Voronezh Oblast Research Articles

Justices of Peace in Russian Empire as an Alternative to Formal Judicial Proceedings: 1775–1866

This article examines the establishment and functioning of the Justices of the Peace in the Russian Empire, initiated by Catherine II in 1775 and fully abolished in 1866. Utilizing a structural analysis method, the study investigates the judicial processes within these courts from 1775 to 1866. A formal-logical approach is employed to analyze the existing legislation of the Russian Empire concerning the jurisdiction of the Justices of the Peace. The research draws on administrative documents from the State Archive of Voronezh Oblast and legislative acts from the late 18th to mid-19th centuries. The novelty of this study lies in its perspective of viewing the Justices of the Peace as an alternative to formal judicial proceedings, which were primarily based on inquisitorial principles as an ideal type of legal process, alongside theories of formal evidence, where judicial decisions were made without regard for the internal convictions of the judge. The author concludes that the judicial process of the Justices of the Peace was primarily aimed at protecting private interests, with the nature of this alternative to formal proceedings varying depending on whether the case was criminal or civil.

Т-РЕЦЕПТОРНЫЕ И КАППА-ДЕЛЕЦИОННЫЕ РЕКОМБИНАЦИОННЫЕ ЭКСЦИЗИОННЫЕ КОЛЬЦА КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ОЦЕНКИ ФУНКЦИИ Т- И В-КЛЕТОЧНОГО ЗВЕНА ИММУНИТЕТА У НОВОРОЖДЕННЫХ С ЭКСТРЕМАЛЬНО НИЗКОЙ МАССОЙ ТЕЛА ПРИ РОЖДЕНИИ: ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА

Early detection of newborns with congenital immune errors has become possible as yet thanks to the recent nationwide introduction of expanded neonatal screening into routine practice. The stake of false-positive results is higher in premature infants than in other age groups. This therefore requires further and more thorough investigation of both TREC and KREC dynamics in preterm infants. The purpose of this research was to identify significant factors affecting the levels of TREC and KREC in infants born with extremely low birth weight and to evaluate the dynamics of these parameters depending on the gestational age. Materials and methods used: the study that involved 43 (51,2% (22) girls/48,8% (21) boys) extremely low birth weight newborns with gestational age of 26 [25; 27] weeks who were born at the Perinatal Center with the Voronezh Oblast Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 (Voronezh, Russia) in 2022-2024 had been carried out. The dynamics of TREC and KREC indicators from the gestational age was evaluated. The influence of significant prenatal and postnatal factors on TREC and KREC indicators was considered. The material for the study was dried blood spots drawn on Guthrie cards and taken as part of neonatal screening. Results: it was revealed that TREC levels increased, KREC values remained relatively stable with increasing gestation period. A decrease in TREC levels is observed in newborns who were born to mothers whose pregnancy was complicated by fetoplacental insufficiency (p=0,012) as well as in those who had required the extended cardiotonic support aiming to stabilize the main hemodynamic parameters (p=0.042). A decrease in KREC levels was observed in newborns from mothers with a history of two and more frozen pregnancies (p<0,001). Conclusion: statistically significant prenatal and postnatal factors affecting TREC and KREC levels in children born with extremely low birth weight have been revealed. The dynamics of TREC/KREC indices depending on the gestational age was noted.

First Record of Pontederia crassipes Mart. from Voronezh Oblast

First Record of Pontederia crassipes Mart. from Voronezh Oblast

Total Mineral Content in Raw Materials of Ten Medicinal Plants from Roadside Biotopes of Voronezh Oblast.

The total mineral content was studied in medicinal plants from roadside and railside biotopes of the Voronezh region. Pharmacopoeial plant raw materials of 10 species were evaluated: roots of Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg and Arctium lappa L.; herb of Polygonum aviculare L., Artemisia absinthium L., Leonurus quinquelobatus Gilib., and Achillea millefolium L.; leaves of Urtica dioica L. and Plantago major L.; and flowers of Tanacetum vulgare L. and Tilia cordata Mill. Plant raw materials were collected near roads and railways of various types in the periods specified in regulatory documents. The total ash content in plant material was used to determine the minimum allowable distances from various roads and railways for collecting plant material. The minimum allowable distance from heavy-traffic motorways was recommended to be 210 m in the forest zone, 240 m in the forest-steppe zone, and 380 m in the steppe zone. A distance of at least 80 m was recommended for secondary low-speed roads and railways.

