Vulnerable Group Of Young People Research Articles

Outcomes for high-risk young people referred to secure children’s homes for welfare reasons: a population record linkage study in England

Purpose Secure children’s homes (SCHs) restrict the liberty of young people considered to be a danger to themselves or others. However, not all young people referred to SCHs find a placement, and little is known about the outcomes of the young person after an SCH or alternative placement. The purpose of this paper is to understand which characteristics most likely predict allocation to an SCH placement, and to explore the outcomes of the young people in the year after referral. Design/methodology/approach A retrospective electronic cohort study was conducted using linked social care data sets in England. The study population was all young people from England referred to SCHs for welfare reasons between 1st October 2016 to 31st March 2018 (n = 527). Logistic regression tested for differences in characteristics of SCH placement allocation and outcomes in the year after referral. Findings In total, 60% of young people referred to an SCH were allocated a place. Factors predicting successful or unsuccessful SCH allocation were previous placement in an SCH (OR = 2.12, p = 0.01); being female (OR = 2.26, p = 0.001); older age (OR = 0.75, p = 0.001); and a history of challenging behaviour (OR = 0.34, p = 0.01). In the year after referral, there were little differences in outcomes between young people placed in a SCH versus alternative accommodation. Originality/value The study raised concerns about the capacity of current services to recognise and meet the needs of this complex and vulnerable group of young people and highlights the necessity to explore and evaluate alternatives to SCHs.

The stories behind stories: Reflections on the role of voice in research with unaccompanied refugee youth

The stories behind stories: Reflections on the role of voice in research with unaccompanied refugee youth

‘He knows he is safe; you are the safety net’. Key adult intervention with children with attachment difficulties: the TAs perspective

Children and young adults who are ‘looked after’ can present teachers and teaching assistants with a variety of day‐to‐day classroom challenges and a range of complex behaviours due to adverse childhood environments. This group of vulnerable young people have very complex social and emotional behaviours that require a considered approach of support and interventions. The types of interventions deployed in schools, however, may depend on staff knowledge, staff self‐confidence, and interpersonal skills to support the child's learning and complex behaviours. An example of an intervention is the key adult intervention programme, which is purported to develop staff knowledge and self‐confidence when working with looked after children. training in key adult intervention occurred at a special school, which had a high percentage of looked after children, situated in an East Midlands town. The purpose of the study was firstly to support the children through in‐depth knowledge development for supporting staff, and secondly to investigate staff confidence and understanding of the needs of looked after children. In addition, supporting factors of the key adult intervention and a discovery of any barriers to its implementation were sought. Using a mixed methods approach, data were collected from participating staff using questionnaires and focused conversations. Qualitative data were analysed using Cresswells six‐step process. Findings suggest that the key adult intervention is an effective means to support staff confidence and understanding and offer support for looked after children. Recommendations for future practice include increased training and support for teaching assistants, teachers and the school community as a whole. In addition, targeted professional and emotional support for the teaching assistants deployed, and increased communication between senior leaders and teaching assistants is crucial. The current research, therefore, adds to existing literature by providing an evaluation of the key adult intervention within a special school setting with evidence gathered from teaching assistants.

Patterns of homelessness and housing instability and the relationship with mental health disorders among young people transitioning from out-of-home care: Retrospective cohort study using linked administrative data.

ObjectivesThe study examined the relationship between mental health, homelessness and housing instability among young people aged 15–18 years old who transitioned from out-of-home in 2013 to 2014 in the state of Victoria, Australia with follow-up to 2018. We determined the various mental health disorders and other predictors that were associated with different levels of homelessness risk, including identifying the impact of dual diagnosis of mental health and substance use disorder on homelessness.MethodologyUsing retrospective de-identified linked administrative data from various government departments we identified various dimensions of homelessness which were mapped from the European Topology of Homelessness (ETHOS) framework and associated mental health variables which were determined from the WHO ICD-10 codes. We used ordered logistic regression and Poisson regression analysis to estimate the impact of homelessness and housing instability respectively.ResultsA total homelessness prevalence of 60% was determined in the care-leaving population. After adjustment, high risk of homelessness was associated with dual diagnosis of mental health and substance use disorder, intentional self-harm, anxiety, psychotic disorders, assault and maltreatment, history of involvement with the justice system, substance use prior to leaving care, residential and home-based OHC placement and a history of staying in public housing.ConclusionsThere is clearly a need for policy makers and service providers to work together to find effective housing pathways and integrated health services for this heterogeneous group of vulnerable young people with complex health and social needs. Future research should determine longitudinally the bidirectional relationship between mental health disorders and homelessness.

