Minimum Wage Research Articles

Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants vs Warfarin among Nursing Home Residents with Atrial Fibrillation: A Retrospective Cohort Study

ObjectiveResidents of nursing homes are usually excluded from clinical trials, including trials to assess treatments for common conditions such as nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). We aimed to quantify the real-world comparative safety and effectiveness of direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) vs warfarin among nursing home residents with NVAF. DesignRetrospective cohort study using 100% national Minimum Data Set and linked Medicare claims from January 2011 through December 2018. Setting and ParticipantsLong-term care nursing home residents aged ≥66 years enrolled in fee-for-service Medicare. We included individuals diagnosed with NVAF newly initiating oral anticoagulants. MethodsWe identified exposure to DOACs (apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and edoxaban) vs warfarin. Outcomes were hospitalization for ischemic stroke/systemic embolism, major bleeding, pneumonia (negative control outcome), and all-cause death. We used inverse probability of treatment weighting competing risk regression models for clinical outcomes and Cox proportional hazards regression for all-cause death. ResultsOf 38,983 individuals newly initiating anticoagulants, 19,366 (49.7%) initiated DOACs and 19,617 (50.3%) initiated warfarin. In the inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis, compared with warfarin, there was no statistically significant association between DOAC use and ischemic stroke/systemic embolism [4.5 vs 4.7 events per 100 person-years; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 0.94; 95% CI, 0.84–1.05] or major bleeding (12.6 vs 12.4 events per 100 person-years; aHR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.96–1.10). DOACs use was associated with a modest but statistically significant lower risk of all-cause death (48.1 vs 49.0 events per 100 person-years; IPTW analysis aHR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91–0.98). Conclusions and ImplicationsAmong nursing home residents with NVAF, DOACs and warfarin were associated with a similar risk of ischemic stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding. However, the use of DOACs was associated with a slightly reduced risk of all-cause mortality.

Impact of construction activities on agricultural land use for sustainable food production in Ile-Ife

The construction industry is a key player in global economic development and assumes a critical position in multifaceted demand for land resources through urbanisation process such as housing and infrastructure development. This pressure plays significant role in decimating available land resources for agricultural activities and has great implication for sustainable food production. This study examined land use change process in Ile-Ife using Landsat Image at 32m resolution over a period of 2002 to 2023. The features were classified into Baresurface, Built-up, Cultivation, Vegetation, and Waterbody with respective area of coverage of 0.9%, 21.0%, 30.3%, 47.4% and 0.3% at the baseline Year 2002. Findings showed that there was significant percentage increase from 2002 to 2023 of 166.7% for Baresurface (2.4%) and 106.2% for Built-up (43.3%). On the contrary, Cultivation area reduced to 22.2%, with a percentage decimation of 26.7%, Vegetation was reduced to 31.9% with a percentage reduction of 32.7% and Waterbody to 0.2% with a percentage reduction of 33.3%. Notably, majority of the percentage differences occurred between 2002 and 2014, which is largely attributable to increase in minimum wage. By implication, substantial arable land areas for cultivation and vegetation towards food production have been overtaken by built-up area and construction activities without any visible effort at exploring alternatives for agricultural practices towards food production. A concerted effort is required to stem the tide in ensuring sustainable food production.

Influence of the covid-19 pandemic on the education and academic performance of university students

Purpose: Investigate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the higher education through the perception of Brazilian undergraduates. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1006 students of public and private universities. Data collection happened between September-December 2020 with an online questionnaire addressing socioeconomic characteristics, use of anxiolytics/antidepressants and issues related to the course. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression (α = 5%). Results: Most students (68.7%) perceived an impact on their education and reported a high satisfaction with the course (62.2%). Age (OR = 0.98, 95%CI: 0.96 – 0.99), residing in the northern region of the country (OR= 1.26, 95%CI: 1.06 – 1.50), enrollment at a public university (OR= 1.28, 95%CI: 1.17 – 1.40) and lower satisfaction with the course (OR= 1.13, 95%CI: 1.04 – 1.23) were associated with the perception of impact. Regarding self-rated performance in the courses, 41.7% students reported a very low/low performance. A family income of up to two times the monthly minimum wage (OR= 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48 – 0.97), residing in the northeastern region of the country (OR= 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48 – 0.97) and lower satisfaction with the course (OR= 0.36, 95% CI: 0.23 – 0.53) were associated with this outcome. Conclusions: The pandemic negatively affected two thirds of undergraduates, especially the younger, from the northern region, public universities and those less satisfied with the course. Nearly forty percent of students rated their academic performance during the pandemic as very low/low, especially those with a low family income, from the northeastern region and those less satisfied with the course.

