Vulvovaginitis In Children Research Articles

Further Research in the Problem of Vulvo-Vaginitis in Children: II. Serological Studies

Further Research in the Problem of Vulvo-Vaginitis in Children: II. Serological Studies

DISEASES OF THE GENITO-URINARY TRACT IN CHILDREN

VULVOVAGINITIS IN CHILDREN Fraser 1 gives an exhaustive discussion and bibliography of vulvovaginitis in children. In a review of the literature on modes of infection, he calls attention especially to the work of Engering, who showed that the viability of the gonococcus outside the human body is greater than has generally been supposed. He found that the gonococci lived from three to ten hours in sterile tap water at a temperature of 22 C., and in the surface water of swimming pools from seven and a half to ten hours. The gonococci remained alive on moist linen for four hours. He also emphasizes the importance of investigating the adult members of the household. Many other organisms may be the etiologic factor in vulvovaginitis, but usually, however, they are secondary to an original gonococcal infection. Uncleanliness and the immaturity of the vulva and vagina are important predisposing factors. Fraser states that

Therapy of gonorrheal vulvovaginitis in children: Schmidt, Willy: Therapie der Gegenwart, 1922, lxiii, 144

Therapy of gonorrheal vulvovaginitis in children: Schmidt, Willy: Therapie der Gegenwart, 1922, lxiii, 144

REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE OF THE PAST FIVE YEARS ON GONOCOCCUS VULVOVAGINITIS IN CHILDHOOD

This review comprises the most important articles on vulvovaginitis in children which have appeared during the past five years, with the exception of a few in foreign magazines to which we did not have access. Articles which consisted merely of a general description of the disease without any original observations were, as a rule, not included. A complete review of the literature from 1883 to 1912, by Generisch,¹may be found in the Budapest<i>Medical-Surgical Presse</i>for 1911 and 1912. <h3>CONTAGIOUSNESS</h3> The extreme contagiousness of gonococcus infection among girls under puberty is universally admitted. As Meister²says, only a primary case is necessary in an institution; a little carelessness will do the rest, and when an epidemic has begun, only the strictest hygiene will prevent its rapid spread. Hess³believes that it should not be regarded especially as an institutional disease, however, as it may be found

VULVOVAGINITIS IN CHILDREN

A striking change has been evident in hospital and medical practice within the last ten years. The advent of social service work in the hospital routine has resulted in a new conception of many disease conditions. Certain diseases have been long recognized as intimately connected with conditions of living, and steps have been taken toward the prevention of such diseases and the protection of the community from the spreading of the infection. Tuberculosis stands as a notable example of this group. Other diseases until recently considered as presenting almost entirely medical problems, are now recognized as having a large social element. As yet sufficient attention has not been given to a study of the social aspect of these diseases. Vulvovaginitis in children belongs in this class. This disease is confined largely to hospital practice, which would at once suggest that it is dependent in part, at least, on poor social

ON THE CAUSE OF THE PERSISTENCE OF GONORRHEAL VULVOVAGINITIS IN CHILDREN

INTRODUCTION The general disappointment encountered by most clinicians and specialists, with the therapy of gonorrheal vulvovaginitis in children, as well as the great diversity of opinions in regard to the possibility of ultimate cure of this infection in infants, have prompted us to make the present investigation. On the one hand, the disease is treated so lightly by some pediatrists that one is led to believe a case of gonorrheal vulvovaginitis can be cured in a very short while by a few applications of some antiseptic solution. While others assert that it may persist for eight or nine years and may be refractory to all treatment, and even last throughout a lifetime. (Epstein, Kakels, Cora Hamilton.) The great diversity of opinion may be explained in several ways. (1) Observers have not had the opportunity to control their cases for a sufficiently long time. (2) The rules to determine whether a

Gonorrheal Vulvo-Vaginitis in Children: With Special Reference to an Epidemic Occuring in Scarlet-Fever Wards

Journal Article Gonorrheal Vulvo-Vaginitis in Children: With Special Reference to an Epidemic Occuring in Scarlet-Fever Wards Get access Alice Hamilton Alice Hamilton From the Memorial Institute for Infectious Diseases, Chicago Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 5, Issue 2, 30 March 1908, Pages 133–157, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/5.2.133 Published: 30 March 1908 Article history Received: 27 February 1908 Published: 30 March 1908

Inoculation Treatment of Gonorrheal Vulvo-Vaginitis in Children

During the past two years several articles have appeared dealing with the opsonic index in the gonorrhea of adults and with the effect of therapeutic inoculation in this disease. The gonorrheal vulvovaginitis of little girls seemed to offer an interesting field for research of this kind and one as yet unexplored. Accordingly, during the summer of 1907, we undertook to examine children suffering from acute and chronic gonorrheal vulvo-vaginitis with reference to their opsonic index to the gonococcus; and later we took up the question of the influence exerted upon the index and upon the course of the disease by the injection of killed gonococci. As a result of these investigations we feel justified in making the following statements: 1. The opsonic index to the gonococcus is usually below normal in the chronic gonorrheal vaginitis of little girls and in acute vaginitis during the first weeks. 2. The index usually rises toward the end in cases which are recovering and remains more or less persistently low in cases which do not improve or improve very slowly. 3. It is sometimes possible to raise the opsonic index to the gonococcus by injections of dead gonococci, and when this occurs an improvement in the clinical condition usually occurs also. 4. The acute cases inoculated with killed gonococci from strains which had been grown for several months on artificial media improved rather more rapidly than did control cases who received no injections of killed gonococci. 5. Better results are obtained by the use of strains which have been grown for a long period on artificial media than by the use of freshly isolated strains, and there appears to be no advantage in using the patient's own organism.

The Prognosis and Treatment of Vulvo-vaginitis in Children

The Prognosis and Treatment of Vulvo-vaginitis in Children