Voting In Elections Research Articles

Bayesian approach and demo ethical foundations for sustainability: Reassessing the role of democracy in achieving equitable social transformation and sustainable development goals

This article is devoted to studying the principles of the relationship between democracy and demo ethics as tools for transforming the sustainable development of society. The study is based on the assumption that the effective functioning of democracy is associated with such social phenomena as elections and electoral behavior. The study examined electoral behavior and surveyed members of society about the qualities of candidates to which they pay special attention. An analysis of qualitative and quantitative data demonstrating the democratic foundations of elections of members of society was conducted, and an analysis of the choice of voters in the extraordinary elections of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan by region was conducted. In this study, Bayesian network modeling is experimentally applied to formalize the problem of identifying and analyzing the behavior of virtuous personality traits. A sociological survey of public opinion was conducted using the questionnaire method with the participation of 826 people from all regions of Kazakhstan from May to June 2023. A questionnaire was used to collect data, the main purpose of which was to compare attitudes and find out what values are considered important for people, what norms of behavior are considered acceptable, and to understand what values and norms prevail in society. It is concluded that the concept of demo ethics promotes a positive transformation of humanity and helps to form a new leader of virtue, a ruler of the city, capable of making ethical rational decisions that can ensure a balance between the economic, social, and environmental needs of humanity.

Shaping of the Woman Constituency in Indian Elections: Evidence from the NES Data

This article studies the patterns of women’s vote in the Lok Sabha elections in India in 2024. It draws upon the National Election Studies (NES) data of 2024 and of previous years to address three key questions related to women’s vote in Indian elections. The first is about the extent of Indian women’s political participation in the wake of increased turnout of women voters and the closing of the gender gap. The second question is about the extent of women’s support to the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP) as their favoured party. In the absence of conclusive evidence on gender-wise patterns of vote, there have been several tentative and speculative analyses regarding the increasing support of women voters to the BJP both at the regional and national elections, especially since 2014. The article uses the unique window of the NES data sets to understand and decipher women’s support for the BJP and other political parties on a timeline. Finally, from within the confines of the empirical evidence provided by the NES data sets, it also tries to address a rather nuanced question of the arrival of women’s agency in the electoral democracy in India. With the help of the NES data sets, it tries to understand whether women vote mainly as women, prioritizing their gendered identities over other kinds of identities, and whether their voting patterns indicate the arrival of an autonomous women’s constituency in Indian democracy.

An Empirical Analysis of Invalid Voting in Municipal Elections

ABSTRACTThis paper examines blank and null voting in Brazilian mayoral elections using a large dataset covering 5570 municipalities between 2000 and 2020. The study finds that more competitive elections reduce blank and null percentages, with re‐election scenarios leading to more valid votes. Blank and particularly null voting are found to be more prevalent in municipalities where a second round is possible. Economic factors and age categories also contribute to determine unconventional voting patterns. The results also highlight important differences between blank and null voting patterns and between urban and rural areas, the later suggesting that more sophisticated voters tend to be less prone to invalidate the vote.

Democracy and the ethics of voting

ABSTRACT This paper provides an overview of the ethical challenges facing voters in democratic elections. It starts by examining the assumptions that underpin contemporary claims about the moral and epistemic advantages of lotteries as compared to elections and shows their similarities to arguments for ‘unveiling the vote’, as Brennan and Pettit put it. (G. Brennan & Pettit, 1990) It looks at the empirical and normative difficulties of these claims and highlights the risk of confusing morally misguided voting with injustice, and of supposing that it must be politically consequential. Finally, the paper casts doubt on the claim that democracy implies that voters should be publicly accountable to each other for their vote and that the secret ballot is, therefore, a regrettable, if necessary, concession of principle to sad reality. It concludes by drawing out the implications of its analysis for the ethics of voting in ideal, non-ideal and highly non-ideal situations.

