Vulnerable Housing Research Articles

Health care disparities and bladder cancer mortality in the United States: A closer look at the social vulnerability index.

150 Background: Bladder cancer is a significant public health concern, with various factors influencing mortality rates. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) measures community resilience to external health stresses. This study investigates the association between bladder cancer mortality (BCM) and county-level SVI in the United States (U.S.). Methods: Mortality data from U.S. counties were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) database from 2015 to 2019 using the International Classification of Diseases-10th Edition (Code C67). The CDC and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) county-level SVI was used as a composite measure of social vulnerability. The SVI includes several U.S. census variables grouped into four themes: Socioeconomic Status (SES), Household Characteristics, Racial and Ethnic Minority Status, and Housing Type and Transportation. Vulnerable SES variables include individuals with incomes below 150% of the federal poverty line, unemployment, those with housing cost burdens, and those without high school diplomas or health insurance. Vulnerable household variables include seniors over 65 years, children under 17 years, disabled civilians, single-parent households, and those with limited English proficiency. SVI Quartiles (Q1 being the least vulnerable and Q4 the most vulnerable) were compared to assess their impact on BCM. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate Incidence Rate Ratios (IRRs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) using SAS software. Results: From 2015 to 2019, a total of 82,994 people died from bladder cancer, and the age-adjusted mortality rate per 1,000,000 was 42.4. A higher SVI in intermediate vulnerability quartiles was associated with a higher risk of BCM (Q2 and Q3: IRR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.01-1.10; p = 0.009) compared to the least vulnerable quartile, Q1. Vulnerable SES had an increased risk of BCM (Q2 and Q3: IRR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.03-1.12; p < 0.001) compared to Q1. BCM was also increased in individuals with vulnerable household characteristics (Q2 and Q3: IRR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.02-1.10; p = 0.004) compared to Q1. Q4 was not significant in comparison to Q1 for the groups mentioned above. Interestingly, Racial and Ethnic Minority Status (Hispanic, Latino, African American, etc.) was associated with lower BCM in Q2 and Q3 (IRR = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.84-0.92; p < 0.001) and Q4 (IRR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.73-0.81; p < 0.001) compared to Q1. No significant mortality differences were observed among vulnerable Housing Types and Transportation. Conclusions: Bladder cancer mortality is linked to vulnerable socioeconomic and household characteristics, while racial and ethnic minority status correlates with decreased risk. Future targeted public health interventions are needed to reduce bladder cancer mortality in vulnerable populations. Bladder cancer mortality and its association with social vulnerability quartiles. Bladder Cancer Mortality Characteristic IRR 95% CI p-value Social Vulnerability Index Q1 — — Q2&Q3 1.06 1.01, 1.10 0.009 Q4 0.98 0.93, 1.03 0.4 Socioeconomic Status Q1 — — Q2&Q3 1.07 1.03, 1.12 <0.001 Q4 1.00 0.95, 1.05 >0.9 Household Characteristics Q1 — — Q2&Q3 1.06 1.02, 1.10 0.004 Q4 1.05 1.00, 1.10 0.052 Racial & Ethnic Minority Status Q1 — — Q2&Q3 0.88 0.84, 0.92 <0.001 Q4 0.77 0.73, 0.81 <0.001 Housing Type & Transportation Q1 — — Q2&Q3 1.03 0.99, 1.08 0.2 Q4 0.98 0.93, 1.03 0.4 IRR = Incidence Rate Ratio, CI = Confidence Interval.

The role of housing stability in predicting social capital: Exploring social support and psychological integration as mediators for individuals with histories of homelessness and vulnerable housing.

Social capital is a collective asset important for individual and population well-being. Individuals who experience homelessness may face barriers in accessing social capital due to health challenges, small social networks, and social exclusion. Data from a 4-year longitudinal study was used to determine if housing stability predicted greater social capital and if this relationship was mediated by social support and psychological integration for a sample of 855 homeless and vulnerably housed participants living in three Canadian cities. Findings showed that housing stability was not associated with trust and linking social capital. However, higher levels of social support and psychological integration had a mediating effect on the association between housing stability and trust and linking social capital. These findings highlight the importance of social support and psychological integration as means of promoting social capital for people who experience homelessness and vulnerable housing. Social interventions for housed individuals with histories of homelessness may be an avenue to foster greater social capital by building relationships with neighbors and connections to community resources and activities.

