Vote Counting Research Articles

The Acute Effects of Exercising in Air Pollution: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

The acute effects of air pollution (AP) exposure during physical activity have been studied. However, comprehensive systematic reviews are lacking, particularly regarding moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Our objective was to determine the acute health- and exercise-related effects of AP exposure during a bout of MVPA in healthy individuals. We searched for randomized controlled trials in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, SPORTDiscus, Agricultural and Environmental Science Database, ClinicalTrials.gov, International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Registry, and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform up to July 2020 without language or date restrictions. Studies including healthy subjects engaging in a bout of MVPA while exposed to one or more of the following air pollutants were eligible: particulate matter, black carbon, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, diesel exhaust, and traffic-related air pollution (TRAP). Main outcome measures were markers of pulmonary function, symptoms, cardiovascular function, cognitive function, systemic inflammation, and exercise response. The evidence was synthesized by vote counting based on direction of effect. In total, 53 studies were included in the systematic review. Studies employed a heterogeneous mix of exercise protocols, AP interventions, and measured outcomes. Pooled results suggest ozone exposure during MVPA has an adverse effect on pulmonary function (100% [95% confidence interval (CI) 88-100], p < 0.001; high-certainty evidence) and reported symptoms (88% [95% CI 69-96], p < 0.001; low-certainty evidence). The effect of exposure to carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, small engine exhaust, or diesel exhaust during MVPA on health- and exercise-related outcomes is uncertain because of insufficient evidence and the low to very low certainty of available evidence. The evidence is strongest for ozone, exposure to which generally induced a reduction in pulmonary function and increased symptoms during MVPA. The research related to otheroutcomedomains remains inconclusive. Although long-term exposure to AP is proven to be hazardous, the evidence for healthy individuals to forgo MVPA during periods of high (non-ozone) pollution remains weak. Retrospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020188280) on 10 July 2020.

Metabolomic changes in animal models of depression: a systematic analysis

Extensive research has been carried out on the metabolomic changes in animal models of depression; however, there is no general agreement about which metabolites exhibit constant changes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify consistently altered metabolites in large-scale metabolomics studies of depression models. We performed vote counting analyses to identify consistently upregulated or downregulated metabolites in the brain, blood, and urine of animal models of depression based on 3743 differential metabolites from 241 animal metabolomics studies. We found that serotonin, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, norepinephrine, N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid, anandamide, and tryptophan were downregulated in the brain, while kynurenine, myo-inositol, hydroxykynurenine, and the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio were upregulated. Regarding blood metabolites, tryptophan, leucine, tyrosine, valine, trimethylamine N-oxide, proline, oleamide, pyruvic acid, and serotonin were downregulated, while N-acetyl glycoprotein, corticosterone, and glutamine were upregulated. Moreover, citric acid, oxoglutaric acid, proline, tryptophan, creatine, betaine, L-dopa, palmitic acid, and pimelic acid were downregulated, and hippuric acid was upregulated in urine. We also identified consistently altered metabolites in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, serum, and plasma. These findings suggested that metabolomic changes in depression models are characterized by decreased neurotransmitter and increased kynurenine metabolite levels in the brain, decreased amino acid and increased corticosterone levels in blood, and imbalanced energy metabolism and microbial metabolites in urine. This study contributes to existing knowledge of metabolomic changes in depression and revealed that the reproducibility of candidate metabolites was inadequate in previous studies.

Parliament the Mirror of the Nation: Representation, Deliberation, and Democracy in Victorian Britain, by Gregory Conti