Understanding Schadenfreude in Politics: The Role of Big Five Personalities and Empathy

The euphoria of the Indonesian election has been replaced by an escalation of the conflict that is increasingly evident in society. The community seems to be looking for gaps in political figures and making jokes, both opponents and friends, even parties who are not part of the horizontal political conflict vortex. There is a phenomenon in a society where political events are used as material for good jokes and come from mistakes, politicians' mistakes become laughing stock, even being distributed as material for jokes together. The crisis of empathy is thought to make this phenomenon appear in society, but personality can also encourage the emergence of this behavior. This study aims to determine the role of empathy and personality in this case the big five personalities of voters against schadenfreude in election voters. Empathy is measured by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index scale, schadenfreude is measured by Schadenfreude, while the Big Five Inventory (BFI) scale is used to measure personality. 330 respondents were obtained in this study. This study uses a simple regression analysis and stepwise regression. The results of this study indicate that there is no role of empathy for schadenfreude in voters. Big Five Personality Traits have a stimulating role and a partial role towards schadenfreude, namely agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness traits. While the stimulant role between the Big Five Personality Traits on empathy was found in, there is a role partially between the traits agreeableness, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness to Schadenfreude to voters.

An Examination of the Age Restriction of First-Time Voters in Indonesia's Elections from the Perspective of Maqashid Sharia

An Examination of the Age Restriction of First-Time Voters in Indonesia's Elections from the Perspective of Maqashid Sharia

Strategic voting in two-round elections: confirming the learning hypothesis in the Czech presidential elections of 2013–2023?

ABSTRACT This paper explores whether strategic voting can also be identified in two-round electoral systems. We use aggregate data at the level of Czechia’s 206 microregions to assess the incidence of strategic voting in the Czech presidential elections using two-round elections between 2013 and 2023. We find the following evidence of a considerable rise of strategic voting in the 2023 presidential election: (1) rise of support for the two strongest candidates nationally, as well as at the level of individual microregions; (2) decline of strategic failure and sincere voting indicated by shifting values of the second-first loser ratio; (3) increased electoral competition approaching strong competitive two-party dominance as shown by Nagayama diagrams. These results point to the importance of the ‘learning hypothesis’ that strategic voting in new democracies tends to increase as voters (but also political elites) become more experienced with the electoral process. Furthermore, while we present a case study of a Czech presidential election, we also make an important contribution to the literature on strategic voting. Therefore, a theoretical contribution of this study also lies in its effort to apply the Duvergerian logic to a very different context of presidential elections in which electoral competition is highly personalised.

Pola Preferensi Politik Pemilih Pemula Di Kota Makassar

First-time voters are a fairly large segment of voters. This shows that First-Time voters are a large resource in politics in Indonesia. Indonesia as a democratic country certainly expects every element of society to be actively involved in every democratic process, including the first-time voter segment. First-time voters as an important segment then have quite good political awareness. Through this political awareness, a pattern of political preference formation will then be formed. First-time voters as a large political resource are of course highly expected to be able to participate, at least voting in elections. So far, existing research regarding First-time voters only places as mere objects. However, this research then examines in more depth the patterns of political preference formation that will influence the political behavior of first-time voters. This research is qualitative research with primary data obtained through in-depth interviews with high school students as research informants. Based on the research conducted, it appears that First-time voters in Makassar City have quite good political awareness, which is an implication of their better political knowledge. So, when making choices in an election, First-time voters have a tendency to make their own choices based on their political preferences. The pattern of forming political preferences of first-time voters is sociology, rationality and psychology. Keywords: Firs-time voters, Political Preferences, Political Awareness

Pengaruh Media Sosial Terhadap Partisipasi Pemilih Pemula Pada Pemilihan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden Tahun 2024

