Vortex Apparatus Research Articles

Morphological features of natural diamond crystals treated in a rotary vortex apparatus and subjected to oxidative etching

Morphological features of natural diamond crystals treated in a rotary vortex apparatus and subjected to oxidative etching

Experimental study of hydrodynamics in a vortex contact apparatus

The outcomes of experimental investigations into ascertaining the hydraulic resistance of a vortex apparatus, featuring swirling gas and liquid flows under diverse design and operational conditions, are showcased. These examinations on pressure loss in vortex-type apparatuses facilitate the estimation of energy consumption for activities such as dust removal, contact heat exchange, gas absorption purification, and other processes conducted within gas-liquid systems. Notably, it has been observed that the hydraulic resistance of the scrutinized vortex apparatus is markedly lower compared to the pressure drop encountered in nozzle-type and plate-type apparatuses. Furthermore, it does not surpass the resistance exhibited by high-efficiency vortex-type apparatuses of alternative designs. The hydraulic resistance of hollow vortex apparatuses, equipped with tangential swirlers, is contingent upon variables such as gas phase velocity, liquid flow rate, apparatus design parameters, and the physical properties of the working media. Through the meticulous analysis of experimental data, calculation dependencies have been derived to determine the resistance coefficients of both dry and irrigated vortex apparatuses. These dependencies prove to be practical and convenient from an applied standpoint.

Testing the operation of the developed swirling scrubber

The article presents a study on the intensification of gas purification from solid particles using the hydrodynamic effect of centrifugal forces. An effective vortex dust collector design has been developed and is being implemented in production for cleaning from harmful impurities. The results of tests conducted at the facility to determine the efficiency of dust collection in a vortex apparatus with a tangential inlet of gas and liquid flow at various operating parameters are presented. The study found that the efficiency of the device increases with an increase in dust concentration. In the vortex apparatus, the efficiency of dust collection increases significantly with an increase in the axial flow velocity, which is characterized by an increase in centrifugal force and separation factor. The optimal operating modes of the developed vortex apparatus have been established in terms of the efficiency of dust collection.

Цилиндрический завихритель потока с удлиненной хордой лопастей

Introduction. Development of vortex apparatuses — devices for swirling flows of liquids and gases — remains an urgent scientific and engineering task. The design of counter vortex damper flow swirling apparatus at the idle water outlet of Belorechenskaya hydroelectric power plant (HPP) is considered. The purpose of the study is to develop an effective counter vortex damper of excess kinetic energy of water flow. Materials and methods. Analytical methods of classical hydro-mechanics are used. The conceptual basis of the research is the fundamental equality of the geometric characteristic of the vortex apparatus by Abramovich (the Abramovich number) to the Chigier-Beer swirl number. Results. It has been found that geometrical characteristic of the cylindrical vane swirler does not depend on radius of exit edges of blades which swirl the flow, but depends on the angle of bevel of blades at this radius. It allows, according to fundamental equality of Abramovich and Chigier-Beer numbers, either to shift the blades along the swirl chamber radius or to perform them with elongated chord, leaving the hydraulic characteristics of the swirl apparatus and swirled flow unchanged, preserving the bevel angle. Lengthening the chord of the vortex apparatus blades increases the reliability and quality of formation of the swirling flow. It has been proved on the base of differential equation describing the flow lines in the cylindrical swirl chamber that chord of a swirl apparatus prolonged blade flowing smoothly around the flow should have a shape of a logarithmic spiral. It is shown that the vortex apparatus made in the form of a vane system of logarithmic spirals forms a flow with potential rotation superimposed on the potential flow. Conclusions. The design of counter vortex damper of flow energy at the outlet of Belorechenskaya HPP with a system of blades in the form of logarithmic spirals has been analyzed. It is offered to recommend the considered design as a typical one for hydraulic units of medium head.

Minimization of Energy Consumption of Vortex Devices for Granulation of Materials

The article considers the possibility of efficient energy and environmental use of vortex devices for the granulation of solids. The factors influencing the energy consumption for generating a vortex flow with dispersed solid inclusions are analysed. A mathematical model for calculating the aerodynamic drag of a vortex apparatus in a clean gas flow, which was used in computer modelling, is presented. The main dependencies for determining the influence of the geometric dimensions of the vortex on its aerodynamic drag are also given. An analytical solution to the problem of minimising the aerodynamic drag of a vortex apparatus during the movement of a dispersed medium is considered. The forces acting on the particles in the cyclone chamber during interaction with the gas are analysed. In this paper, a general method for calculating the parameters of cyclone-vortex devices for dispersed media using the basic equations of hydrodynamics and gas dynamics is developed. The solution approach used in this paper can be extended to other vortex devices not considered in this work.

