Von Oertzen Research Articles

A Right to Beat a Child? Corporal Punishment and the Law in Wilhelmine Germany

In 1903, Elisabeth von Oertzen, a widely read author and one of the founders of the Society for the Protection of Children from Mistreatment and Exploitation, exhorted her fellow protectionists in the pages of her organization's newsletter to push for greater legal protections for children from abusive adults. The occasion for her admonition was the infamous Bavarian child abuse case in which a young male tutor, Andreas Dippold, had beaten his young charges so badly that one had succumbed to his mistreatment. The case demonstrated, von Oertzen wrote, that while torture had been abolished for adults, it was still widely practiced on children. One of the chief causes of child abuse, according to von Oertzen, was the claim to the so-calledZüchtigungsrecht, the right to use corporal punishment. “Because of [the] defenselessness of children it has become customary to exercise on them the right to use corporal punishment, even where it does not exist,” she wrote. A host of people, including tutors, governesses, and babysitters claim the right, but “how far the right to corporal punishment is transferrable is entirely an open question!” Curiously, von Oertzen asserted both that there was an objectively existing “right” to use corporal punishment and that there was no consensus on where that right lay.

Longitudinal design considerations to optimize power to detect variances and covariances among rates of change: Simulation results based on actual longitudinal studies.

We investigated the power to detect variances and covariances in rates of change in the context of existing longitudinal studies using linear bivariate growth curve models. Power was estimated by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Our findings show that typical longitudinal study designs have substantial power to detect both variances and covariances among rates of change in a variety of cognitive, physical functioning, and mental health outcomes. We performed simulations to investigate the interplay among number and spacing of occasions, total duration of the study, effect size, and error variance on power and required sample size. The relation between growth rate reliability (GRR) and effect size to the sample size required to detect power greater than or equal to .80 was nonlinear, with rapidly decreasing sample sizes needed as GRR increases. The results presented here stand in contrast to previous simulation results and recommendations (Hertzog, Lindenberger, Ghisletta, & von Oertzen, 2006; Hertzog, von Oertzen, Ghisletta, & Lindenberger, 2008; von Oertzen, Ghisletta, & Lindenberger, 2010), which are limited due to confounds between study length and number of waves, error variance with growth curve reliability, and parameter values that are largely out of bounds of actual study values. Power to detect change is generally low in the early phases (i.e., first years) of longitudinal studies but can substantially increase if the design is optimized. We recommend additional assessments, including embedded intensive measurement designs, to improve power in the early phases of long-term longitudinal studies.

Recording the insula during ictal asystole

Ictal asystole (IA), defined as a sinus arrest triggered by an epileptic seizure, is a rare event observed in 0.3 to 0.4% of patients undergoing long-term in-hospital video-EEG monitoring [ 1 Rocamera R. Kurthen M. Lickfett L. Von Oertzen J. Elger C.E. Cardiac asystole in epilepsy: clinical and neurophysiological features. Epilepsia. 2003; 44: 179-185 Crossref PubMed Scopus (214) Google Scholar , 2 Schuele S.U. Bermeo A.C. Alexopoulos A.V. et al. Video-electrographic and clinical features in patients with ictal asystole. Neurology. 2007; 69: 434-441 Crossref PubMed Scopus (200) Google Scholar ]. Its still uncertain pathophysiology is thought to reflect the impact of the epileptic discharge on central neurovegetative centers controlling cardiac function, possibly involving limbic regions as well as the insula [ 1 Rocamera R. Kurthen M. Lickfett L. Von Oertzen J. Elger C.E. Cardiac asystole in epilepsy: clinical and neurophysiological features. Epilepsia. 2003; 44: 179-185 Crossref PubMed Scopus (214) Google Scholar , 3 Leung H. Schindler K. Kwan P. Elger C. Asystole induced by electrical stimulation of the left cingulate gyrus. Epileptic Disord. 2007; 9: 77-81 PubMed Google Scholar ]. IA was primarily reported in patients undergoing scalp-EEG monitoring, providing limited information on the brain regions involved in IA generation. Indeed, scalp-EEG data, which often suggest the role of the left temporal lobe during IA, cannot assess the specific contribution of the deeply located mesial temporal and insular cortices. In contrast, intracerebral EEG can directly record from all brain regions potentially involved in the cortical regulation of cardiac activity, but no IA has so far been captured in patients investigated with insular electrodes. We report an IA triggered by an electrically-induced and well localized hippocampal and insular discharge in a patient with extensive intracerebral EEG coverage of the left insula, temporal lobe, orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate gyrus.