Psychological and lifestyle predictors of mental health in higher education: how healthy are our students?

PurposeThe continued increase in mental health problems in students in higher education is a global public health concern. This study aims to examine the predictors of mental health in the context of higher education, focusing on first-year female undergraduate students as a particularly vulnerable group.Design/methodology/approachTwo hundred first-year female undergraduates from a UK Higher Education Institution took part in a quantitative survey. Participants completed a range of questionnaires assessing resilience, perceived stress, levels of depression, hope, general anxiety and levels of exercise.FindingsTwo significant individual predictors of depression were identified: perceived stress and resilience. A mediation analysis showed that resilience acted as mediator for the impact of stress on depression. Two significant individual predictors of anxiety were identified: stress and exercise. There were no significant mediators.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time a range of psychological and lifestyle predictors of mental health while exploring potential mediators have been investigated. From the findings, the authors suggest that psychoeducational interventions targeting resilience while also providing problem-solving strategies could augment internal resources and promote positive mental health in this particularly vulnerable group of young people.

Understanding and addressing Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE) in residential care in Northern Ireland using a qualitative case study design: The residential social care worker perspective

BackgroundChildren in state care are one of the most vulnerable group of young people for sexual exploitation in today's society, with those in residential care being particularly vulnerable. The links between being in residential care and sexual exploitation are well recognised but are not well understood. ObjectiveThis exploratory qualitative case study aimed to reflect the perspective of residential social care workers in Northern Ireland regarding the challenge of Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE) in residential care and to identify strategies to protect these children. Participants and settingSix semi-structured interviews were conducted with residential social care workers, audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. MethodsData was analysed using Braun and Clarke's (2006) six-step methodology for reflexive thematic analysis. ResultsSix themes were identified: (i) risk; (ii) reasons to engage/agency; (iii) vulnerability; (iv) identifying child sexual exploitation; (v) responding to child sexual exploitation; (vi) the residential social care workers experience. ConclusionThe findings indicate that sexual exploitation is a common concern amongst residential social care workers in Northern Ireland but that they often feel unable to successfully intervene. Further, current safeguarding procedures may require significant revision as a result of the internet generally and social media in particular increasing predatory access to children in residential care. The study highlights an urgent need for easier access to psychological support for children in residential care, outreach support services, and more clinical psychological input for residential social care workers. Purposely assembled support teams for children in residential care may be necessary.

Improving the Sexual Health of Young People (under 25) in High-Risk Populations: A Systematic Review of Behavioural and Psychosocial Interventions.

Background: Ensuring young people experience good sexual health is a key public health concern, yet some vulnerable groups of young people remain at higher risk of poor sexual health. These individuals require additional support to achieve good sexual health but the best way to provide this remains needs to be better understood. Methods: We searched for randomised controlled trials of behavioural and psychosocial interventions aimed at promoting sexual health in high-risk young populations. Outcomes of interest were indicators of sexual health (e.g., condom use, attitudes to contraception, knowledge of risk). Participants were under 25 years old and in one of the following high-risk groups: alcohol and other drug use; ethnic minority; homeless; justice-involved; LGBTQI+; mental ill-health; or out-of-home care. Results: Twenty-eight papers from 26 trials met our inclusion criteria, with all but one conducted in North America. Condom use was the most frequently reported outcome measure along with knowledge and attitudes towards sexual health but considerable differences in measures used made comparisons across studies difficult. Change in knowledge and attitudes did not consistently result in long-term change in behaviours. Conclusions: There remains a dearth of research undertaken outside of North America across all high-risk groups of young people. Future interventions should address sexual health more broadly than just the absence of negative biological outcomes, with LGBTQI+, homeless and mental ill-health populations targeted for such work. An international consensus on outcome measures would support the research field going forward, making future meta-analyses possible.

