Vulnerable Communities Research Articles

Numerical simulation and application of nature based solutions to solve bank erosion in hydrosystems

Nature based solutions (NBS) have been successfully applied in developed nations. Its application in developing countries is however still incipient to some extent. Moreover, very few studies have addressed its implementation in the domain of large river systems, which have been exposed to ever increasing anthropogenic pressure in the last decades. The Magdalena River is the main waterway in Colombia, and it exhibits one of the largest sediment loads in South America. This contribution presents the successful operationalization (i.e., hydrological and hydraulic analysis, as well as numerical simulation) of sediment traps for sedimentation control and bank stabilization of the right bank of the Magdalena at Magangué Municipality (lower Magdalena) through wooden sustainable alternatives. The NBS simulation and intervention assessment indicates that the traps effectively restored the bank shore in the critical sector of the study area. To the best of our knowledge, the intervention in question is one of the first of its kind in the region. The numerical results indicate that these traps were able to reduce the exposure of vulnerable communities, not only to floods, but also to negative hydrodynamic changes associated to climate change. Thus, the contribution currently described can potentially provide for practitioners and decision makers a guide for the application of NBS in river engineering, and, for scientists, valuable insights into processes associated with NBS in different environments. We posit that the operationalization of NBS in developing countries needs to be institutionally encouraged through, for example, the construction of a database of successful interventions, and the establishment of methodological guidelines.

COVID-19’S IMPACT ON FOOD STALL WORKERS: NIGHT MARKETS’ RESILIENCE IN PENANG, MALAYSIA

The COVID-19 pandemic has left an enduring mark on Southeast Asia, with lasting repercussions on financial markets, employment, and gender equality in the workplace. Various activities were halted in order to curb the virus’s spread, which dealt a severe blow to Malaysia’s thriving economy. The informal sector, a cornerstone of the Asia-Pacific service industry, felt these effects acutely, as it heavily relies on informal workers. Given that more than three quarters of Malaysia’s service sector comprises informal workers, the country’s economic recovery is now significantly reliant on this workforce. Considering the contribution of the informal sector to Malaysia’s food market, this study aims to explore the impact of social shocks and economic crises on the resilience of informal workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a multistage probability sampling method, the study employed a questionnaire survey involving Penang’s food stalls in night markets. Findings reveal significant variations in workers’ lifestyles, attitudes, and family dynamics. Gender-related factors also exert a substantial influence on their behavior, attitudes, and engagement levels. While many studies have examined night markets as tourism spots in terms of how to increase sales or attract visitors, this study is among the first to focus on the vendors themselves, exploring the impact of COVID-19 on food stalls as an unseen vulnerable community.

Predictors of No-Shows and Cancellations in an Outpatient Neuropsychology Clinic in a Large Healthcare System.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate potential predictors of no-shows and late cancellations in an outpatient clinic within a large healthcare system serving vulnerable communities. Demographic data and appointment status were recorded for 537 consecutive patients scheduled for neuropsychological evaluation in an outpatient psychiatry clinic. Patients include 220 males and 317 females with an average formal education of 11.01 years (SD = 3.87) and age of 55.64 years (SD = 16.20). The overall rate of no-shows or late cancellations was 20%. Of the 106 patients who no-showed/late cancelled, 41% rescheduled, and of those, 23% missed or late cancelled their second appointment. No-shows and late cancellations were associated with historical/prior no-show rate, while race/ethnicity and activation of MyChart had slight impacts. These data suggest that prior no-show rates and MyChart access may be targets for interventions to improve show rates. This is important for the patients' gaining access to care as well as minimizing financial strains for the system and increasing wait times/delays to care for other patients.