Albanian Arachnids in the Museum Für Naturkunde, Berlin

An annotated catalogue of Albanian arachnids held in the Museum für Naturkunde (MfN) Berlin is presented, including the type of the spider Zoropsis oertzeni Dahl, 1901. Most of the material was collected from the coastal city of Vlora in c. 1887 by the German naturalist Eberhard von Oertzen (1856–1909). This makes it one of the oldest arachnological collections from Albania. Biographical notes on von Oertzen are also included. Most of the MfN species have previously been recorded for Albania, but we provide here a new record of Sitticus rupicola (C. L. Koch, 1837) as well as locality data and collection numbers for all MfN voucher specimens. Of particular interest is the re-identification of two spiders as Dysdera corfuensis Deeleman-Reinhold, 1988; including the first record of the female from Albania. The bat tick Ixodes vespertilionis C. L. Koch, 1844 is labelled as Albanian, and would be a new record for the country but the locality is more likely to be in modernday Serbia.

The Introduction of Deaconess Nurses at the German Hospital of the City of Philadelphia in the 1880s

In 1884, seven deaconesses from Iserlohn, Germany, came to the Philadelphia German Hospital to take over nursing care and hospital administration. This article deals with the preparation and implementation of deaconess rule at the German Hospital and conflicts during the tenure of the first two Sisters Superior, Marie Krueger (1826-1887) and Wanda von Oertzen (1845-1897). Recruitment of the deaconesses took place within a network of relations between German and American motherhouses. Before their arrival in Philadelphia, the benefactor of the German Hospital, John D. Lankenau (1817-1901), had committed himself to hospital rule by the Sister Superior. A Deaconess Committee was created to deal with the opposition of the Medical Board. Introducing deaconesses to the Philadelphia German Hospital led to a major change of medical personnel and allowed the hospital to develop a new corporate identity.

Neural underpinnings of within-person variability in cognitive functioning.

Increased intraindividual variability (IIV), reflecting within-person fluctuations in behavioral performance, is commonly observed in aging as well as in select disorders including traumatic brain injury, schizophrenia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and dementia. Much recent progress has been made toward understanding the functional significance of IIV in cognitive performance (MacDonald, Nyberg, & Bäckman, 2006) and biological information processing (Stein, Gossen, & Jones 2005), with parallel efforts devoted to investigating the links between older adults' deficient neuromodulation and their more variable neuronal and cognitive functions (Bäckman, Nyberg, Lindenberger, Li, & Farde, 2006). Despite these advances in the study of IIV, there has been little empirical examination of underlying neural correlates and virtually no synthesis of extant findings. The present review summarizes the accumulating empirical evidence linking age-related increases in IIV in cognitive performance to neural correlates at anatomical, functional, neuromodulatory, and genetic levels. Computational theories of neural dynamics (e.g., Li, Lindenberger, & Sikström, 2001) are also introduced to illustrate how age-related neuromodulatory deficiencies may contribute to increased neuronal noise and render information processing in aging neurocognitive systems to be less robust. The potential benefits of stochastic resonance and external noise are also discussed with respect to processing subthreshold stimuli (e.g., Li, von Oertzen, & Lindenberger, 2006). We conclude by highlighting important challenges and outstanding research issues that remain to be answered in the study of IIV.

Comparing memory skill maintenance across the life span: Preservation in adults, increase in children.

The authors examined life-span differences in the maintenance of skilled episodic memory performance by assessing 100 individuals (10 -11, 12-13, 21-26, and 66-79 years old) 11 months after termination of an intensive multisession mnemonic training program (Y. Brehmer, S.-C. Li, V. Müller, T. von Oertzen, & U. Lindenberger, 2007). Skill maintenance was tested in 2 follow-up sessions, the first without and the second with mnemonic reinstruction. Younger and older adults' average performance levels were stable across time. In contrast, both younger and older children's memory performance improved beyond originally attained levels. Older adults' performance improved from the first to the second follow-up session, presumably profiting from instruction-induced skill reactivation. Results suggest that (a) skill maintenance is largely intact in healthy older adults, (b) older adults need environmental support to fully reactivate their former skill levels (cf. F. I. M. Craik, 1983), and (c) children adapt a skill learned 11 months ago to their increasing cognitive capabilities.