Razvojni eksperiment analize formiranja vrtloga

This developed a laboratory vortex apparatus with the aim to perform an experimental analysis of the formation of free and forced vortexes using water as fluid flow process. The experimental observations revealed that the apparatus surface of the vortex adjacent to the inner air core region was level where the radius expanded as the height increased. The orifice of the apparatus was selected for orifice diameters of 5, 10, 15, and 20mm at 30, 45, 60 and 90o angle of inclination were used to determine the diameter of the vortex developed for experimental flow process. The apparatus generated highest vortex diameter of 17mm for the free vortex and 8mm for forced vortex flow process a constant pressure head of 11.2m. Further analysis of the effect of orifice revealed that the larger the orifice diameter of 10, 15 and 20mm at developed a vortex faster for the two flow process as the angle of inclination was increased. The finding of this study will enhance further study to understand turbulent fluid flow process of vortex formation to meet demands of future technologies.

TO DETERMINATION OF SPEED AND TRACTION OF PARTICLE MOVEMENT IN THE HEAT FLOW

The article presents experimental data on the basis of which a mathematical model of particle motion in a vortex layer during heat treatment is created, taking into account changes in their sizes. The peculiarities of particle motion in the vortex apparatus are determined in the work. There is also a dependence that allows you to control the duration of heat treatment. Based on the results of research and modeling, you can design a device for drying dispersed particles.
 The current level of development of vortex devices stimulates the relevance of research aimed at a deeper study of heat treatment processes, improving the design of devices and manufacturing technology of individual components. The lack of a strict modern theory is particularly acute in the design of systems and devices in which the vortex apparatus is one of the important units. In this regard, the priority today is to develop a theory that will provide a fairly reliable mathematical description of the processes occurring in the vortex chamber of the device.
 In many fields of technology use different mass transfer devices for drying granular material for various purposes. In general, the methods of designing such devices are known, and if the technological process is implemented without any features, the calculation methods justify themselves. In cases where the properties of the material in the heat treatment process change, traditional calculation methods give significant errors. Then there is a need for mathematical modeling of basic technological processes.
 In the hydrodynamics of the apparatus presented in the work, and accordingly in the processing, it is necessary to distinguish two main stages: pre-drying of particles in a flat jet of coolant and the final heat treatment in the vortex layer. In this paper, we dwelled in more detail on the first stage of technology.
 The equations presented in this paper reflect the features of heat treatment of particles in the vortex apparatus taking into account their variable sizes and can complement the existing methods of designing such installations.
 The equations obtained in this way reflect the above-mentioned features of heat treatment of particles in a vortex apparatus taking into account their variable sizes and can supplement the existing methods of designing such installations.

RESISTANCE OF TANGENTIAL SWIRLERS WITH ANNULAR CHANNELS

A review of vortex apparatuses and processes in which a rotating gas-liquid flow is used as an intensification of heat and mass transfer is presented.
 It is shown that tangential swirlers, which are easy to manufacture and compact, have found the greatest application in industrial practice for creating gas (steam) rotation.
 It is experimentally established that tangential swirlers with annular walls of channels intended for gas passage have the lowest hydraulic resistance.
 The data on the hydraulic resistance of tangential swirlers with annular channels, velocity and pressure obtained experimentally and by calculation in a wide range of variation of the design parameters of the device are presented.
 The dependences between the hydraulic resistance of the swirler and its design parameters are revealed.
 Numerical simulation of the parameters of the gas flow in the channels is carried out. Diagrams of the pressure and velocity distribution are presented and analyzed, and experimental data on the influence of the design parameters of the swirler channel, such as width and length, on its hydraulic resistance are confirmed.
 An empirical dependence for determining the hydraulic resistance coefficient of a tangential swirler with annular channels is presented for engineering calculations.

Studies on the Volatiles Composition of Stored Sheep Wool, and Attractancy toward Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes.