열악한 주거환경에서 청년의 결핍된 삶과 위기 경험: 지하방, 옥탑방, 고시원 거주 청년을 중심으로

This study focused on the experiences of young people living in basements, rooftop rooms, and gosiwons, which represent poor living environments. Based on this, the purpose is to suggest an approach to effectively solve the poor housing problem of young people by taking an in-depth approach to the meaning of home formed by poor residential environments, life in vulnerable housing, and crisis experiences. As a result of in-depth interviews with young people who have lived or are currently living in basement rooms, rooftop rooms, and gosiwons, home was a temporary place for young people, and the poor living environment was the price they had to pay to achieve their dreams, but it was a proof of survival that they survived and lived hard. In particular, the risk of poor housing environments was aggravated in crisis situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic and torrential rain, but the driving force in overcoming this situation was community values and solidarity, not housing support policies. Accordingly, it is necessary to supplement the contents of the housing survey to accurately understand the current situation of young people who are threatened in poor spaces, and to shift from a policy centered on loan support to reducing the burden of housing costs for happy housing and youth-safe housing, and expanding support targets. In addition, we propose expanding the scope of the youth housing support policy and forming a citizen participation monitoring group that can monitor and check the implementation of the youth housing support policy. Lastly, we propose building an online platform where young people can share their poor housing experiences and seek alternatives based on community values.

A Multidisciplinary and Trauma-Informed Perspective Approach to Community-Based Support Programs

A report on a pop-up pet support program at Toronto Humane Society designed specifically to provide wellness, behavior and social services to underserved communities. While community wellness is not new to the organization, this program was designed to offer essential veterinary and behavioral services through a trauma-informed lens to individuals experiencing vulnerable housing situations in Toronto, Canada.

Computational Review and Assessment of The Urban Heat Island Effect and Its Impact on Building Space Conditioning

This paper reviews and reports the recent progress and knowledge on the specific impact of the urban heat island (UHI) effect on building space conditioning for vulnerable housing where lack of air conditioning and fuel poverty causes indoor overheating, thus increasing vulnerability. Previous studies demonstrated that the increase of the ambient temperature due to UHI and heat waves impacts adversely cooling energy consumption of buildings and raises the peak electricity demand during summer and heat waves. Given the aging and dilapidated housing conditions in low-income communities, mostly of color and minorities, the economic burden of the cooling energy penalty induced by urban overheating is higher. However, literature on overheating is primarily driven by the physical characteristics of the building such as insulation, albedo, and envelope properties, and the Heat Vulnerability Index (HVI) by demographic data such as age, income, education largely remains isolated thus failing to capture the overall understanding of heat vulnerability and the role architects/urban designers can play in mitigation. Through a computational query review of the last fifteen years of publication, we are inquiring, about how UHI impacts building energy consumption in low-income and poor-quality housing and what role city and housing characteristics play in indoor overheating. Our study suggests, that in the US, due to segregated historic planning policies, low-income houses are often located in low tree canopy areas with varying urban typologies, and higher impervious material which substantially increases the air temperature thus determining energy consumption and anthropogenic heat release which contribute to present-day inequitable exposure to intra-urban heat. Both housing characteristics and the location of housing play a crucial role as similar housing will experience different exposure to intra-urban heat if not located in a heat canyon. Through this literature review, it became evident that there is a gap in the research that fails to connect building characteristics and overheating with heat vulnerability. Research involving UHI and heat vulnerability has continued to advance through energy analysis and mitigation studies, but future studies need to redefine the HVI index, especially by incorporating city and housing characteristics, which can help architects/urban designers make informed design decisions.

건물분양주택의 발전방안에 관한 연구

This study studied the plan for expanding and supplying pre-sale housing through the analysis of advanced cases. The analysis results are as follows. First, providing publicity and marketability at an affordable pre-sale price and land rental for residential stability is essential. A plan to appropriately recover the market profit is needed. Second, the continuity of supply requires a continuous supply of land in the housing demand area and continuous supply to the vulnerable housing class. Third, it is necessary to set a reasonable pre-sale price considering high-quality materials during initial supply. Fourth, it is necessary to break away from the LH repurchase method, recognize some capital gains, calculate realistic rent, and extend the lease period. As for policy implications, it is necessary to clarify the policy goals of building pre-sale housing, long-term plans for securing public land, and practical support measures to enable social and economic actors to participate in the supply of Building pre-sale housing.