Occurrence and Spread of the Alien Thermocyclopis taihokuensis (Harada, 1931) (Crustacea: Cyclopoidae) across Floodplain Lakes of the Khoper State Reserve in Voronezh Oblast in 2021–2022

Occurrence and Spread of the Alien Thermocyclopis taihokuensis (Harada, 1931) (Crustacea: Cyclopoidae) across Floodplain Lakes of the Khoper State Reserve in Voronezh Oblast in 2021–2022

Testate amoebae of the natural monument bog “Klyukvennoye-2” (Usman pine forest, Voronezh Oblast, Russia)

Testate amoebae of the natural monument bog “Klyukvennoye-2” (Usman pine forest, Voronezh Oblast, Russia)

On the mass infection of the pine moth pupae by the eulophid parasitoid wasp Aprostocetus xanthopus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) in Voronezh oblast

In the outbreak of the pine moth Dendrolimus pini (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Lasiocampidae) in Voronezh Oblast, mass infection of its pupae with the pupal parasitoid wasp, Aprostocetus xanthopus Nees, 1834 (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), was revealed. It had destroyed from 7 to 25% of all phytophage pupae, which indicates its significant impact on the cocoon moth abundance. Previously, this parasitoid was frequently noted as an entomophage of the pine moth, but it has always been low in number. The biology of A. xanthopus has not been studied enough completely and this hampers its use as an agent of biological protection of pine forests from the pine moth.

Spatiotemporal Variability of the Bioclimatic Potential in the Central Chernozem Region

This article examines the bioclimatic potential (BCP) (according to S.A. Sapozhnikova) and agroclimatic characteristics of the Central Chernozem Region, including the Oryol oblast, with spatiotemporal trends of their variability analyzed from 1980 to 2021. In the early 2000s, compared to the late 20th century, there was a 10% increase in the BCP, a 13% rise in the sum of active temperatures, and a 6% longer active growing season. Furthermore, shifts in the isolines of the sum of active temperatures and the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) occurred. The active temperature isotherm of 3000°C moved northward, and it is now running through the Belgorod and Voronezh oblast. As a result of the observed hydrothermal conditions, a significant part of the Central Chernozem transitioned from the zone with sufficient moisture (1.3 ≥ HTC > 1) to an arid zone (1 ≥ HTC > 0.7). The overall growth of the BCP in the Central Chernozem Region can be associated with a considerable rise in the sum of active temperatures and a reduction in moisture supply.

Attitudes of students towards joint educational programs with students with disabilities

Introduction. The attitude of healthy students to joint educational programs with disabled students plays a decisive role in creating psychological safety in the educational environment. The study aims to analyze the attitude of healthy students to joint educational programs with students with disabilities. Materials and methods. The study was part of the state program of Voronezh Oblast ‘Accessible Environment’, commissioned by Voronezh regional rehabilitation center for young disabled people and based at Voronezh State Industrial and Humanitarian College (N=1000 people, 46.3% male and 53.7% female). A questionnaire was created to identify opinions about the totality of opportunities and abilities for disabled citizens and about the formation of socially tolerant and psychologically safe relationships. Questioning, analysis, generalization, grouping, comparison, mathematical statistics (Spearman's ρ; principal component method) were used. Results. As the main factor, the analysis revealed tolerant relationships which do not depend on age, gender, and place of residence and are formed in communication. Semantic analysis of students' understanding of tolerance in interaction with people with disabilities includes five TOP-words: 1. Respect 255 (9.6%), 2. Attitude 116 (4.4%), 3. Understanding 113 (4.3%), 4. As towards ordinary people 65 (2.5%), 5. Respect and compassion 18 (0.7%). Discussion. In comparable Russian and foreign studies, the results and basic prerequisites for personal attitudes towards disability, healthy students’ ideas about possible types of relationships with students with disabilities and the degree of their readiness to establish equal and tolerant interpersonal relationships are similar to ours. Conclusion. Students who have experience of studying together with people with disabilities are less characterized by social barriers and segregation of support, compassion and a desire to help, and to a much greater extent by an equal and tolerant attitude, a desire to cooperation and partnership.

КУЛІНАРНІ ВЗАЄМОВПЛИВИ НА УКРАЇНСЬКО-РОСІЙСЬКОМУ ПОГРАНИЧЧІ (КІНЕЦЬ XVIII – ПОЧАТОК XX ст.)