Simple SummaryIn order to discover new natural remedies for controlling insect vectors, stored sheep wool was tested for its attractiveness to mosquitoes. The volatile compounds from the wool were collected. A total of 52 compounds were detected; many of them known to have mosquito attractant activity against various species. The most abundant compound in the sheep wool hydrodistillate was not attractive for female adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in small-scale lab evaluations. Comparative evaluations of raw sheep wool in two semi-field, large, screened outdoor cages each with bait equipped with a U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) trap, revealed the bait with vibrated sheep wool was the best attractant for female adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes compared to the setups without wool or not vibrated. It was concluded that sheep wool, an easily available, affordable, and environment-friendly material, could be considered as a potential tool to be used in dynamic bait setups for mosquito management and surveillance.To discover new natural materials for insect management, commercially available stored sheep wool was investigated for attractancy to female adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The volatiles from sheep wool were collected by various techniques of headspace (HS) extractions and hydrodistillation. These extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC-FID) coupled with GC-MS. Fifty-two volatile compounds were detected, many of them known for their mosquito attractant activity. Seven compounds were not previously reported in sheep products. The volatile composition of the extracts varied significantly across collections, depending on the extraction techniques or types of fibers applied. Two types of bioassay were conducted to study attractancy of the sheep wool volatiles to mosquitoes: laboratory bioassays using glass tubes, and semi-field bioassays using large, screened outdoor cages. In bioassays with glass tubes, the sheep wool hydrodistillate and its main component, thialdine, did not show any significant attractant activity against female adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Semi-field bioassays in two large screened outdoor cages, each equipped with a U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) trap and the various bait setups with Vortex apparatus, revealed that vibrating wool improved mosquito catches compared to the setups without wool or with wool but not vibrating. Sheep wool, when vibrated, may release intensively volatile compounds, which could serve as olfactory cues, and play significant role in making the bait attractive to mosquitoes. Sheep wool is a readily available, affordable, and environment-friendly material. It should have the potential to be used as a mosquito management and surveillance component in dynamic bait setups.

Heat transfer in a centrifugal vortex tube

The results of an experimental study of the heat flux in a model of a centrifugal vortex apparatus with a lower rotating disk are presented. An experiment considered three cases at a distance between the disks H=R/2 and H=R: “water”, “water-air”, and “water-oil”. Using the colorimetric method, the dependence of the heat flux on Reynolds is shown. The case “water-air” was chosen to evaluate the contribution to heat exchange from the thermocapillary effect (Marangoni) at high Re. For the case of two immiscible liquids of different densities (water-oil), the effect of “centrifugal levitation” is found.

FEATURES OF MODELING THE TRACTION OF MOVEMENT OF MATERIAL PARTICLES IN A VORTICAL LAYER

In the given article the actual modern scientific problem is solved — on the basis of experimental data the mathematical model of movement of a particle in a vortex layer at heat treatment taking into account multiphase of a stream is created.
 At the current level of development of vortex devices, the relevance of research aimed at in-depth study of processes, improvement of structures and manufacturing technology of individual components has increased. The lack of a strict theory is felt most acutely in the design of systems and installations in which the vortex apparatus is one of the main units. In this regard, the priority remains the development of a theory that allows to obtain a fairly reliable mathematical description of the processes occurring in the vortex chamber of the apparatus.
 The patterns of propagation of the swirling jet depend on a large number of different conditions (design features of the nozzle, the intensity of the twist) and flow parameters (their density and speed). The flow in the jet has a complex non-automodal character, in connection with which in other works it was considered expedient to use for calculation numerical methods of integration of equations of motion to describe the non-automodal flow in ordinary jets.
 The disadvantage of these models is that when solving the model of vortex flows go into the model of laminar flows. In this case, many quantities cannot be determined analytically or experimentally. When dividing the flow into the zone of the vortex and the zone of the main vortex, the error in the calculations of the hydrodynamics of the flow, and especially the particles, increases significantly due to the use of different equations of the turbulent viscosity, which is taken for each zone constant. These models are written for a continuous medium and are therefore not suitable for multiphase flow.
 The peculiarities of the trajectory of the material particle in the vortex apparatus are determined and the dependences are obtained, which allow to control the heat treatment time and on the basis of which it is possible to design the optimal vortex device for drying dispersed materials. The mathematical models obtained in this work can be used in methods of calculations and design of vortex heat and mass transfer devices.
 The calculations performed according to the equations of the proposed model show satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. When estimating the relative velocities of the particle in the unloading part of the vortex apparatus, it is obvious that the use of equations for laminar flow, which are traditionally used in calculations, leads to significant errors.

Professor A.P. Merkulov’ role in the process of research and development of the vortex effect

The article is prepared for the centenary of the birth of Alexander Petrovich Merkulov. The stages of creating the theoretical basis of the vortex effect of energy separation of gases (the hypothesis of vortex interaction), and the creation and implementation of vortex devices based on the use of the vortex effect for aviation and medicine are considered. The role of Professor A.P. Merkulov in the study of characteristic features of the energy separation process in vortex tubes and practical application of the vortex effect in the USSR is shown. The works of ONIL-9 (KuAI-SGAU) headed by Alexander Petrovich Merkulov ensured the leading position of the Soviet school of thought in the field of vortex effect. These works contributed to the formation of modern understanding of the vortex effect and the successful beginning of industrial application of vortex apparatuses.

