Voluntary Sampling Method Research Articles

Mediating Role of Self-Criticism in the Relationship between Fear of Negative Evaluation and Self-Compassion with Social Anxiety in Yazd Medical Students

Introduction: Social anxiety is characterized by marked anxiety, cognitive and emotional dysfunction in social situations and can lead to social avoidance behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-criticism in the relationship between the fear of negative evaluation and self-compassion with social anxiety in Yazd medical students. Methods: A correlational research study was conducted using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research consisted of all students of medicine, pharmacy and dentistry of Shahid Sadougi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd in the academic year of 2021-2022. The sample size of 250 people was determined; sampling was done by voluntary sampling method. Research instruments included social anxiety scale (Jarabek, 1996), fear of negative evaluation (Leary, 1983), short form of self-compassion (Rees et al., 2011) and self-criticism (Thompson and Zaroff, 2004), which were published online. Finally, the data of 227 students were analyzed by Pearson correlation and structural equation model using SPSS16 and Amos24 software. Results: The results showed that the direct effect of fear of negative evaluation and self-criticism on social anxiety was significant (P<0.001) the direct effect of self-compassion on students' social anxiety was insignificant (P<0.05) and the direct effect of fear of negative evaluation and self-compassion on self-criticism was also significant (P<0.001). Similarly, the bootstrap results showed that the effect of fear of negative evaluation and self-compassion on social anxiety through self-criticism was significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: Fear of negative evaluation significantly influences social anxiety, highlighting self-criticism's mediating role in this relationship.

(059) THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SYSTEMIC TREATMENT ON SEXUAL RELUCTANCE IN WOMEN

Abstract Introduction Diminished sexual desire among women is a prevalent issue that transcends various age, cultural, social, and economic contexts. This condition significantly impacts quality of life, mental well-being, and marital satisfaction, leading to considerable psychological and emotional distress for those affected. In light of these consequences, the current study was undertaken to examine the efficacy of systemic treatment in addressing sexual reluctance in women. Employing a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test structure, the study incorporated a control group and included a two-month follow-up period Objective Lack of desire for sexual activity among women is a widespread issue that transcends various age groups, cultural contexts, and socio-economic conditions. This condition significantly impacts the overall quality of life, mental well-being, and marital satisfaction, inflicting numerous psychological and emotional challenges on those affected. Recognizing the substantial consequences associated with this problem, the present study was undertaken to explore the effectiveness of systemic treatment in addressing sexual reluctance in women. Methods The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test structure, incorporating a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population comprised women experiencing hypoactive sexual desire in Tehran in 2019. Twenty-four participants were selected through a voluntary sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups, each consisting of 12 women. The experimental group underwent systemic treatment over eight sessions during two months, with one 90-minute session per week. The Sexual Desire Questionnaire (Halbert, 1992) was utilized for data collection. Analysis of the collected data was conducted using repeated measurement ANOVA through SPSS 23 statistical software Results The data obtained from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA via SPSS 23 statistical software. The results showed that systematic therapy has significant effect on the women’s hypoactive sexual desire (p<0.001) in a way that this therapy could lead to the decrease of women’s hypoactive sexual desire. Conclusions The current study suggests that systematic therapy is a viable method to alleviate hypoactive sexual desire in women. This approach involves various techniques, including correcting unrealistic expectations, addressing communication challenges, exploring doubts about treatment, promoting accountability for sexual intimacy, rectifying misconceptions about love and sexual behavior, analyzing conflict resolution styles, training in punctuation techniques, attending to emotional expression, revisiting the familial environment, scrutinizing parental messages, incorporating positive themes, addressing fear of intimacy and power dynamics, and identifying and expressing anger in a healthy manner. Overall, this comprehensive approach is considered effective in reducing low sexual desire in women. Disclosure No.

