Wage Regulation Research Articles

ADVERSE SELECTION, LEARNING, AND COMPETITIVE SEARCH

AbstractI develop a model that allows for an analysis of the effects of time on adverse selection in the presence of search frictions. I find that, as a firm takes longer to adjust a worker's contract in response to learning about his type, inefficient overwork during the time before wage adjustment (probation) decreases. This provides a rationale for an optimal (minimum) probation period of about one month in the baseline scenario. Optimal probation duration varies with the degree of search frictions, the cost of effort, the relative productivity of different types of workers, and minimum wage regulations.

The Study of Australian Jazz and the Issue of Methodological Nationalism

The Study of Australian Jazz and the Issue of Methodological Nationalism

Collective Bargaining and Payment regulation at the Regional Level: Assessment and Prospects (on the Example of Ukraine)R

In the conditions of constant challenges and threats in the realization of citizens' right to work, collective bargaining becomes almost the only effective tool that allows to reconcile the interests of different actors and consolidate their joint efforts. The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of the level of development of collective bargaining in different regions of Ukraine and identify challenges and prospects for the development of this institute. The authors proposed a methodology that allows quantitative and qualitative assessment of collective bargaining regulation of wages based on a number of indicators and a comparative analysis of its level of development in different regions. The evaluation confirmed the hypothesis of low activity of social partners and inability to act mobile in the new socio-economic ecosystem. The results showed the underdevelopment of wage regulation through collective bargaining in all regions, which increased distrust in the institution of social partnership and showed the inability of partners to create conditions for decent work. Indicators of the effectiveness of collective bargaining and agreements typical of countries with economies in transition (Ukraine), and the root causes of low quality social dialogue at the regional level are highlighted. Challenges inherent not only in Ukraine but also in most European countries allowed the authors to identify areas for improving collective bargaining, which include expanding the social partners, adapting the content of agreements to the strategic goals of the region and its sustainable development. The identified general trends conditioned upon the challenges of the digital economy and the new economic ecosystem have highlighted the need to rethink the role and content of collective bargaining. The practical value of the study lies in the possibility of applying the developed methodology by social partners, local administrations, local communities to assess social dialogue at the regional level, study and disseminate best practices of wage policy on the basis of social partnership

FORMATION AND REGULATION OF THE MINIMUM WAGE FEATURES IN GEORGIA

In the interests of economic development and economic efficiency, in the current global crisis, priority is given to the development of human capital, increase the competitiveness of the workforce, creating fundamentally new mechanisms to stimulate labour, this, in turn, ensures an increase in labour productivity, its quality and efficiency. The successful solution of this problem requires the improvement of the organization of wages and its optimal state regulation. In the conditions of the current global crisis, role of the state in the field of wage regulation is more social in nature and its main function is to ensure a minimum level of income for the population. This last one, should be carried out by establishing a real subsistence minimum, a minimum wage and establishing an optimal ratio between them. In developed countries, the minimum wage is regulated on the basis of economic development, labour productivity, the level of average wages and the real value of the minimum consumer budget. The specific amount of the minimum wage is set at the national level by the legislature of the country, and its size in a particular area or region is determined by agreements concluded between trade unions and representatives of trade unions. In determining it, the following shall be taken into account: the needs of workers and their family members; the overall level of wages in the country; the value of life and its change; factors of economic development; level of labour productivity and opportunities to achieve and maintain a high level of employment. The purpose of establishing a minimum wage is to provide social protection for employees. Indeed, "The minimum wage has historically been a social protection mechanism which should protect low-wage workers and their families from poverty" (Khelaia, 2020,2). This problem is especially relevant for our country, because to date, there is no comprehensive mechanism for state regulation of the minimum wage and its defining Legislative Framework. In a scientific article is presented the formation of the minimum wage and its peculiarities of regulation, analysis of the related legal framework from the Soviet period to the present day in Georgia. Is established the basic principles, goals and objectives of minimum wage formation. Particular attention is paid to the assessment of the pros and cons of the legally established minimum wage. The final section presents the main directions for calculating the minimum wage and improving its state regulation in Georgia.