Determining language laterality by fMRI and dichotic listening

For imaging studies on hemispheric specialization of the human brain, data about known functional asymmetries other than handedness would be valuable for a reliable interpretation of lateralized activation in individuals or groups of subjects. As certain aspects of language processing are observed to be a function of primarily the left, it can be used as a reference for other asymmetric processes such as sensory or cognitive skills. For analyzing language laterality, there are a variety of methods, but these differ in application or accuracy. In this study, we tested the reliability of two widely used methods – dichotic listening and fMRI – to determine language dominance in 30 individual subjects. The German adaptation of a dichotic listening test (Hättig, H., Beier, M., 2000. FRWT: a dichotic listening test for clinical and scientific contexts, Zeitschr f Neuropsychologie 11. 233–245.) classified 54% of the 26 right-handed subjects as left hemispheric dominant. The results of the fMRI paradigm (Fernández, G., de Greiff, A., von Oertzen, J., et al., 2001. Language mapping in less than 15 min: real-time functional MRI during routine clinical investigation. Neuroimage 14, 585–594.) tested on the same subjects, however, classified 92% of the right-handed subjects as left dominant. The main reason for this discrepancy was that the ear dominance score of many subjects in the dichotic listening test was too low to determine a reliable ear advantage. As a consequence, this specific dichotic listening test cannot be used to determine language laterality in individual subjects. On the other hand, the fMRI results are consistent with numerous studies showing left dominant language processing in more than 90% of right-handers. In some subjects, however, language laterality critically depends on the areas used to determine the laterality index.

Does healthy aging affect the hemispheric activation balance during paced index-to-thumb opposition task? An fMRI study

Normal aging is generally associated with declining performance in cognitive and fine motor tasks. Previous functional imaging studies have been inconsistent regarding the effect of aging on primary motor cortex (M1) activation during finger movement, showing increased, unchanged or decreased activation contralaterally, and more consistently increased activation ipsilaterally. Furthermore, no study has addressed the effect of age on M1 hemispheric activation balance. We studied 18 optimally healthy right-handed subjects, age range 18–79 years (mean ± SD: 47 ± 17) using 3 T fMRI and right index finger-thumb tapping auditory-paced at 1.25 Hz. The weighted Laterality Index (wLI) for M1 was obtained according to Fernandez et al. (2001) [Fernandez, G., de Greiff, A., von Oertzen, J., Reuber, M., Lun, S., Klaver, P., et al. 2001. Language mapping in less than 15 min: real-time functional MRI during routine clinical investigation. Neuroimage 14 585–594], with some modifications. The wLI, as well as the total activation on each side, were assessed against age using non-parametric correlation. There was a highly significant negative correlation between age and wLI such that the older the subjects, the lower the wLI. Furthermore, there was a highly significant positive correlation between total activation for ipsilateral M1 and age, and a nearly significant trend for contralateral M1. This study documents that during execution of a simple paced motor task, the older the subject the less lateralized the M1 activation balance as a result of increasing amount of activation on both sides, more significantly so ipsilaterally. Thus, in aging, enhanced M1 recruitment bilaterally is required to produce the same motor performance, suggesting a compensatory process. These findings are in line with cognitive studies indicating a tendency for the aging brain to reduce its functional lateralization, perhaps from less efficient transcallosal connections.

Adolf Stoecker: Portrait of a Demagogue

A component of the 19th century German zeitgeist was a “free floating,” unarticulated anti‐Semitic sentiment which permeated all strata of Wilhelmine society. Nowhere was this malaise better reflected than in the profusion of anti‐Semitic political parties appealing to the lower middle classes and to elitist academics alike. One of the most significant and earliest sources for galvanizing and articulating the frustrations of a disenchanted lower middle class, or “mittelstand,” was the Christian Social Workers party founded in 1878 by Adolf Stoecker the Kaiser's court chaplain. Although not as anti‐Semitic as some of his contemporaries such as Böckel, Ahlwardt, and Henrici, it was nevertheless Stoecker who began a mass movement—a “struggle against the Jews,” according to his biographer von Oertzen—which became rampant not only in Berlin by the mid 1880s, but which also had spread to the German hinterlands, thus laying a foundation for later anti‐Semitic movements. Some scholars, most notably Levy (1975), tend to minimize Stoecker's importance, declaring his party along with others to be colossal failures. Indeed as early as 1885 Stoecker's credibility and influence had waned. Yet the legacy of hate he left during his brief ascendancy is sufficient grounds for a reexamination of some salient aspects of his career, as well as for some brief and tentative observations about his place in the history of German anti‐Semitic movements, the impact of his doctrines on National Socialism, and some reflections on Stoecker's agitation as the symptom of a larger, troubled social dynamic present in Wilhelmine society.