RETURNING TO THE PUBLICATION OF DOCTOR OF JURIDICAL SCIENCES, PROFESSOR M.A. SARSEMBAYEV «THE NEED TO IMPROVE STANDARDS OF ILO CONVENTIONS AND THE KAZAKHSTAN LABOR LAW»

This article analyzes the article by Professor M.A. Sarsembayev on the topic «The need to improve standards of ILO conventions and the Kazakhstan labor law», which was published in the Bulletin of the Institute of Legislation and Legal Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 2 (47) in 2017. In the article Professor M.A. Sarsembayev focuses on the International Labor Organization (ILO) conventions, including the e Convention on Equal treatment and equal opportunities for men and women workers: workers with family responsibilities, adopted in Geneva on the 67-th session of the ILO General Conference on 23 June 1981, the Convention on the Protection of Wages, adopted in Geneva on 32-th session of the General conference of the ILO 1 July 1949, and the ILO Convention on the Minimum Wage Fixing Machinery by 16 June 1928, which are ratified by the Republic of Kazakhstan, with the aim of improving the norms of national labor legislation. The author also identifies shortcomings in these conventions and provides recommendations (translations, new formulations, additional articles, and terms) for their improvement, emphasizing that Kazakhstan, as a party to these conventions, can make proposals for their enhancement through the ILO’s Bureau of Labor Administration. The article also addresses the issue of accession to conventions such as the Convention on Minimum Standards of Social Security (No. 102), the Convention on the Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining in Agriculture (No. 11), the Convention on Compensation for Workmen in Agriculture (No. 12), and the Convention on Medical Care and Sickness Benefits for Workmen in Agriculture (No. 25), considering their significance for the national legal system of Kazakhstan.

CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL WAGE DIFFERENCE IN KAZAKHSTAN AND THE POSSIBILITY OF ITS REDUCTION

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of regional differences in wages, the development of a cluster typology of the regions of Kazakhstan in terms of wages and the justification of the possibilities of reducing its regional differentiation. The article provides an overview of scientists' points of view on the problem of labor income inequality, assesses the level of regional wage differences in Kazakhstan, conducts a cluster analysis and develops a typology of the country's regions according to the level of average nominal wages, gross regional product per capita and the share of gross value added of the quasi-public sector in the gross regional product. A group of regions has been identified that are most in need of regulatory measures to increase wages. The possibilities of reducing large regional wage differences are substantiated, primarily by attracting investments to boost the economy, increase employment and labor incomes, as well as by introducing increasing regional coefficients when setting minimum wage standards in remote areas, regions with difficult natural and climatic conditions. The methods of systematic literary review, logical analysis? analogies and generalizations, economic and statistical, cluster analysis, and typology are used.

PRÁTICA DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E SOBRECARGA PERCEBIDA POR MÃES DE JOVENS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA

Atypical motherhood can place a great burden on women, who often end up neglecting self-care due to the attention required for their child. This study aimed to verify the level of physical activity and the burden perceived by mothers of young people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). 20 mothers with children diagnosed with ASD were interviewed, who answered questionnaires with sociodemographic information, habitual physical activity (Baecke) and perceived burden (Burden Interview). The results showed a higher prevalence of divorced women, with an income of less than two minimum wages, without medical insurance or a support network and whose children were diagnosed with ASD support 3. The burden perceived by women was generally high and showed a negative correlation with practice of physical activity. It is concluded that physical activity can be a beneficial factor in reducing perceived burden among women with children with ASD. Received: 2024/06/25 Reformulated: 2024/08/30 Accepted: 2024/08/30