Reviewed by: Parliament the Mirror of the Nation: Representation, Deliberation, and Democracy in Victorian Britain by Gregory Conti Philip Harling (bio) Parliament the Mirror of the Nation: Representation, Deliberation, and Democracy in Victorian Britain, by Gregory Conti; pp. xi + 408. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2019, $120.00, $34.99 paper. Thomas Hare is one of those eminent Victorians you have probably never heard of. A barrister and sometime assistant commissioner of London Charities, his hobby was to make the British electoral system perfect, and Hare scribbled a lot in pursuit of this goal. His magnum opus was Treatise on the Election of Representatives (1859). This was a formidably dense tome that nevertheless spoke to John Stuart Mill, who teamed up with Henry Fawcett to write a pamphlet that sought to translate Hare’s ideas into plainer English. The biggest of those ideas involved proportional representation (PR) and the single transferable vote (STV). PR was an electoral system in which the preferences among voters were intended to be reflected more proportionately within the elected body than could be achieved via pluralities or bare majorities within a winner-take-all [End Page 452] system, which “wasted” the votes of losing candidates (203). STV was Hare’s prescription for achieving PR in a way that made every vote count toward the electoral outcome. Today, STV is popular in Australia and Ireland, while PR—usually the party-list variety, and simpler than STV—is in wide use in Europe and far beyond, from Austria to Argentina, Italy, and Indonesia. There is therefore no doubting the global impact of this Hare-brained scheme. And while Hare’s home country still clings to the winner-take-all, first-past-the-post system, the debate about its relative virtues and vices compared with the PR alternatives continues to this day. If that debate within Britain remains vigorous now, it was even more so in Hare’s day. In Parliament the Mirror of the Nation: Representation, Deliberation, and Democracy in Victorian Britain, Gregory Conti guides us through this Victorian conversation with skill and erudition. His book is a history of political thought and, as such, some of us who are not chiefly political thinkers will get lost from time to time within the denser thickets of that erudition. But Conti convinces that even this sort of reader should care about Victorian debates about STV and PR, in part because they are germane to our growing contemporary anxieties that the composition of our political bodies inadequately reflects the diversity and divisions within our societies. Even more, we should care because those debates show that the Victorians believed deeply, a lot more deeply than we do, in what Conti calls “the transformative, world-altering character of political deliberation” (364). They felt a moral urgency to get their electoral system right, as they did about so much else. Like his admirers and critics, and virtually all mid-Victorians, Hare thought that the British people were the greatest on earth. The proof of their greatness lay in the soundness of their democratic political institutions, which held firm while the Continent veered between bloody revolution and bloodier reaction. The British Parliament has never been held in higher esteem than it was in the third quarter of the nineteenth century. There was nevertheless much talk of improvement. How could Parliament be made a more accurate image of the society for which it made laws? How could it be made a proper mirror of the nation? This was the ruling theoretical question, Conti convincingly argues. The most common answer involved improving upon the 1832 electoral settlement by increasing suffrage. Thus Whig-Liberals like Walter Bagehot and Henry Davis Pochin could agree with Conservatives such as Henry Warwick Cole that parliamentary seats needed to be redistributed and consolidated so as to bring so-called respectable workingmen more squarely into the political nation. Free-thinking radicals like G. J. Holyoake could likewise concur with Tories such as Augustus Stapleton that corporate interests needed better representation within the post-1832 British Parliament, even if they disagreed about which of those interests merited better access to the House of Commons. Arrayed against these varieties-of-suffrage...

Development of audit and data protection principles in electronic voting systems

It is assumed in standard information protection technologies that there are owners of this information who put forward requirements for protection. In secret voting systems, the information belongs to the community of citizens, and to protect it, vote organizers must create conditions that allow each voter to make sure that the vote secrecy and accuracy of vote counting are preserved. In developed democracies, this issue is resolved through a widely available audit of all procedures that may be mistrusted. Any voter can conduct such an audit. The anxiety of citizens of democratic countries is based on the idea that if electronic voting is introduced, it will be impossible to conduct such an audit. The article proposes principles of auditing all those software and hardware tools and processes of the online voting system that can generate voter distrust. This audit is carried out using a dedicated server open to voters and their fiduciaries. This server provides continuous monitoring of actions of the service staff in terms of possible interference in the operation of the voting system. Also, due to this server, auditors receive data on the integrity of the voting system hardware and software including its audit tools and an alarm signal in the event of a threat. It was possible to reduce the average time of processing the voter requests to two seconds. This means that processing a maximum of 2,500 voter requests at a vote station will take no more than two hours. Simultaneous access of 50 voters to the server will not make them wait in the queue for more than 2 minutes. Implementation results were described and links were given for conducting experimental voting on the Internet.