The Nicaraguan Mosquitia in Historical Documents, 1844–1927: The Dynamics of Ethnic and Regional History. ELEONORE VON OERTZEN, LIOBA ROSSBACH, and VOLKER WUN‐DERICH

The Nicaraguan Mosquitia in Historical Documents, 1844–1927: The Dynamics of Ethnic and Regional History. ELEONORE VON OERTZEN, LIOBA ROSSBACH, and VOLKER WUN‐DERICH

Effects of turbidity caused by nutrient loading on benthic dynamics : Yap, H.T., J.-A. von Oertzen and Ulrich Schiewer, 1987. Continent. Shelf Res., 7(11–12):1439–1444

Effects of turbidity caused by nutrient loading on benthic dynamics : Yap, H.T., J.-A. von Oertzen and Ulrich Schiewer, 1987. Continent. Shelf Res., 7(11–12):1439–1444

Science in American society. A generation of historical debate.

Previous articleNext article No AccessCritiques & ContentionsScience in American Society: A Generation of Historical DebateCharles RosenbergCharles Rosenberg Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Isis Volume 74, Number 3Sep., 1983 Publication of the History of Science Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/353304 Views: 9Total views on this site Citations: 14Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1983 History of Science Society, Inc.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Olga Elina Between Local Practices and Global Knowledge: Public Initiatives in the Development of Agricultural Science in Russia in the 19th Century and Early 20th Century, Centaurus 56, no.44 (Sep 2014): 305–329.https://doi.org/10.1111/1600-0498.12067Christine von Oertzen, Maria Rentetzi, Elizabeth S. Watkins Finding Science in Surprising Places: Gender and the Geography of Scientific Knowledge. Introduction to ‘Beyond the Academy: Histories of Gender and Knowledge’, Centaurus 55, no.22 (Apr 2013): 73–80.https://doi.org/10.1111/1600-0498.12018 By Katherine Pandora Popular Science in National and Transnational Perspective: Suggestions from the American Context Katherine Pandora, Isis 100, no.22 (Jul 2015): 346–358.https://doi.org/10.1086/599548John L. Rury The Curious Status of the History of Education: A Parallel Perspective, History of Education Quarterly 46, no.0404 (Feb 2017): 571–598.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2006.00032.xRonald E. Doel Oral History of American Science: A Forty-Year Review, History of Science 41, no.44 (Jul 2016): 349–378.https://doi.org/10.1177/007327530304100401Robert W. Smith Introduction, Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 32, no.11 (Sep 2001): 3–9.https://doi.org/10.1525/hsps.2001.32.1.3Robert I. Simon Video Voyeurs and the Covert Videotaping of Unsuspecting Victims: Psychological and Legal Consequences, Journal of Forensic Sciences 42, no.55 (Sep 1997): 14224J.https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS14224JPATRICIA D'ANTONIO Toward a History of Research in Nursing, Nursing Research 46, no.22 (Mar 1997): 105–110.https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-199703000-00008Kurt Danziger Does the History of Psychology Have a Future?, Theory & Psychology 4, no.44 (Aug 2016): 467–484.https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354394044001 Charles E. Rosenberg Editorial: Woods or Trees? Ideas and Actors in the History of Science, Isis 79, no.44 (Oct 2015): 564–570.https://doi.org/10.1086/354844Nancy Tomes The social transformation of American medicine: an historical perspective., Sociology of Health and Illness 7, no.22 (Jul 1985): 248–259.https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.ep10949093J. B. Morrell Wissenschaft in Worstedopolis: Public Science in Bradford, 1800–1850, The British Journal for the History of Science 18, no.11 (Jan 2009): 1–23.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087400021671 Sally Gregory Kohlstedt Institutional History, Osiris 1, no.11 (Oct 2015): 17–36.https://doi.org/10.1086/368636 John Neu One Hundred Ninth Critical Bibliography of the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences, Isis 75, no.55 (Oct 2015): 5–206.https://doi.org/10.1086/353733

Use of algal fluorescence for an automated biological monitoring system.

In the field of stream-quality monitoring some bioassays have been developed to a high standard: the Haematococcus pluvialis-test (MACKLE 1977), the Gnathonemus-test (GELLER & MACKLE 1977) and other fish-tests (in the FRG especially the Goldorfen-test (FISCHER & GODE 1978). A survey of the application of bioassays monitoring the toxicity of water pollutants is given by OTT & IRRGANG (1977), VON OERTZEN (1977), BESCH (1977), LITTLE (1976) and BENECKE (1980).