The article is devoted to the identification and analysis of ethnocultural contacts of Ukrainians and Russians at the junction of their ethnic borders in the period from the end of the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century, using the example of mutual influences of national cuisine. The specificity of the historiography dedicated to this topic is clarified, and the gradual nature of the accumulation of data on the culinary traditions of the population of the Ukrainian-Russian border area is traced. The author, taking into account the relevant historical conditions and processes, in particular the policy of purposeful colonization of the Wild Fields implemented by the Russian Empire in the last quarter of the 18th century and the gradual development of territories that will eventually form the historical borderland, investigates the spread of the traditions of the national cuisine of both peoples and their interpenetration. The latter is clarified on the example of specific manifestations in the entire territory of the borderland (which includes modern Chernihiv Oblast, Kharkiv Oblast, Luhansk Oblast, as well as partially Kursk Oblast, Belgorod Oblast and Voronezh Oblast). On the basis of the conducted work, it was concluded that the perception of elements of food culture by Ukrainians and Russians consists of the inclusion of not only full-fledged dishes and recipes, but also their components and even drinks. Within the framework of the article, the ratio of mutual influences in the national cuisines of the two main ethnic groups of the Ukrainian-Russian border was also analyzed in order to determine the dominant ones. According to the results, it was found that Ukrainian culinary traditions mostly retain their original structure and content out of the two national food complexes. In turn, they are subject to only minor intrusions from the side of Russian cuisine. It was established that the fundamental difference between the food culture of Ukrainians and Russian culinary traditions contributed to their stability, since the latter had much simpler elements in their composition. In general, it was established that mutual influences between Ukrainian and Russian national cuisines, having vivid manifestations throughout the territory of the contact zone of the two cultures, thereby form their opposition and demonstrate the identity of both Ukrainians and Russians.

Indicators of primary disability in children with mental disorders and autism in St. Petersburg and the Voronezh region

BACKGROUND: Mental disorders (including autism) in the Russian Federation rank first among all classes of diseases that form the primary disability in children. Analysis of the state and dynamics of the indicators of primary childhood disability due to this pathology, considering age-specific features, is the basis for further development of medical and social expertise, rehabilitation, and disability prevention.
 AIMS: To analyze the state and dynamics of indicators of primary childhood disability caused by mental disorders and autism in St. Petersburg and the Voronezh Oblast.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study enrolled children who were recognized to have a disability for the first time caused by mental disorders and autism in St. Petersburg and Voronezh Oblast for 2016–2021. Data sources included statistical collections of the Federal State Statistics Service and forms of state statistical reporting 7-D (sobes). The study is longitudinal and continuous. Analytical, documentary, data copying, statistical, and graphic research methods were employed.
 RESULTS: Indicators of primary childhood disability caused by mental disorders and autism are important criteria for the effectiveness of rehabilitation (habilitation) measures. The regional variability and growth of the number and level of IDD among the residents of the Russian Federation was revealed, reaching a maximum in St. Petersburg in 2021 (8.5 per 10 thousand pediatric population) and in the Voronezh region in 2019 (8.2 per 10 thousand pediatric population), which exceeded the all-Russian indicators. The level of autism-related primary childhood disability in 2016–2021 varied in the following ranges: from 0.5 to 0.7 in St. Petersburg (1.4-fold increase), from 2.4 to 1.2 in Voronezh Oblast (2-fold decrease), and from 1.4 to 2.0 per 10,000 children population (1.4-fold increase) in the Russian Federation. The results revealed the dependence of fluctuations in the rates of primary childhood disability caused by mental disorders and autism on changes in the normative legal framework for establishing disability.
 CONCLUSION: The data obtained on the regional peculiarities of the dynamics and state of primary childhood disability caused by mental disorders and autism in St. Petersburg and Voronezh Oblast should be used to develop priority directions of medical and social assistance for the prevention of primary childhood disability at the level of regional healthcare organizations.

Experience in Using an Echo Meter Touch Ultrasonic Module in Studies of the Species Composition, Occurrence, and Biotopic Preferences of Bats (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in Voronezh Oblast

Experience in Using an Echo Meter Touch Ultrasonic Module in Studies of the Species Composition, Occurrence, and Biotopic Preferences of Bats (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in Voronezh Oblast

Assessment of the Ecological and Genetic Potential of Poplar Mixoploids in Voronezh Oblast

Assessment of the Ecological and Genetic Potential of Poplar Mixoploids in Voronezh Oblast

Early Neolithic of the Middle Don in the Light of Current Research (based on materials from the Cherkasskaya-5 site)

The article deals with the latest overview of the Early Neolithic site Cherkasskaya-5, located in the Middle Don, southern part of the forest-steppe zone, Voronezh Oblast. The site is characterized by particular preservation of organic remains and a range of materials available for dating, which is rare for sites of the Don forest-steppe area. The first radiocarbon dates, along with particular early Neolithic flint assemblage, allowed attributing the complex to the early Neolithic. First archaeozoological analysis suggested the presence of bones of domesticated species. However recent re-examination of the faunal collection did not allow identifying any domesticated species. New AMS-radiocarbon dates made on organic crust and animal bones confirmed the Early Neolithic age of the site. Direct dating of the organic wrapping of a Cretaceous sinker allowed refining the age of the early Neolithic period to the first quarter of the 6th mill BC. Excavations conducted in 2014–2015 allowed obtaining a ceramic collection, which does not have any analogies within the surrounding Neolithic sites of the Middle and Upper Don region, and finds more similarities with Lower Volga ceramic tradition. It allows us to put a new glance at the process of Neolithisation of the region.