The power of the economic outlook: An ideational explanation of the distinct pattern of Finnish wage setting within the Nordic context

Industrial relations scholars are paying increasing attention to the role of ideas in explaining shifts in bargaining systems and wage policies. This article contributes to this growing body of literature by conducting a meso-level analysis of the uses and impacts of ideas in wage regulation policy processes in coordinated market economies. Through our in-depth case study of the Finnish policy process leading to the Competitiveness Pact of 2016, we argue that certain ideas – which we call the ‘economic outlook’ – prescribed and legitimized exhausting institutional resources in wage regulation and enabled temporary consensus among divergent interests regarding wage policy. The economic outlook linked and enabled compromises between wage policy and wage regulation interests and effectively solidified a commitment to an uncertain policy process. The case study suggests that an ideational analysis of policy processes can offer explanations for shifts in wage policy and regulation that deviate from macro-level regime shifts. While all Nordic countries have faced similar economic and institutional reform pressures, Finland’s readoption of centralized bargaining shows that national policy ideas can drive distinct industrial relations patterns within the Nordic context.

ECONOMIC ESSENCE, FORMS AND TYPES OF PAYMENTS FOR EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

The article reveals the economic essence and importance of wages as a component of current payments to employees and studies the methodology and organization of accounting and taxation of remuneration. The problems of organization and methods of payroll accounting are determined. These are the main shortcomings in the field of taxation, as well as the problems of using the tariff system as the basis for accounting and documenting payments for remuneration with personnel. Methodology. The normative and legislative regulation of accounting and documentation of payments for remuneration is analyzed. The requirements for the formation of the organization of remuneration accounting, which determine the tasks, the system of indicators, documentation and the system of accounts on which the relevant information is accumulated, are presented. Results. It is concluded that the improvement of labor accounting and its remuneration at enterprises should be based on the optimization of tariff regulation of wages, namely: improvement of the tariff system by establishing ratios of tariff rates depending on the level of qualification of the worker; introduction of flexible forms and systems of remuneration, including contract and tariff-free; collective regulation of wages. The main ways to improve the display of wage accounting are proposed. Practical implications. The organization of document circulation on employee payments is investigated, the methodology of synthetic and analytical accounting of payments to employees for worked and unworked time is determined. The methodology of conducting audit procedures for payments to employees is considered, the effectiveness of employee benefits is evaluated. Value/originality. The scientific novelty of the work consists in summarizing theoretical and practical material on the methodology, economic essence, forms and types of payments for employee benefits. The theoretical essence of calculations on remuneration of the enterprise is determined, the regulatory and legal regulation of payments to employees in Ukraine is investigated, the tasks of accounting, auditing and analysis of employee benefits are considered.

Domestic Workers, the ‘Family Worker’ Exemption from Minimum Wage, and Gendered Devaluation of Women’s Work

Abstract Domestic workers, who work in private households carrying out tasks such as cooking, cleaning, and care for children and the elderly, are overwhelmingly women and often from migrant and/ or ethnic minority backgrounds. This article examines a stark example of domestic workers’ exclusion from labour law protection, regulation 57(3) of the National Minimum Wage Regulations, which exempts employers from paying the minimum wage where a worker lives in their employer’s family home and is treated ‘as a member of the family’ in relation to accommodation, meals, tasks and leisure activities. Drawing on feminist theory on the divisions between ‘productive’ work outside the home versus ‘reproductive’ work within it, it argues that the exemption’s application has reflected gendered devaluation of domestic labour, stemming from its conflation with work normally performed for free by women in the ‘private sphere’ of the home. Focusing on the December 2020 Employment Tribunal (ET) judgment in Puthenveettil v Alexander & ors, which held that the exemption was unlawful and indirectly discriminatory on the grounds of sex, the article provides timely and in-depth analysis of the prospects for challenging the devaluation of domestic work in light of the limitations of legal protections for domestic workers in the UK.

