Abstract
The ejido is an institution of communal land tenure and governance administered by the Mexican government. This paper assesses the current visual appearance of landscapes and implicit land use in ejidal lands on the periphery of Guadalajara, Mexico, using Google Street View (GSV) images tagged for signs of urban distress. Distressed landscapes are associated with the temporal process of urban expansion—newer settlements tend to be more visibly impoverished. Concentrations of vulnerable housing are correlated with encroached-upon ejidal lands in a process that was underway by the 1970s, well before Mexico’s neoliberal turn. Ejidos on the urban periphery, created to support agricultural communities during Mexico’s radical period of agrarian reform, are now sites of urban sprawl and impoverishment. Nevertheless, these communities remain legally salient as federal entities with respect to the disposition of land. Their presence complicates the historical evolution of land use in the urban periphery in ways that do not fit into classical central place models. We conclude that the presence of ejidos is associated with rapid and chaotic urbanization by migrants and the loss of agricultural capacity in Guadalajara’s periphery.
Highlights
Guadalajara and its metropolitan region (Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara, AMG) compriseMexico’s second largest urban area
Whereas there are scattered images tagged as impoverished throughout the metropolitan area, most of the points appear in clusters around the periphery of the central city in areas that only became urbanized beginning in the 1970s
Of the points strongly associated with impoverishment at the level of 0.85 or higher, 641 are within the band of urbanization derived from remote sensing (RS) data for 2014
Summary
Guadalajara and its metropolitan region (Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara, AMG) comprise. Modernization attracted increased migration from the hinterland and exacerbated precarity, food insecurity, and land loss These factors contributed to the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution in 1910, with Guadalajara representing a key national nexus of urban development and migration. This socio-spatial phenomenon intensified after World War II as automobility, industrialization, and migration expanded dramatically. The population of the municipality of Guadalajara grew rapidly after 1960, totaling nearly 1.5 million residents by 2010 [2]. The AMG comprises eight municipalities with over 4.6 million inhabitants located in the central region of the state of Jalisco. The Guadalajara metropolitan area currently ranks second behind Mexico City’s metropolitan area in total population among all Mexican urban areas [2]
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