"Znaš što, ja ću o tome napisati knjigu!" – analize životnih povijesti osoba u situacijama ugroženoga stanovanja

In the context of vulnerable housing situations (homelessness and housing exclusion), the life course perspective, the concept of housing careers and housing pathways emphasise different life experiences, differential circumstances, and the social contexts of arriving at such a position, depending on age. Keeping this in perspective, the research identified the dominant events and circumstances that marked people's descent into one of the vulnerable housing situations across: a) youth and early middle age, b) late middle age, and c) old age. The study was conducted between December 2021 and February 2022 in the city of Novi Sad (Republic of Serbia). 35 respondents who are in one of the vulnerable housing situations took part in the research. Convenience, purposive and snowball sampling were applied, and the data was collected through a semi- -standardised, in-depth interview. The obtained results indicate the multiplicity and cumulativeness of adverse events and characteristics in the life trajectories of persons in vulnerable housing, as well as the specificity of unfavourable circumstances depending on age. In conclusion, the research confirmed the findings of previous literature in the domain of the life history of vulnerable housing and indicated possible directions for improving the understanding of this topic.

Soil assessment and mitigation of flash flood erosion using Ipomoe Carnea in Gombe town, Gombe state, Nigeria

In many parts of the world floods occur more often and increase in size. In the tropics, it is partly or wholly caused by climatological factors, in-situ soil types (as soils with low infiltration rate are vulnerable to flooding); inadequate drainage network, topography and human factors. Gombe town is situated within an elevation of 628 m and 361 m above sea level (a.s.l). Topography is mainly mountainous, undulating and hilly with open plains and mean slope gradient of 5°, considered to be a high gradient for unprotected soils. This causes high surface runoff leading to excessive flooding and formation of gullies, cutting deep trenches that result in the destruction of residential houses and environmental disasters throughout Gombe town. The research work assessed gully erosion from high vulnerable sections in Gombe town affected by high fluvial floods. Field measurement was done using 50 m tape, GPS, satellite images and laboratory analysis. Laboratory analysis of soil particles sizes showed that mean particle sizes were 74.9 %, 14.1 % and 11.0 % for sand, silt and clay respectivly; the textural class for the entire study site was sandy clay. Porosity from the entire study area contains low volume of voids relative to the volume of solids. Bulk density was slightly high compared to the standards values. The soil chemical properties of the soil pH for the entire site mean (ESM) was 6.42. This indicates that the soils are slightly acidic which affect microbial activities on organic matter that enhance the binding of soils to resists erosivity of fluvial floods. People resorts to using vegetative cover of Ipomoe Carnea plant as mitigation measures to protect their vulnerable houses and farms from gully erosions because the stems interweaves and forms a thick cover that diffuses the high velocity water flow into laminar flow. The weaved stems traps, blocks and prevents the flood transported materials(soil, humus, gravels) in between the stems thereby prevents and slows soil erosion to the nearest minimum.

Reimagining flood plain development with geography at heart

ABSTRACT Claims that the catastrophic flooding events of 2022 which devastated the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales were unprecedented are demonstrated here to be ill-informed. Additionally, flood mitigation efforts will not be able to protect Lismore and surrounding communities from the ravages of future floods. It is essential that geographical realities be at the heart of planning decisions to protect flood prone communities in future. The inescapable fact is that catastrophic floods will recur in the region. The lesson for this region, and for others throughout Australia which are subject to severe flooding, is that planned withdrawal of critical services, commercial premises and vulnerable housing from the flood plain is the only sure way to protect people, their homes and livelihoods from repeated devastation. Geography matters indeed.