АКТУАЛІЗАЦІЯ ПИТАНЬ ОПЛАТИ ПРАЦІ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ В УКРАЇНІ

The article reveals the features of actualization of issues of wages at enterprises in Ukraine. It is stated that: the salary is a remuneration, which is usually calculated in cash equivalent, and which, according to the employment contract, the employer must pay the employee for the work he performed; salary consists of basic salary, additional salary, other incentive and compensation payments. It was found that the key functions that wages perform are the reproductive function, the stimulating function, the social function and the accounting and production function. It has been proved that it is advisable to consider the payroll fund in many aspects, for example, as an integral part of the expenses of enterprises, as a tool for managing the personnel of enterprises, as a motivational tool used to guide the plan of activities of enterprises, as a tool for generating supply and demand in the labor market. It is determined that the specifics of the organization of remuneration at the enterprise is aimed at strict observance of the terms of payment of wages, provided for by the provisions of the Collective Agreement, in accordance with the current legislation of Ukraine. It is noted that the prospects for further research in this direction are to study of the features and improvement of the mechanism of legal regulation of wages in Ukraine.

Transformation of the principles of the legal regulation of the wage in modern conditions

Problem setting. The article emphasizes that the main ideas and principles play a special role in revealing the essence of the legal regulation of wages. Target of research is to study of the principles of legal regulation of wages, development and formulation of theoretical conclusions and scientifically sound proposals aimed at improving existing legislation in this area. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The study of the principles of organization of remuneration in the scientific and legal literature paid attention to such scientists as: N. Hetmantseva, S. Karinsky, G. Kaplina, R. Livshits, S. Lukash, O. Protsevsky, O. Gaeva, J. Simutina and others. Without diminishing the role and importance of the scientific achievements of these scientists, we note that this problem remains controversial today. In accordance with the general theoretical classification of principles, we will consider the views of individual lawyers on the principles of remuneration and try to formulate the normatively unconstitutional institutional principles of the latter, taking into account the problems of legal regulation of wages. Article’s main body. The definition of the term “principles of the legal regulation of wages” is formulated as guiding ideas, fundamental principles enshrined in legal norms that determine the content of legal regulation of wages at the state tution of remuneration in Ukraine necessitates an objective need to rethink the essence of the principles which are underlying it and which one are characterized by objective conditionality, regulation, imperative, coherence, systemic, universal, general significance and the certainty of the subject of legal regulation. It is noted that the legal principles of remuneration of labor which one correspond to modern market conditions, should embody the ideas that determine the nature and direction of legal regulation of remuneration and should be enshrined in law, ie should be expressed in law. Close attention is paid to the principle of unity and differentiation, which is one of the basic principles in labor law and permeates the entire system of labor law. Differentiation contributes to the unity of legal regulation of wages and unity creates the conditions for its differentiation in this area. It is substantiated that the main purpose of the principle of unity and differentiation, on the one side, is to clearly define uniform, equal working conditions for all employees, and, on the other side, to establish differentiation of working conditions for certain categories of employees in certain circumstances. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The conclusion is made about the need for normative consolidation of such institutional principles of remuneration as: a) guaranteeing employees timely and full payment of wages which ensures a sufficient standard of living for them and their families; b) ensuring proper receipt of wages; c) guaranteed material incentives for quality and conscientious work; d) unity and differentiation in wages.

The Institutional Factors Affecting the Growth of Korean Migrant Care Market and Sustainability in Long-Term Care Quality

Due to an increase in the ageing population, the migrant care market now includes new home-based long-term care (LTC) under the national long-term care insurance. This study underlines a perspective of the Korean migrant care market in terms of long-term care quality in South Korea. Thus, the study explored the institutional factors that restrict and promote the migrant care workers (MCWs). Two migrant workers groups were analysed: migrant care workers in home-based long-term care versus nursing hospitals. Designed as an in-depth policy-oriented content analysis, this study used three types of data including interviews with eight participants (MCWs, the nursing hospital manager, and the LTC home manager), organisational documents (employment eligibility criteria), and institutional texts (law, administration rules, etc.). Our results indicate that the factors hindering employment of MCWs in home-based LTC were visa status, qualification requirements (the National Qualified License), wage regulation policies, and social security obligations. A promoting factor was jobs that hired on an on-call basis. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the growth of the migration care market and sustainability in LTC quality depend on the policy directions of the Korean long-term care insurance.

