Volunteer Movement Research Articles

WORLDVIEW PRINCIPLES OF VOLUNTEERING IN UKRAINE DURING THE WAR

Volunteering in Ukraine is becoming an increasingly popular phenomenon that occupies an important place in the life of society. Many people choose volunteering as a way to help people in difficult life circumstances, as well as to develop their own personality and engage in active civic participation. As a significant social phenomenon, volunteering has its own ideological foundations that define its core values and principles. Volunteering is based on the desire to help people and nature regardless of their status, nationality, religion, or political beliefs. The purpose of the study. The current study examines the ideological foundations of volunteering in Ukraine in wartime and their significance for volunteering, to study the practical experience of volunteers in Ukraine in 2014-2023, and to examine the peculiarities of the legal regulation of volunteering in Ukraine in wartime. Methods. Achieving the goal and objectives of the study was made possible by using a set of interrelated modern general scientific and special methods and approaches. The systematic approach made it possible to study volunteering as a holistic set of elements in the totality of the connections between them. Through the use of the method of systematization, the author provides a review of the legal framework for volunteering, factor analysis is used to determine the factors influencing the relationship between the state and society in the field of volunteering, and system analysis is used to assess the state of relations between the state and society in Ukraine at this stage through its quantitative indicators.Results. According to the study “Volunteer Movement in Ukraine”, prepared by GfK Ukraine on behalf of the UN in Ukraine, Ukrainian citizens pay great attention to the volunteer movement in the development of social processes: 62% recognize the role of volunteers in the changes in the last year; 85% believe that the volunteer movement helps strengthen peace; 81% tend to consider the volunteer movement an essential component of civil society. Regarding the legal regulation of volunteer activities in Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine “On Volunteer Activity” of April 19, 2011, No. 3236-VI was adopted in April 2011. The Law of Ukraine of 15.08.2022 No. 2519-IX On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On Volunteer Activity” on Support of Volunteer Activity regulates social relations related to volunteer activity in Ukraine. Discussion. One of the key principles of volunteering in Ukraine is selflessness and the ability to work in extreme conditions. Volunteers often work in difficult and dangerous conditions that require a high level of professionalism and skills. For many volunteers, the Ukrainian revolution of 2013-2014 and the events in eastern Ukraine were turning points that forced them to change their attitude to their own lives and start helping others. Ukrainian volunteers are an example of community and state cooperation that contributes to ensuring security and helping victims. They have shown that volunteering can be an effective tool in the fight against war and its consequences. Many volunteer organizations provided free medical care, took on the responsibility of supplying the military with necessary items and military equipment, organized the evacuation of people from the war zone, and provided psychological support to the military and their families. Conclusions.Volunteering in Ukraine is not a new phenomenon, but the war with Russia has become a catalyst for its development. This is a great example of how crises can encourage people to act together and interact to achieve a common goal. Volunteerism in Ukraine demonstrates the importance of spiritual unity and cooperation in difficult times, and is one of the most striking examples of civil society in action. The ideological principles of volunteering in Ukraine include non-profitability, openness, spirituality, and humanism, transparency and openness, security, and cooperation with government agencies and the military. The volunteer movement in Ukraine, especially in times of war, is an important factor in ensuring security and helping victims. Involvement of different groups of the population in volunteer activities, as well as cooperation with state and international structures, are important to ensure the effectiveness and success of volunteer activities.

Добровольчество как практика воспитания активного гражданина в системе государственной молодежной политики

The article examines the institutional foundations and practices of civic activity development in the volunteer movement. Based on the concept of citizenship three levels of civic qualities formation in the volunteering sys-tem are considered: cognitive, value-motivational and behavioral-instrumental. The institutional practices of volunteering at the present stage are analyzed in the context of interaction between state structures and civil society organizations, in particular, the formation of cultural identity, assistance to people in difficult life situa-tions, patriotic education, the preservation of historical memory, etc. Three levels of interaction between key actors of volunteering development aimed at shaping the citizenship of Russian youth are defined: design and infrastructural support of volunteering; mobilization of public resources and development of volunteer practic-es; expansion of youth involvement through the popularization and development of volunteer practices.

ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ВОЛОНТЕРІВ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

The article is devoted to the analysis of some aspects of volunteers’ activities under conditions of martial law. It is noted that volunterrs were the first who solved the negative challenges associated with the full-scale invasion of Russian Federation, protected and defended our country’s humanitarian sector. They risked their own lives daily saving the lives of others by evacuating from the hottest places in Ukraine, delivering life support items to the territory where hostilities were taking place. There are different formats of the forms of volunteer activity: from individual to collective ones, from direct participation to remote mode of assistance. It is noted that the war in Ukraine forced society to reconsider volunteers’ practical value and volunteer activities in particular. In modern conditions, taking into account numerous risks to life and health while volunteering, volunteers are one of the most vulnerable and unprotected categories. A clear confirmation of the above is a number of cases that, on the one hand, emphasize the role of volunteers in bringing Ukraine’s victory over the occupiers closer, and on the other hand, demonstrate the riskiness of volunteering. Analyzing the Law of Ukraine “On Volunteering”, attention is focused on contradictions that complicate volunteers’ work and lead to the concealment of the fact of assistance. In fact and legally, the activity of those volunteers who provide individual assistance to the Armed Forces of Ukraine during a full-scale invasion is illegal, although practice shows that a lot of assistance to the army comes precisely from volunteers who are not the members of any volunteer organizations. The presence of such a prohibition does not meet the requirements of martial law. It is emphasized that the military aggression of Russian Federation forced the legislator to revise the legal norms regulating volunteers’ legal status, social and legal protection. According to the authors, the legislative provisions regarding the impossibility of volunteering individually need to be revised and clarified. Key words: volunteer, volunteer activity, volunteer movement, risks, martial law, military aggression, hostilities, Armed Forces of Ukraine, social guarantees.

Features of the Russian volunteer movement

The article considers features of the Russian volunteer movement based on the qualitative criteria, including historical retrospection, and the method of unstructured interview. The authors describe the key characteristics of three models of the Russian volunteering - pre-revolutionary, Soviet and contemporary - and conclude that volunteering in Russia has always been perceived by the public opinion as a kind of cooperative project uniting citizens. The article provides an overview of the legislative framework of the contemporary Russian volunteer movement and of its most popular areas which are mainly associated with ensuring human security. The authors identify and systematize the problems of the Russian volunteer movement and name among the most pressing ones the relationship of volunteer organizations with the state, which can lead to a spiral of silence in the Russian society and hinder the cognitive and emotional involvement of people in the volunteer movement. The article also mentions the influence of the special military operation on the civil activity of the Russian population. The preliminary research results show the emerging shift in the society’s attitude to volunteering, which is manifested in a certain loss of interest in supporting civil initiatives due to paying more attention to one’s family and close social circle. The authors argue that the specifics of the Russian volunteer movement is determined by its non-political nature ‘from below’ and focus on the goals of ensuring human security. Thus, not only the state influences the individual, which is typical for the Russian society and history, but also the individual through volunteering influences the state that cannot ignore the powerful social request for justice.

ANTI-WAR MURALS IN UKRAINE AND THE WORLD DURING THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, when the Ukrainian people, realizing that they were part of the European community, defended their independence, the role of new artistic principles that corresponded to the main global trends grew significantly in the artistic and cultural sphere. New forms of artists’ appeal to the masses were becoming increasingly important in terms of social and cultural significance. Breaking away from the institutional space of museums and galleries, Action Art has taken to the streets of cities to engage in a dialogue with society. In the traditional genres of Monumental Art, there is an increasing departure from the dominant trend of imitating Soviet monumental aesthetics, which was manifested, in particular, by the spread of the muralist movement in Ukrainian cities. More and more new murals appeared on Ukrainian buildings, made both by foreign artists who were interested in Ukraine, and came here to create their murals, and by Ukrainian artists who were connected to the latest practices. However, with Russia’s attack on Ukraine on February 24, 2022, the struggle of the Ukrainian people for their freedom, democratic values, and the right to preserve and further develop their ethnicity is gaining worldwide historical significance and is widely supported around the world. In addition to the heroic resilience of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the volunteer movement in our country, the information front plays an extremely important role. One of its cultural components is represented by contemporary anti-war murals that draw the world’s attention to the events in Ukraine, which are currently determining the future world order and the existence of humanity. Characteristically, this Ukrainian theme is widely supported by artists from many countries around the world. The murals they created are different in style, but they are united by their reference to Ukrainian symbols. This, in general, determines the relevance of this study.