Social inclusion, intersectionality, and profiles of vulnerable groups of young people seeking mental health support.

headspace centres provide enhanced primary mental healthcare for young people. A priority is to provide services for all young people irrespective of a range of social disadvantages or social exclusion. The aims of this study were to: (i) delineate extent of social inclusion across domains of housing, studying/employment, functioning, alcohol, and other drug use; and (ii) map profiles of young people deemed vulnerable to experiencing additional barriers to accessing services based on their social inclusion domains (e.g., those living in unstable housing, not in employment/education, and/or experiencing intersecting or multiple forms of disadvantage or difficulties), including detailing their clinical characteristics. Young people were recruited from five headspace centres. Data relevant to social inclusion were examined. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine overlap between vulnerable groups, functional, social, clinical, and behavioural factors. 1107 young people participated, aged 12-25years (M = 18.1years, SD = 3.3), most living in stable housing (96.5%) and engaged in studying/employment (84.8%). Specific vulnerabilities were evident in young people with NEET status (15.2%); in unstable accommodation (3.5%); of culturally diverse backgrounds (CALD) (12.2%); living in regional areas (36.1%); and identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer/questioning, and asexual plus (LGBTIQA+; 28.2%). Higher levels of distress, substance use, functional impairment, and lower social support were reported by those who were NEET and/or in unstable housing. LGBTIQA+ status was associated with high distress, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Most participants reported good social support, stable housing, and engagement in work or education. Those deemed vulnerable were likely to experience social exclusion across multiple domains and reported more mental health problems. The co-occurrence of mental ill-health and social exclusion highlights the importance of integrated mental healthcare.

Home and Leisure Accidents in children and young people from 0 to 19 years old in Portugal 2018

Abstract Background Injuries and accidents are a challenge for public health considering their impact on victims and their families, especially in the younger, and also the potential for prevention and predictability. Due to specific characteristics of children and young persons related to the need of exploration and curiosity injuries namely those occur in domestic and leisure time, including the school setting are a topic of particular interest and study. This study aimed to characterize the occurrence of Home and Leisure Accidents (HLA) using hospital Emergency Department (ED) registered in EVITA system, in victims between 0 and 19 years old considering the injury mechanism, place of occurrence and products involved in the accident, in 2018, in Portugal. Methods Were analysed data from the EVITA system, fed by the HLA registry at the ED of the Hospitals National Health that participate in this system. The frequency and distribution of HLA were analysed according to the injury mechanism, place of occurrence and products involved. Results and Discussion In 2018, there were 38 528 ED attendances due to HLA 35,0% of the victims were between 10-14 years old; 23,7% had 5-9 years; 22,8% between 15 and 19 years old and 18,5% had under 4 years old. The results show more frequently HLA in males (59,0%) than in females (41,0%). In children under 4 years old 67,8% of the HLA occurred at home, due to fall (68,6%), having as products most involved the bed (10,2%) and chair or bench (7,5%). Between 5 and 9 years old, most HLA occurred at school (44,5%) due to fall (62,9%), involving ball (15,1%) and scooter/tricycle/bike (6,8%). In young people between 10 and 19 years old 47,7% of HLA occurred at school, due to fall (54,6%), having as main agents involved ball (28,7%) and scooter/tricycle/bike (20,3%). This information reinforces the importance of this problem but it is necessary future lines of research in order to point out the determinants of this mechanisms of injury. Key messages The National Injury Surveillance System provides information that allows to know the characteristics and underlying causes of HLA that occur in children and young people. These data provide useful information for public health professionals working in the field of injury prevention among this vulnerable group of young people.

Identifying barriers to and facilitators for educational inclusion for young people who offend

Aim:The purpose of this study was to identify the reasons for educational underperformance amongst youth offenders and explore how to increase their successful participation and reintegration back into education. It also aimed to identify facilitators and barriers to inclusion and diversity at various systemic levels, such as society and education for this vulnerable group of young people.Method/Rationale:Educational outcomes for youth offenders are frequently poor at a time when qualifications and good literacy and numeracy skills are increasingly important for employment. This study retrieved the Youth Offending Service (YOS) data on the educational needs, uptake and provision of 283 youth offenders within one Local Authority (LA) and, through interviews with adult providers and young people, explored the barriers and facilitators for youth offenders’ engagement in education.Findings:The majority of those of school age (N=124) were educated at a Pupil Referral Unit (PRU), while the majority of those above school age (N=159) had no provision recorded. Of those of school age, 19 per cent had a Statement of Special Educational Needs recorded (now an Education and Health Care Plan, or EHCP), 33 per cent had no EHCP, and for 48 per cent this information was missing. Interviews with providers and young people identified a common thread relating to the importance of strong and stable relationships. Poor communication at all levels of the system was frequently cited as a problem, but where supportive networks existed, these facilitated positive educational outcomes.Limitations:The quantitative data describes a picture of high need but there is also a lack of available information in particular areas (such as where and if young people are in education).Conclusions:This study reinforces the idea that services can improve when there is a good and coherent professional system with effective working relationships, as these are key to supporting this vulnerable group of young people. The Educational Psychologist (EP) is well placed to provide a supportive role at all levels of the system, and to improve educational outcomes and inclusion for youth offenders.

