Vulgaris Extract Research Articles

Biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Hypericum perforatum and Origanum vulgare extracts and their main components, hypericin and carvacrol as promising antibacterial agents.

To evaluate the anti-bacterial activities of titanium dioxide (TiO) nanoparticles of Origanum (O.) vulgare and Hypericum (H.) perforatum extracts, carvacrol and hypericin against Staphylococcus (S.) aureus. In this study, TiOnanoparticles of O. vulgare and H. perforatum extracts, carvacrol and hypericin, were prepared and their antibacterial effects were evaluated against Staphylococcus (S.) aureus. In this study, scanning electron microscope, fourier transform infrared spectrometer, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential were used to investigate the structure of synthesized drugs. Anti-bacterial activity of synthesized NPs was tested by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration and disc diffusion method. MICs of TiO-NPs synthesized using O. vulgare, H. perforatum, carvacrol and hypericin and TiO were obtained 250, 62.5, 250, and 250, and 500 μg/mL, respectively. The MBCs for all of these were obtained 1000 μg/mL. Green-synthesized of TiO nanoparticles provides a promising approach to the use of O. vulgare and H. perforatum, carvacrol and hypericin as novel agents and safer antibacterial compounds, especially anti-S. aureus compounds.

Effect of dietry Origanum vulgare extract on Immunological responses of Basa fish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) against Aeromonas hydrophila infection.

Effect of dietry Origanum vulgare extract on Immunological responses of Basa fish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) against Aeromonas hydrophila infection.

Gravimetric and Statistical Data Analysis of the Protection Performance of <i>Aloe vulgaris</i> and <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> Leaf Extracts on 1070 Aluminum and Mild Steel

The protection performance Aloe vulgaris (AV) and Nicotiana tabacum (NT) leaf extracts on 1070 aluminum (Al) were separately studied while the combined admixture of the extracts (AVNT) on mild steel (MS) was also studied in 3.5% NaCl solution by gravimetric analysis. Data output showed AV and NT effectively stifled the redox reaction process responsible for Al corrosion in NaCl with protection performance data above 98% throughout the exposure hours signifying strong resilience of the extract molecules withstanding the corrosive anions and thermodynamic stability with respect to exposure time. AVNT performed effective on mild steel at relatively lower efficiency, but with final values above 80% efficiency. Statistical data for standard deviation shows the degree of variation of protection performance data for AV, NT and AVNT extracts from mean value is minimal signifying consistent data value with respect to exposure time. Data also showed 100% of AV and NT protection performance data are above 98% efficiency value at +0% margin of error while 14.29% of AVNT protection performance data are above 95% efficiency at margin of error of +14.97%. Data from analysis of variance shows AV extract concentration and observation time strongly influences the performance out of AV at rated value of 42.06% and 29.41%. NT extract concentration solely dominated the performance output of NT at 95.37% while the performance of AVNT was independent of its concentration with values below threshold significance. However, AVNT performance varied significantly with observation time signifying progressive improvement in performance in over time.

Study of the optical properties of ZnO semiconductor nanoparticles using Origanum vulgare and its effect in Rhodamine B degradation

In this work, the effects of different Oregano (Origanum vulgare) extract concentrations on the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were studied and their effects on the Band gap values and photocatalytic application in Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation. During the green synthesis of ZnO NPs, a zinc ion source is used as the metal precursor and another of natural extracts as stabilizing agents; with this regard, here in Origanum vulgare extracts were used at 0.1%, 0.5% and 4% (% weight-volume). In order to define the ZnO NPs properties, they were characterized by FTIR, XRD, UV-Vis, HR-TEM, XPS and photoluminescence. In the FTIR analysis, the Zn-O bond can be seen at 384 cm−1; by means of XRD, the hexagonal crystalline phase of ZnO is distinguished (Wurtzite). The extract concentration used influences the ZnO NPs crystallite size and Band gap values as well as the degradation percentage of RhB. The ZnO NPs hold irregular shapes, the majority of which are oval with certain spherical tendencies and they vary in size distribution, which ranges from 37 to 8 nm, the smallest sizes resulting from the highest extract concentrations. The Band gap values are 2.94, 2.77, and 2.29 eV for ZnO-OV-0.1%, ZnO-OV-0.5% and ZnO-OV-4%, respectively, rising as the extract concentrations increase. These materials present good photocatalytic activity, nonetheless, the ZnO NPs synthesized using 4% extract showed the best results, degrading 94.24% of RhB in 100 min in UV light and 93% in 180 min in solar light.