MALPRAKTEK DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PEMILU ANGGOTA DPRD KABUPATEN WAROPEN TAHUN 2019 (STUDI KASUS TENTANG PELAKSANAAN REKAPITULASI HASIL PENGHITUNGAN PEROLEHAN SUARA TINGKAT KABUPATEN)

Election is a democratic party that guarantees freedom, justice and equality for individuals in determining leaders in the executive and legislative fields. In every stage of the election process, there must be opportunities for problems, errors and violations such as violence, buying and selling of votes, and manipulation. It is undeniable that violations that include manipulation of election regulations, voter choice and electoral administration in the implementation of the recapitulation of the results of the vote count at the district level, still color the implementation of elections. The purpose of this study is to find out, analyze and describe the forms and factors that influence electoral malpractice in the recapitulation of the results of the calculation of the votes acquired by the candidates for members of the Waropen Regency DPRD at the district level in the 2019 Election. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Collecting data using in-depth interview techniques and active observation. Research informants are Election Organizers and Secretariats and Election Contestants. Data analysis techniques through the stages of preparation, codification, topic description, and data presentation. The results of the study indicate that there were electoral malpractice actions that occurred before and during the recapitulation of the results of the counting of district-level votes in the Election for Candidates for Members of the Waropen Regency DPRD in 2019 in the form of manipulation of voter choices and manipulation of electoral administration. Factors that influence the occurrence of electoral malpractice are the negligence of the election organizers and the existence of vote buying by election participants (candidates) against the election organizers

Desingning An E-Voting Information System For Website-Based Village Head Elections

Voting in a democratic country is an important part of the means of choosing leaders. The village head election process in Indonesia still uses conventional voting methods, namely using ballot paper media in the election process. Voting that is carried out conventionally has several obstacles, including the lack of guaranteeing the authenticity of voters' votes, so that people think the results of voting results are often manipulated. In addition conventional selection is deemed inaccurate and time-consuming and costly. In this study the aim of this research is to design an information system e-voting that can be used for the Election of the Village Head of Cemandi, Sedati, Sidoarjo, East Java, where by using this system the election process becomes easier by ensuring the accuracy of the vote count. This system development method uses the model of software engineering waterfall. The test results blackbox show that the functions of the features in the system are running well. Based on the UAT test, the system received an average percentage rate of 86%.

Quality improvement studies in nursing homes: a scoping review

BackgroundQuality improvement (QI) is used in nursing homes (NH) to implement and sustain improvements in patient outcomes. Little is known about how QI strategies are used in NHs. This lack of information is a barrier to replicating successful strategies. Guided by the Framework for Implementation Research, the purpose of this study was to map-out the use, evaluation, and reporting of QI strategies in NHs.MethodsThis scoping review was completed to identify reports published between July 2003 through February 2019. Two reviewers screened articles and included those with (1) the term “quality improvement” to describe their methods, or reported use of a QI model (e.g., Six Sigma) or strategy (e.g., process mapping) (2), findings related to impact on service and/or resident outcomes, and (3) two or more NHs included. Reviewers extracted data on study design, setting, population, problem, solution to address problem, QI strategies, and outcomes (implementation, service, and resident). Vote counting and narrative synthesis were used to describe the use of QI strategies, implementation outcomes, and service and/or resident outcomes.ResultsOf 2302 articles identified, the full text of 77 articles reporting on 59 studies were included. Studies focused on 23 clinical problems, most commonly pressure ulcers, falls, and pain. Studies used an average of 6 to 7 QI strategies. The rate that strategies were used varied substantially, e.g., the rate of in-person training (55%) was more than twice the rate of plan-do-study-act cycles (20%). On average, studies assessed two implementation outcomes; the rate these outcomes were used varied widely, with 37% reporting on staff perceptions (e.g., feasibility) of solutions or QI strategies vs. 8% reporting on fidelity and sustainment. Most studies (n = 49) reported service outcomes and over half (n = 34) reported resident outcomes. In studies with statistical tests of improvement, service outcomes improved more often than resident outcomes.ConclusionsThis study maps-out the scope of published, peer-reviewed studies of QI in NHs. The findings suggest preliminary guidance for future studies designed to promote the replication and synthesis of promising solutions. The findings also suggest strategies to refine procedures for more effective improvement work in NHs.

