Wages In Australia Research Articles

Occupational segregation and wages in Australia

The Australian labour market is characterised by a gender wage differential of about 13%. This paper investigates the claim that this is associated with the absence of appropriate evaluation ofthe work performed in female occupations. About 40% of the differential might be removed by the implementation of true comparable worth, a figure at the upper end of the range reported for the US labour market.

GENDER WAGE DIFFERENCES IN AUSTRALIA, SWEDEN AND THE UNITED STATES

In this paper I use microdata from the Luxembourg Income Study t s investigate the contributions of industrial structure, occupational mix and personal and family characteristics to observed gender differences in wages in Australia, Sweden and the United States. A particular effort is made to analyse differences in distribution as well as level of wages. The conclusion reached is that different factors determine the wages of low‐ and high‐wage workers. For higher‐wage workers, personal and family characteristics are important explanations for wage variation. For lower‐wage workers, occupation plays a more significant role.

The Ddeterminants of Individual Wages in Australia: Competitive and Non‐Competitive Influences

AbstractThis work provides a test of competitive theories of wage determination by examining the wages of identical workers across industry classifications. The finding that a set of significant industry wage differentials exists would seem to contradict a purely competitive theory of wage determination. However, the apparent presence of unmeasured human capital that is correlated with industry status does provide one potential competitive explanation for the industry wage effects. Moreover, non‐competitive explanations for the differences in industry wages, such as efficiency wage theory or institutional factors, appear to be inconsistent with the nature of the wage differentials.

Women's Wages in Australia: Stability and Change

An understanding of the relationship between male and female wages in Australia can best be understood by examining the decisions of tribunals in the industrial arena. The decisions of the tribunals have reduced the gap between male and female earnings, however, they have not yet been able to provide for pay equity. A gap still exists which cannot be explained through differences in the human capital of the male and female workforces. At one level this gap can be explained in terms of the impact of differences in the occupational and industrial distribution of the male and female workforces, their hours of work and positions in organisational hierarchies. However, this explanation is too superficial, being unable to explain why these differences in employment behaviour occur. Neither is it able to explain the ways in which women's wages are influenced by social values, tribunal doctrines and practices, the activities of trade unions and policies in the broader social and political arena.

Sources of Inequality Between Male and Female Wages in Australia

AbstractThis article examines the influence of labour force status, full‐time/part‐time employment status, educational qualifications, work experience, and occupation as sources of inequality between male and female wages in Australia. A decomposition method is used to identify the effect of these factors on male/ female inequality. This strategy involves successively removing persons who differ with respect to each of these factors from the population under study and then decomposing the inequality in the remaining sub‐population into inequality within each sex and inequality between the sexes. This decomposition is done using the I0 inequality index proposed by Theil (1967). The study is based on unit record data from the 1981–82 Income and Housing Survey conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. It finds that a significant proportion of the inequality between the wages of the sexes can be explained by their differences with respect to the factors listed above.

Inequality and the Arbitration of Wages in Australia: An Historical Perspective

This paper evaluates the debate in the literature on the extent to which a concern for egalitarianism has been a feature of Australia's wage-fixing system during the current century. An alternative interpretation of the historical record is proposed, along with an alternative concept of egalitarianism. A new conclusion about the degree of concern for egalitarianism follo ws.

Do Incomes Policies Restrain Wage Inflation? Some Evidence From Australia, Canada, and the United States*

The purpose of this paper is to reassess the impact of incomes policies on wages in Australia, Canada and the United States. These countries differ in institutional arrangements as well as in the form and timing of incomes policies adopted. Three methods of assessing the effect of incomes policies have been used: the simulation approach, the intercept‐shift dummy variable approach, and the rotation approach. The results indicate that incomes policies exhibited considerable diversity in the effectiveness among the three countries. The results also show a consistent restraining influence of labour market variables on wage inflation.

Unemployment and Minimum Wages in Australia, 1900–1930

The paper focuses on the development in Australia of minimum wage-setting and its relationship to unemployment. A variety of industrial tribunals embarked on a course of wage-setting early in the twentieth century as part of their task of reducing industrial conflict. In varying degree, the tribunals kept in mind what was thought of as wage justice for workers with low bargaining power. By 1921 a standard minimum wage for unskilled men had emerged and formed the basis of the wage system. It was a wage which had a strong welfare basis. Other wages more closely reflected the market. During the 1920s unemployment was not high but was concentrated on less-capable unskilled men. The limited evidence available points to the wage structure as the main cause.