Corrosion mitigation by an eco-friendly inhibitor: Beta vulgaris (beetroot) extract on mild steel in simulated oil well water medium

Corrosion mitigation by an eco-friendly inhibitor: Beta vulgaris (beetroot) extract on mild steel in simulated oil well water medium

Comparing the histological effect of Thymol from multiple sources with blood lipids profile and liver enzymes in Albino Mice

The therapeutic value of the phenolic component and pure thymol was well known; this study comprised the extraction of crude phenol from two plants (Thymus vulgaris and Artemisia annua) which contain thymol with pure thymol and evaluate their effect on hematological and histological by using three different concentrations of each plant extract and pure thymol to tested them on lab mice. All the mice were allowed free access to water and feed for 21 days in laboratory conditions; orally, pure water was administered to the control mice (group I), while groups II, III, and IV were given orally with T. vulgaris, A. annua, combination of last two crude phenol plant extract 50:50 and pure thymol respectively. The levels of CHO, TRI, and HDL were significantly reduced in A. annua and T. vulgaris crude phenolic extract at 20 mg/ml as compared to the control treatment, while pure Thymol at 10 mg/ml gave the best result in reducing the levels of CHO, TRI, and HDL. In comparison to the control group, serum levels of liver enzymes in groups treated with in A. annua, T. vulgaris extract, and pure Thymol were substantially reduced in concentration: 20, 10 and 30 mg/ml, respectively.

Phenolic compounds from Thymus vulgaris, Artemisia annua extracts and pure Thymol were tested against twenty Pseudomonas spp. strains for antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities

The widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has resulted in antibiotic resistance for many human bacterial infections, making multi-drug resistance a significant challenge in the treatment of infectious diseases. The antibacterial impact of phenolic plant extracts has been studied in new and different ways. The phenolic extract of Thymus vulgaris, Artemisia annua and pure thymol were used to study bacterial biofilm formation. In addition, the experiments were carried out to determine the lowest inhibitory concentrations in order to evaluate the antibacterial impact (MICs) against 20 isolations of Pseudomonas species. In this report, the plant extract was analyzed by HPLC techniques to determine the Thymol value. Although the Thymus vulgaris and Artemisia annua phenolic plant extracts and pure thymol concentrations (50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125, 1.250 and 0.006 mg/ml) (W/V)) were used through antibiotic and biofilm inhibition assay. The best results of MICs of T. vulgaris, A. annua extract and pure Thymol against bacteria isolates were 5.000 mg/ml, 1.250 mg/ml and 0.006 mg/ml, respectively. Stimulatory, the effect of T. vulgaris, A. annua extract and pure Thymol on biofilm formation were gave 10 mg/ml, 5mg/ml and 0.006 mg/ml respectively.

Effects of herbal extracts (Foeniculum vulgare and Artemisia annua) on growth, liver antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology and microorganism of juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides

The effects of diets supplement Foeniculum vulgare extract (FE) and Artemisia annua extract (AE), single or combined, on the growth, liver antioxidant capacity and intestinal flora immunity of Micropterus salmoides were investigated. Largemouth bass juvenile (10.77 ± 0.02 g) were divided into 4 groups and each group was fed with diets supplemented with or without the medicinal herb extracts (additive quantity: 0.05%) for 8 weeks. The results showed that the largemouth bass fed with diets supplemented with AE or a combination of the FE and AE (FAE) significantly enhanced the specific growth rate (SGR) and feed intake (FI). Furthermore, the largemouth bass fed with two medicinal herbs alone or in combination significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and CAT) and their gene expression levels, and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver (P < 0.05). In addition, AE supplement also significantly increased the number of intestinal villus, affected the intestinal bacterial structure, increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Enterococcus, and decreased the abundance of Plesiomonas in the intestine(P < 0.05). Bugbase phenotypic prediction analysis indicated that fish fed with AE remarkably upregulated gram-positive bacteria and downregulated gram-negative bacteria, while potential pathogenicity was obviously reduced (P < 0.05). All in all, this study revealed that AE can enhance the liver antioxidant capacity, improve intestinal morphology and regulate intestinal flora, thus promoting the growth of largemouth bass, and can be used as a feed additive to improve health and promote growth of fish.