ПОДРОСТКИ С ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ ОРГАНОВ МОЧЕВОЙ СИСТЕМЫ НА ЭТАПЕ ЗАВЕРШЕНИЯ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ В ДЕТСКОЙ НЕФРОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СЛУЖБЕ: ОДНОМОМЕНТНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ НА ОСНОВЕ 10-ЛЕТНЕЙ БАЗЫ ОБЛАСТНОГО СТАЦИОНАРА

Transition of adolescents with kidney diseases from pediatric into adult healthcare system is usually accompanied by clinical, social and psychological problems that are often caused by a patient’s unreadiness. The development of programs intent for the transition preparation requires studying of the peculiarities of the healthcare system resources use by adolescents aged 15 to 17 years old. The purpose of this research was to determine the hospitalisation rate in the nephrology care unit, the nosological structure of diagnosed diseases and the demographic features of hospitalised adolescents aged 15 to 17 y/o. Methods used: a single-centre cross-sectional descriptive study based on a 10-year database of the Nephrology Care Unit named after V.P. Sitnikova of the Voronezh Oblast Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital No. 1 (Voronezh, Russia). Results: 14522 admissions, 24.6% (n=3574) of which were adolescents aged 15 to 17 y/o were analysed: 55.4% (n=1981) boys/44.6% (n=1593) girls. The median hospitalisation rate for patients aged 15 to 17 y/o per 100000 of the corresponding population within the 10-year period was 609.7 in boys and 537.4 in girls. The diagnosis from N10 to N16 ICD-10 code blocks was mainly registered in adolescents of this age group (50% in girls (95% CI 47.5%-52.4%) and 38.2% in boys (95% CI 36.0%-40.3%)). Statistically significant differences in the nosological structure of the diseases between girls and boys were found (p<0.001). The analysed 10-year period was characterised by a positive trend in the registration of the main diagnosis in adolescents from the N17 to N19 ICD-10 code blocks (р=0,023). The average age of the last hospital admission among the patients who completed follow-up in the paediatric nephrology service was 15 [13-17] y/o, of which 26.9% of adolescents were hospitalised at the age of 17 y/o. Conclusion: primary data were obtained to develop a system for preparing adolescents for their transition from paediatric into adult healthcare systems.

Assessing ecosystem services in Russia: Case studies from four municipal districts

The task of organizing ecosystem accounting and integrating the value of ecosystems and ecosystem services into the management process has been set in Russia. The municipal level is the key one in the system of ecological spatial planning. However, the analysis of the official documents on spatial planning in Russia revealed that ecosystem services are still to be integrated into them. This paper aims to develop guidelines for the formation and implementation of integrated plans for the development of rural areas in the aspect of ecosystem development. The suggested methods of ES evaluation and monetization are based on the use of open statistical data and available digital land cover maps. This way, ecosystem services were calculated in biophysical indicators by converting the area of different types of ecosystems into the demanded and supplied volumes of ecosystem services. The described approaches were approbated on four municipal districts in different federal subjects of Russia (Kiznerskiy district in the Udmurt Republic; Elizovskiy district in Kamchatskiy krai; Maikopskiy district in the Adygeya Republic; and Bobrovskiy district in Voronezh oblast). It reveals that carbon regulation makes up the major part of a total ecosystem services value in the studied districts, thus making regulating services constitute the largest share of the total supplied ecosystem services volume. Recreational and other cultural ecosystem services do not make up a considerable part of the total ES value in any district. These evaluations, on the one hand, form an incomplete and exaggerated idea of ecosystems’ value as a source of natural resources; and on the other, detract their regulating and cultural services, which are also extremely significant for the sustainable development on different spatial levels.