Volunteering in Ukraine: historical and legal aspects

The study is devoted to the analysis of modern volunteer activity in Ukraine in terms of the historical development of this social phenomenon and a retrospective of changes in the legislative framework for regulating volunteer activity. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that volunteer activity in modern Ukraine is, firstly, a fairly young phenomenon that emerged only after 1991 and is still insufficiently studied, and secondly, today the scale of involvement in various volunteer activities is more than 80 % among Ukrainian citizens, which also requires appropriate scientific analysis.
 The state of academic research on the national volunteering development has been studied; the range of scientific discussions on various aspects of volunteering has been outlined; the terminological basis of the volunteering phenomenon has been clarified; the reasons for the development and implementation of Ukrainian laws on volunteering have been given; changes in legislation on this issue and their reasons have been analysed. The main stages of the volunteering development in Ukraine have been analysed, and significant events that influenced its development have been outlined.
 The events of 2014–2023 related to the military aggression of the Russian Federation against independent Ukraine have given rise to the formation of a powerful element of civil society that is volunteerism. The uniqueness and difference of the Ukrainian volunteer movement from global practices is that the development of volunteer activity was far ahead of the process of developing a legislative framework that regulates this phenomenon. The formation of volunteering in Ukraine was driven by the initiative of citizens and required legislative formalisation of existing volunteer practices. The changes in the Ukrainian legislation on volunteering were caused by the ongoing military operations and the involvement of a significant number of Ukrainians in volunteer activities, as well as the expansion of the range of problems addressed by volunteer organisations.

The Discourse of Daily Life during the War: the 2022 Ukrainian Projection

Aim. To define and describe the positions of Ukrainians in their attitude to the war on Russia and reflection of this attitude in the discourse of daily life in wartime.
 Concept/Methods. 25 transcripts of semi-structured interviews subjected to thematic analysis. Relying on the categories identified through thematic analysis, the criteria differentiating the attitude of Ukrainians to the war, viz. personalization/depersonalization, media practice of content consumption, assessment of the so called “we-they-relationship”, reflection on the changes in daily life, the process of adaptation to changes, ideas of exemplary behavior were established.
 Results and conclusion. The analysis of the results enabled to outline the problematic field of assessment of the attitude of Ukrainians to the full-scale war on Russia and reflection of this attitude in the discourse of daily life in wartime. Relying on the criteria differentiating this attitude, three typical positions in the attitude of Ukrainians to the war were outlined – that of external observer, optimistic fatalist, and rational optimist.
 Practical application. Clarification of the specific characteristics of the attitude of Ukrainians to the war and perception of the enemy under such circumstances enables to envisage the public opinion response to certain decisions related to the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, to plan communication campaigns promoting volunteer movement with due account of different positions taken by Ukrainians as well as to determine the degree of psycho-traumatizing of individuals in the crisis situation of war via discourse.
 Originality/Cognitive value. The study was conducted in October-November 2022, on the ninth month of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, and it reflects the thoughts of Ukrainian civilians concerning the war, its reasons, collective responsibility of Russians, and, finally, changes occurring in the life of the country and every individual, the process of adaptation to this complex situation. The use of quality methods (semi-structured interview) for the study ensured focusing on subjective peculiarities of the perception of war and daily life during in wartime.
 Conclusions: The typology of ideas, types of attitude of Ukrainians to the reality of war requires verification and further specification within a quantitative study aimed at clarification of quantitative figures representing the prevalence of the established positions.