Immunomodulatory Properties of Polysaccharide-Rich Young Green Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Extract and Its Structural Characterization.

Young green barley (YGB) water extract has revealed a beneficial impact on natural killer (NK) cells’ ability to recognize and eliminate human colon cancer cells, without any side effects for normal colon epithelial cells. The direct anticancer effect of the tested compounds has been also shown. The mixture of oligosaccharides found in this extract was characterized by chemical analyses and via FT-IR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF MS techniques. The YGB preparation contained 26.9% of proteins and 64.2% of sugars, mostly glucose (54.7%) and fructose (42.7%), with a small amount of mannose (2.6%) and galactose (less than 0.5%). Mass spectrometry analysis of YGB has shown that fructose oligomers contained from 3 to 19 sugar units. The number of fructans was estimated to be about 10.2% of the dry weight basis of YGB. The presented results suggest the beneficial effect of the consumption of preparations based on young barley on the human body, in the field of colon cancer prevention.

The Insight of In Silico and In Vitro evaluation of Beta vulgaris phytochemicals against Alzheimer's disease targeting acetylcholinesterase.

B. vulgaris extracts possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory along with its role in improving memory disorders. Subsequently, in vitro and in silico studies of its purified phytochemicals may expand complementary and alternative Alzheimer’s therapeutic option. Super activation of acetylcholinesterase enzyme is associated explicitly with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) ultimately resulting in senile dementia. Hence, acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition is employed as a promising approach for AD treatment. Many FDA approved drugs are unable to cure the disease progression completely. The Present study was devised to explore the potential bioactive phytochemicals of B. vulgaris as alternative therapeutic agents against AD by conducting in vitro and in silico studies. To achieve this, chemical structures of phytochemicals were recruited from PubChem. Further, these compounds were analyzed for their binding affinities towards acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. Pharmacophoric ligand-based models showed major characteristics like, HBA, HBD, hydrophobicity, aromaticity and positively ionizable surface morphology for receptor binding. Virtual screening identified three hit compounds including betanin, myricetin and folic acid with least binding score compared to the reference drug, donepezil (-17 kcal/mol). Further, in vitro studies for anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of betanin and glycine betaine were performed. Dose response analysis showed 1.271 μM and 1.203 μM 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for betanin and glycine betaine compounds respectively. Our findings indicate that phytoconstituents of B. vulgaris can be implicated as an alternative therapeutic drug candidate for cognitive disorders like Alzheimer’s disease.

Sustainable biosynthesis of metallic silver nanoparticles using barberry phenolic extract: Optimization and evaluation of photocatalytic, in vitro cytotoxicity, and antibacterial activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria

The contamination of water resources by various pollutants such as organometallic compounds and organic pollution is one of the major challenges in all over the world. In the past few years, the cost-effective and eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles using environmentally friendly approaches have been developed among scientists. In this research, we synthesized silver nanoparticles by the rapid, inexpensive and eco-friendly process using Berberis vulgaris (B. vulgaris; BV@AgNPs) extract, for the first time. Optimized product was obtained by controlling the molar ratio of raw materials, temperature, contact time, and pH of the reaction. The biosynthesized BV@AgNPs were used as a catalytic, antibacterial, and anticancer agents. The obtained oval and spherical-like BV@AgNPs were characterized by different analytical techniques, including TEM, FESEM, UV–Vis, EDX, XRD, and FT-IR. Characterization of the BV@AgNPs showed the average crystalline size of 45–60 nm and spherical morphology with only few agglomerated particles. The photocatalytic efficiency of BV@AgNPs was determined by degradation of methyl orange in various concentrations of nanocatalyst under sunlight irradiation. The BV@AgNPs exhibited high photocatalytic degradation (97.82%) in short time. The synthesized BV@AgNPs was tested for antibacterial activity using the Mueller-Hinton broth method. Furthermore, the antibacterial effect of the synthesized BV@AgNPs was studied against seven clinically isolated multidrug-resistant bacteria. The MIC value of BV@AgNPs against P. mirabilis (PM-2), E. coli (EC-2), E. faecalis (EF-2), S. aureus (SA-2), A. baumannii (AB-2), P. aeruginosa (PA-2), and K. pneumonia (KP-2) were 1.56, 0.4, 0.8, 1.56, 0.5, 0.4, and 6.25 µg/mL. Determination of the cytotoxic effect of the biosynthesized BV@AgNPs were carried out using two types of cell lines, human gastric cancer cell line (AGS, IC50 = 3.16 µg/mL) and human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7; IC50 = 9.37 µg/mL). These findings suggested that B. vulgaris extract mediated silver nanoparticles can be used in various fields including industrial wastewater treatment and biomedical.

In vitro Antibiosis of Chlorella vulgaris Extract against the Phytopathogen, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Chlorella vulgaris extracts against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia CSK1 isolated from a diseased cucumber fruit. To this end, water, methanol and ethanol were used separately as solvents to extract the active compounds from the dried Chlorella vulgaris. S. maltophilia CSK1 was identified using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing at 99.93% of identity level. The identity of the bacterial strain CSK1 was confirmed by phylogenetic analyses. CSK1 was clearly clustered with the reference strain, S. maltophilia MTCC 434 (JALV01000036). The antibiosis of the extract against S. maltophilia CSK1 was estimated using agar well diffusion method. Unlike water and ethanolic extracts, the methanolic one exhibited an inhibition of CSK1 (zone of inhibition 13.4 mm), indicating the antimicrobial activity of this extract. No zone of inhibition was formed around ethanolic and water extracts, indicating that both exhibited no-observed effect against the growth of CSK1. This can be attributed to the active constituents in the extract which may varies based on various factors including the polarity of solvent used in the extraction process. The inhibitory effect of the methanolic extract against the S. maltophilia CSK1 obtained from the diseased cucumber fruit could open the door for potential application of such active ingredient within this extract against this bacteria in future.

Iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized using plant(Beta vulgaris and Punica granatum) extracts for a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) cytotoxic assay

ABSTRACT We successfully developed a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) cytotoxic assay using iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) prepared by mixing Beta vulgaris and Punica granatum extracts with iron chloride (III) salts at 200°C for 2 h using a simple chemical method. IONPs were diagnosed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and photoluminescence (PL). XRD measurements exhibited a crystallite size of 38 and 37 nm with hexagonal and cubic structures for IONPs made using two plant (Beta vulgaris and Punica granatum) extracts, respectively. FE-SEM images revealed that the average IONP grain size was 44.81 and 29.77 nm for the two plant extracts, respectively, and PL measurements showed that the band edge emission was 2.64 and 2.60 eV, respectively, for IONPs. The IONPs were applied as a medical treatment for a human breast cancer cell line, and the inhibition rate% results were found to be relatively high and interesting (59.4% and 76.3%, respectively, for MCF-7).