Economic burden and quality of life of caregivers of patients with sickle cell disease in the United Kingdom and France: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD), a genetic blood disorder that affects red blood cells and oxygen delivery to body tissues, is characterized by haemolytic anaemia, pain episodes, fatigue, and end-organ damage with acute and chronic dimensions. Caring for patients with SCD imposes a high burden on informal caregivers. This study aims to capture the impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and economic burden of caregiving for patients with SCD.MethodsValidated instruments of HRQoL (EQ-5D-5L, Carer Quality of Life-7 dimensions [CarerQol-7D]) and productivity (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: Specific Health Problem [WPAI: SHP]) were administered via a cross-sectional online survey to caregivers in the United Kingdom (UK) and France. Demographics, HRQoL, and economic burden data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Economic burden was determined using country-specific minimum and average wage values. Subgroup analysis examined caregivers with and without SCD.ResultsSixty-nine caregivers were recruited (UK, 43; France, 26), 83% were female, and 22% had SCD themselves. The mean (SD) caregiver EQ-5D-5L score was 0.66 (0.28) (UK, 0.62; France, 0.73), and the mean CarerQol-7D score was 80.69 (24.40) (UK, 78.72 [25.79]; France, 83.97 [22.01]). Mental health problems were reported in 72% and 70% of caregivers measured using the EQ-5D-5L and CarerQol-7D, respectively. Financial problems were reported by 68% of caregivers, with mean annual minimum wage productivity losses of £4209 and €3485, increasing to £5391 and €9319 for average wages. Sensitivity analysis determined additional HRQoL decrements for caregivers with and without, SCD.ConclusionCaring for patients with SCD impacts the HRQoL and economic burden of caregivers. Further research to support the complex needs of SCD caregivers is required.

Unveiling nurses' perspectives on decent work: A qualitative exploration.

This study explores nurses' perspectives on the concept of "decent work" and the factors influencing their viewpoints. This qualitative study employed a conventional content analysis approach using face-to-face interviews. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 registered nurses at two tertiary hospitals in Hangzhou, China, from October to November 2023. Decent work for nurses refers to their engagement in a profession within a secure, fair, and friendly practice environment where they could receive respect, support, reasonable compensation, social security, and opportunities for career development, all of which could enable nurses to recognize their intrinsic values and achieve a state of professional and personal fulfillment. Key factors that influence decent work for nurses include the work environment, societal perceptions, and individual characteristics. The concept of decent work holds paramount importance for nurses, necessitating collaborative efforts at the individual, family, institutional, and societal levels to promote the professional dignity of nurses and enhance the quality of nursing care. Policymakers should establish regional minimum wage standards for nurses, promote flexible scheduling, and support professional development through subsidized training programs. Additionally, national media campaigns and comprehensive mental health support can enhance the public image and resilience of nurses, respectively, improving their decent work perception.

Is a single minimum wage policy viable option? Evidence from the impact of minimum wage on youth employment in Malaysia

The present study is aimed to identify an ideal mechanism to reduce negative effect of minimum wage on youth employment generation. Using available data from Department of Statistics, the study runs an annual panel regression at the state level based on fixed effect specification model. The finding demonstrates that the minimum wage has a negative effect on employment, particularly among youth. It implies that there is an excess of labour supply in the market at the current wage rate. As a result, the rate set is higher than equilibrium, signifying firm disadvantages. The negative effect is more prevalent if the single national minimum wage rate policy is applied to all states. Therefore, the national wage policy should be thoroughly examined. Instead, a regional wage rate should be explored as a potential solution for mitigating and preventing negative employment effects.

The management and evaluation of flats retribution rates in Surakarta City, Indonesia

PurposeSurakarta needs to evaluate its flat management as the most populous city in Central Java, Indonesia. This study examines the implementation of flat management in Surakarta City and evaluates and recommends the appropriate flat retribution rate.Design/methodology/approachThis study used the analytical descriptive method to explain the problems in managing flats in Surakarta City. The data were obtained through a review of existing regulations and in-depth interviews with the flat residents and managers. The proposed retribution tariff for flats is calculated with a market approach through a comparison with neighboring cities and/or districts adjusted to the regional minimum wage to accommodate the residents’ ability to pay.FindingsBased on the results of interviews and a review of regulations, problems were identified in the management of flats in Surakarta City. A comparison of levy rates with surrounding districts led to a proposal for new levy rates, which were divided into two tariff groups based on the characteristics of flats in Surakarta City.Research limitations/implicationsThe result of this study is a suggested retribution tariff derived from an economic framework that has yet to be validated by assessing the flat residents' willingness to pay.Originality/valueThis paper complements previous studies on the management and financing of flats by more in-depth evaluating the current tariffs and providing recommendations for appropriate tariffs.

Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Upah Minimum Regional dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia terhadap Kemiskinan Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Riau

The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of economic growth, minimum wages and the Human Development Index on poverty in districts/cities in Riau Province. This research is quantitative descriptive research using panel data, the data used is in the form of time series (2010-2022) and cross sections (12 regencies/cities in Riau Province). The type of data used in this research is secondary data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and supporting journals. The analytical method used is the Delangan Panel Linear Data Regression Analysis Method. The Fem method uses the Eview software tool 6. The results of the research show that the positive and negative influence on the poverty of districts/cities in Riau Province is used.