Оценка жизнестойкости сельских сообществ Ненецкого автономного округа

The concept of resilience is applied to complex social systems to describe the ability of a territory (or settlement) or local community to recover from external shocks. In this context, resilience complements the concept of sustainable development by revealing the mechanisms that enable systems to regenerate during crises. In recent decades, various approaches for assessing urban resilience, including that of Arctic cities in high-risk zones, have been developed in scientific literature. However, a comprehensive methodology for assessing the resilience of Arctic rural communities has not yet been fully developed or tested. The goal of this article is to assess the resilience of several rural communities in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO), followed by their comparison and classification. Drawing on Russian researchers' experience in measuring the resilience of Arctic cities, the authors propose their own methodology for assessing the resilience of Arctic rural communities. This methodology involves measuring 11 resilience indicators, which are aggregated into a comprehensive resilience index (R-index). The R-index enables the ranking of Arctic rural communities by their resilience levels. In the course of the study, all surveyed rural communities were classified into four groups based on R-index values: 1) isolated communities with low resilience; 2) vulnerable communities prone to external shocks; 3) administrative centers of rural municipalities with moderate resilience; 4) large and stable rural communities. The primary differentiating factors among these communities include geographical location, transport links and logistics, the structure of local economies, and demographic resources. Overall, Arctic rural communities exhibit a high level of social capital. The novelty of this study lies in its application of the community resilience concept to Arctic rural areas, contributing to a deeper understanding of the factors that shape their development potential. Future research should expand the geographical scope of the study and conduct larger surveys to improve the accuracy and reliability of rural community resilience assessments.

The ties that bind: Understanding the mental health consequences of the Windrush Scandal and hostile immigration policies on survivors in the UK

The Home Office Windrush Scandal of 2018 has had major implications for the wellbeing of survivors and is thought to have affected more than 15,000 individuals. The Government led compensation scheme to provide retribution to those impacted has been consistently argued as insufficient, in part linked to under appreciation of mental health consequences of the scandal. However, there is limited evidence which documents the nature of mental health issues that survivors and families have faced. This need for further evidence intersects with the need to protect a highly vulnerable community from further traumatisation. Our study contributes to this gap through a content analysis of survivor testimonies (n= 96) published in publicly available media sources between 2018 and 2023. Analysis explored both pathways to the development of mental health distress and experiences of potential mental health consequences (conditions). Our analysis was informed by a complex trauma and racial trauma framework. Findings demonstrate that the scandal disrupted numerous social domains linked to livelihoods and positive wellbeing, driving survivors into homelessness, and experiences of dehumanisation within state systems. This shaped survivors’ experiences of emotional distress, resulting in symptoms linked to depression, chronic stress, and anxiety disorders. Our work illuminates new details about the nature of trauma faced by survivors. Findings support calls for support survivors systems that provide targeted mental health supports and address the disrupted social areas of individuals lives and if they are to fully respond to the harms created by the scandal.

Integrated environmental and clinical surveillance for the prevention of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in indoor environments and vulnerable communities (Stell-ARI): Protocol.

The epidemiological relevance of viral acute respiratory infections (ARIs) has been dramatically highlighted by COVID-19. However, other viruses cannot be neglected, such as influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, human adenovirus. These viruses thrive in closed spaces, influenced by human and environmental factors. High-risk closed communities are the most vulnerable settings, where the real extent of viral ARIs is often difficult to evaluate, due to the natural disease progression and case identification complexities. During the COVID-19 pandemic, wastewater-based epidemiology has demonstrated its great potential for monitoring the circulation and evolution of the virus in the environment. The "Prevention of ARIs in indoor environments and vulnerable communities" study (Stell-ARI) addresses the urgent need for integrated surveillance and early detection of ARIs within enclosed and vulnerable communities such as long-term care facilities, prisons and primary schools. The rapid transmission of ARIs in such environments underscores the importance of comprehensive surveillance strategies to minimise the risk of outbreaks and safeguard community health, enabling proactive prevention and control strategies to protect the health of vulnerable populations. This study consists of designing and validating tools for integrated clinical and environmental-based surveillance for each setting, coupled with analytical methods for environmental matrices. The clinical surveillance involves specialized questionnaires and nasopharyngeal swabs for virus identification, while the environmental surveillance includes air and surface microbiological and chemical monitoring, and virological analysis of wastewater. Integrating this information and the collection of behavioural and environmental risk factors into predictive and risk assessment models will provide a useful tool for early warning, risk assessment and informed decision-making. The study aims to integrate clinical, behavioural, and environmental data to establish and validate a predictive model and risk assessment tool for the early warning and risk management of viral ARIs in closed and vulnerable communities prior to the onset of an outbreak.