On the scattering of heavy ions at low energy in the framework of molecular orbitals

In this paper we give a generalisation of the model of nuclear reactions proposed by Von Oertzen in the framework of molecular orbitals. The different equations leading to the cross section are derived and discussed. It turns out that the helicity scheme is the most appropriate one. Some emphasis is given to reactions, including elastic scattering and elastic transfer for which this approach is well suited. We discuss both the unadiabatic and Coriolis coupling terms which appear in the equations, and we show how these terms are partly cancelled if one takes into account one part of the recoil effect.

Comments on 'elastically scattered recoil nuclei in solid-state detectors'

Horn and Von Oertzen (1967) have shown that tracks in mica are produced by an irradiation with 32-MeV O-16 ions. These tracks were attributed to K and Fe recoils produced by elastic scattering of the incident oxygen beam. In the present work an alternate explanation of their observations is provided. The measured characteristics of the tracks are shown to be compatible with theoretical predictions for production of tracks by inelastic (mostly compound nucleus) reactions with silicon and to be inconsistent with the previously proposed elastic scattering process. The possibility that the tracks are produced by contaminant ions in the beam cannot be ruled out.

S. Howard Hansford: Jade, essence of hills and streams: the von Oertzen collection of Chinese and Indian jades. [iv], 220 pp. Cape Town, etc.: Purnell and Sons (S.A.) Pty. Ltd., [C1969]. (Distributed by Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co. £12.50.)

S. Howard Hansford: Jade, essence of hills and streams: the von Oertzen collection of Chinese and Indian jades. [iv], 220 pp. Cape Town, etc.: Purnell and Sons (S.A.) Pty. Ltd., [C1969]. (Distributed by Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co. £12.50.) - Volume 34 Issue 2

The Process of Professionalization in American Science: The Emergent Period, 1820-1860

