Vortex Shedding Resonance Research Articles

Acrosswind aeroelastic response of square tall buildings: a semi-analytical approach based of wind tunnel tests on rigid models

The present paper is focused on the prediction of the acrosswind aeroelastic response of square tall buildings. In particular, a semi-analytical procedure is proposed based on the assumption that square tall buildings, for reduced velocities corresponding to operational conditions, do not experience vortex shedding resonance or galloping and fall in the range of positive aerodynamic damping. Under these conditions, aeroelastic wind tunnel tests can be unnecessary and the response can be correctly evaluated using wind tunnel tests on rigid models and analytical modeling of the aerodynamic damping. The proposed procedure consists of two phases. First, simultaneous measurements of the pressure time histories are carried out in the wind tunnel on rigid models, in order to obtain the aerodynamic forces. Then, aeroelastic forces are analytically evaluated and the structural response is computed through direct integration of the equations of motion considering the contribution of both the aerodynamic and aeroelastic forces. The procedure, which gives a conservative estimate of the aeroelastic response, has the advantage that aeroelastic tests are avoided, at least in the preliminary design phase.

Critical Reynolds number and galloping instabilities: experiments on circular cylinders

The current paper considers large galloping-like vibrations of circular cylinders, generically inclined and yawed to the flow. The case of a round section prone to galloping is seemingly a paradox since rotational symmetry (or close to it) and classical galloping are apparently contradictory. Still there seems to be a range of wind speeds far from those for typical Karman vortex shedding resonance where such a phenomenon does occur. Experimental results from both static and dynamic large-scale rigid cable models, presented here, show that this range coincides with the critical Reynolds number regime, where notable symmetry-breaking characteristics such as nonzero mean lift emerge. It is shown that a fundamental difference between the inclined and non-inclined cylinder aerodynamics may exist accommodating different pressure distributions and different resulting dynamic behaviours. Unsteady pressure measurements showing avalanche-like “jumps” and vortex dislocations building between cell structures in the cylinder spanwise direction are conjectured to be a key element in the unstable behaviour experienced.

Vortex shedding and galloping of open semi-circular and parabolic cylinders in cross-flow

An experimental wind-tunnel study was undertaken to investigate the flow-induced vibration behaviour of open semi-circular and parabolic cylinders in cross-flow. The motivation for the research was to investigate the cause of the fatigue failures of a number of parabolic section rotary mixing blades in a large mixing vessel. Results are presented for force coefficients as a function of angle of incidence of the flow, Strouhal number and amplitude response. It is shown that the parabolic cylinder is subject to large amplitude vortex shedding resonance and, when the elastic axis is sufficiently downstream of the section's centre of gravity, galloping instability.

VORTEX SHEDDING RESONANCE FROM A ROTATIONALLY OSCILLATING CYLINDER

Vortex shedding resonance of a circular cylinder wake to a forced rotational oscillation has been investigated experimentally by measuring the velocity fluctuations in the wake, pressure distributions over the cylinder surface, and visualizing the flow field with respect to cylinder oscillations. The vortex shedding resonance occurs near the natural shedding frequency at small amplitude of cylinder oscillations, while the peak resonance frequency shifts to a lower value with an increase in oscillation amplitude. The drag and lift forces acting on the cylinder at fixed forcing Strouhal number indicate that the phase lag of fluid forces to the cylinder oscillations increases with an increase in oscillation amplitude, supporting the variation of resonance frequency with oscillation amplitude. The comparative study of the measured pressure distributions and the simultaneous flow visualizations with respect to cylinder rotation shows the mechanisms of phase lag, which is due to the strengthened vortex formation and the modification of the surface pressure distributions.

Vortex lock-on for a rotationally oscillating circular cylinder — a BEM numerical study

Vortex shedding resonance or lock-on is observed when a circular cylinder is excited into rotational oscillations. Boundary element numerical simulations of this flow at subcritical Reynolds numbers of 1500 and 3000 are computed. Two lock-on or resonance flow regimes are predicted. The primary lock-on regime occurred when the reduced forcing frequency was in the vicinity of one, while the tertiary lock-on was observed at a reduced forcing frequency around three. The frequency bandwidths of the two lock-on regimes are found to be correlated with the reduced rotational amplitude of the oscillating cylinder. Behavior of the aerodynamics forces during the lock-on regimes is investigated. It was found that it is the sharp variation of the phase shift between the phase of the velocity oscillation of the body and the phase of the initial vortex formation, that causes the remarkable increase in the aerodynamic forces within the lock-on regimes. The global subcritical lock-on characteristic diagram for a rotationally oscillating cylinder is obtained. The present BEM numerical model is verified by a series of tests. The tests include mesh-size refinement studies, comparisons with experiments and other solutions for a variety of benchmark problems and for a wide range of physical parameters.

Vortex Shedding and Lock-On in a Perturbed Flow

Vortex shedding resonance or lock-on is observed when a bluff body is placed in an incident mean flow with a superimposed periodic component. Direct numerical simulations of this flow at a Reynolds number of 200 are compared here with experiments that have been conducted by several investigators. The bounds of the lock-on or resonance flow regimes for the computations and experiments are in good agreement. The computed and measured vortex street wavelengths also are in good agreement with experiments at Reynolds numbers from 100 to 2000. Comparison of these computations with experiments shows that both natural, or unforced, and forced vortex street wakes are nondispersive in their wave-like behavior. Recent active control experiments with rotational oscillations of a circular cylinder find this same nondispersive behavior over a three-fold range of frequencies at Reynolds numbers up to 15,000. The vortex shedding and lock-on resulting from the introduction of a periodic inflow component upon the mean flow exhibit a particularly strong resonance between the imposed perturbations and the vortices.

Review—Vortex Shedding Lock-on and Flow Control in Bluff Body Wakes

The results of recent experiments demonstrate that the phenomenon of vortex shedding resonance or lock-on is observed also when a bluff body is placed in an incident mean flow with a periodic component superimposed upon it. This form of vortex shedding and lock-on exhibits a particularly strong resonance between the flow perturbations and the vortices, and provides one of several promising means for modification and control of the basic formation and stability mechanisms in the near-wake of a bluff body. Examples are given of recent direct numerical simulations of the vortex lock-on in the periodic flow. These agree well with the results of experiments. A discussion also is given of vortex lock-on due to body oscillations both normal to and in-line with the incident mean flow, rotational oscillations of the body, and of the effect of sound on lock-on. The lock-on phenomenon is discussed in the overall context of active and passive wake control, on the basis of these and other recent and related results, with particular emphasis placed on active control of the circular cylinder wake.