Design of E-Voting Information System for Website-Based Village Head Elections (Case Study : Cemandi Village, Sedati, Sidoarjo, East Java)

Voting in a democratic country is an important part of the means of choosing leaders. The village head election process in Indonesia still uses conventional voting methods, namely using ballot paper media in the election process. Voting that is carried out conventionally has several obstacles, including the lack of guaranteeing the authenticity of voters' votes, so that people think the results of voting results are often manipulated. In addition conventional selection is deemed inaccurate and time-consuming and costly. In this study the aim of this research is to design an information system e-voting that can be used for the Election of the Village Head of Cemandi, Sedati, Sidoarjo, East Java, where by using this system the election process becomes easier by ensuring the accuracy of the vote count. This system development method uses the model of software engineering waterfall. The test results blackbox show that the functions of the features in the system are running well. Based on the UAT test, the system received an average percentage rate of 86%.

Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) Using Infrared Detection Technique on Arduino Platform

The voting system is a set of rules that determine how people’s intentions may be manifest and how decisions can be achieved. Normally, vote papers are placed in the voting box and then will be sorted and calculated manually. But the problem is the use of manpower in calculating the vote manually may lead to error in the counting of votes and it takes a long time to complete the calculation process. For this purpose, an electronic voting machine (EVM) was introduced, where in this work it replace the conventional voting method in which the vote card will be calculated automatically. This paper focusing on implementation of embedded system which will help in the election process, where the Arduino UNO uses as a controller. This system uses a simple counting system based on the detection of black mark on the vote card using infrared (IR) sensor. Then, LCD 16x2 will display the number of votes for the respective candidate and the servo motor will activate to sort the valid and invalid vote card into 2 compartments in the voting box.

Adopting task technology fit model on e-voting technology

&lt;span&gt;E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;-voting is a tool to support the voting process starting from recording, voting, and counting votes using electronic devices. E-voting promises a faster voting process, reduced budget costs, lost votes due to damaged ballot papers during the voting process, and others. E-voting is also used in high school student council elections. Young people are more computer literate (computer literacy) and interested in using new technology (e-voting) than adults and older people. This study aims to determine the suitability of e-voting in the SMA OSIS election to the user's task support using the task-technology fit (TTF) model. The data analysis used is multiple regression analysis. This analysis is used to determine the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable with a significance level of 5%. The results of this study indicate that the 4 formulated hypotheses can be accepted and the students of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Bantul feel the suitability of technology support when voting using e-voting in the selection of the high school student council.&lt;/span&gt;

Signal Processing on the Permutahedron: Tight Spectral Frames for Ranked Data Analysis

Ranked data sets, where m judges/voters specify a preference ranking of n objects/candidates, are increasingly prevalent in contexts such as political elections, computer vision, recommender systems, and bioinformatics. The vote counts for each ranking can be viewed as an n! data vector lying on the permutahedron, which is a Cayley graph of the symmetric group with vertices labeled by permutations and an edge when two permutations differ by an adjacent transposition. Leveraging combinatorial representation theory and recent progress in signal processing on graphs, we investigate a novel, scalable transform method to interpret and exploit structure in ranked data. We represent data on the permutahedron using an overcomplete dictionary of atoms, each of which captures both smoothness information about the data (typically the focus of spectral graph decomposition methods in graph signal processing) and structural information about the data (typically the focus of symmetry decomposition methods from representation theory). These atoms have a more naturally interpretable structure than any known basis for signals on the permutahedron, and they form a Parseval frame, ensuring beneficial numerical properties such as energy preservation. We develop specialized algorithms and open software that take advantage of the symmetry and structure of the permutahedron to improve the scalability of the proposed method, making it more applicable to the high-dimensional ranked data found in applications.

Elections Cameroon (Elecam) and the Adoption of Information and Communication Tools (ICTs) to Improve Electoral Governance in the Electoral Process in Cameroon