Perceived Needs for Mental Health Care Among Emerging Adults With Cancer

The challenges of living with cancer can compound the normative stresses of navigating emerging adulthood and have long-term psychiatric consequences. However, there is a lack of information on the mental health services required by this potentially vulnerable group of young people. This study estimated the prevalence of mental disorder among emerging adults (EAs) with cancer and examined their perceived needs for mental health care. Data from 5,590 individuals (15–29 years) who participated in the Canadian Community Health Survey—Mental Health were used in the analyses. The prevalence of mood or substance use disorder among those with cancer ( n = 42) was 42.9% compared to 32.2% among controls. EAs with cancer had higher odds of reporting unmet perceived needs for mental health care, OR = 7.72, 95% CI [1.85, 28.57]. This suggests an opportunity to improve future health services aimed at addressing the mental health care needs for EAs with cancer and potentially, other long-term chronic conditions.

An Emerging Mental Health Concern: Risk Factors, Symptoms, and Impact of Internet Gaming Disorder

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is an emerging mental health condition in increasing number of countries as it leads to a variety of negative consequences and poor psychological well-being among adolescents. The awareness and understanding of the risk factors, symptoms, and impact of IGD are relevant to its proper diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this study is to highlight these risk factors based on existing literature that contribute to IGD including its symptoms and impact on the life of the adolescents. Relevant findings were drawn through a scoping review on IGD pertaining to its risk factors, symptoms including neurological dimension, and impact among adolescents. A synthesis of results on studies pertaining to IGD shed light on the priority afforded to IGD and aims to raise awareness on this serious current health issue affecting a vulnerable group of young people.

BUILDING AND DEVELOPING A HYBRID SHARING PLATFORM FOR THE ECOSYSTEM OF YOUTH SOCIAL INTEGRATION

The article is devoted to the issues of shaping and improving the conceptual approach to building a hybrid sharing platform for the ecosystem of youth social integration as well as facilitating environmental stress reducing actions on the territory. The sharing platform operation relies on the principles of sustainable development, long-term economic growth, social cohesion and reintegration, and environmental protection. These principles are embodied in the growth and development of regions exhibiting social strain, finding a balance between economic and social progress, in support for the social integration of youth and the empowerment of vulnerable population groups, especially young people, ensuring equal access to education, and environmental protection of territories. Application of a combination of such approaches to arranging a platform will ensure the implementation of innovative strategies for socioeconomic, educational, entrepreneurial and environmentally conscious activities; help to mitigate social tension by creating additional jobs, reducing unemployment, overcoming poverty and shaping modern, innovative active youth generation capable of creating their own business to improve the quality and standard of living. The key idea of this study is that integration into the university ecosystem of a new structure – the hybrid sharing platform for the ecosystem of youth social integration – will promote integrated interaction of interactive tools of the innovation chain of human capital development within a new paradigm. A new understanding of educational and innovation policy priorities and creating an appropriate institutional environment for effective ecosystem performance based on the hybrid sharing platform will contribute to further human potential development, enhancing professional, legal and environmental consciousness and awareness of youth subject to national priorities and global trends in research and technology, foster social and psychological reintegration of vulnerable groups of young people to active socioeconomic and labor activities.

Methamphetamine use in an early psychosis service: a cross-sectional retrospective cohort study.