Cross-cultural anxiety, parental and partner attachments and their correlation with relationship satisfaction

The present study was designed to investigate the cross-cultural anxiety, parental attachment, partner attachment and their correlation with the relationship satisfaction. In this study, the data were collected by voluntary sampling method and a total of 434 participants were recruited. One-way ANOVA analysis showed that Americans, Bangladeshi, and English reported higher levels of anxiety in their life than Thai nationalities which indicated that Thai have more relationship satisfaction than other nationalities. Further analysis showed that there is a significant positive correlation between anxiety and avoidant attachment, anxious attachment, mother avoidant, mother anxious, father avoidant, father anxious. In the analysis of attachment style, it was found that father avoidant and mother avoidant attachment was higher than father anxious and mother anxious attachment with their children. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 33(1): 23-31, 2024 (January)

Analyzing the health information needs of families with children suffering from cancer in the city of Yazd

Background: It is of paramount significance to address the needs of parents who have children with cancer. This research aims to analyze the health information needs of families with children suffering from cancer in Yazd city.
 Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on a total of 248 individuals from families whose children underwent cancer treatment at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd. The participants were selected through a non-random, purposeful, and voluntary sampling method. The data were collected using a comprehensive questionnaire consisting of 48 items. The data analysis was performed with the SPSS software version 25 and through t-tests, chi-square, ANOVA, and correlation analyses.
 Result: Through a meticulous comparison of the scores obtained with a predetermined threshold of 3, all levels of information needs were satisfactorily met. However, it became evident that the parents needed more information to be given by the treatment staff regarding cancer and called for social, economic and spiritual support (p≤0.5). Moreover, the study identified and prioritized the information needs based on the average scores across the four examined factors. The highest-priority need was identified as “the information about cancer provided by the treatment staff"(2.99±0.7). The second most important need was found to be "social, economic and spiritual support"(2.98±0.7). The third priority was assigned to “the accessibility and exchange of relevant health information"(2.77±0.62). Lastly, the fourth priority pertained to"health facilities, services and counseling"(2.61±0.63). Furthermore, the independent t-test revealed that the average score on the total health information needs of the families with cancer-affected children was significantly higher for the women (140.5±20.4) than for the men (117.7± 11.55).
 Conclusion: When handling children with cancer, it is crucial for the treatment staff to provide information about cancer and give social, economic and spiritual support in order to fully meet the information requirements of the families involved.

The Influence of Tax Knowledge and Socialization Factors on Awareness of Tax Obligations in the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) Sector Case study on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Cileungsi in 2023

The main aim of this research is to analyze and find out whether knowledge and socialization of taxation have an effect on awareness of tax obligations in the micro, small and medium enterprise (MSME) sector in the Cileungsi area. This research uses a quantitative analysis method with a sampling technique using non-probability sampling with a voluntary sampling method. The sample obtained in this research was 102 respondents with data collection using the questionnaire method. The data analysis technique used in this research uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis based on Partial Least Square (PLS) using the SmartPLS 4.0 analysis tool. The results of this research data show that there is an influence that supports tax knowledge on increasing tax awareness, this is shown in the path coefficient value (0.438) and p-value (0.000 < 0.05). As well as the influence that supports tax socialization on increasing tax awareness, this is shown in the path coefficient (0.383) and p-value (0.000 < 0.05).

The THE EFFECT OF KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION ON MOTIVATION TO RECEIVE COVID-19 VACCINE AMONG GENERATIONS

The vaccination program has become the most anticipated intervention in minimizing the spread of COVID-19, including in Indonesia. Individual motivation to receive COVID-19 vaccination is believed to be one of the important predictors of achieving national vaccination targets. This study aims to analyze the differences, relationships, and the effect of knowledge and perceptions toward motivation to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among generations. This study used an explanatory design and voluntary sampling method with 201 respondents from generations X, Y, and Z. This study showed a significant difference in knowledge, perception, and motivation between generations. More than half of the respondents had a moderate knowledge of vaccination. Moreover, Generation X and Generation Y respondents were more likely to have poor perceptions regarding COVID-19 vaccination and lack motivation to receive the vaccine. Meanwhile, generation Z recorded a moderate level of perception and motivation regarding vaccination. The results also showed that there was a significant correlation between respondent characteristics and knowledge and perception. The regression test results showed that family income, number of dependents, ethnicity, vaccination status, and perceptions related to vaccination significantly affected motivation to vaccinate COVID-19.