Do legal standards affect ethical concerns of consumers?

We study ethical concerns of consumers in experimental markets. Consumers have monopsony power, firms set prices and wages, and workers are passive recipients of a wage payment who can be protected by a minimum wage regulation. We find that the majority of consumers occasionally deviate from their self-interest and that markets with such consumers exhibit substantially higher wages. Consumers implement fair allocations using two distinct strategies: they split their demand between firms, or they buy all units from the firm with the higher price and higher wage. The two strategies can be captured by maximin preferences and indirect reciprocity in Charness and Rabin’s (2002) reciprocal fairness model. A minimum wage raises average wages although it weakens consumers’ fairness concerns.

Between Equal Pay and Protection of the Family. The Representation of Women in Parliamentary Debates on Wage Regulation in Uruguay (1912-1947)

Between Equal Pay and Protection of the Family. The Representation of Women in Parliamentary Debates on Wage Regulation in Uruguay (1912-1947)

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ТРУДОВЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ НА МАЛЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ

The problem of social and labor relations in small businesses is relevant due to many circumstances: the priority of small business development is associated with its significant impact on employment, improvement of the socio-economic situation, reduction of tension in the labor market by creating additional jobs. In addition, small businesses should become a reliable taxable base for budgets of all levels. The object of the study is a social partnership as a mechanism for coordinating the interests of employees and employers in small businesses. The subject of the research is the regulation and improvement of social and labor relations within the framework of social partnership in small enterprises. The aim of the article is to improve social and labor relations in small enterprises based on the development of the social partnership. Methods of statistical analysis, data from a questionnaire survey of various categories of small business workers, analysis of materials provided by the FNPR, regions of the Russian Federation, the Russian Professional Union of Employees of Innovative and Small Enterprises, Internet sources served as the methodological basis for the study. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of the provisions of the social partnership system in the field of regulation of social and labor relations in small enterprises, proposals for the development of small business, proposals for building a mechanism for protecting the interests of SE employees. Based on the results of the study, in order to strengthen guarantees in the field of labor, recommendations were formulated and substantiated for concluding regional agreements at the level of Russian regions that apply to small enterprises and provide for the creation of appropriate associations of employers. They can be used to improve social partnership in the field of regulation of social and labor relations in the activities of small enterprises, as well as find application as aids in the educational process. The materials obtained during the study can be used by state bodies, the government, employers and trade unions to solve the country's economic, social and labor problems. The author concludes that it is necessary to establish guarantees in the system of social partnership in terms of indicators related to the regulation and protection of wages, ensuring stable employment and comfortable working conditions, and continuous training of personnel. In order to increase the employer's interest in creating proper working conditions at small businesses, it is proposed that the authorities, as one of the parties to social partnership, develop a system of measures, including government orders, grants, training, and state assistance in labor protection to cover expenses.

INCOME AS ONE OF THE WELL-BEING FACTORS OF THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE: CURRENT STATE

INCOME AS ONE OF THE WELL-BEING FACTORS OF THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE: CURRENT STATE

Problems of accounting for work payment calculations during the period of martial status and ways of improvement

