day’s e-learning is smartly growing technology. This technology is more helpful for students to communicate with their professors through chats or emails. E-Learning also removes the obstacle of physical presence of an E-learner. The main aim of this paper is to predict student performance in their final exams using different machine learning techniques. Information like attendance, marks, assignments, class participation, seminar, CA, projects and semester are collected to predict student performance. This prediction helps the instructors to analyze their students based on their performance. For that we have used WEKA tool for the prediction of the student performance. WEKA (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis) is one of the data mining too which is used for the classification and clustering using data mining algorithms. This prediction helps the students and the staffs to know how much effort their students need to be put in their final exams to get good marks.

Automatic Machine-Learning-Based Outcome Prediction in Patients With Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background: A predictive model can provide physicians, relatives, and patients the accurate information regarding the severity of disease and its predicted outcome. In this study, we used an automated machine-learning-based approach to construct a prognostic model to predict the functional outcome in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).Methods: We retrospectively collected data on demographic characteristics, laboratory studies and imaging findings of 333 patients with primary ICH. The functional outcomes at the 1st and 6th months after ICH were defined by the modified Rankin scale. All of the attributes were used for preprocessing and for automatic model selection with Automatic Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis. Confusion matrix and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were used to test the predictive performance.Results: Among the models tested, the random forest provided the best predictive performance for functional outcome. The overall accuracy for predicting the 1st month outcome was 83.1%, with 77.4% sensitivity and 86.9% specificity, and the AUC was 0.899. The overall accuracy for predicting the 6th month outcome was 83.9%, with 72.5% sensitivity and 90.6% specificity, and the AUC was 0.917.Conclusions: Using an automatic machine learning technique to predict functional outcome after ICH is feasible, and the random forest model provides the best predictive performance across all tested models. This prediction model may provide information regarding functional outcome for clinicians that will help provide appropriate medical care for patients and information for their caregivers.