Evaluating COVID-19 Transmission Prevention Measures in Public Rental Flats (Rusunawa)

Surabaya is an urbanized area with one of the highest numbers of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Indonesia. With Surabaya's healthcare system on the brink of collapse, housing is crucial in extending healthcare facilities. Therefore, adequate housing is the most prioritized prerequisite for people to cope with the transmission rate of the virus. Unfortunately, public rental flats (rusunawa) are among the most vulnerable housing types due to their high density, lack of adequate facilities, and low environmental quality. This paper presents a two-stage investigation to uncover Coronavirus transmission prevention strategies in dense urban settlements, namely in rusunawa. First, the research observes transmission prevention strategies and measures employed by rusunawa residents and managers. Second, the investigation concludes with evaluating the effectiveness of the identified strategies and measures using cross-tabulation analysis. Data for this research was collected using questionnaires distributed among rusunawa residents and managers. Results indicate that effective prevention strategies differ across vulnerability groups. Thus, research findings can potentially help stakeholders and decision-makers enhance their approach to prevent Coronavirus transmission. Not only that, but research findings can also help inform and anticipate future outbreaks.

Significant social inequalities exist between hot and cold extremes along urban-rural gradients

• Exploring urban-rural social inequalities in cold exposure risk. • Differences between social inequalities in exposure to hot and cold extremes. • Heat and cold exposure risks show opposite urban-rural gradients. • Low-educated people experience the most severe heat-related social inequalities. • Children experience the most severe cold-related social inequalities. Frequent weather extremes can exacerbate environmental injustices arising from the unequal distribution of public resources. To improve urban resilience, social inequality in exposure to heat wave events (HEs) is gradually attracting attention. However, few studies have focused on cold wave events (CEs), even though CEs can cause as much damage as HEs. Thus, a geographically weighted regression model is used to explore exposure inequalities among sensitive populations in CEs and urban-rural differences between social inequalities in exposure to HEs and CEs. Results show that children and ethnic minorities in low-urbanization areas and residents of vulnerable housing in high-urbanization areas are vulnerable to CEs. Females and drivers are vulnerable to CEs in all areas. However, inequality in HEs is most pronounced among the elderly, those with low levels of education, and outdoor workers. Exposure inequality increases with decreasing urbanization among the elderly, while the opposite is true for outdoor workers. Females are severely threatened by HEs in suburban and rural areas. Finally, we propose targeted recommendations based on the findings, such as strengthening medical coverage for empty nesters and introducing policies to safeguard cold work. We hope this study can provide a reference for guaranteeing equality in resilient urban planning.

The Inclusion of the Environmental Dimension of Sustainability in Studying Informal Settlements Using the INDI System

The phenomenon of informal settlements is considered one of the most common global issues that have negative effects on several life aspects. All Algerian cities face this problem, including the city of Bousaada and the neighborhood of Sidi Slimane, which is considered one of the largest informal settlements in the city. Although the neighborhood has benefited from the Vulnerable Housing Absorption Program funded by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the latter did not achieve the set goals. Therefore, it has become necessary to think about the use of modern and effective criteria for assessing the environmental dimension of sustainability, such as the INDI system of impact indicators built into EcoQuartierGrid2011 in order to contribute to the development of these neighborhoods, to ensure a better quality of life for the residents, and achieve sustainable development in light of the environmental dimension. On this basis, the present study aims to use the INDI system to integrate the environmental dimension of sustainability in informal settlements and to investigate the environmental shortcomings that the neighborhood Sidi Slimane suffers from in order to suggest possible solutions to develop it and improve the quality of life for the residents. In pursuance of this aim, the approach of the current research is descriptive-analytical in order to design an approach that deals with the criteria of the INDI System in environmental studies. The research concludes that both INDI and EcoquatierGrid 2011 will help improve the quality of life of the population for millions of individuals and residents in Algeria and in developing countries that suffer from the problem of informal housing. A guideline based on INDI and EcoquatierGrid 2011 indicators is recommended and incorporated into environmental studies as a reference. The novelty of the current research lies in finding practical and technical solutions to the problem of squatter housing through the use of the INDI indicator system and its integration with EcoQuartierGrid2011 based on 40 topics and 318 indicators covering the economic, social, and environmental dimensions.