This paper seeks to explore the main ICT initiatives adopted by Elections Cameroon (Elecam) as a measure to improve electoral governance in the electoral process in Cameroon. Since becoming the elections management body in Cameroon, Elections Cameroon has adopted some ICT initiatives. These include the computerisation of the electoral register, the putting in place of a website, www.elecam.cm , and the introduction of biometric voter registration in. Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), it is argued that the adoption of ICT is to improve the electoral process, reduce multiple registrations, and share electoral information as a measure of transparency.The adoption of ICTs by Elections Cameroon has reduced multiple registrations and has made information readily available to eligible voters especially to those in the diaspora. Some short comings nonetheless, can be identified with the ICT attempts: firstly, from the perspective of the website, it is not linked to social media network platforms like facebook, YouTube and twitter, its regional, divisional and council branches do not have websites, social media sites, and secondly, its biometric technology is still limited to voter registration, and cases of multiple voter registration and voting still occur. Thus, to build a more transparent, impartial and credible electoral process in the pursuit of ICT efforts, it is recommended that the website should be linked to social media networks. While Elecam's branches at the regional, divisional and council levelsshould build websites which should be linked to social media platforms, and Elecam’s biometric technology should be extended to voting and vote counting. The putting in place of an independent election management organ can help in this direction.

RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI E-VOTE PEMILIHAN KETUA RT PADA PERUMAHAN DUTA ASRI PALEM 7 BERBASIS WEB

This web-based E-Voting was created to facilitate the election of the RT Chair at Duta Asri Palem 7 Housing. The problem currently being faced is that in the ongoing elections, many residents cannot attend, there are still multiple elections and the vote count is still manual. The purpose of making this e-voting is to make it easier for residents to choose the Chair of the RT anywhere so that the expected vote results are more leverage. The research methods used in making this e-voting are field studies, literature studies and interviews. And the design method used by the researcher is the SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) method which is the whole process of building a system through several steps such as Planning, Analysis, Design and Implementation. The e-voting application is built with the PHP programming language, and utilizes the MySQL database as a database server. The expected result of making e-voting is that the problems that have occurred so far can be minimized and can streamline time and improve performance in carrying out the election of RT Chair in Housing Ambassador Asri Palm 7.

Secure Online Voting System using Visual Cryptography

The development of a secure online voting system using visual cryptography is highly essential for present voting systems. Based on the current requirements and design aspects of an existing online voting system, emerging technologies are required in online voting schemes, and these are examined in this work. The emerging cryptographic techniques which are suitable for secure online voting systems are analyzed. Techniques like password hashed-based schemes, visual cryptography, and threshold decryption cryptosystem are highlighted for secure online voting systems. Visual cryptography (VC) is a technique where visual information can be encrypted on the user side, with the information decrypted on the admin side, which can be helpful in allowing participation in voting systems securely and ensuring fast vote counting and monitoring of the voting process to achieve high accuracy while being scam-free. The proposed secure online voting system using visual cryptography is efficiently developed using Python and achieves better performance on minimum software and hardware configuration systems.

REAKSI PASAR DARI PENGUMUMAN REKAPITULASI NASIONAL HASIL PERHITUNGAN SUARA PEMILU 2019 (STUDI PADA INDEKS LQ-45)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang="IN"&gt;This study aims to find and analyze market reaction before, during and after the announcement of the national recapitulation of the calculation results 2019 election votes, the differences of average abnormal returns before and after the announcement of the national recapitulation of the 2019 election results, and the differences of average trading volume activities before and after the announcement of the national recapitulation of the 2019 election results. The variables used are abnormal return and trading volume activity. The population used in this study is stocks incorporated in the LQ-45 index. There were 34 samples chosen. This study uses one-sample t-test and paired t-test analysis techniques. The results of this study are market reactions during and after the announcement of the national recapitulation results of the 2019 election vote count. However, there was no difference in the average abnormal return and trading volume activity before and after the announcement of the national recapitulation of the 2019 election vote count results.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Why Do Election Results Change after Election Day? The “Blue Shift” in California Elections

The counting of votes in contemporary American elections is usually not completed on Election Night. There has been an increasing tendency for vote shares to shift toward Democratic candidates after Election Day in general elections, in particular, in recent U.S. elections. Leveraging important snapshots of precinct-level election returns and precinct-level demographic and political composition from Orange County, California, we conduct the first full-fledged analysis of the potential drivers of vote share shifts. Using an original large-scale post-election survey and unique snapshots of individual-level administrative records, we also provide the first analysis of the characteristics of voters whose ballots were tallied later versus earlier in the process. Far from being anomalous, our results indicate that the shifts are consistent with underlying precinct voter compositions and the order of precinct and mail ballot processing at the individual level in accordance with election administration practices. We find the same driving forces in North Carolina and Colorado, and discuss the consequences of the “Blue Shift” for public concerns about election integrity as states push policy changes regarding access to voting by mail.