Детские погребения в одиночном курганеу с. Некрылово (Воронежская обл.): к характеристике возрастной структуры срубного общества

The article presents the results of a study of children’s burials from a single mound near the village of Nekrylovo, Voronezh Oblast. It was revealed that children’s burials stand out among adults by their planigraphic position and the placement of the lower parts of the vessels as the only item of grave goods. There is a relatively high percentage of infant mortality. Some single cases of pathologies and peculiarities of the skeletons are distinguished. In the diet of this population, according to isotopic analysis, plant foods predominated, meat food was not abundant. Moreover, children ate more meat than adults.

Cultural and morphological features of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>Fusarium brachygibbosum</i> species associated with garden strawberry plants

This study is focused on two micromycetes of the genus Fusarium: the complex species F. oxysporum and F. brachygibbosum Padwick isolated from strawberry roots from different regions of Russia. Studies were performed in 2021-2022 on samples of symptomatic plants collected in the Republic of Crimea and Voronezh Oblast. The micromycetes were studied by means of a combination of classical biological methods and molecular genetic approaches with decoding of nucleotide sequences. The subject of the work was to study the biological features of F. oxysporum and F. brachygibbosum Padwick. The work included the study of macro- and micro features of the target objects. The following cultural features were determined: structure and coloring of aerial and substrate mycelium, character of colony surface, growth rate, sporulation of fungi, pigmentation of structures and nutrient media on the studied media. The species F. brachygibbosum from planting material of strawberry originating from the Republic of Crimea was isolated and identified for the first time. As a result of studies of different composition of nutrient media, it was found that potato-glucose agar (PGA) 2 % is the most optimal nutrient medium for growth and sporulation of target isolates. It was determined that the addition of citric acid to PGA altered the macro features of the mycelium of F. brachygibbosum. Universal sites of several genes (internal transcribed spacer, actin gene, elongation translation factor gene) were studied for species identification of F. oxysporum and F. brachygibbosum. Variable gene sites for identification of the species identity of Fusarium isolates were determined. It was revealed that ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and TEF sites could be used for interspecific differentiation of Fusarium wilts.

Sorption capacity of organic matter to heavy metals and its use for polluted soils recover soils recover

The article considers the results of leached chernozems and yellow soil research in Central Russia and in the South of Central China. The research has demonstrated that organic matter has an increased sorption capacity for heavy metals (HM), including lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), which are hazardous environmental pollutants. Studies conducted on chernozems demonstrate features of HM migration along a soil profile. Thus, the total content of elements accumulates in the upper humus horizon, further down the profile it gradually decreases, following a decrease in an amount of organic matter. In a soil-forming rock an accumulation of metals is again noted due to the alkaline reaction of soil solution and silt fraction, which is enriched in soil-forming rocks. A significant increase in elements content in soils of arable land (farmland soils) was revealed in comparison with a fallow territory and a forest belt. This phenomenon explains by an additional supply of HMs as an admixture of mineral fertilizers applied on plowed chernozems. In addition, HMs are also appear as a result of agricultural machinery operations during flammable fuel combustion. The ability of organic matter to increased sorption of HMs can be used to restore heavily polluted areas. Farmland soils of Sichuan province were studied as a model experiment. Keywords: CHERNOZEMS, YELLOW SOIL, HEAVY METALS, LEAD, CADMIUM, TOTAL CONTENT, EXCHANGE COMPOUNDS, VORONEZH OBLAST, SICHUAN PROVINCE

Сорбционная способность органического вещества к тяжелым металлам и ее применение при восстановлении загрязненных почв

The article considers the results of leached chernozems and yellow soil research in Central Russia and in the South of Central China. The research has demonstrated that organic matter has an increased sorption capacity for heavy metals (HM), including lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), which are hazardous environmental pollutants. Studies conducted on chernozems demonstrate features of HM migration along a soil profile. Thus, the total content of elements accumulates in the upper humus horizon, further down the profile it gradually decreases, following a decrease in an amount of organic matter. In a soil-forming rock an accumulation of metals is again noted due to the alkaline reaction of soil solution and silt fraction, which is enriched in soil-forming rocks. A significant increase in elements content in soils of arable land (farmland soils) was revealed in comparison with a fallow territory and a forest belt. This phenomenon explains by an additional supply of HMs as an admixture of mineral fertilizers applied on plowed chernozems. In addition, HMs are also appear as a result of agricultural machinery operations during flammable fuel combustion. The ability of organic matter to increased sorption of HMs can be used to restore heavily polluted areas. Farmland soils of Sichuan province were studied as a model experiment. Keywords: CHERNOZEMS, YELLOW SOIL, HEAVY METALS, LEAD, CADMIUM, TOTAL CONTENT, EXCHANGE COMPOUNDS, VORONEZH OBLAST, SICHUAN PROVINCE