The article carries out a comprehensive study of the problems of labor and its payment under martial law. There is a well-known multi-level regulatory regulation of wages. Job loss due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The standard definition of the concept of "salary" and its content are analyzed. It was established that "salary" is not defined by law. The current state of payroll accounting and its reflection in the accounting policy is analyzed. As a result of the study of activities during the martial law period, the most controversial issues of receiving funds from employers, the largest employees and the state, which is becoming more widespread, have been clarified. Changes to the current legislation and new methods of regulating labor relations related to martial law are evaluated. The basics of accounting and taxation of wages in the conditions of martial law and ways to solve them are given. It is proposed to make changes at the legislative level of a part of the state in the specifics at the initiative of the employer in the conditions of martial law of termination of the employment contract. It was noted the need for the employer to use all possible measures to ensure the realization of the rights of employees to receive current wages during wartime. The importance of accounting and taxation of wages in the conditions of martial law is determined. This stipulates that the employer is obliged to pay wages under the specified conditions defined by the employment contract and in accordance with current legislation. Each payment must be accompanied by a transfer of personal income tax, military duty and a single social contribution. In case of impossibility of payment of wages due to hostilities, payment may be suspended only until the moment when the enterprise can use its main activity. The results presented in the article have a practical orientation, so subjects of entrepreneurial activity can be used to solve problems related to payment of labor. martial law, wages, taxation, legislation, accounting of payments.

Նվազագույն աշխատավարձի սահմանման հիմնախնդիրները համաշխարհային տնտեսությունում / Issues of Setting the Minimum Wage in the Global Economy

In a market economy, the setting of a minimum wage is one of the main instruments of state regulation of wages. When determining the cost of labor, this makes it possible, in accordance with the procedure established by law, to limit the possible arbitrariness of the employer. The setting of a minimum wage has very important economic consequences, they are: an effective means of eliminating the exploitation of labor, increasing the purchasing power of the population, strengthening economic stability, forming a fair wage system and overcoming unfair competition. This paper examines and presents the mechanisms for setting the minimum wage in a number of developed countries of the world, a comparative analysis with such developing and transitional countries as China, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, Georgia and Armenia. The conducted research made it possible to identify changes that have occurred in previously applied and currently used approaches to setting the minimum wage, to analyze the compliance of labor legislation requirements between the minimum wage and the living wage.

Державне регулювання оплати праці: світовий досвід, порівняння та можливості реалізації

The purpose of writing the article is to analyze the nature of the transformation of governmental regulation of wages both in the world and in Ukraine in epidemiological conditions. In the vast majority of countries, there is currently a profound transformation of governmental regulation of remuneration at the macro level. The Ukrainian labor market is also gradually adapting to changes, innovations and modern socioeconomic realities. For example, the Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Aimed at Providing Additional Social and Economic Guarantees in Connection with the Spread of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)» was adopted as a kind of reaction of the State to the need for changes in the field of remuneration. To compare the results of the State’s policy in the field of remuneration, as well as the relationship between social partners in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the average monthly wage in 2019-2021 can be used. It should be noted that not always the growth of average monthly wages indicates the economic growth of the country. The main indicator of the country’s economic development is gross domestic product (GDP). The coronavirus pandemic, quite naturally, had a negative impact on the economies of countries – in most countries there is a decrease in GDP. Ensuring growth of wages in these conditions is an indicator of strong social policy and/or social and labor relations in the field of labor remuneration. By means of social policy in the country, the State regulates the minimum wage. Most countries have increased the minimum wage to stabilize labor incomes during the pandemic. The main instrument of the State’s influence on wages in Ireland, Germany, Norway, Finland and the United States during this period is the provision of temporary subsidies for wages, which are introduced to save jobs and support the income of employees. Also, the experience of governmental regulation of wages in developed countries during the pandemic includes payment of subsidies to employers, tax crediting, and reduction of the tax rate. At the same time, the implementing of foreign practices in the field of remuneration requires taking into account Ukrainian realities.