Project: Malecón Buenaventura, Urban Regeneration For The Southern Area of The Island of Cascajal

Objective: The objective of this research is to generate the solution from the urban planning of informal settlements located in the southern area of Cascajal Island, which have been settled in an ancestral way on low-water strips which are declared as goods for public use by the Colombian State, being the same in constant illegality; establishing the following specific objectives: Interpret the current regulations, given in Law 185/59, Decree Law 2424/84 and Agreement 03/01; constituting the baseline of urban planning, to generate new urban fiscal land, and minimize the non-mitigable risk. Carry out urban planning; taking into account the instruments of complementary planning; developed through six units of urban actions. Theoretical reference: On the goods of public use (bajamares) it is impossible to establish legal processes for formal habitats; therefore, they must be converted into fiscal assets in favor of the District of Buenaventura, to solve the settlements towards the required formality, taking into account the incidence towards the normative framework of the current territorial order given by Law 185/59 and Decree Law 2324/84 Method: The methodological approach was qualitative of analytic-relational type, through the normative interpretation of Law 185/59 and Decree Law 2324/84 in relation to the current territorial order; and whose data collection instruments were the documentation of normative files and government sources of district level linked to the ownership of fiscal assets Result and conclusion: The expected results showed the proposed resolution as a dynamic of the urban law towards the specific implication for the territorial ordering; which raises that they must contemplate the particularities of the territories and from there generate the solutions that solve the socioeconomic, urban and environmental problems that by the inability of the State itself are perpetuated in time and where the same rules do not allow to generate the solutions. Implications of the research: The urban solution proposed, demonstrates the effectiveness within urban law, of the specific regulatory interpretations on the territorial ordering Originality/Value: The research on the solution of informal settlements on low-water areas in the city of Buenaventura (southern area of Cascajal Island); presents a significant originality and value for the welfare state of the poorest and most vulnerable communities, contributing to their quality of life.

Mapping Research Trends in Global Climate Change Adaptation to Flood Disasters: A Bibliometric Analysis using VOSviewer

Using a bibliometric analysis, this study aims to map the research trends and thematic developments in climate change adaptation to flood disasters. Data from 812 publications, spanning from 1996 to 2023, were retrieved from the Scopus database and analyzed using VOSviewer software to visualize keyword co-occurrence networks. The analysis identified five key thematic clusters: adaptation strategies and resilience (180 publications), urban planning and green infrastructure (150 publications), flood risk management (85 publications), early warning systems (60 publications), and socio-economic impacts such as health and displacement (100 publications). Over time, research output has significantly increased, particularly after 2015, with publications peaking at 150 in 2023. Regionally, Asia leads the research output with 200 publications, followed by Europe (180 publications) and North America (120 publications). The findings highlight a shift toward sustainable, nature-based solutions and the integration of advanced technologies such as machine learning in flood management. The increasing focus on the socio-economic dimensions of flood adaptation, particularly in vulnerable communities, underscores the need for more inclusive approaches. Future research should prioritize underrepresented regions, such as Africa and Latin America, and foster interdisciplinary collaboration to address the complex challenges of climate-induced floods.

Period poverty, menstrual health and menstrual (in)justice in the context of social work – in the opinions of students and graduates of social work

Menstruation, until recently treated as a purely biological phenomenon, is beginning to be perceived as a social phenomenon, becoming the subject of research, scientific theorizing and publications. Third-sector organizations are being formed to tackle period poverty, promote menstrual health and work for menstrual justice. Menstrual poverty and broadly understood menstrual inequalities are often experienced by socially vulnerable individuals, families, groups and communities, who become social welfare institutions and social work service users. The article presents selected results of a survey with participation of social work students (current and graduates) on their perception of the relationship between social work and the elimination of menstrual poverty, the promotion of menstrual health and the prevention of menstrual injustice.

Impact of shifting from rice to shrimp farming on migration aspirations in Bangladesh

AbstractThe Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna delta is one of the most populous deltas in the world, threatened by diverse environmental stressors, including salinity intrusion, causing adverse consequences on livelihood adaptation. Shrimp farming has been recognized as one of the most practiced livelihoods among various livelihood opportunities. Growing global demand and higher economic returns encouraged many farmers to convert their agricultural land to shrimp farms by intruding saline water into the farmlands to produce shrimps. In this study, we investigated whether the growing trend of shrimp farming influences the migration aspirations of the vulnerable coastal communities in Bangladesh. The study employed qualitative interviews with individuals in four villages in southwest coastal Bangladesh. Satellite images were analyzed to detect land-use changes and changes in soil salinity in the last 28 years, confirming a rapid increase in shrimp farms. Results from the qualitative interviews indicate that poor people with limited resources cannot produce paddy on their land because of increased soil salinity caused by shrimp farming. Such a situation leads them to aspire to migrate. Thus, our analysis contributes to the discourse on “aspiration and capability” in environmental migration by adding the impacts of land-use changes on livelihoods.