Automatically Identifying the Quality of Developer Chats for Post Hoc Use

Software engineers are crowdsourcing answers to their everyday challenges on Q&amp;A forums (e.g., Stack Overflow) and more recently in public chat communities such as Slack, IRC, and Gitter. Many software-related chat conversations contain valuable expert knowledge that is useful for both mining to improve programming support tools and for readers who did not participate in the original chat conversations. However, most chat platforms and communities do not contain built-in quality indicators (e.g., accepted answers, vote counts). Therefore, it is difficult to identify conversations that contain useful information for mining or reading, i.e., conversations of post hoc quality. In this article, we investigate automatically detecting developer conversations of post hoc quality from public chat channels. We first describe an analysis of 400 developer conversations that indicate potential characteristics of post hoc quality, followed by a machine learning-based approach for automatically identifying conversations of post hoc quality. Our evaluation of 2,000 annotated Slack conversations in four programming communities (python, clojure, elm, and racket) indicates that our approach can achieve precision of 0.82, recall of 0.90, F-measure of 0.86, and MCC of 0.57. To our knowledge, this is the first automated technique for detecting developer conversations of post hoc quality.

The Confidence Earthquake: Seismic Shifts in Trust and Reform Sentiments in the 2020 Election

Using data from a variety of public opinion sources, we explore changes in trust in the vote count. A historic gap in confidence between Democrats and Republicans has grown, caused by two reasons: (1) an unusually big increase in Democratic confidence coupled with a modest decrease in Republican confidence and (2) a pre-election trust gap that already placed Democrats more confident than Republicans. Looking at confidence that votes in one’s state were counted as intended, there is a sharp discontinuity in Republican responses at the 50% point in Trump two-party vote share. In addition, Republicans in states Trump lost were much less confident when more votes were cast by mail.

The Interpretation of Structured, Systematic, and Massive Violations in the 2019 Presidential Election Dispute at the Indonesian Constitutional Court

Based on the results of the election of candidates for President and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia in 2019, an objection was submitted to the Constitutional Court over the results of the vote count by Candidate Pair 02 Prabowo-Sandi. Apart from questioning the correction of miscalculations, objections were also filed against various frauds that caused the candidate&amp;#39;s defeat based on structured, systematic, and massive violations. In this article, the problems include: (1) How is the legal aspect of a structured offense, systematic and massive in disputes over election results? (2) What are the law enforcement regulations for election violations and disputes? (3) What is the interpretation of disqualification in the Constitutional Court Decision after the enactment of the Election Law and the Law on General Election of Regional Heads simultaneously? Data analysis used descriptive qualitative, by classifying, comparing, and linking legal materials with the subject matter. The conclusion is various reforms in law enforcement regulations for simultaneous election violations and disputes include the resolution of violations, criminal acts, and election disputes, including the resolution of structured, systematic, and massive violations, accompanied by strengthening of institutions and setting limits on the authority for settlement. In the 2019 Presidential and Vice-Presidential Election, the authority to enforce the law for measurable violations regarding the nomination requirements are submitted to the Election Supervisory Agency and disputed through the State Administrative Court. As for Structured, Systematic, and Massive violations, the reporting process is processed and decided by Bawaslu (Indonesian: Badan Pengawas Pemilu).

One Shift, Two Shifts, Red Shift, Blue Shift: Reported Election Returns in the 2020 Election

Shifting vote margins in the hours and days following the close of polls was a highlighted issue in the 2020 election. The tendency of vote margins in recent presidential elections to trend in favor of the Democratic presidential candidate as the count proceeds has been previously studied and given the label “blue shift.” We address how these shifts occurred during the 2020 election with contemporaneous National Election Pool (NEP) data reported by county. States were slower to report overall vote counts if they had large volumes of mail ballots, prohibited preprocessing mail ballots, and allowed mail ballots to arrive after Election Day. We also find that both between- and within-county differences drove partisan trends in the 2020 vote count. Counties Biden won took longer to complete their counts than counties Trump won. Within the average county, Biden’s votes took longer to count completely than Trump’s. Nonetheless, in the first couple of hours after polls closed, there was actually a disproportionate number of Biden votes reported, which we show were likely due to preprocessed mail ballots being reported first.