Voronezh Province Research Articles

The skeleton of mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) from the Upper Paleolithic site Kostenki 14 (Markina Gora), European Russia

The paper presents a description of the skeleton of the woolly mammoth Mammuthus primigenius excavated from the multilayer Upper Paleolithic site Kostenki 14 (Markina gora) in Voronezh Province, European Russia. Skeleton was found in deposits filling a small gully. The bones were arranged in anatomical order and displaced slightly from each other. The whole absence of the cultural remains and cut marks on the bones indicate that the animal died naturally, without human participation. This skeleton demonstrates replacement of M1 by M2 in the upper jaw, and unfused epiphyses of most bones. Based on morphological and morphometric data, the skeleton belongs to young individual died at the age of 19–25 years, probably, a male. The mammoth from Kostenki 14 lived in the Middle of Valdai interglacial, 33–36 thousands years ago by radiocarbon dating.

Становление советской стоматологии Воронежской губернии

The authors highlight the issues of creating a new system of public dentistry after the revolution of 1917, consider the decision of the Narkomzdrav of the RSFSR "On the organization of dental care in the Republic", they analyze the reform of the transition from private dentistry in Russia to the organization of free dental care. Organization of accounting and collecting information on available staffing privately practicing dentists and their material and technical equipment, as well as the issues of labor service dentists and dental technicians are considered. The article presents the process of nationalization of dental equipment ambulatory care in privately practicing dentists. The authors study the problems of mobilization of dentists to the front in the Red army, they highlight the role of Narkomzdrav of the RSFSR in the development of policies and guidelines for the establishment of a state dentistry and systematic financing of city departments to create and supply free dental clinics, as well as the problems of reform of the state organization of dentistry in the Soviet Republic. The au-thors show the changes affecting dental care because of the new economic policy. A review of documents of the state archive of the Voronezh region, which reflect the work of dental subsections of the Voronezh Region in the first years after the revolution, is presented. The authors conduct a detailed analysis of the dental work the sub-section on the establishment and organization of a network of dental clinics to provide free dental care to the population of the Voronezh province.

СВОБОДНОРАДИКАЛЬНОЕ ОКИСЛЕНИЕ ЛИПИДОВ И РЕПРОДУКТИВНОЕ ЗДОРОВЬЕ КОРОВ

Free radical lipid oxidation is currently considered as one of the dominant metabolic processes of physiological system functional activity. When it goes beyond regulated limits it is considered as an inductor of free radical pathology oxidative stress. In the conditions of a big dairy cattle breeding farm (Voronezh Province), specialized in Red-and-White breed, the functioning peculiarities of the peroxidation system lipid-oxidant defense in cows at the normal course of gestation and at gestosis, at the normal course of postpartum period and at puerperal endometritis, uterus subinvolution and ovarian dysfunction were studied. The state of lipid peroxidation processes and antioxidant system were evaluated by determining total lipid content, cholesterol, triglycerides, malonic dialdehyde (MDA), nitrogen oxides (NO ·), E and C vitamins concentrations, glutathione peroxidase (GPO), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase, superoxide dismustase (SOD) activity in blood. It is demonstrated that the high activity of lipid peroxidation reactions and the system of nitrogen oxide at decrease of antioxidant defense non-enzymic link capacity is the basis of gestosis and acute postnatal complications. Thus, аn increase of MDA concentration by 42.3-43.0 %, NO · by 31.9-38.0 % was observed in cows with gestosis. At mild gestosis the glutathione peroxidase activity, catalase activity and vitamin C concentration increased by 11.0 %, 14.3 %, 38.0 %, and 24.1 %, respectively, while vitamin Е concentration decreased by 11.7 % due to more consumption for neutralization of the toxic peroxidation products. At more sever pathology, the glutathione peroxidase activity and catalase activity in blood increased by 26.0 % and 17.3 %, respectively, when compared to the healthy animals, while vitamins E and C concentrations decreased by 33.3 % (р < 0,01) and 17.2 %, respectively. As free radical oxidation intensified, an anaerobic degradation of carbohydrates was activated to supply the tissues of developing fetus with energy under oxygen deficit occurred because of violation of the blood circulation. Postpartum inflammation in the genital organs in cows developed against the background of increase of MDA concentration by 76.0 %, GPO and GR activity by 65.8 % and 14.6 %, respectively, SOD by 46.0 %, catalase by 45.7 %, 2.9 times increase of NO · concentration and reduction of vitamin E content by 35.5 %. Infertile animals with ovarian dysfunction were characterized by high activity of lipid peroxidation processes and by low level of nitrogen oxide generation. This is indicated by an increased concentration of MDA by 57.0 %, activity of GPO by 27.6 %, GR by 10.5 %, SOD by 31.9 %, catalase by 24.3 %, with a reduced content of NO · and vitamin E by 56.9 % and 31.6 %, respectively, in comparison with healthy animals. A decrease in NO · concentration in blood could result from a sharp depression of hormone synthesizing function in ovaries, and low NO · production could disturb functions of the gonads. The high level of peroxidation is peculiar to animals with chronic uterus pathology, however, it is less expressed than in cows with acute course of the pathological process.