Exploring women's empowerment and adaptive capacity in Chepang communities of Chitwan, Nepal

Women in poorer countries are disproportionately impacted by climate change due to existing gender inequality. Empowering women is critical for building adaptive capacity to climate change and improving the resilience of families and communities. However, insufficient studies exist on the link between women, climate change, and their adaptability, leading to policies that overlook the significance of empowering women. This study examines the link between women's empowerment and adaptive capacity to climate change in a Chepang community in Nepal. Surveys of 190 households in the Chitwan district were conducted, measuring women's empowerment across six attributes and adaptive capacity across five attributes. Statistical analyses including PCA and FAMD were used to create indices for these factors. The study used OLS regression to assess the effect of women's empowerment on adaptive capacity. Results show that women's empowerment significantly impacts household adaptive capacity. This highlights the need for prioritizing women's empowerment, to enhance climate resilience in vulnerable communities. The findings have implications for policymakers and practitioners, advocating for gender-inclusive strategies to bolster community-level climate resilience.

Amplifying concerns: An exploration of community noise levels in rural communities impacted by wood pellet production

Wood pellets are increasingly promoted as a renewable and sustainable energy source, driving the global wood pellet market to a projected value of $16 billion by 2026. However, the rapid expansion of this industry disproportionately affects predominantly Black and low-income communities in the rural South, where approximately 100 pellet manufacturing plants are currently located in the United States. From August 2023 to March 2024, we conducted a noise exposure assessment in Gloster, Mississippi, a community affected by pellet production, and compared it to Mendenhall, a nearby community without industrial activity. In collaboration with a local organization, we measured noise metrics and found significantly higher A-weighted, C-weighted, and Z-weighted sound levels in Gloster, along with elevated decibels at multiple center frequencies. These findings suggest that wood pellet manufacturing can severely alter the soundscape of rural communities, raising environmental justice concerns. Our findings underscore the importance of investigating the cumulative health impacts of noise and other environmental burdens on these vulnerable communities to better inform policy.

Assessing the Implications of Deforestation and Climate Change on Rural Livelihood in Ghana: a Multidimensional Analysis and Solution-Based Approach.

The Ashanti region in Ghana, abundant in natural resources such as forests and vegetation biomes, significantly supports the livelihoods of a significant portion of the population. The sustainable management of forest resources remains a significant challenge to achieving environmental and economic growth and poverty alleviation. The study aims to identify the drivers of deforestation and assess its impact on the livelihoods of the poor and vulnerable communities in the Ashanti region. The study utilized qualitative and space-based data to examine the patterns of vegetation cover and deforestation from 2000 to 2020. The results revealed moderate to sparse vegetation in Ashanti from 2002, 2005, 2011, 2015, 2017, and 2018, with no vegetation in the northcentral part, attributed to climate change, agricultural practices, government policies, and deforestation-related disasters. The study found a significant correlation (R² = 0.8197) between years and deforestation areas, especially in 2018 at around 16,000 Sqkm, indicating an exponential increase with severe implications for sustainable livelihoods. Much of these changes were reflected in 2020 with a high peak of deforestation towards the southeastern parts of the region. Additionally, the results show that the poor groups are not passive actors but are actively involved in identifying systems and processes through which to build their adaptive capacity and resilience to environmental and climate change-induced changes. The findings provide evidence-based and all-inclusive approaches that would encourage vulnerable and marginalized groups to participate in the co-production and co-creation of policies and strategies. This outcome is geared towards transformative and sustainable communities while ensuring efficient and effective response and recovery capacities of deforested lands.