Effects of Artemisia Vulgaris Extract on Apoptotic Index and Caspase-8

Background. Worldwide incidence of breast cancer is still high. Surgical intervention is mainly used as primary treatment with other supplementary modality such as chemoterapy, radioterapy, and immunotherapy such as Artemisia vulgaris (AV). This study was aimed to analyze the increase in apoptotic effect response of adriamycin-cyclophosphamide on C3H mice model of adenocarcinoma breast cancer provided with Artemisia vulgaris extract.&#x0D; Methods. This research is a post-test only control group design. Twenty four C3H mice were randomly selected and put into 4 groups: K (control group), P1 (Chemoterapy only), P2 (extract only) and P3 (chemoterapy-extract combination). Breast adenocarcinoma was taken from inoculated donor mice. Chemoterapy regiment of 0.18 mg Adriamycin and 1.8 mg Cyclophosphamide were given in 2 cycles. Thirteen miligrams (0.2 mL) of AV extract was given orally once daily. Apoptotic index and Caspase-8 expression were graded with immunohistochemistry stain.&#x0D; Results. Mean value of p53 and caspase-8 expression in K, P1, P2, P3 groups were 22,06 + 1,73, 37,16 + 1,20, 24,60 + 1,08, 39,78 + 1,19 and 17.16 + 1,28, 26,20 + 1,11, 24.60 + 1,08, 39,78 + 1,19, respectively. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in apoptotic index between group K vs P1, P3 (p = 0,001), P1 vs P2 (p = 0,001), P1 vs P3 (p = 0,035), P2 vs P3 (p = 0,001) and for Caspase-8 between K vs P1, P3 (p = 0,001), K vs P2 (p = 0,048), P1 vs P2 (p = 0,001), P1 vs P3 (p = 0,039), P2 vs P3 (p = 0,001). We found a significant correlation between apoptotic index and Caspase-8 expression. (p = 0,047 and r = 0,883).&#x0D; Conclusion. Artemisia vulgaris can increase the adriamycin-cyclophosphamide chemoterapy effectiveness on C3H Mice Model of Breast Adenocarcinoma.

Effect of dietary barberry fruit (Berberis vulgaris) extract on immune function, antioxidant capacity, antibacterial activity, and stress-related gene expression of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii)

Barberry fruit (BF) has a long history as a folk remedy due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cholagogic properties. This study was performed to determine the dietary effect of BF extract on serum and skin mucus immune parameters, antioxidant status, and stress-selected gene expression in Siberian sturgeon. One hundred and fifty fish (30 ± 1 g initial weight) were fed with different levels of BF extract including 0 (control), 150, 300, 600, and 750 mg kg−1 for 8-week. After the feeding trial, the counts of white blood cells and lymphocytes were increased in BF-added groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The highest levels of serum complement component 4, lysozyme activity, and alternative complement were obtained in 750 mg kg−1 BF extract treatment (P < 0.05). The highest activities of protease, alkaline phosphatase, and esterase were obtained in the skin mucus samples of the fish fed with 750 mg kg−1 BF extract (P < 0.05). The group fed diets supplemented with 600 and 750 mg kg−1 BF extract showed the highest mucus lysozyme activity (P < 0.05). The activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were increased in fish treated with different levels of BF extract (P < 0.05), while malondialdehyde content was decreased in BF-added groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Heat shock protein and cytochrome P450 mRNA expressions were lowest in the 750 mg kg−1 BF extract treatment group, while the highest levels of both genes were found in the control group (P < 0.05). The results showed marked improved antibacterial capacity of Siberian sturgeon fed dietary BF against Streptococcus iniae, Yersinia ruckeri, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Lactococcus garvieae. This study unveiled the promising results of dietary BF extract, especially at 750 mg kg−1, in the regulation of immune and antioxidant defense systems along with the stress responses in Siberian sturgeon.

Evaluation of the Phytochemical and Pharmacological Potential of Taif's Rose (Rosa damascena Mill var. trigintipetala) for Possible Recycling of Pruning Wastes.

This study investigated the phytochemical contents of Taif’s rose pruning wastes and their potential application as phytomedicine, thereby practicing a waste-recycling perspective. In the Al-Shafa highland, four Taif rose farms of various ages were chosen for gathering the pruning wastes (leaves and stems) for phytochemical and pharmacological studies. The leaves and stems included significant amounts of carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, and other phenolic compounds. The cardiac glycoside and flavonoid contents were higher in Taif rose stems, while the phenolic and alkaloid contents were higher in the plant leaves. Cardiovascular glycosides (2.98–5.69 mg g−1), phenolics (3.14–12.41 mg GAE g−1), flavonoids (5.09–9.33 mg RUE g −1), and alkaloids (3.22–10.96 mg AE g−1) were among the phytoconstituents found in rose tissues. According to the HPLC analysis of the phenolic compounds, Taif’s rose contains flavonoid components such as luteolin, apigenin, quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, and chrysoeriol; phenolics such as ellagic acid, catechol, resorcinol, gallic acid, and phloroglucinol; alkaloids such as berbamine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, reticuline, isocorydine, and boldine. Warm water extract was highly effective against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris, whereas methanol and cold water extracts were moderately effective against Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. The study’s findings suggested that Taif’s rose wastes could be used for varied medical purposes.

Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima: A Valuable Food with High Added Health Benefits

The present study was conducted to evaluate a natural extract, obtained from the Beta vulgaris plant, for its phytochemical composition and its beneficial health effects. Therefore, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as identification and quantification of phenolic compounds by HPLC, were assessed in leaves’ extract. Moreover, antioxidant activities were investigated using free radical scavenging tests, (ABTS+ and DPPH+) and reducing power assay (FRAP) as well as ferrous ions’ (Fe2+) chelating activity. The Antiglycation effect was also evaluated, using the BSA-fructose model, and the antidiabetic effect was determined by inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Additionally, the in vitro antitumor effect was quantified using the MTT assay, and the antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Both aqueous and methanolic extracts exhibited potential antioxidant capacity with a higher effect for the methanolic extract. Furthermore, the in vitro antitumor activity of the methanolic extracts exhibited potent cytotoxic effects against two breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7. Moreover, Beta vulgaris extracts inhibit not only α-amylase and α-glucosidase, but also advanced glycation end-products’ (AGEs) formation, which would prevent diabetes’ complications. Beta vulgaris methanolic extract revealed also a high antibacterial effect against Proteus mirabilis and Bacillus subtilis. Taken together, these results revealed that Beta vulgaris leaves’ extracts constitute a valuable food and natural source of bioactive molecules that could be used for the development of new, natural drugs against cancer and diabetes.

In vitro antimicrobial activity of Thymus vulgaris extracts against some nosocomial and food poisoning bacterial strains

The antimicrobial resistance, food poisoning and nosocomial bacterial infections considered a global health burden contributing to high death and morbidity rate among hospitalized patients. Furthermore, cancer treatment is challenging owing to the severe side effects of chemotherapy. Against this background, there is a need for the formulation of novel antibacterial and carcino preventive agents. The T. vulgaris hexanic extract showed the highest suppressive effect against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Enterococcus faecalis with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.25 mg/disk while Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains were less susceptible recording 0.50 mg/disk. In contrast, the ethyl acetate extract of T. vulgaris revealed a superior antitumor potency against MCF7 breast cancer cell line with IC50 of 53.2 µg/mL compared to the other organic solvent extracts. The thyme extracts could be applied as potential anticarcinogenic and antibacterial agents against bacterial pathogens causing nosocomial and food poisoning infections.

Proliferation and differentiation of primary bovine myoblasts using Chlorella vulgaris extract for sustainable production of cultured meat

Recently, cultured meat obtained from livestock-derived cells is being considered as a sustainable food source that reduces the use of natural resources. This study aimed to show that nutrients extracted from Chlorella vulgaris were beneficial in the culture of primary bovine myoblasts (PBMs), a major cell source for cultured meat production. Nutrients (glucose, amino acids, and vitamins) present in the animal-cell culture media were effectively recovered from C. vulgaris using acid hydrolysis treatment. On culture in nutrient-free inorganic salt solution, cell death was induced in most PBMs after 6 days of cultivation. However, the addition of C. vulgaris extract (CVE) significantly improved PBM viability, which was comparable to the viability in conventional culture medium (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium). Furthermore, by adding horse serum to induce differentiation, the formation of myotubes was confirmed when CVE were used. Together, the results showed that CVE could be used as an alternative to the conventional culture medium for PBMs. These findings will not only lower the environmental risks associated with the establishment of this eco-friendly cell culture system, but also highlight microalgae as a potent nutrient source that can replace conventional grain-dependent nutrient sources.

Fimbristylis ovata and Artemisia vulgaris extracts inhibited AGE-mediated RAGE expression, ROS generation, and inflammation in THP-1 cells.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-021-00114-0.