In presidential elections or head of state elections, of course, the people have the right to participate in politics both in voting and being elected. General elections or elections are still considered the most tangible form of public participation in the administration of government. One of them is participation through social media which is often used by teenagers who are also known as beginner voters. With the development of the age, social media has become a part of daily life, especially for the younger generation. This study aims to find out whether there is an influence of social media on the participation of novice voters in the presidential election, to find out how much influence social media has on the participation of the presidential election, and to find out what factors can affect the participation of novice voters in the presidential and vice presidential elections. This research method uses a quantitative method by conducting a survey by distributing a questionnaire in the form of a google form to social media users who follow the social media accounts of the Tangerang Regency General Election Commission (KPU). The sample used consisted of novice voters aged 17-21 years who actively used social media and followed the social media accounts of the General Election Commission (KPU) of Tangerang Regency. Based on the hypothesis test using the F test, Fcal = (0.515) > F table (4.56) is obtained, because Fcal > Ftable, H₀ is rejected and Ha is rejected with a significance of 0.000 < 0.05. So it can be interpreted that simultaneously (Together) there is a positive and insignificant influence between the variables of Social Media and Beginner Voters on the Presidential and Vice Presidential Elections.

The Ideological Factor Strengthens Political Identity for Increasing Vote in General Elections in Indonesia

Identity politics is a threat to democracy in many countries, including Indonesia. At the same time, in Indonesia, the number of Muslim voters reached 80%. Muslim voters are the majority group and are vulnerable to identity politics, given their character that is easily influenced to follow certain behaviors. This research has an urgency to reveal how big the threat of identity politics is to Muslim voters, especially in Malang Regency, East Java. The choice of Malang Regency, East Java, as the object of the research is attributed to the fact that the majority of the population in that location are traditional Muslims, and Muslim educational institutions, such as Islamic boarding schools and Muslim schools, are the most numerous in East Java. This research uses a qualitative analytical approach to reveal the phenomenon of identity politics among Muslim voters carried out by political parties. The findings of this research revealed that identity politics is strengthening among Muslim voters, driven by three factors: political elites, mass media, and institutions. This is relevant to the theory put forward by Theresia Kuhn. However, there are other factors that strengthen identity politics that are not put forward by Kuhn, namely, ideological factors. The ideology of the party is the same as the ideology of the majority of voters. This is a novelty in this study, which differs from Kuhn’s research and other studies. Keywords: Muslim voters, identity politics in Indonesia, political parties

Election Voting Trend Prediction System

This paper presents the use of Bayesian networks and K-Nearest Neighbor algorithms for predicting election results. Our motivation stemmed from the complexities of the election data available, which spans over 120,000 voting locations across 36 states in Nigeria, and the requirement to develop a procedure that takes into consideration voter trends that are influenced by political parties seeking to win. The system architecture's translation was utilised, and the prototyping methodology was adopted. In order to realize the requirements, the system was designed and implemented using Java and MySQL in accordance with specifications. Since the outcome is positive, it can serve as a benchmark for further study in this field, particularly when it comes to using data mining tools to analyze election results.

The specifics of public authorities' communications in social networks on the example of using the remote electronic voting system in the presidential elections of the Russian Federation in 2024

The subject of the study is the communicative process arising in the digital space in the context of the use of remote electronic voting (hereinafter referred to as DEG) in the presidential elections of the Russian Federation in 2024. The purpose of the work is to develop practical recommendations for improving the communicative interaction of the state and society in social networks. The authors analyze new forms of interaction between government agencies and the public, as well as conflict situations arising in this regard. Particular attention is paid to the perception of the DEG system by citizens, the identification of factors causing negative reactions, such as technical failures and insufficient information support from government agencies. The author also discusses the issues of mediatization of political processes in the context of digitalization and information warfare. In addition, the author examines the tactics of government agencies' reaction to negative comments and fakes. Statistical methods of analysis of official publications and comments, as well as elements of sentimental and critical discourse analysis were used for the study. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the study of public communications related to the introduction of DEG, as an example of the mediatization of political processes in Russia. The study identifies key factors that provoke conflict situations in the process of using the DEG system, such as technical failures and insufficient level of advice on solving these problems. Conclusions are drawn about the need to improve feedback from the public, increase information transparency of the system and develop more effective solutions for technical support. Measures to reduce conflict in communications through the use of mediation technologies and strengthening dialogue between government agencies and society are also proposed. In addition, this work emphasizes the need for further research and improvement of mediatized interaction processes.