Exploring gender-specific mental health status and socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on slum dwellers in Khulna City corporation, Bangladesh

BackgroundCOVID-19 has devastated every aspect of life worldwide, where slum dwellers are particularly vulnerable due to persistent inequities. This study aims to explore the socioeconomic and gender-specific mental health impacts of COVID-19 on slum dwellers.MethodologyGeneralized ordered logistic regression with auto-fit was performed to identify predictors of socioeconomic and mental health conditions among the participants. Data analysis was conducted using Stata software, with a 95% confidence interval and p-value less than 0.05.ResultsThe study found that males who were smokers and lost their jobs during the pandemic were more prone to experience severe mental health problems. Over 60% of females experienced moderate mental health issues due to the use of unimproved sanitation facilities. Moreover, females who received support during the pandemic and lived in areas with fixed garbage disposal had less probability of experiencing severe mental health issues.ConclusionImplementing community-based initiatives that promote social integration, providing skill-building opportunities, and addressing economic vulnerabilities may significantly improve the mental well-being of this vulnerable community. Collaboration between the Government and stakeholders is essential to address critical needs, such as proper garbage disposal and gender-segregated sanitation facilities, to build a sustainable community.

Envisioning ecological security through local direct action: community resistance with global resonance

ABSTRACT As climate change becomes a pressing concern for policymakers and citizens around the world, a variety of security discourses have emerged framing the environment as a security issue. While dominant frameworks focus on securing national interests, the international order, or individuals, the ecological security framework presents an alternative discourse. Ecological security requires a refocusing of the security discourse onto the environment itself, vulnerable communities, and future generations, and requires the exploration of alternative, relational forms of social and economic organisation. This framework has often been discounted as an impractical and radical alternative to dominant discourses, however, I argue that ecological security can, and is, being enacted by local communities around the world through radically relational activist methodologies. I suggest that direct action methodology employed by environmental activists can enable the enactment of ecological security by local communities. By investigating the connections and overlaps between blockade-style activism, direct action methodology, and Indigenous resurgence, it is possible to envision a locally-based, radically relational, bottom-up model of ecological security. Through an investigation of the conflict between Wet’suwet’en land defenders and the Coastal GasLink pipeline, this community-activist-ecological security nexus is drawn out and examined as a possible path forward for climate security.

A development and implementation of a preconception counseling program for black women and men in the southeastern United States: a pilot protocol.

Racial/ethnic disparities in maternal mortality rates represent one of the most significant areas of disparities amongst all conventional population perinatal health measures in the U.S. The alarming trends and persistent disparities of outcomes by race/ethnicity and geographic location reinforce the need to focus on ensuring quality and safety of maternity care for all women. Despite complex multilevel factors impacting maternal mortality and morbidity, there are evidence-based interventions that, when facilitated consistently and properly, are known to improve the health of mothers before, during and after pregnancy. The objective of this project is to test implementation of pre-conception counseling with father involvement in community-based settings to improve cardiovascular health outcomes before and during pregnancy in southeastern United States. This study has two components: a comprehensive needs and assets assessment and a small-scale pilot study. We will conduct a community informed needs and assets assessment with our diverse stakeholders to identify opportunities and barriers to preconception counseling as well as develop a stakeholder-informed implementation plan. Next, we will use the implementation plan to pilot preconception counseling with father involvement in community-based settings. Finally, we will critically assess the context, identify potential barriers and facilitators, and iteratively adapt the way preconception counseling can be implemented in diverse settings. Results of this research will support future research focused on identifying barriers and opportunities for scalable and sustainable public health approaches to implementing evidence-based strategies that reduce maternal morbidity and mortality in the southeastern United States' vulnerable communities. Findings will demonstrate that preconception counseling can be implemented in community health settings in the southeastern United States. Furthermore, this study will build the capacity of community-based organizations in addressing the preconception health of their clients. We plan for this pilot to inform a larger scaled-up clinical trial across community health settings in multiple southeastern states.