FREE RADICAL LIPID OXIDATION AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF COWS

Free radical lipid oxidation is currently considered as one of the dominant metabolic processes of physiological system functional activity. When it goes beyond regulated limits it is considered as an inductor of free radical pathology oxidative stress. In the conditions of a big dairy cattle breeding farm (Voronezh Province), specialized in Red-and-White breed, the functioning peculiarities of the peroxidation system lipid-oxidant defense in cows at the normal course of gestation and at gestosis, at the normal course of postpartum period and at puerperal endometritis, uterus subinvolution and ovarian dysfunction were studied. The state of lipid peroxidation processes and antioxidant system were evaluated by determining total lipid content, cholesterol, triglycerides, malonic dialdehyde (MDA), nitrogen oxides (NO • ), E and C vitamins concentrations, glutathione peroxidase (GPO), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase, superoxide dismustase (SOD) activity in blood. It is demonstrated that the high activity of lipid peroxidation reactions and the system of nitrogen oxide at decrease of antioxidant defense non-enzymic link capacity is the basis of gestosis and acute postnatal complications. Thus, an increase of MDA concentration by 42.3-43.0 %, NO • by 31.9-38.0 % was observed in cows with gestosis. At mild gestosis the glutathione peroxidase activity, catalase activity and vitamin C concentration increased by 11.0 %, 14.3 %, 38.0 %, and 24.1 %, respectively, while vitamin A concentration decreased by 11.7 % due to more consumption for neutralization of the toxic peroxidation products. At more sever pathology, the glutathione peroxidase activity and catalase activity in blood increased by 26.0 % and 17.3 %, respectively, when compared to the healthy animals, while vitamins E and C concentrations decreased by 33.3 % (ð < 0,01) and 17.2 %, respectively. As free radical oxidation intensified, an anaerobic degradation of carbohydrates was activated to supply the tissues of developing fetus with energy under oxygen deficit occurred because of violation of the blood circulation. Postpartum inflammation in the genital organs in cows developed against the background of increase of MDA concentration by 76.0 %, GPO and GR activity by 65.8 % and 14.6 %, respectively, SOD by 46.0 %, catalase by 45.7 %, 2.9 times increase of NO • concentration and reduction of vitamin E content by 35.5 %. Infertile animals with ovarian dysfunction were characterized by high activity of lipid peroxidation processes and by low level of nitrogen oxide generation. This is indicated by an increased concentration of MDA by 57.0 %, activity of GPO by 27.6 %, GR by 10.5 %, SOD by 31.9 %, catalase by 24.3 %, with a reduced content of NO • • •

The upper Viséan–Serpukhovian in the type area for the Serpukhovian Stage (Moscow Basin, Russia): Part 2. bulk geochemistry and magnetic susceptibility

This study is the summary analysis of bulk XRF geochemistry (233 samples from three sections) of the Oka and Zaborie groups of the type Serpukhovian succession in the Moscow Basin. The siliciclastic wedges in the limestone‐dominated Oka Group are two to three times enriched in Fe, Ti, and Zr compared to Clarke values. Bulk iron strongly correlates with magnetic susceptibility. Iron tends to form ferruginized horizons (original siderites) in finer grained siliciclastic beds associated with coal seams. These beds also tend to be enriched in Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and other trace metals (metal enrichment horizons or MEHs). MEHs formed in ponded conditions of coastal low‐pH marshlands vegetated by mangrove‐like lycopsid bushes. Well‐drained environments of palaeokarst formation and alkaline everglades (Akulshino palustrine event) on the other hand did not accumulate Fe and trace metals. The thin shale seam (found close to the Viséan–Serpukhovian boundary in Polotnyanyi Zavod) has unusually high Rb and Sr values, which may contain volcanigenic material useful for absolute dating. The Gurovo Formation (Steshevian Substage of the Serpukhovian) is less enriched in Fe and Ti. In the Gurovo Formation, the transition from the lower montmorillonitic shale (Glazechnya Member) to the upper palygorskitic shale (Dashkovka Member) is expressed by a five‐fold increase in background MgO values, which indicates progressive shoaling and climatic aridization. Phosphorus remains close to 0% in the Oka Group and tends to increase in the Zaborie Group, in agreement with a dramatic increase of conodont numbers and other signatures of a lower Serpukhovian marine transgression. The lower half of the Glazechnya Member exhibits fluctuating enrichment in Fe, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, V, Cr, and Co. These fluctuations are mostly inverse to fluctuations of Mn. This pattern has been interpreted as a signature of seafloor oxygen deficiency, where Mn‐rich samples record oxygen‐poor environments (redox barrier level with the sediment surface) and Mn‐poor samples enriched in Fe and trace metals record transitions to anoxic setting. This interval is interpreted as the Lower Serpukhovian highstand. Enrichment in Fe, Ti, and Zr of Oka siliciclastic units of Polotnyanyi Zavod indicates provenance from the ore‐rich Voronezh Land, south of the Moscow Basin. The westerly flux regarded as a possible provenance in previous palaeogeographic reconstructions is discarded for the studied sections. The Gurovo Shale is also linked to the Voronezh province, although Fe, Ti, and Zr concentrations are lower than in the Oka shales. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Обзор дореволюционной стоматологии Воронежской губернии