농촌 지역 독거노인 주택 유형에 따른 주거취약성 분석

South Korea has entered an aging society, and it is estimated that 33% of the total elderly population is a elderly single household. Currently, Social problems are emerging such as the death of individual loneliness among the elderly who have lower cognition about the physical environment than the youth in vulnerable housing environment. In particular, the elderly housing in rural areas has a higher rate of aging than in urban areas. If the housing is not improved, the rate of exposure to a more vulnerable housing environment is high. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the thermal environment of elderly housing in rural areas from September to November in the middle period, and to analyze the vulnerability of housing according to the housing type of elderly housing. In addition, we investigated the actual situation of housing in the elderly districts in rural areas where the safety of the elderly population was not ensured, and analyzed the housing vulnerability of elderly single households according to the level of housing. Based on this, we conducted research to collect basic data for the dissemination and application of devices that can secure a safety system for the elderly single households.

Connect 2 Care, a Novel Community Outreach Program for Vulnerably Housed Patients With High Acute Care Use: A Mixed-Methods Study Protocol.

Introduction: Vulnerably housed individuals, especially those experiencing homelessness, have higher acute care use compared with the general population. Despite available primary care and social services, many face significant challenges accessing needed services. Connect 2 Care (C2C) is a novel transitional case management program that includes registered nurses and health navigators with complementary expertise in chronic disease management, mental health and addictions, social programs, community health, and housing, financial, transportation and legal resources. C2C bridges acute care and community services to improve care coordination.Methods and Analysis: We will perform a mixed-methods evaluation of the C2C program according to the Donabedian framework of structure, process and outcome, to understand how program structure and process, coupled with contextual factors, influence outcomes in a novel intervention. Eligible patients are homeless or unstably housed adults with complex health conditions and high acute care use. Change in emergency department visit rate 12-months after program enrolment is the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include 12-month post-enrolment hospital admissions, cumulative hospital days, health-related quality of life, housing status, primary care attachment and substance use. Qualitative methods will explore experiences with the C2C program from multiple perspectives and an economic evaluation will assess cost-effectiveness.Discussion: Academic researchers partnered with community service providers to evaluate a novel transitional case management intervention for vulnerably housed patients with high acute-care use. The study uses mixed-methods to evaluate the Connect 2 Care program according to the Donabedian framework of structure, process and outcome, including an assessment of contextual factors that influence program success. Insights gained through this comprehensive evaluation will help refine the C2C program and inform decisions about sustainability and transferability to other settings in Canada.

868Harnessing new approaches and contemporary methods for better evidence on housing and health

868Harnessing new approaches and contemporary methods for better evidence on housing and health

Climate justice and home-buyout programs: renters as a forgotten population in managed retreat actions.

For most Americans, the value of their home represents the largest portion of their total wealth; accordingly, homeowners even in very poor areas can obtain some benefit from a home-buyout program as a means to move away from risk and begin again. Renters, however, are an overlooked population during implementation of post-disaster retreat programs that predominantly focus on homeownership. Racism is a substantial factor in homeownership disparities between black and white Americans that can be traced to the post World War II GI Bill—a law that delivered to returning veterans federally-backed home mortgage loans, loans that were largely denied to returning black soldiers. These inequities have not been overcome, leaving minority renters as some of the most vulnerable populations after a disaster. Indeed, some renters may be substantially worse off after a buy-out program is implemented in an area. Renters represent an atypical “trapped” population when it comes to relocation programs because they may be economically forced to move to even more climate vulnerable housing. This paper will explore post-implementation impact on renters of home buy-out and similar retreat programs. We will examine the factors that contribute to this cycle of failed re-location efforts for this sub-group such as the lack of retreat policies aimed at assisting low-income renters, lack or limitations of home or rental insurance, the absence of “duty to warn” obligations from landlords to inform renters of repeated flooding risks at the property, and market failure to encompass climate risks in rental pricing.

Understanding the health and housing experiences of refugees and other migrant populations experiencing homelessness or vulnerable housing: a systematic review using GRADE-CERQual.