VOLUNTEERING AS A COMPONENT OF THE TRAINING OF THE FUTURE SOCIAL WORKER (SOCIAL AND CULTURAL WORK)

The social security of the state, namely the social security of people, is a key factor in its stability and further development. However, limited resources, existing state structures and organizations cannot always fully ensure and support the desired level of social security in the state. That is why the search and use of new approaches to ensuring social security is an important task of state policy. Volunteering can be an important component of social security of the state in the conditions of today's challenges, and young people are the most active category in the process of volunteering.The concept of volunteering and involvement of volunteers is revealed, the state of volunteering among young people in Vinnytsia region and in Ukraine in general is highlighted. The spontaneous growth of volunteering in the student community determines the recognition of volunteering as an effective tool for socialization and self-realization; Volunteer activity provides the most valuable practical experience, meeting new people and new interesting places. Participation in volunteer projects, exhibitions, seminars-workshops, cultural and artistic events helps to improve a wide variety of skills – professional, the ability to manage projects, be communicative and stress-resistant, solve tasks in a team, form emotional intelligence, competitiveness and leadership qualities of young people. In order to find effective ways of involving young people in volunteering, legislative documents, theoretical and practical materials were analyzed. The article analyzes the theoretical aspects of the development of the volunteer movement, the formation of social work as a separate branch of science, the creation and implementation of the idea of expanding the social sphere, building a civil society which involves focusing on the priorities of spirituality and morality. The experience of training young people for volunteer work in the Vinnytsia Regional Center for Folk Art was revealed.

Институт «товарищеских начал» и субсидиарные конфигурации управления первичным производственным звеном в российской экономике

This work is devoted to the concept of partnership in the interpretation of A. A. Bogdanov. We are talking about comradely principles in the socio-economic system, that is, about comradely relations, a comradely organization, a comradely collective, a comradely society. The author makes an attempt to highlight the distinctive features and signs of “partnership”, so that in the future, with the help of these signs, it would be possible to select and consider specific forms of organizational relations on a comradely basis, as well as to conduct a comparative analysis of these forms of comradely organization of the economy Using examples of specific business units. The object of the study was the organization and structure of primary production processes, independent management. We are talking only about partnerships engaged in simple forms of production labor, the primary production process, about those subsidiary configurations for which the sign of the notorious “friendliness” is supposedly a key social criterion. The following forms of comradely economic relations are consistently considered in the work: Old Believer farms, monastic (temple) farms, Cossack communities, peasant farms, volunteer movement, as well as formal and informal associations of citizens engaged in creative practice in the field of folk art crafts and local associations “on interests”, and family business associations that legally exploit the statute of the subject of relations of taxation of professional activity (self-employment). The authors draw conclusions about the reason for the stability of the functioning of economic partnerships, which lies in the fact that economic practice is influenced by social institutions: the original way of life, religious beliefs, professional hobbies, high citizenship, blood ties, labor collectives that ensure friendly relations. “Friendly principles” are more typical of forms of organization, which are subsidiary configurations of management of the primary link of production, in contrast to the joint-stock form of organization of social production – a combination of labor law and entrepreneurial relations with the motivation of survival and enrichment.

VOLUNTEERING AS A VALUE IN THE EDUCATIONAL WORK OF HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN UKRAINE

The content structure of volunteering as a value regarding educational work at the institutions of higher medical education in Ukraine has been analysed in the article; the values that should be developed in future medical specialists corresponding to current challenges have been defined.
 It is found out that organizational centres of public support of Ukrainians in higher medical education are the university volunteer centres, which comprehensively help the teams of students – future doctors as well as military personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine on the whole.
 According to the results of analysis of the educational work directions in the institutions of higher medical education, it is established that they prove the highest value of human life (the life of a warrior) for future doctors from different perspectives. In particular, it is confirmed by proactive attitude of student volunteers in donating blood for military personnel.
 Implementation of the value of patriotism in the educational activities of future doctors is substantiated. It is about involvement of senior students and interns into trainings on pre-hospital care.
 It is established that involvement of students into projects aimed at psychological support to civilians and military personnel, as well as financial aid and assistance in supporting mental health for internally displaced persons is a special direction of medical volunteering and education in wartime.
 It is proved that participation in volunteer movement by future doctors promotes development of their personal values: activity, diligence, initiative, desire to help, service, subordinating them to national, civil interests – for the sake of victory and peace in Ukraine.
 Thus, educational work in the institutions of higher medical education of Ukraine requires a systematic approach to development of the values of charity and social activity in the students both regarding the volunteer movement and besides it.