Digital Communication Innovation of Food Waste Using the AISAS Approach: Evidence from Indonesian Adolescents

The Attention, Interest, Search, Action, and Share (AISAS) model describes consumer behavior in the era of the Internet and technological advances. This study aimed to analyze the effects of attention, interest, information seeking, and action on knowledge sharing on the issue of food waste. The respondents in this study were 302 students aged between 16 and 25 years across 11 universities in Indonesia, who were either members of a food waste community or not. Respondents were selected using the voluntary sampling method. Data were collected using an online self-administered questionnaire, and analyzed using structural equation modeling through the LISREL 8.80 software. The results of this study reinforce the theory of the AISAS model, which sometimes operates linearly. Our findings revealed that attention had a direct effect on interest and information search; interest had a direct effect on information search and action; information search had a direct effect on knowledge sharing; and actions had a direct effect on knowledge sharing. Suggested government measures include providing advertisements related to food waste that incorporate designs, sounds, visuals, and content to reflect emerging trends. Communities need to increase awareness to reduce food waste through concrete actions or knowledge sharing to rouse public interest.

The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training on Self-Control and Social Adaptation in Housewives

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on self-control and social adaptation in housewives. Methods and Materials: The research method was a quasi-experimental design using a randomized two-group pretest-posttest approach. The statistical population of the study comprised all housewives visiting Fateh Garden in the Jahanshahr neighborhood of Karaj in 2023. Considering that the minimum sample size for a quasi-experimental design is 30 participants, housewives who exercised at Fateh Garden during the week, met the research criteria, and were willing to participate after receiving explanations about the procedures and ethical assurances from the researchers, were selected. A total sample size of 30 participants (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) was chosen using a voluntary sampling method and randomly assigned to the two groups. Data were collected using the Bell Social Adaptation Scale, the Tangney Self-Control Scale, and sessions based on the mindfulness training by Lewas and Schumann Oliver (2018). Findings: Results indicated that mindfulness training had a positive and significant impact on self-control and social adaptation in housewives. Conclusion: Thus, the potential of mindfulness training to enhance aspects such as self-control and social adaptation in couples can be utilized.

SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS ANALYSIS OF CLASS IV STUDENTS OF KANISIUS SENGKAN YOGYAKARTA ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN SCIENCE LEARNING CONTENT

This study aims to determine the level of proficiency in science process skills of fourth grade students at Kanisius Sengkan Elementary School, Yogyakarta. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. The subjects of this study were 4th grade students of Kanisius Sengkan Elementary School, Yogyakarta. The research method used is an investigative method using simple statistical analysis techniques. The population used was fourth grade students at Kanisius Sengkan Elementary School, Yogyakarta. The sample was obtained using voluntary sampling method, so that the sample obtained was 82 students. Data collection using a test engine with a total of 25 multiple choice questions. The results showed that the science process skills (SPS) of the 4th graders of Kanisius Sengkan Primary School Yogyakarta in terms of the content of scientific learning were very high, because the science process skills of each school were mostly high with an overall score of 66%. The science process skills (SPS) that are best mastered by students in each school are grouping, interpreting, predicting, using tools and materials, asking questions, and communicating. The science progress skills (SPS) of the 4th grade students of Kanisius Sengkan Primary School Yogyakarta in terms of learning science content are relatively high. However, some scientific process skills (competencies) have not been mastered optimally by students in each school, such as observation, planning experiments, conducting experiments and forming hypotheses.

Relationship of Adolescent Self-Control with Covid-19 Health Protocol Adherence (Survey of Adolescents in Palembang City)

Background: COVID-19 is a health problem that is currently a global concern caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. South Sumatra Province has a percentage of COVID-19 mortality rate of 5.92%, which exceeds the national mortality percentage of 4.1%. Elimination of COVID-19 cases is one of the implementations of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which aims to end the epidemic of infectious diseases by 2030. Adolescents are faced with the ability to control their attitudes well in order to be consistent in action and achieve emotional maturity and character building. Objectives: to analyze the relationship between adolescent self-control and compliance with COVID-19 health protocols. Methods: This research uses the analytical observational method with a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. This study’s respondents were 100 samples using the voluntary sampling method. Information was collected online via Google form in February 2021. Data were analyzed using a simple linear regression test. Results: Univariate results showed that compliance with the COVID-19 health protocol was 53%. There was a significant relationship between behavioral, cognitive, and decision control on compliance with the COVID-19 health protocol. Linear regression results show a moderate and positive relationship between behavioral control (r = 0.274), cognitive control (r = 0.425), and decision control (r = 0, 473) to compliance with COVID-19 health protocols. Conclusions: Adolescents in Palembang City have good self-control so that they can modify and control behavior, manage information, and choose actions on COVID-19 protocols.