This study allows to present and to evaluate the formation of dental care in Voronezh province in the pre-revolutionary period. The article highlights the ways of providing dental care to residents of Voronezh province in this period. Archival documents of the State archive of the Voronezh region contain information about the first practicing dental doctors and dentists in the city of Voronezh. The training of dental dentistry by apprenticeship is presented in the documents. Documentary procedure of registration and opening of private hospitals diseases of teeth and cavity of mouth in 1905 in the town of Voronezh is demonstrated. Charter private hospitals diseases of teeth and cavity of mouth, which includes the objectives of the hospital and the basis for its device, the description of the conditions of admission of patients, rights and obligations of the founder of the institution, Governor and head of the economic part also is presented. In the documents there is information about the approved rate of private dental clinics, which gives the opportunity to present, in what amount and what fees dental care was provided in Voronezh at the beginning of the last century. The paper shows the quantitative distribution of dental surgeons and dentists in the Voronezh province and the city of Voronezh in the early XX century.

Socialist Realism and the Study of Rural Life, 1945–1958

The campaign against cosmopolitanism (1946–1953) forced social scientists to develop a methodology that captured socialist transformation in a socialist realist vernacular. The article examines the way socialist realism served as a prism through which to identify, categorize, and order research objects. Focusing primarily a 1951 ethnographic expedition to Voronezh province and its search for a “typical” village, the article argues that ethnographers, like other social scientists, perceived themselves as social engineers and their mission as molding soviet society into a socialist realist form. In this sense, scientists used socialist realism as a mechanism to distill reality into socialism. The article suggests that rather than discuss the truth value of soviet social scientific knowledge, historians should conceptualize these scholars’ work as manifestations of a unique soviet impulse to transform society.

The age of metamorphism of granulite complexes of the Voronezh crystalline massif: The monazite U-Pb geochronology

1575 Over recent decades, studies on the reconstruction of the geodynamic evolution of the lithosphere of the East European Platform, including the Voronezh crys� talline massif (VCM), have been carried out actively. The reliability of these reconstructions has some dis� advantages due to insufficient geochronological knowledge of the Precambrian metamorphic regions, which is about 90% of the total volume of the conti� nental crust within the VCM. The Voronezh crystalline massif is a large rise (600 × 800 km) of the East European Platform base� ment, bounded by a system of grabenlike aulacogenes (Pachelmskii, Moskovskii, Gzhatskii, and Toropets� Vyazemskii) from the north and northeast, Dnepr– Donetsk aulacogene from the south, and the Orsha Depression from the south, and the Pricaspian depres� sion from the east. The VCM together with the Ukrai� nian Shield (USh) forms one of Earth’s three crust segments of the Precambrian basement of the East European Craton (Sarmatia) [1]. This VCM belongs to the northeast area of Sarmatia (Fig. 1). The VCM was separated from the Ukrainian Shield in the Phan� erozoic by the Dnepr–Donetsk aulacogene. In the east the Lipetsk–Losevskii volcanogenic belt and the East Voronezh province separate the VCM and the Volga–Uralia crust segment. The main peculiarities of the geological structure of the VCM are reflected in three main types of the struc� –

Seasonal dynamics of scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia) in Voronezh Province

Thirteen seasonal groups of lamellicorn beetles are distinguished in Voronezh Province. Most of the species were found to belong to the spring, late spring-early summer, spring-summer, and summer groups.

A new species of the genus Argyra Macquart from Voronezh Province of Russia (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)

Argyra venevitinovensis sp. n. is described from Voronezh Province, Russia.

Record of Pachycoleus pusillimus from Voronezh Province of Russia (Heteroptera: Dipsocoridae)

Pachycoleus pusillimus (J. Sahlberg, 1870) is recorded from Voronezh Province of Russia for the first time.

Voronezh Province

Voronezh Province