Volunteering as civil society practices

The article examines the genesis of the volunteer movement since its inception in Russia, the development of volunteerism in tsarist Russia, in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods and, finally, in modern Russia. The systematic work for the development of the volunteer movement is shown in this paper. The unified network of infrastructure to support volunteerism in the subjects of the Russian Federation is the basis for comfortable participation in volunteering by all citizens of our country. Support of volunteerism at the state level has turned it into a dynamic social trend across the country, in which volunteers are becoming an important tool for solving social problems. It is volunteerism that can be called the basis for the development of civil society in modern Russia, aimed at solving social problems by the people united by common interests and goals.

Socio-medical volunteering in a non-profile university

There is an increase in the number of volunteer corps and beneficiaries. The subjects of the volunteer movement are educational organizations of various training profiles. In a pandemic, the importance of medical volunteering is growing. Medical volunteering, being a retro innovation, loses its maximum professional (medical) focus during the pandemic, as the functionality and composition of volunteers expands. The concept of socio-medical volunteering is introduced as a type of volunteering in the healthcare sector, aimed at improving the quality of medical services and involving the participation of volunteers with a wide range of professional training. The study was conducted in three stages: theoretical method of scientific literature analysis, empirical methods (questionnaires, interviews) were used. The sample consisted of 87 volunteers from a non-core university. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that junior students predominate among the volunteers; the functionality of volunteers in the call center was specified; the motivation for the participation of students in volunteering was revealed; the problems they faced; level of readiness to continue participation in volunteering. In general, the results of the study indicate the insufficient readiness of volunteers of a non-core university for social and medical volunteering, which became the basis for the development of recommendations for the organizers of this movement in a non-core university. It has been proved that socio-medical volunteering in a non-core university is a promising area of educational work and a resource for adapting junior students to educational conditions. Scientific understanding of the issue of gender motivation of students in non-core areas of preparation for social and medical volunteering is required, as well as the specifics of the content of this volunteering, taking into account the development of information and communication technologies and digital volunteering.

Physiological and introspective antecedents of tics and movements in adults with tic disorders

ObjectiveTo investigate the subjective phenomenon and the neural underpinnings of tics compared with voluntary movements in patients with tic disorders. MethodsWe recorded electroencephalographic and electromyographic data while subjects completed a Libet clock paradigm. Patients and healthy volunteers reported the times of W (willing to move) and M (movement occurrence) while performing voluntary movements. This was repeated only for the patients for the tics. ResultsIn the patients, W and M times preceding voluntary movements and tics did not significantly differ from voluntary movements of healthy volunteers. The Bereitschaftspotentials in the patients were similar to healthy volunteers. Tics were only assessable for 7 patients due to artifacts. Two subjects did not show Bereitschaftspotentials, and they reported the lowest levels of tic voluntariness. 5 subjects did not show beta band event-related desynchronization before tics. ConclusionsFor patients, the sense of volition for tics is similar to that of their voluntary movements which is similar to normal. Patients showed dissociations between the Bereitschaftspotential and beta desynchronization for tics, with 5/7 showing normal Bereitschaftspotentials and 2/7 showing desynchronization. The absence of desynchronization may suggest attempts to suppress tics. SignificanceThis physiology shows a difference for most tics compared with normal movements.

Strategi Komunikasi Garda Pangan dalam Menarik Minat Masyarakat Menjadi Relawan Pangan

Indonesia is ranked second in the world's food waste-producing countries. Garda Pangan is a pioneer NGO that raises the issue of food waste to the surface through volunteer movements. The development of communication technology is now making garda Pangan adapt in conveying information on their activities through Instagram. Through the diffusion of innovation how communicants can adopt new innovative ideas and how they make decisions about them. This makes many people interested in becoming mobilizers through volunteer activities. Based on the phenomenon, researchers are interested in knowing the Communication Strategy of the Food Guard in attracting people to become Food Volunteers. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach with observational data collection techniques and interviews. The results in this study show that the communication strategy carried out by the Garda Pangan by using content visualization in the form of images, designs, and videos and strengthened by captions to attract people's interest in becoming food volunteers is right on target.