Previous articleNext article No AccessThe Process of Professionalization in American Science: The Emergent Period, 1820-1860George H. DanielsGeorge H. Daniels Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Isis Volume 58, Number 2Summer, 1967 Publication of the History of Science Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/350216 Views: 28Total views on this site Citations: 32Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1967 History of Science Society, Inc.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Dale R. Sumner, Sabine Hildebrandt, Allison Nesbitt, Melissa A. Carroll, Vassiliki B. Smocovitis, Jeffrey T. Laitman, Amy C. Beresheim, Christopher J. Ramnanan, Michael L. Blakey Racism, structural racism, and the American Association for Anatomy: Initial report from a task force, The Anatomical Record 305, no.44 (Feb 2022): 772–787.https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24903Axel Philipps Science rules! A qualitative study of scientists’ approaches to grant lottery, Research Evaluation 549 (Dec 2020).https://doi.org/10.1093/reseval/rvaa027Edgar A Burns Professions and Modern Organisational Forms, (Nov 2019): 73–110.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27935-6_3ROBIN VANDOME , Journal of American Studies 53, no.22 ( 2019): 478.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021875817001852Kristoffer Whitney, Melanie A. Kiechle Introduction: Counting on Nature, Science as Culture 26, no.11 (Sep 2016): 1–10.https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2016.1223114Wayne Orchiston Astronomers in Isolation: A New Branch of the British Astronomical Association, (Nov 2016): 449–477.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44521-2_13 Dagomar Degroot “A Catastrophe Happening in Front of Our Very Eyes”: The Environmental History of a Comet Crash on Jupiter, Environmental History 22, no.11 (Sep 2021): 23–49.https://doi.org/10.1093/envhis/emw067Franck Cochoy The American Marketing Association, Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 6, no.44 (Nov 2014): 538–547.https://doi.org/10.1108/JHRM-01-2013-0003Carla Bittel Woman, Know Thyself: Producing and Using Phrenological Knowledge in 19th-Century America, Centaurus 55, no.22 (Apr 2013): 104–130.https://doi.org/10.1111/1600-0498.12015Christine von Oertzen, Maria Rentetzi, Elizabeth S. Watkins Finding Science in Surprising Places: Gender and the Geography of Scientific Knowledge. Introduction to ‘Beyond the Academy: Histories of Gender and Knowledge’, Centaurus 55, no.22 (Apr 2013): 73–80.https://doi.org/10.1111/1600-0498.12018Andrew L. Christenson Who were the Professional North American Archaeologists of 1900? Clues from the Work of Warren K. Moorehead, Bulletin of the History of Archaeology 21, no.11 (May 2011): 4.https://doi.org/10.5334/bha.2112By Paul Lucier The Professional and the Scientist in Nineteenth-Century America Paul Lucier, Isis 100, no.44 (Jul 2015): 699–732.https://doi.org/10.1086/652016Tamás Szmrecsányi Periodization Problems in the Economic History of Science and Technology, Investigaciones de Historia Económica 5, no.1515 (Jan 2009): 47–73.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1698-6989(09)70119-5D.A. Grier The rise and fall of the committee on mathematical tables and other aids to computation, IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 23, no.22 (Apr 2001): 38–49.https://doi.org/10.1109/85.929910 Robert H. Silliman The Hamlet Affair: Charles Lyell and the North Americans, Isis 86, no.44 (Oct 2015): 541–561.https://doi.org/10.1086/357317 Daniel Goldstein "Yours for Science": The Smithsonian Institution's Correspondents and the Shape of Scientific Community in Nineteenth-Century America, Isis 85, no.44 (Oct 2015): 573–599.https://doi.org/10.1086/356978Nancy Krieger, Elizabeth Fee Man-Made Medicine and Women's Health: The Biopolitics of Sex/Gender and Race/Ethnicity, International Journal of Health Services 24, no.22 (Jan 1995): 265–283.https://doi.org/10.2190/LWLH-NMCJ-UACL-U80YJohn V. Pickstone Ways of knowing: towards a historical sociology of science, technology and medicine, The British Journal for the History of Science 26, no.44 (Jan 2009): 433–458.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087400031459Edward R Hogan The fading amateur: William Lenhart and 19th-century American mathematics, Historia Mathematica 17, no.11 (Feb 1990): 6–15.https://doi.org/10.1016/0315-0860(90)90075-O David J. Krause Testing a Tradition: Douglass Houghton and the Native Copper of Lake Superior, Isis 80, no.44 (Oct 2015): 622–639.https://doi.org/10.1086/355167Pierre-Gerlier Forest Les techniciens de la représentation: contribution à l'histoire des études électorales, Canadian Journal of Political Science 19, no.44 (Nov 2009): 679–704.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423900055104Robert C. Post Reflections of American Science and Technology at the New York Crystal Palace Exhibition of 1853, Journal of American Studies 17, no.33 (Jan 2009): 337–356.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021875800017801 Charles Rosenberg Science in American Society: A Generation of Historical Debate, Isis 74, no.33 (Oct 2015): 356–367.https://doi.org/10.1086/353304Steven Turner The Prussian Professoriate and the Research Imperative, 1790 – 1840, (Jan 1981): 109–121.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8414-1_8David A. Hounshell Edison and the Pure Science Ideal in 19th-Century America, Science 207, no.44314431 (Feb 1980): 612–617.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.207.4431.612Henrika Kuklick Restructuring the Past: Toward an Appreciation of the Social Context of Social Science, The Sociological Quarterly 21, no.11 (Dec 2016): 5–21.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1980.tb02194.xHenrika Kuklick Restructuring the Past: Toward an Appreciation of the Social Context of Social Science*, The Sociological Quarterly 21, no.11 (Dec 1979): 5–21.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1979.tb01921.xD. deB Beaver, R. Rosen Studies in scientific collaboration, Scientometrics 1, no.11 (Sep 1978): 65–84.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02016840Sally Gregory Kohlstedt The Nineteenth-Century Amateur Tradition: The Case of the Boston Society of Natural History, (Jan 1976): 173–190.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1887-6_12Norriss S. Hetherington Cleveland Abbe and a view of science in mid-nineteenth-century America, Annals of Science 33, no.11 (Aug 2006): 31–49.https://doi.org/10.1080/00033797600200121Edward R Hogan The beginnings of mathematics in a howling wilderness, Historia Mathematica 1, no.22 (May 1974): 151–166.https://doi.org/10.1016/0315-0860(74)90004-4George H. Daniels The Pure-Science Ideal and Democratic Culture, Science 156, no.37833783 (Jun 1967): 1699–1705.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.156.3783.1699

<sc>So This Is Poland</sc>

So This is Poland Get access 45. So This is Poland. By F. W. von Oertzen. Translated by T. R. Clark. 1932. (London: Allen and Unwin. 8vo. 288 pp. 10s. 6d.) John Heath John Heath Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 12, Issue 4, July 1933, Page 564, https://doi.org/10.2307/2603633 Published: 01 July 1933