Legal review of the constitutional court decision number 135/PUU-XIII/2015 on the voting rights of people with mental disorders (ODGJ) reviewed from the foundation of positive law

People's participation as citizens in the implementation of government is the main requirement in filling positions. To be able to take part in elections, people must comply with the provisions that have been ratified by law. The KPU "General Election Commission" as the organizer of the democratic party gives the right to vote in elections to People with Mental Disorders (ODGJ). ODGJ are allowed to take part in the 2024 elections as stated in the decision of the MK "Constitutional Court". The aim of this research is to examine juridically "the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 135/PUU-XIII/2015 concerning the voting rights of People with Mental Disorders or ODGJ and the impact that may arise from the participation of ODGJ in taking part in the election". The author chose a normative juridical approach (Legislative Approach). The research carried out by the author used a normative juridical approach (Legislation Approach). The data used in this research uses secondary data, namely data or input sourced from literature and statutory regulations. For this type of research, the author applies qualitative descriptive research. Based on research results, the ruling "Constitutional Court Decision Number 135/PUU-XII/2015" states that people suffering from mental disorders can vote only if they do not experience permanent mental disorders that have prevented them from voting in general elections, according to mental health experts.. Based on this, there is disharmony between the decision of the constitutional court and positive law in Indonesia. Apart from that, the possible impact of ODGJ's participation in the election is the emergence of various frauds in the democratic party process.

Chapter 12: The Parliamentary Representation of Minorities in Hungary

Abstract In its recent decision published on 11 November 2022, the European Court of Human Rights found that the preferential system that had been in practice since the 2014 elections to ensure the contribution of national minorities to the work of the Hungarian parliament had violated minority members’ voting rights. Considering the often-contentious nature of the main legal provisions and institutional solutions of the country’s minority policy, it is hardly surprising that the newly-established system of electing minority spokespersons and MPs in the increasingly illiberal regime has also triggered serious debates regarding their elections, status, and practical activities since even the early 2010s. Therefore, the questions arise as to how the Orbán regime designed and used this system of minority representation, whether it represents effective participation in public life in accordance with the international standards of minority protection, whether minority organizations themselves were interested in electoral mobilization, and how minorities perceive and approach these structures in practice. To address these issues, the major aim of the paper is to present and analyse this new field of ethnic voting in the parliamentary elections between 2014 and 2022, the key and controversial points, as well as the future prospects for the minorities’ parliamentary participation and preferential representation. In doing so, parliamentary electoral data are compared with the results of another main institutional channel of participation, the elections of the minority self-governments, which are the local variant of non-territorial autonomy in Hungary.

Choice Overload in Crowded Primary Elections

The number of candidates running in U.S. primary elections is increasing. Contested primary elections force voters to decide between candidates that share party labels and are ideologically similar. Similar to contexts of non-partisan elections, an increase in the number of candidates should exacerbate the cognitive demand of voting in primary elections. We expect large candidate fields in primaries make voters (1) spend less time looking at each candidate profile, (2) more likely to abstain, (3) more likely to vote based on ballot position, and (4) more likely to feel overwhelmed with the decision. All four of these expectations were preregistered. We test the effect of large candidate fields on voter behavior using a survey experiment ( n = 2000) fielded by YouGov. We find large candidate fields cause respondents to spend less time looking at candidate profiles, to select candidates in the first half of the ballot, and to feel overwhelmed by the decision-making process. In contrast to our expectations, we find large candidate fields make respondents less likely to abstain.