Development of a new high-capacity formaldehyde absorption unit for environmental problems solving and resource saving in formalin production

Ways of further intensification of formaldehyde absorption process and new constructions of more compact apparatuses have been developed on the basis of generalization of results of experimental study of regularities of mechanism and kinetics of formaldehyde absorption in conditions of formalin production. The most effective and for intensification of formaldehyde absorption process are vortex apparatuses in the form of a cascade of one-stage vortex apparatuses, or in the form of a vortex column including three vortex phase contact stages. A new splash trap with bag filtering elements was developed for effective fog catching.

STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION AND MODE PARAMETERS ON THE HYDRODYNAMICS OF A HOLLOW VORTEX APPARATUS

The research was to determine the more efficient design of the swirler from the point of view of hydrodynamics and heat and its optimal parameters. Various swirl designs were manufactured and tested. After preliminary studies conducted on a laboratory installation with a glass working apparatus, several swirlers were selected taking into account their hydraulic resistance, the structure of the swirling gas-liquid flow, and the amount of liquid entrainment by gas. The results of an experimental study of the hydrodynamics of a hollow vortex apparatus with one and two tangential and axial swirlers. Hydraulic losses in the channel and in the swirls during the direct downward movement of gas and gas-liquid flow are determined. In addition, studies of the hydraulic resistance of a vortex-type device allow us to determine the energy consumption of this device for conducting complex processes of dust collection and absorption or contact heat exchange. The hydraulic resistance in the presence of a liquid film is higher than in the case of a single-phase gas flow. The pressure drop in the studied vortex apparatus does not exceed the resistance of high-performance cyclones and vortex-type devices of other designs. The effect of the twist coefficient of gas swirlers, gas velocity, and liquid flow on the pressure drop in the vortex apparatus is established

Research and development of the structure of a vortex heat generator by the method of mathematical modeling

The object of research is a mathematical model of a new design of a vortex heat generator with translational-rotational flow in a variable geometry working space. One of the most problematic areas in the development of new and promising designs of heat generators by the method of physical modeling is the search for its optimal operating-technological and instrumental-design parameters. The implementation of a preliminary analysis of such structures by the method of mathematical modeling will significantly reduce the time and material costs for the development of promising designs of heat generators. The studies of the design of the new vortex heat generator, carried out by the method of mathematical modeling, made it possible to determine the range of its operation, to evaluate the operating-technological and hardware-design parameters that affect the efficiency of work. Studies of the hydrodynamics of the translational-rotational motion of a viscous fluid flow in the working space of a new vortex heat generator with a variable geometry of the working space made it possible to determine the critical velocity and pressure, the influence of the geometric parameters of the device on the generation of vortices that promote cavitation. Model studies were carried out in the range of fluid load changes in the range from 0.001 m3/s to 0.01 m3/s. The study of changes in the velocity field in the channels was carried out for the geometry of the channel with a taper angle from 0° to 25°. The width of the working channel of the space Wn varied in the range of 130, 70 and 40 mm. It has been established that a good axial symmetry and smoothness of the coolant flow in the vortex zone along the swirler screw provides the coolant inlet through a nozzle with a rectangular cross-section. The dependence of the influence of the flow area of the nozzle for introducing the coolant into the vortex zone on the energy efficiency of the vortex apparatus as a whole is found experimentally. The research carried out makes it possible to design vortex heat generators with geometric parameters that meet modern energy efficiency requirements. The geometry of the swirler screw is determined, which increases the efficiency of the heat generator by 35 % in comparison with similar designs of vortex heat generators given in the literature.

Modeling of the Electromagnetic Characteristics of the Inductor of an Electric Vortex Apparatus in the Comsol Multiphysics Environment

Electric vortex devices are a promising solution for intensifying a large number of technological influ-ences. However, depending on the area of application, the efficiency of use depends on a large number of fac-tors which are often difficult to optimize without a simulation model. The article discusses the possibility of modeling of the electromagnetic characteristics of the inductor of a vortex electric apparatus in the Comsol Multiphysics environment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the distribution of magnetic flux in the inductor of a vortex electric apparatus depending on the type of geometry and the level of occupancy of the technologi-cal zone. The object of study is the inductor of a vortex electric apparatus with an unmatched moving part, the subject is the distribution of magnetic flux depending on the type of geometry of working bodies and the level of their occupancy of the technological zone. The simulation of the distribution of the magnetic flux in the in-ductor, depending on the type of the used geometry of the working bodies, as well as the level of their filling of the technological zone was carried out. It was found that the most promising from the energy point of view is the use of spherical working bodies which is explained by the most preferable mass inertial characteristics rela-tive to rod working bodies with displaced centers of mass. The obtained results can represent the initial data for the development of elements of digitalization of the energy characteristics of vortex electrical devices dur-ing their operation in various industries, as well as when creating their simulation models.

ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ВИХРЕВЫХ АППАРАТОВ ДЛЯ РЕГЕНЕРАЦИОННОГО ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЯ ЦИАНИСТОГО НАТРИЯ ИЗ ОТРАБОТАННЫХ РАСТВОРОВ

The article presents the results of the study on the effectiveness of the use of vortex apparatuses for the regenerative extraction of sodium cyanide from spent solutions. The authors emphasize the main advantages and factors explaining the higher efficiency of vortex devices compared with traditional technologies for the regeneration of NaCN from spent solutions. The study also highlights the results of experiments according to which the average volumetric conversion rate of the starting compounds is 40-60 times higher than in conventional bubble columns, which clearly shows the advantage of vortex devices.

Analytical solution for self-induced motion of a helical vortex with a Gaussian core

The paper presents an analytical solution for helical vortices with a Gaussian vorticity distribution in the core, which is confirmed by experimental and numerical simulations. This result is obtained by extending the Dyson method to the Biot–Savart law. Previously, analytical solutions were found and studied only for vortices with constant vorticity distribution in the core (a Rankine-type vortex core). One of the important issues raised during the discussion is the difference between self-induced movements of helical structures with both types of vortex core. The proposed solutions are important for the fundamental understanding and description of the behavior of helical eddy flows in various fields of industry and in nature. Examples include tip vortices behind the rotors of wind or hydro turbines, tornadoes, or axial vortices in aerodynamic devices such as vortex apparatuses and generators; cyclone separators, combustion chambers, etc.

Analysis of the influence of aerodynamic qualities of the components of mixtures on separation in power-saving vortex vehicles

The object of research is gas-dynamic vortex processes in heterogeneous polydisperse flows. One of the most problematic issues is the determination of the aerodynamic characteristics of the components of a heterogeneous polydisperse medium, which are necessary to create a mathematical model of the separation process. The study used methods of mathematical modeling based on the theory of similarity. A technique has been developed for assessing the aerodynamic parameters of mixture components, on the basis of which a number of aerodynamic similarities have been compiled. The coefficients of lift, aerodynamic drag, lateral force, longitudinal, transverse and rotational moments of the components of the grain mixture are obtained. This is necessary for theoretical studies of gas-dynamic processes in vortex separators in unsteady three-dimensional flow with variable flow density, concentration and flow rate of the separated mixture components and the carried fractions. The Reynolds vibration criterion is obtained, based on which the trajectories and energy of the vortex motion of individual components and the separation degree of heterogeneous mixtures are determined. This allows to improve the mathematical model of the distribution process of heterogeneous polydisperse mixtures in the proposed energy-saving vortex separators. The obtained results provide the basis for improving the general theory of heterogeneous vortex flows by introducing an external disturbance criterion that takes into account the drag of the vortex force field and the amplitude-frequency energy level. Thanks to this, it is possible to evaluate the influence of any argument in the desired function. The research results make it possible to automate the analysis of process characteristics and compare them by parameters with experimental data. And also to evaluate the correspondence of dynamic, kinematic and gas-dynamic functions calculated from the given geometric parameters of the vortex devices with the functions obtained from the averaged values. These data makes it possible to work out a range of variations in the parameters of the geometric design of vortex apparatuses by zones, parameters at the inlet, outlet, and degrees of separation, minimize the number of manufactured laboratory and semi-industrial vortex apparatuses, and unify a number of units. Compared with similar known separators, vortex apparatuses are proposed that reduce the cost of preparing raw materials in the grain mill area by a factor of tens due to the elimination of moving working parts, assemblies and screens.

Waste gas treatment technology against dust in vortex apparatuses with closed water circulation

This article covers the development results and manufacturing application of high technology of water scrubbing for waste gases against dust for environmental management of finely broken stone of limestone wastes burning in rotary kilns. The followings are obtained under production conditions firstly: current sanitary standards for gas cleaning, comprehensive utilization of trapped slurry and closed water circulation.