Can minimum wage increases narrow the gender wage gap? Evidence from China

ABSTRACT Using data from the 2011–2019 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS), this paper examines the effect of minimum wage increases on the gender wage gap. The results show that minimum wage increases can significantly reduce the gender wage gap. We further examine the impact of minimum wages on the gender wage gap across the wage distribution and find that minimum wages are conducive to narrowing the gender wage gap at the bottom and middle parts of the wage distribution, but not conducive to reducing the gender wage gap at the upper part of the wage distribution. We also identity heterogeneous effects of minimum wages on the gender wage gap across age, education level, hukou, and work unit. Finally, we find that minimum wages have a negative effect on low-wage workers’ employment. Therefore, governments need to weigh their role in reducing the gender wage gap against the potential negative employment effects when adjusting the minimum wage standard.

The Impact of Decree 70/2023 on Labor Regulation and Industrial Relations in Argentina: A Legal and Economic Analysis

Decree 70/2023, issued by the Argentine government, addresses critical issues in labor and industrial relations amidst ongoing economic and social challenges. This study evaluates the decree’s impact on labor regulations, focusing on minimum wage standards, protection against unfair dismissal, and dispute resolution mechanisms. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, both qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted. Qualitative methods included legal document reviews and expert interviews, while quantitative methods involved assessing changes in wage levels, unemployment, and productivity. Key findings indicate that the decree’s increase in minimum wage aims to enhance worker welfare and stimulate economic growth, but poses challenges for employers, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises. Stricter procedures and improved compensation for layoffs are expected to reduce job insecurity and foster fairer employment practices, though these measures may raise operational costs and administrative burdens for businesses. Additionally, the new dispute resolution mechanisms, which emphasize mediation and arbitration, are designed to resolve conflicts more efficiently and transparently. However, consistent implementation and oversight remain critical challenges. The study concludes that while Decree 70/2023 represents a significant step towards better labor conditions and industrial relations in Argentina, its success will depend on rigorous enforcement and stakeholder cooperation. Further research should focus on the long-term effects of these regulations on Argentina’s labor market and economic stability, as well as continuous evaluation to refine these policies for optimal outcomes.

Pengaruh PDRB dan Upah Minimum Provinsi Terhadap Kemiskinan dan IPM di Provinsi-Provinsi Indonesia

Public welfare is the ultimate goal of every economic development. HDI as an indicator of welfare in Indonesia continues to increase from year to year, but is very volatile. The province with the highest HDI points is DKI Jakarta province and the lowest is Papua Province. This shows that the increase has not occurred significantly and there are still disparities in several provinces in Indonesia. This research aims (1) To analyze the direct influence of GRDP and minimum wages on poverty in Indonesian provinces in 2018-2022. (2) To analyze the influence of GRDP, minimum wage and poverty directly on HDI in Indonesian provinces in 2018-2022. (3) To analyze the influence of GRDP and minimum wages on HDI indirectly through poverty in Indonesian provinces in 2018-2022. This research uses secondary data obtained from BPS publications during 2018-2022, with a total of 170 observation points. The data analysis technique used is path analysis with the help of EViews 10 software. The results of the study indicate that PDRB has a significant negative direct effect on poverty, Provincial Minimum Wage has a significant positive direct effect on poverty, both PDRB and Provincial Minimum Wage have a significant positive direct effect on the HDI, and poverty has a significant negative direct effect on the HDI. Poverty is not an intervening variable in the relationship between PDRB and the HDI, but it is an intervening variable in the relationship between Provincial Minimum Wage and the HDI. The implications of this research are that successful economic policies must integrate increases in Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and Minimum Wage as primary strategies to reduce poverty levels and enhance the Human Development Index (HDI) in Indonesian provinces. Significant increases in GRDP contribute to poverty reduction by evenly distributing economic benefits to disadvantaged groups. Meanwhile, strengthened Minimum Wage policies can elevate worker incomes, bolster purchasing power, and improve access to education and healthcare, thereby potentially boosting HDI. Prioritising poverty reduction is crucial for enhancing overall quality of life, thereby creating better conditions for economic growth and social welfare at the provincial level

Quality of care transitions from hospital to home for COVID-19 patients discharged from Brazilian university hospitals