Background:A growing number of migrants experience precarious housing situations worldwide, but little is known about their health and housing experiences. The objective of this study was to understand the enablers and barriers of accessing fundamental health and social services for migrants in precarious housing situations.Methods:We conducted a systematic review of qualitative studies. We searched the databases of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Social Sciences, Canadian Business & Current Affairs and Sociological s for articles published between Jan. 1, 2007, and Feb. 9, 2020. We selected studies and extracted data in duplicate, and used a framework synthesis approach, the Bierman model for migration, to guide our analysis of the experiences of migrant populations experiencing homelessness or vulnerable housing in high-income countries. We critically appraised the quality of included studies using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist and assessed confidence in key findings using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (GRADE-CERQual) approach.Results:We identified 1039 articles, and 18 met our inclusion criteria. The studies focused on migrants from Asia and Africa who resettled in Canada, Australia, the United States, the United Kingdom and other European countries. Poor access to housing services was related to unsafe housing, facing a family separation, insufficient income assistance, immigration status, limited employment opportunities and lack of language skills. Enablers to accessing appropriate housing services included finding an advocate and adopting survival and coping strategies.Interpretation:Migrants experiencing homelessness and vulnerable housing often struggle to access health and social services; migrants may have limited proficiency with the local language, limited access to safe housing and income support, and ongoing family insecurities. Public health leaders could develop outreach programs that address access and discrimination barriers. PROSPERO Registration:CRD42018071568

Contributions for the re-draft of vulnerable housing states. Micro-actions that promote exteriority”

The activation of public housing states from the 70s and 80s decades, currently under vulnerability processes, presents itself as a form of urban sustainability that takes advantage of existing buildings and infrastructure for the generation of quality housing and habitat. A small scale project is proposed here as an intervention strategy. Micro-actions based on the incorporation of activating elements, capable of generating greater unfolding in the different scales of the housing state, through the co-operative participation of its dwellers, creating a renovated bond with objects and spaces in the state. The investigation addresses 9 housing states in Montevideo and in this article we focus on the exteriority of domestic sceneries, understood as living the outdoors. Looking out the window, going out to the balcony, to the ground foor, walking along a corridor street, going through internal paths until reaching an urban street; daily experiences based on having the user as the center. A bridge is a man crossing a bridge.

Ejidos, Urbanization, and the Production of Inequality in Formerly Agricultural Lands, Guadalajara, Mexico, 1975–2020

The ejido is an institution of communal land tenure and governance administered by the Mexican government. This paper assesses the current visual appearance of landscapes and implicit land use in ejidal lands on the periphery of Guadalajara, Mexico, using Google Street View (GSV) images tagged for signs of urban distress. Distressed landscapes are associated with the temporal process of urban expansion—newer settlements tend to be more visibly impoverished. Concentrations of vulnerable housing are correlated with encroached-upon ejidal lands in a process that was underway by the 1970s, well before Mexico’s neoliberal turn. Ejidos on the urban periphery, created to support agricultural communities during Mexico’s radical period of agrarian reform, are now sites of urban sprawl and impoverishment. Nevertheless, these communities remain legally salient as federal entities with respect to the disposition of land. Their presence complicates the historical evolution of land use in the urban periphery in ways that do not fit into classical central place models. We conclude that the presence of ejidos is associated with rapid and chaotic urbanization by migrants and the loss of agricultural capacity in Guadalajara’s periphery.

Non-response to Early Warning: A Comparative Study of Three Recent Cyclones in Bangladesh

This study aims to explore the different reasons that influence people's decision on responses to early warning. A questionnaire survey, key informant interviews and focus group discussion have been applied to obtain data from the study area for this study. The research reveals that jerry-built roads, fear of theft, disbelief and mistrust about warnings, lack of awareness about hazards and the poor state of the cyclone shelters are the main reason for nonevacuation during cyclones. Besides, past experiences of warning failures, superstitious religious beliefs, fatalism, safety issues for women also worked to influence people's decision to leave their houses during the warning periods. This study calls the attention of the disaster planners at these crucial findings for taking an immediate step to improve the conditions and save lives in future cyclones. It is highly dangerous to stay at the vulnerable houses during cyclones. The practical implementation of a good disaster preparation plan can be futile if inhabitants are no-responsive to the warning. This study recommends improvement of infrastructures, proper maintenance and construction of shelters, improved security at evacuated houses and the shelters alongside the awareness programs for the inhabitants of the vulnerable locations. It is expected that these interventions will increase the efficiency of the cyclone preparedness plan for future cyclones in Bangladesh.
 The Dhaka University Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 8(1), 2019, P 53-60