Risk Assessment of Cyclophosphamide and Mycophenolate Mofetil after Induction Treatment of Lupus Nephritis: A Single Center Quasi-Experimental Study

Background: The comparative safety of immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate mofetil for patients with lupus nephritis remains controversial. The study aimed to investigate the specific side effects of cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate mofetil in lupus nephritis patient after induction treatment.
 Materials and methods: It was a quasi-experimental study performed in the Department of Nephrology of Chittagong Medical College Hospital. A total of 100 patients of lupus nephritis who fulfilled the designated criteria were enrolled in this study by non-probability voluntary sampling method. The treatment was given on patient’s choice. After screening and treatment initiation, patients were assessed at 12 and 24 weeks. All the data were compiled in a structured case record form.
 Results: In the present study 48 patients (53.3%) in mycophenolate mofetil group and 42 patients (46.7%) in intravenous cyclophosphamide group completed 24 weeks of induction treatment of lupus nephritis. Infections were common in both treatment groups but significantly higher with intravenous cyclophosphamide group ((33.3% vs. 8.3%). Upper gastrointestinal syndrome occurred with 20(41%) patients in mycophenolate mofetil group and 7(16.7%) patients in intravenous cyclophosphamide group (RR=5.8333). Regarding other adverse effect, 10 patients of intravenous cyclophosphamide and two patients of mycophenolate mofetil group had amenorrhea (23.8% vs.4.2%). Alopecia (11.9%) was seen only by intravenous cyclophosphamide group ((RR=0.0798).
 Conclusion: Induction therapy with Mycophenolate mofetil was superior to intravenous cyclophosphamide in lupus nephritis in this study. Mycophenolate mofetil appeared to be better tolerated than cyclophosphamide.
 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.22 (1); January 2023; Page 28-32

Effectiveness of Compassion-Enriched Acceptance and Commitment Treatment with and Without Sertraline on Depression, Stress, and Anxiety in Methadone-Containing Substance Abuse Patients: A Clinical Trial

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combination therapy with sertraline and compassion-enriched act on depression, stress, and anxiety in opioid abuse patients treated with methadone compared to intervention based on compass-enriched acceptance and commitment treatment alone.Methods: This study was a clinical trial with a pre-test and post-test design. Forty people were selected by voluntary sampling method; after matching, they were divided into two groups with 15 participants. The first group received compassion-enriched acceptance and commitment treatment and the second group received combination therapy with compassion-enriched acceptance and commitment treatment and sertraline for 28 days. Patients were evaluated based on the Anxiety-Stress-Depression Questionnaire (DASS-21). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16, multivariate analysis of covariance test at the level of 0.05.
 Results: The results showed that both interventional methods effectively treat depression, stress, and anxiety (p<0.01), while the combined treatment of enriched acceptance and commitment treatment with compassion plus sertraline has the most significant effect on the studied parameters (p<0.01).
 Conclusion: Acceptance and commitment treatment enriched with compassion plus drug therapy effectively reduces depression, stress, and anxiety in opioid addicts under methadone maintenance treatment and can be used as an effective method in the treatment of addiction.