(Un)equal Pay for Work of Equal Value

The significant gap between men's and women's wages in Australia has been reinforced by sociological, economic and judicial factors. The implementation of the principle of 'equal pay for equal work' has done little to remedy the inequity for the majority of women in the workforce, who are engaged in sex-segregated occupa tions, because they have not been considered to perform 'work of the same or a like nature'. Analysis of the Universities (Equal Pay) Case illustrates, however, that the introduction of the broader principle of 'equal pay for work of equal ualue' is under mined if applicants still endeavour to demonstrate that women are engaged in work identical in nature to a predominantly male classification. Such an approach is inappropriate in the case of women clerical workers since the number of men involved in keyboard and transcription work is minuscule. This work has become stigmatised as per se inferior and as justifying a low rate of pay regardless of other administrative duties performed. An 'equal valtre' case should be able to be framed in such a way that the work of women in female-dominated occupations can be compared systematically with that of men employed in discrete, male-dominated occupations in the community in respect of education, training and expertise required.

Wages in Australia, 1891 to 1914

Australian Economic History ReviewVolume 10, Issue 1 p. 56-76 Article Wages in Australia, 1891 to 1914 P. G. Macarthy, P. G. Macarthy Ottawa, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author P. G. Macarthy, P. G. Macarthy Ottawa, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 1970 https://doi.org/10.1111/aehr.101003Citations: 15AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume10, Issue1January 1970Pages 56-76 RelatedInformation

The Living Wage in Australia: The Role of Government

In contemporary societies the obligation to exercise some control of national economic and social affairs is judged to be the natural order of things. In the more advanced countries, the government inter venes to control the many divergent forces in the process of industriali sation, whilst in those at earlier stages of modernisation, the State's role is to somehow gear society up to a higher standard of living?and fast. In the nineteenth century, things were very different. Far more, individualism was the natural order of things. State intervention in anything other than law and order, and defence, was anathema to the leading power groups in society. Accordingly, governments were allowed to function only on the periphery of economic and social matters, venturing nearer the centre only where it suited the major political pressure groups ascendant at the time. There were exceptions, of course. The State was actively interventionist in Japan, for example, but as a generality we can hold that government intervention was just not wanted, and mostly was not forthcoming. Nineteenth-century Australia was betwixt and between. In the settlement years, government regulation and control of most aspects of economic and social life were vital for survival. Perhaps the experi ence of these formative years bit deeply into the character of both contemporaries and succeeding generations of Australians. It is possibly more true than false that once having 'taken off' in the social and institutional sense, private institutional control measures supplanted those of the state. Yet equally, it may be more true than false that the deeply rooted inclination to look to the State for help in difficult times was not dead but dormant.

Concept of Wages in Australia

Research Article| July 01 1962 Concept of Wages in Australia Frank T. de Vyver Frank T. de Vyver Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google South Atlantic Quarterly (1962) 61 (3): 388–404. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-61-3-388 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Frank T. de Vyver; Concept of Wages in Australia. South Atlantic Quarterly 1 July 1962; 61 (3): 388–404. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-61-3-388 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsSouth Atlantic Quarterly Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright © 1962 by Duke University Press1962 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Industrial Arbitration in Australia: Its Effects on Wages and Unions

Determination of wages in Australia through a system of industrial arbitration has had significant economic and social consequences, unforeseen by the initiators of the system, whose principal objective in its establishment was reduction of industrial strife. This article discusses some of the effects of wage arbitration on the Australian economy and suggests that in view of the widespread economic and social consequences of arbitration, its rote in the functioning of the economy should be reviewed for the purpose of integrating wage policy more closely with other aspects of the nation's economic program. (Author's abstract courtesy EBSCO.)

THE BASIC WAGE IN AUSTRALIA

Economic RecordVolume 14, Issue 1 p. 48-67 THE BASIC WAGE IN AUSTRALIA GEORGE ANDERSON, GEORGE ANDERSON MelbourneSearch for more papers by this author GEORGE ANDERSON, GEORGE ANDERSON MelbourneSearch for more papers by this author First published: June 1938 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1938.tb02250.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume14, Issue1June 1938Pages 48-67 RelatedInformation

Fixation of Wages in Australia.

Fixation of Wages in Australia.

Fixation of Wages in Australia. George Anderson

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsFixation of Wages in Australia. George Anderson H. A. MillisH. A. Millis Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Journal of Political Economy Volume 38, Number 4Aug., 1930 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/254127 Views: 2Total views on this site PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Studies in Australian Affairs. By various writers. New Zealand Affairs. By Sir Apirana T. Ngata and ten other writers. The Economic Effects of Federation. By L. G. Melville and J. W. Wainwright. Gold and Central Banks. By Feliks Mlynarski. Gold and Central Banks. By Feliks Mlynarski. International Gold Movements. By Paul Einzig. Handbuch der Finanzurissenschaft; Kap. 25, Der Staatsaushalt und das Finanzsystem Australiens seit 1900, von R. C Mills Economic Control: Australian Experiments in “Rationalization” and “Safeguarding.” By N. Skene Smith Fixation of Wages in Australia. By George Anderson Agricultural Economics. By George O'Brien.Unemployment in New Zealand: Double Taxation and International Fiscal Co‐operation. By Professor E. R. A. Seligman.

The Artificial Regulation of Wages in Australia

The Artificial Regulation of Wages in Australia