Methamphetamine-associated psychotic symptoms are common among regular users, and can overlap with the emergence of a primary psychotic disorder. In contrast to previous research, this retrospective observational study aims to describe the characteristics of young people experiencing early psychosis who use methamphetamine regularly. We also aimed to investigate associations between regular methamphetamine use and markers of psychosocial functioning, psychosis outcomes and substance use. This study involved 116 young people (19 using methamphetamine regularly) referred to the Camperdown Early Intervention in Psychosis Service from January 2015 to January 2016. Variables including demographic information, psychosocial functioning and psychosis outcomes were collected on referral to the service, updated throughout treatment and at discharge. There were significant associations found between regular methamphetamine use and a criminal history (p<0.001), regular cannabis use (p=0.002) and regular nicotine use (p<0.001). This study suggests that in early psychosis, regular methamphetamine use could signify a subgroup of young people who use multiple substances and may engage in criminal activity. Addressing substance use in early psychosis may be an important treatment target for this vulnerable group of young people.

Young people boost resilience and confidence through Shakespeare

Provider Coram and National Theatre Name Young People programme Summary Participating in a theatre production has boosted the confidence and prospects of a group of vulnerable young people

Drawing the threads together: How emerging technologies can help integrate the health care needs of children and young people in out-of-home care

Introduction: This presentation describes the progress of the and Young People in Out-of-Home Care Innovation Fund Integrated Care project currently being undertaken by Children's Health Queensland.Children and young people in out-of-home care (OOHC) are subject to many levels of disadvantage including socio-economic disadvantage and trauma. In comparison to the general population, they experience poorer mental and physical health outcomes in childhood and adolescence, which continue into adulthood. There are more than 8000 children and young people in OOHC in Queensland. There is a recognised lack of coordination in their health care. The young people, their carers and the Child Safety workers negotiate a fragmented system - primary versus specialist care, and public versus private services - without clear roles and responsibilities among providers, and lacking oversight of each young person's health management. Paediatricians have historically taken a lead role in advocating for this vulnerable group of young people, however, the health needs of this group are diverse and primary care is positioned to be the first site of comprehensive assessment in a tiered approach, supported by the expertise of paediatricians and other staff within Hospital and Health Service child protection units. Practice Change: This project is developing an integrated system of health assessment and management for children and young people in OOHC that maximises the input of the primary sector, while allowing efficient digital communication between primary and tertiary care providers. The specific innovative elements of this project are: Pioneering collaboration between primary health care and Queensland Health settings at a level of engagement that has not been attempted or achieved previously. Development of a secure, shared digital platform for the documentation of the young person’s health status, with integrated multi-user management planning capability. Scalability of the piloted system to other groups of paediatric patients and across the State. Aim and Theory of Change: The aim of this project is to create an infrastructure and clinical tools to support the co-ordinated health assessment and management of children and young people in out-of-home care. Targeted Population: Children and Young people in out-of-home care residing in the Brisbane region are being targeted for this study. Stakeholders: Key Stakeholders include Department of Communities, Child Safety and Disability Services; Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Community Health Service; participating general practices and individual practitioners; and hospital Child Protection Units and Paediatricians. Timeline: the project commenced January 2017 and has a projected end date of June 2019. Sustainability: After initial set-up costs, efficiencies in health service utilisation and worker capacity will be immediate, and sustainable over the long term. Transferability: The platform will be built with the view to scaling the project across the state. Furthermore, the integrated information technology system will be scalable to many different groups of clients across the health system. Conclusions: Project progress will be discussed including the successful collaboration between the stakeholders and early development of the clinical tools. Delays include the complexities involved in building the integrated information technology system. A successful parallel project will also be highlighted.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИ УЯЗВИМЫЕ ГРУППЫ МОЛОДЕЖИ В СТРАНАХ ОЭСР И РОССИИ