What works to promote community engagement: Strategic plan for volunteering and participation in Andalusia (Spain)

AbstractThis article describes the design of the “First Comprehensive Strategic Plan for Volunteering and Citizen Participation in Andalusia,” which establishes the priorities and strategies for promoting citizen engagement in the Autonomous Community of southern Spain. The drawing up of the strategic plan was developed in two phases. First, a theoretical analysis of the effective practices for promoting citizen participation was conducted. Second, the opinion of a total of 35 representatives of Third Sector organizations was obtained. The review of evidence‐based practices made it possible to identify 13 basic strategies for community awareness, education for participation, volunteer management, and the development of inter‐organizational networks. Next, 19 interviews were conducted with representatives of the most prominent social entities in the region and two participatory workshops with 16 leaders of the volunteer movement in Andalusia were held. The results showed the existence of a consolidated social fabric, with a “community of practice” constituted over two decades in which awareness‐raising and training strategies have been effectively combined to promote volunteering. Representatives of the Third Sector consider educational strategies for participation as a priority, such as service‐learning, early participation experiences during adolescence and the training of volunteers and members of associations. On the other hand, although social organizations are aware of the need to adapt to new forms of participation (more individualized, one‐off, or episodic), they generally defend strategies that contribute to a higher level of organizational commitment. The resulting plan integrates measures to promote participation and volunteering through cross‐cutting actions.

In vivo evaluation of holocellulose and cellulose isolated from kumaizasa (Sasa senanensis) powder on bowel movements in rats

Background: Kumaizasa (Sasa senanensis Rehder) is a representative natural plant growing in Hokkaido, Japan, and has a history of being used in herbal medicine and as a health food option. Nishihira et. al. (2019) confirmed in a clinical trial that the kumaizasa dry powder had the effect of improving bowel movements of healthy volunteers. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the components of kumaizasa powder, like holocellulose (hemicellulose + cellulose) and cellulose, involved in the bowel movement of rats and tried to elucidate the role of each component.Methods: Male rats (Slc:SD, weight 79~93 g) were administered kumaizasa powder (3000 mg/kg/day) orally, holocellulose (1500 mg/kg/day), cellulose (900mg /kg/day) or water using a stomach tube twice a day for 14 days.Results: Among the intervention groups (kumaizasa powder, holocellulose, cellulose group) and control group (water), no significant differences were observed with changes in body weight and food consumption. All the feces were normal, with one exception of watery feces on day 2 in the cellulose group. Multigroup comparison by the Tukey-Kramer method showed that the dry weight of feces collected at day 14 in the kumaizasa powder group significantly increased as compared with that of the control group (p<0.01). This result confirmed that kumaizasa powder had the effect of increasing fecal amount. A paired t-test between each kumaizasa group and control group indicated that the cellulose increased the fecal dry weights and moisture content in feces, while the kumaizasa powder and the holocellulose increased only fecal dry weights.Conclusion: It is shown that the holocellulose and cellulose of kumaizasa powder have the effect of increasing the bowel movement of rats by oral administration. It is also suggested that the cellulose increases the moisture content in the feces by swelling, while hemicellulose in the holocellulose acts as a prebiotic to regulate the moisture content in feces.Keywords: Kumaizasa, Sasa senanensis Rehder, hemicellulose, cellulose, holocellulose, bowel movements

Ukraine’s Integration into the European Social Space: Problems and Prospects

The article is devoted to the analysis of the essence and purpose of the social state, as a state of general well-being, which is one of the key aspects of the perception of the state based on the principle of the rule of law (rule of law). The subject of the research is the following categories of jurisprudence: social legal state, European social model, European social space, social policy of the state. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main features of the social state as a model of the ideal state, the social policy of the state, the European social model, domestic achievements, problems and providing proposals for the fastest entry of Ukraine into the European social space. The research uses dialectical, systemic, structural-functional, logical, historical, comparative-legal, theoretical modeling and other methods traditional for jurisprudence. Some aspects of the development of social statehood in Ukraine are studied, namely the activity of such an institution of civil society as the volunteer movement and its influence on the formation of such a state, as well as the implementation of the social function of the state in relation to persons with disabilities. The experience of the European Union in the spheres of social protection and environmental human rights is considered. The need for further adaptation of the main foundations of the country's social direction of our state to the European social space has been identified. Based on the conducted research, the following conclusions were formulated: the welfare state marks a certain historical stage in the development of the concept of a democratic, legal state; the functioning of such a state, at the current stage of society's development, is possible in the presence of an appropriate model of the social market economy, which ensures the stability of modern society and its sustainable development; the improvement of the legal foundations of the social state at the current stage should take place taking into account the tendency to "green" the democratic, legal state, as well as the formation of the European social model and integration into the European social space; within the social sphere of such a state, the implementation of socio-economic and environmental rights enshrined at the constitutional level should be guaranteed. Recommendations are given on borrowing the experience of European countries in building a social state in Ukraine, ensuring the rights of vulnerable categories of Ukrainian citizens, along with state authorities and local self government bodies, as well as civil society institutions.