A Study of Gender Perspectives on Farmers' Livelihood Resources in a Dryland Farming Community of Lombok Island, Indonesia

Aim: A case study on Lombok Island, Indonesia, examined livelihood resources among rain-fed rice farmers from a gender perspective. Study Design: Using a descriptive approach, the study purposely selected dryland and rain-fed farming communities reliant on agriculture. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in the southern part of Lombok Island between December 2023 to January 2024. Methodology: Data from 30 respondents (15 male, 15 female farmers) assessed livelihood resources across human, natural, financial, social, and physical aspects. Analysis employed categorical techniques and mode calculations. Results: Male farmers predominated in managing human resources and natural resources such as land and water ownership. Females excelled in household water use, technology adoption, and accessing financial aid. Both genders managed income and savings similarly, with males showing greater agricultural knowledge and communication skills. Conclusion: These insights underscore the nuanced gender dynamics in resource management and highlight the need for gender-responsive policies to foster sustainable livelihoods in vulnerable dryland communities.

Doing Community Amid Tension and Vulnerability: Involvement and Control in Older Adults’ Accounts of Their Neighbourhood

Rather than fixed entities, urban communities are in a constant process of making: They are practised in and through everyday relational settings and are therefore necessarily tension‐laden. Drawing from focus group interviews with older adults living in the third‐largest city in Finland, we aim to further the understanding of “doing community” amid tensions and vulnerability. We analyse older people’s accounts of their everyday dealings and doings in their neighbourhood with an emphasis on the intensities of involvement and control when relating with others. As a result, four types of relational settings are identified: being‐with others; cooperation with others; contesting and being contested by others; and ruling and being ruled by others. Through close reading of each type, we illustrate the variety in which older adults negotiate involvement and control. To conclude, we propose that, in addition to previously identified privacy and access, involvement and control are significant dimensions of the relational settings of belonging in an urban community. We suggest that focusing on involvement and control may particularly well illuminate the position of neighbourhood residents in vulnerable circumstances. Therefore, involvement and control offer a useful extension for analyses of doing community through everyday encounters and practices.

Spring Water Quality in a Flood-Prone Area of Kampala City, Uganda: Insights Furnished by Sanitary and Limnochemical Data

For millennia, springs have provided water for drinking, domestic use, balneological treatment, liminality rites as well as tourist attractions. Amidst these uses, anthropogenic activities, especially urbanization and agriculture, continue to impair the functionality of springs. With the looming decadal climate change, freshwater springs could be a sustainable source of clean water for the realisation of Sustainable Development Goal 6. This paper presents the results of the sanitary inspection and assessment of limnochemical characteristics and quality of water samples (n = 64) from four freshwater springs (coded SPR1, SPR2, SPR3, and SPR4) in Kansanga, a flash flood-prone area in the African Great Lakes region of Uganda. Each sample was analysed for 17 parameters (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, fluorides, sulphates, chlorides, nitrates, orthophosphates, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, potassium, sodium, total, magnesium and calcium hardness) following the standard methods. Water quality index (WQI) was calculated to establish the quality of the water samples based on the physicochemical parameters measured. Based on the sanitary risk assessment results, the springs had medium- to high-risk scores, but most water parameters were within the WHO guidelines for potable water, except for nitrates (in SPR1 and SPR2), hardness levels (in SPR2), and dissolved oxygen (in all the samples). Sampling season and location had significant effects on the limnochemistry of the freshwater springs (p < 0.05). The water quality indices calculated indicated that the water from the springs was of good quality (WQI = 50–57), but there was a reduction in water quality during the wet season. The best water quality was recorded in samples from SPR4, followed by those for SPR3, SPR1, and SPR2. These results provide insights into the contribution of floods and poor sanitation facilities to the deterioration of spring water quality in Kansanga, and the need to leverage additional conservation strategies to support vulnerable communities in the area. Further studies are required to establish the risk posed by trace metals and microbes that may contaminate freshwater in the studied springs, especially following flood events.

Health Workers in Sexual and Gender Based Violence (SGBV) Care for Refugees: Insights from Frontline Health and Humanitarian Professionals in Rhino Camp Refugee Settlement, Uganda

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, a marked global increase in cases of Sexual and Gender Based Violence (SGBV) has been noted (Johnson et al. 2020). In the refugee settlements of Uganda, this is dramatically illustrated by an escalating crisis of teenage pregnancies (UN Women 2020; Diallo et al. 2023). During lockdowns, conflicts among families and couples increased and vulnerable community members, particularly children and young people, were exposed to heightened risks of abuse (Datzberger et al. 2023). For the humanitarian community, the escalation of the past years highlights the urgent need to sustainably improve SGBV prevention, care and case management in refugee settings.