Проблемы реализации права на вознаграждение за труд

In accordance with the right to remuneration for work, the problems of legal regulation of wages in Russia are analyzed. The relevance of the study of this problem is explained by the insufficient effectiveness of incentives that, in conditions of the spread of mainly intellectual, informational work, will encourage a certain professional group to perform its characteristic labor functions with the highest efficiency to increase public welfare. The goal of solidary participation in the fair distribution of labor results, as well as in its payment, is determined by the direction of development of the state that it elects. The highest social value in the Russian Federation is a person, his life and health, honor and dignity, inviolability and security. The so-called labor theory of value, expressed by A. Smith, developed by D. Ricardo and K. Marx, according to which the value of goods and services depends on the labor invested in them, has been studied. This idea was transformed by E. Durkheim into the characteristics of an employment contract, indicating that it is only considered concluded when the mutual services of the parties have an equivalent value. It is the employment contract, according to the authors, that acts as the main legal form of realization of the constitutional right to work and its remuneration. The state and contractual regulation of labor, the ratio of public and private methods of regulation in the field of remuneration are considered. Attention is paid to the problem of further improvement of the financial situation of the employee on the basis of social partnership. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, ILO Conventions, standards in the field of remuneration are analyzed. The authors emphasize that remuneration needs state regulatory and legal regulation, first of all, in the revision of existing standards of remuneration. The progressive experience of legal regulation of remuneration for work in national and international legislation is investigated. Modern science considers one of the determining factors of the well-being of society to be the ability of the distribution mechanism to approach the correspondence between a person's contribution to the increase of well-being and his remuneration. In order to solve the problem posed in this study, the authors propose the need for a harmonious combination of innovative reform and the introduction of elements of world models of various employee remuneration systems, which will ensure the adaptation of domestic labor legislation and the achievement of modern world standards in the legal regulation of remuneration for work.

ИНКОРПОРАЦИЯ В ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВО РФ НОРМАТИВНЫХ ПРАВОВЫХ АКТОВ СССР И РСФСР, КАСАЮЩИХСЯ РАЙОННОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ЗАРАБОТНОЙ ПЛАТЫ

The system of territorial regulation of wages, guarantees and compensations developed gradually and changed in accordance with the economic situation in the country. Regional wage regulation includes regional coefficients, bonus percentage and coefficients for work in desert, waterless and high mountain areas, which causes the authors to consider normative legal acts of the USSR and the RSFSR relating to these elements of regional wage regulation, and bring them into line with the legislation of the Russian Federation. This work has been carried out by specialists from the All-Russian Research Institute of Labor of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Russia since 2016. The article aims to identify the reasons and circumstances according to which the normative legal acts of the USSR and the RSFSR on the establishment of regional coefficients, bonus percentage and coefficients for work in desert, waterless and high-mountain areas were incorporated into the legislation of the Russian Federation, and their certain provisions were declared invalid. The methodological basis of the study is an integrated approach, a dialectical method of cognition, methods of scientific, comparative analysis, synthesis, and methods for obtaining analytical information. The object of the study is the normative legal acts of the USSR and the RSFSR, affecting the elements of regional wage regulation. The research results made it possible to establish the objective reasons on the basis of which the normative legal acts of the USSR and the RSFSR were brought into line with the current legislation of the Russian Federation or their individual provisions were declared invalid. On the basis of the work carried out by the Federal State Budgetary Institution "All-Russian Research Institute of Labor" the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of Russia canceled a number of normative legal acts of the USSR and the RSFSR.

Flexible Workers: The Politics of Homework in Postindustrial Britain

AbstractThis article opens up a new perspective on market liberalism's triumph in the late twentieth century through an examination of the political battles that were fought in Britain over the regulation of homework. Ubiquitous in the late Victorian era, this form of waged labor was curtailed by Edwardian wage regulations but resurged in the 1970s as a result of competition from low-wage economies abroad and fast-changing consumer tastes. Alongside growing use of homeworkers in consumer industries, new information technologies made it increasingly possible for some forms of professional work to move into the home. This article explores the debates that swirled around these different forms of homework, pitting antipoverty campaigners, feminists, and activists against ministers, employers, and civil servants. It shows how Conservative and New Labour governments failed to recognize the structural similarities between Victorian-style “sweated” labor and the emerging world of telework, freelancing, and self-employment, and how the intellectual excitement generated by Britain's transition toward a postindustrial future dovetailed with the New Right commitment to deregulation and the creation of “flexible” labor markets. A brief comparison with homework in the United States underlines the value of local, particular histories to our larger understanding of ideological change in modern societies.