Hurry to do good deeds

In the Ozherelievsky Railway College — a branch of PGUPS, the volunteer movement SD 3 “Hurry to do good deeds” has existed for more than 20 years. It currently has more than 500 people in its ranks — these are students, teachers, parents of students, college graduates. Volunteers work in many areas: help the elderly and people with disabilities; children left without parental care; homeless animals; participate in campaigns for a healthy lifestyle, etc.Currently, the volunteer movement is developing the following areas: environmental volunteering; promotion of healthy lifestyles; creation; intellectual volunteering (when a person uses his professional skills and knowledge for the benefit of others free of charge); preservation of the history of their region; spiritual volunteering.CD 3 is marked by many letters of thanks, diplomas and certificates. Projects win prizes in various competitions: in 2021, the social volunteering project “Hurry up to do good deeds” was awarded a 1st degree diploma in the “Best Volunteer” review competition of the volunteer movement of educational institutions of secondary vocational education administered by the Federal railroad agencies.

Legal principles of participation of public associations in the search for missing person under special circumstances

The relevance of the article lies in the fact that in the present conditions problematic issues of tracing missing persons are in the plane of solving the totality of legal sciences, such as administrative law, criminal law, forensics, criminology, operational-search activity.
 The article states that certain aspects of search activity regarding missing persons were and still remain the subject of many studies. The author determined the state of scientific development of the subject of research, at the same time outlined the directions that require in-depth study due to the current state of the regulatory framework - the participation of public associations and volunteer organizations in the search for persons missing under special circumstances.
 It was found that the search for persons missing under special circumstances requires updating the legal regulation due to the presence of separate legal gaps. In particular, the term "volunteer organization" and "volunteer movement" remains undefined, which are used by some public organizations to refer to their activities.
 The attention is focused on the need to legislate the term "volunteer organization" ("volunteer movement"), by which it is proposed to understand a public association that carries out charitable activities in favor of persons affected by special circumstances, and does not intend to make a profit.
 Legal support for the functioning of public associations, whose areas of activity are providing assistance in the search for missing persons - adults, children and a separate category of persons - military personnel and prisoners of war.
 It is established that the legislation of Ukraine contains a list of state authorities that are empowered to carry out search actions against persons missing under special circumstances. Nevertheless, there is no proper organization for the publication of the functioning of public associations in the field of search for missing persons.

Development of Higher Education Institutions and Online Communication with Students in Modern Conditions

The conditions that have developed in the educational sphere since the beginning of the Russian military aggression in Ukraine have significantly complicated the implementation of the educational process, the establishment of professional communication – from contacts with the immediate environment to global and intercultural ties. The stress burden experienced by both teachers and students includes the forced relocation of participants of the educational process to other regions, the participation of teachers and students in hostilities, territorial defence units and volunteer movements, the loss of relatives and friends, etc. In such conditions, teachers in higher educational institutions should react quickly and take corrective measures in order to restore professional and pedagogical communication. The purpose of the academic paper is to characterize, clarify the advantages, disadvantages and determine the features of certain types of online communication of higher educational institutions with students in modern conditions. In the course of the present research, a number of general and special methods of analysis of scientific sources were applied, as well as an online survey was used to study the standpoint of participants of the educational process, namely, students and teachers of higher educational institutions, regarding the features of online communication of higher education institutions with students in current conditions. Based on the results of the research, the main characteristics of the communication processes taking place in the online mode in higher education were studied, and the standpoint of the participants of the educational process regarding the priority components of the organization of the educational online system was clarified.