The article is dedicated to the analysis of economically vulnerable categories of youth in OECD and Russia with particular focus on the comparative analysis of various characteristics of NEETs. Labour force participation of young people in the developed countries decreased during 2000&ndash;2015 which was associated not only with the cyclical crisis, but also with an increase in the proportion of young people who continue their education. The new statistical indicator &ndash; NEET-reflects the ratio of those young people who are not in employment, education or training. Thus, it should identify economically vulnerable groups of young people who experience difficulties with the transition from school to work. The article states that NEET should not be regarded as the only indicator of economic deprivation of young people. The reasons for the drop out from education and employment can be diverse. The category of NEET unites young people with different experience in employment, personal characteristics and life goals. For some of them economic inactivity is a voluntary choice. That is why one should always consider differences in NEET types. However, the majority of NEET group consists of economically vulnerable young people who definitely need support from the state. In OECD countries about 60% of all NEETs got in this state due to some disfunction of the labor market, and the remaining 40% &ndash; due to some social or medical reasons. Countries of Southern Europe are characterized by the highest proportion of long-term unemployed and desperate NEETs, reflecting the tough character of youth labor market adjustment to the crisis. The risk of falling into the NEET group as a whole is higher among young women and those who have low levels of education. Effective youth policy is impossible without the consideration of all aspects of youth labor market. This is relevant both to developed and transition economies, including Russia. In Russia the share of NEET youth has been declining over the past twenty years and now is at the level of European mean values. At the same time the structure of NEET youth in Russia is dominated not by the unemployed, i.e. those actively seeking work, but by economically inactive young people who are outside the labor market. One of the most disturbing features of the structure of Russian NEET youth is an increase in the proportion of young graduates with higher education. It points to the difficulties of matching between education and labor market which can come as a result of so called massovization of higher education.

Integrációs dilemmák a magyarországi NEET populációval kapcsolatban

This paper focuses on a particularly vulnerable group of young people within the contemporary Hungarian society, so called: NEET (Not in Employment, Education or Training). On those youngsters who are unemployed, and not taking part in any education or training system. In this work, the author tries to put into words his own integration dilemmas relating to the Hungarian NEET group. The thinking was basically guided by a study of KOVÁCH et al. (2016), The integration and stratification models of Hungarian society. Some stratification models were researched in that study and in this paper some of these will be com-pared with the Hungarian NEET, the work tries to identify their possible positions in the different models, and reflects on some dilemmas relating to the integration of the Hungarian NEET group. The present research focuses on three stratification models: occupational groups, status groups and latent classes, then on the integration/disintegration model. The study tries to place the Hungarian NEET group in the first three models, and reflects on their situation then, looking at the integration/disintegration model, draws conclusions on the integrability of the Hungarian NEET group.

Vulnerable young people’s experiences of child and adolescent mental health services

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences of vulnerable young people in using a local child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS).Design/methodology/approachA mixed methods design was employed in which participants completed the self-report Experience of Service Questionnaire (CHI ESQ) (n=34), and a subgroup completed individual semi-structured interviews (n=17). CHI ESQ satisfaction data were also compared with a national data sample provided by the Child Outcomes Research Consortium (n=621).FindingsMany young people appeared to have a mixed or negative experience of the CAMHS service. They strongly emphasised that feeling listened to, cared for, and supported, in addition to access and continuity of care, are key methods to enhance their experience. They also reported a lack of knowledge and stigma associated with mental health as key barriers to engagement with services more widely.Research limitations/implicationsPurposive sampling was used to recruit a carefully defined group of vulnerable young people from one school using a single CAMHS service.Practical implicationsA number of recommendations were identified that could enhance the service experience of young people.Originality/valueThere is a significant paucity of knowledge regarding young people’s views and experiences of CAMHS, especially those with high vulnerability for mental health difficulties. This exploratory study offers methods for capturing the opinions of underrepresented young people to inform future service design.

Rethinking traditional behaviour management to better support complex trauma-surviving students

Children and adolescents who have survived complex trauma have suffered the type of ongoing and repeated traumatic experience that includes factors such as physical, sexual, and/or emotional abuse, significant neglect, and/or family violence. Complex childhood trauma (sometimes referred to as paediatric or child maltreatment-related post traumatic stress disorder (De Bellis and Kuchibhatla, 2006) can have a significant impact on the developing nervous system which can lead to impairment in the capacity to relate and to emotionally self-regulate. During the schooling years, this can lead to the presentation of concerning school behaviours that schools tend to respond to with equally as concerning punitive consequences, often involving practices of exclusion. This article will emphasize the importance of schools accessing and then encompassing learnings from neuroscience into their behaviour management policies and practices. Neuroscience has provided an extra explanatory framework to complement understandings of student behaviour drawn from the clinical sciences. It is not only explaining why and how some of these student behaviours occur, but is also providing a different template of possibility for enhancing the educational and life outcomes for this vulnerable group of young people through more effective and more inclusive school practices.