지방선거에서 중국인 등 외국인 영주권자 선거권 배제 필요성에 관한 연구

In 2005, during the Roh Moo-hyun administration, South Korea gave foreigners the right to vote for local council members and heads of local governments. Koreans living in China cannot cast a single vote in elections held in China. Foreign permanent residents residing in South Korea can vote after only three years. The number of Chinese permanent residents in South Korea is approximately 150,000, and the number of permanent residents who are foreigners and can participate in elections in 2026 is expected to be 181,251. This can be said to be an example of deviating from the principle of reciprocity in that one can vote in Korean local elections even if one does not have Korean nationality. The current law has some unreasonable aspects and is not fair from the perspective of reciprocity. Additionally, there have been attempts by China to interfere in elections in Australia and Canada, and voices of concern about Chinese political intervention are growing. These laws that violate reciprocity must be revised. Based on the principle of reciprocity voting rights for foreign permanent residents including Chinese should be excluded.

Ideological extremism, left-right orientations, and invalid voting in two-round presidential elections in Latin America

ABSTRACT Ideology is one of the most studied factors affecting voting behavior in modern mass democracies. Despite that, literature on invalid voting has focused on other explanatory factors at the aggregate and individual levels. This article argues that ideology is a relevant explanatory factor affecting invalid voting at the individual level and advances two hypotheses. Specifically, voters with known preferences on the left-right dimension and those further from the center will be less prone to cast an invalid ballot in presidential elections. I test these hypotheses in the first and second rounds of nine presidential elections in four Latin American countries between 2002 and 2019. Additionally, the hypotheses were tested for voters caught in the runoff dilemma, i.e. those who did not vote for one of the two candidates who advanced to the second round. Using the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems data, the analysis confirms that left-right orientations and ideological extremism are negatively associated with the probability of casting an invalid vote. The article’s findings help expand our knowledge about how some specific features of ideology affect voting behavior, thus contributing to the literature on ideological and invalid voting.

Designing a Robust Quantum Signature Protocol Based on Quantum Key Distribution for E-Voting Applications

The rapid advancement of internet technology has raised attention to the importance of electronic voting in maintaining democracy and fairness in elections. E-voting refers to the use of electronic technology to facilitate the casting and counting of votes in elections. The need for designated verification arises from concerns about voter privacy, auditability, and the prevention of manipulation. Traditional e-voting systems use cryptographic techniques for security but lack verifiable proof of integrity. Integrating e-voting with a quantum designated verifier could address these challenges by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to enhance security and trustworthiness. In light of this, we propose a quantum e-voting scheme that uses a designated verifier signature. To ensure the confidentiality and authenticity of the voting process, the scheme uses quantum features like the no-cloning theorem and quantum key distribution. The proposed scheme has security properties like source hiding, non-transferability, and message anonymity. The proposed scheme is resistant to many quantum attacks, such as eavesdropping and impersonation. Due to designated verification, the scheme minimizes the risk of tempering. This paper provides a detailed description of the proposed scheme and analyzes its security properties. Therefore, the proposed scheme is efficient, practical, and secure.

Disputes Over the Number of Votes in the Simangambat Village Head Election from the Perspective of Siyasah Qadhaiyah

Disputes Over the Number of Votes in the Simangambat Village Head Election from the Perspective of Siyasah Qadhaiyah

Older persons, political participation, and the Decade of Healthy Ageing: an international legal analysis

The increase in global population ageing, coupled with advancements in the study of active ageing, underscores the need for deeper discussions centred on older adults. Among various fundamental subjects regarding this population, participation in social and political life stands out, with the act of voting in elections serving as a significant expression of such engagement. This article seeks to explore some key sources of International Law that focus on older people, emphasizing the element of political participation. This study was developed from a qualitative, exploratory research, through a bibliographic and documental review, by gathering pertinent legislation. Initially, it examines international legal frameworks related to the subject, progressing to an analysis of the Decade of Healthy Ageing, and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The conclusion drawn from this study is that the lack of a global treaty addressing the rights of older adults reflects the ongoing invisibility experienced by this population. Therefore, it is essential to foster discussions about older people´s political participation and to implement measures that ensure they are not only beneficiaries of services but also agents of change.