PurposeTo analyze the quality of transitional care for patients with COVID-19 at discharge from Brazilian university hospitals.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in five Brazilian university hospitals between April and December 2021. The sample consisted of 527 participants. Data collection consisted of a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Care Transitions Measure (CTM-15), a care transition assessment instrument, which was translated and validated in Portuguese.FindingsMost participants were patients (n = 369; 70.0%), with primary school completion (n = 218; 43.4%), multiracial (n = 218; 43.5%) and with an income of up to two minimum wages (n = 182; 42.8%). Dimension 1 – management preparation – obtained the highest score (71.2 points, SD = 16.5), while Dimension 4 – care plan – obtained the lowest score (62.2 points, SD = 23.4). Among the participating hospitals, there was a difference in the overall mean with results ranging from 67.0 to 72.9 points.Originality/valueA satisfactory quality of care transition was found, considering the context of a pandemic. The main weaknesses in the care transitions were related to the care planning after hospital discharge.

The effect of minimum wage increases on the labor productivity of star-rated hotels: evidence from China

The effect of minimum wage increases on the labor productivity of star-rated hotels: evidence from China

The U.S. Low-Wage Structure: A McWage Comparison

Abstract Thanks to standardized work protocol and technology of McDonald's restaurants, the hourly wage of McDonald's Basic Crew enables wage comparisons under near-identical skill inputs and hedonic job conditions. McWages capture labor costs in entry-level jobs, while the Big Macs (earned) Per Hour (BMPH) index measures corresponding purchasing power of wages. We document large and growing geographical wage differences in standardized jobs using data covering most U.S. counties during 2016-2023. Before the Covid-19 pandemic, there was no BMPH growth where minimum wages stayed constant, but the pandemic wage increase, which diminished the importance of minimum wages, was stronger in these areas.

Inflation’s Reduction of the Real Minimum Wage and Unemployment in the USA: 1987 to 2021

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14pt;">Hundreds of articles have been written that include empirical estimates of the dis-employment effects of minimum wages; however, many of these articles find statistically insignificant effects, some find significant negative effects, and a few find significant positive effects. Most of these studies use multivariate analyses which can be criticized for omitting key variables. The omitted variables problem ruins all statistics and estimates. This paper uses reiterative truncated projected least squares (RTPLS), a solution to the omitted variables problem, to estimate the percentage increase in unemployment due to a one percent increase in the real minimum wage using monthly data for the 50 states of the USA from 1987 to 2021. RTPLS produces a separate elasticity for every observation where differences in these estimates are due to omitted variables. We argue that RTPLS solves most of the econometric problems that David Neumark identified in his keynote address at a minimum wage conference in Berlin in 2018. We find that the percentage change in the unemployment rate due to a one percent change in the minimum wage ranges between 1.156 and 3.389, that the elasticities for different states tend to move together over time, and that all these elasticities are statistically significant at a 95 percent confidence level.</span></p>

Minimum wage non-compliance: the role of co-determination

AbstractWe analyse how co-determination is related to non-compliance with the German minimum wage, which was introduced in 2015. The Works Constitution Act (WCA), the law regulating co-determination at the plant level, provides works councils with indirect means to ensure compliance with the statutory minimum wage. Based on this legal situation, our theoretical model predicts that non-compliance is less likely in co-determined firms because works councils enhance the enforcement of the law. The economic correlates of co-determination, such as higher productivity and wages, affect non-compliance in opposite directions. The empirical analysis, using data from the German Socio-economic Panel (SOEP) for the years 2016 and 2019, demonstrates that non-compliance occurs less often for employees in co-determined establishments, while there is no correlation between non-compliance and the difference between the minimum wage and the wage actually paid.

ANALISIS UPAH MINIMUM DALAM MENINGKATKAN DISIPLIN KERJA KARYAWAN (Studi Kasus di Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2024)

Pay is critical to both the existence of business and its employees. For many labourers, the only motivation to labour is the expectation of receiving compensation. This research examines how raising the minimum wage might improve worker discipline. It uses the West Java Province as a case study for 2024. Qualitative approaches and descriptive-analytical procedures are the methodologies used. sources and methods of data collecting discovered via a review of the literature. Both deductive and inductive data analysis methodologies are used to provide conceptual formulations on the influence of UMP on employee work discipline. It is anticipated that this study's findings will lead to final conclusions that will expand upon and support pertinent findings from earlier research. The findings indicate that compensation is the most difficult assignment for business and the most significant factor for employees because it indicates how much is valued by the workers, their families, and society as a whole. It's also significant for the industry since it shows how hard it works to keep its human resources committed and loyal to the sector. Employee motivation and work ethic will increase as a result of the pay increase.