Family Process and Content Factors Predicting COVID-19 Anxiety and Self-Care Behaviors in Adolescents

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the role of family process and content factors in predicting coronavirus anxiety and self-care behaviors during the COVID-19 outbreak in adolescents of Iran. Methods: The present study was a descriptive correlational study. Five hundred Iranian adolescents aged 14 to 18 were selected through the voluntary sampling method. Self-Report Family Process Scale, Self-Report Family Content Scale, Corona Disease Anxiety Scale, and Corona Disease Self-care Behavior Questionnaire were used. Results: Pearson correlation and multivariate regression (stepwise method) were used to analyze the data. The results of the stepwise regression analysis showed that decision-making/problem-solving (B = –0.17), and coping skills (B = 0.11), could significantly predict 0.16 of COVID-19 anxiety. In addition, coping skills (B = 0.19), communication skills (B = 0.14), and family cohesion/respect (B = 0.11) could predict 0.29 of self-care behaviors. Regression analysis also showed that job, education (B = –0.17), and time spent together (B = 0.12) could predict 0.20 of COVID-19 anxiety. Furthermore, facilities (B = –0.3/92) could predict 0.20 of self-care behaviors. Conclusions: We can conclude that changes in process and content factors of the family are associated with changes in anxiety and self-care behaviors during the COVID-19 outbreak.

The Effectiveness of Narrative Exposure Therapy on Quality of Life and Emotional Regulation in Divorced Women in Zarrinshahr City

Aim: Today, considering the growing divorce and its consequences in society, it is important to examine it in different aspects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of narrative medical exposure on quality of life and emotional regulation of divorced women in zarrinshahr city (Iran).
 Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all divorced women of Zarrinshahr Relief Committee. A sample of 30 women under the Imam Khomeini Relief Organization was selected by voluntary sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 subjects) and control (n = 15). Data were gathered in two stages: pre-test and post-test. World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire Group of Experts of the World Health Organization (1996) and Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (Gross, et al., 2003) were used. The experimental group received 7 days of treatment and 90 minute treatment group (NET); while the control group received no intervention. The collected data were analyzed using univariate covariance (ANCOVA) and analyzed by SPSS-23 software.
 Findings: The results showed that after controlling the effects of pre-test, there was a significant difference between the post-test scores of the two groups in the dimensions of physical health (F = 369.965; P <0.001), mental health (F = 75.457; P <0.000), Social health (F = 52.905; P <0.003) and environmental health (F = 320.321; P <0.001) and dimensions of cognitive reassessment (F = 260.901; P <0.001) and subduction (1/359; F= P> 0.005).
 Conclusion: The results of this study show that oral exposure can be a suitable health plan for improving the quality of life and emotional problems of divorced women.

Comparison Between Self-Deliberate Practice and Directed Learning Training Methods for Basic Life Support Knowledge and High-Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Skill Retention in Second-Year Medical Students 3 and 6 Months After Training.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) requires well-trained medical personnel. Multiple learning methods can be done for CPR skills training. This study aimed to compare self-deliberate practice (SDP) method and directed learning (DL) method to improve basic life support (BLS) knowledge and CPR skill performance in medical students. This is an experimental, single-blind, randomized controlled trial study of 40 medical students from February to July 2019. Forty subjects were randomly assigned into SDP and DL groups through a voluntary sampling method. Both groups attended a 1-day course and then practiced once a month for 3months. The DL group had practice sessions with assigned tutors, while the SDP group had to practice by themselves. Examination of BLS knowledge and CPR performance quality (compression depth, rate, and performance score) was collected before and after course lecture, after a skills training, 3 and 6months after training. Subject characteristics of both groups were comparable. Significant knowledge and skill improvement were found in the DL group and the SDP group when compared to their knowledge and skill before training. There were no significant differences between both groups in BLS knowledge and CPR performance quality in all examination periods. Both SDP and DL teaching methods show significant improvement and excellent retention in BLS knowledge and high-quality CPR performance. These two learning methods are both feasible and bring positive results for students. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-023-01746-7.

Teaching Medical Professionalism with a Scenario-based Approach Using Role-Playing and Reflection: A Step towards Promoting Integration of Theory and Practice.

Professionalism, as one of the core competencies of physicians, is essential for providing the patients with higher quality care. It is an abstract concept and its education and assessment need objective and operational methods. The present study aimed at teaching the concepts of professionalism based on a scenario-based approach using role-playing and reflection. This is a pre-experimental study (one-group pretest-posttest design) with a mixed method approach. The study was conducted on 18 medical students (by voluntary sampling method) who had enrolled in the Medical Ethics Course at Kashan University of Medical Sciences in 2020. Twelve scenarios were designed about the most prevalent issues of medical professionalism. In each session, one group of students played out their scenarios and then, the participants and instructors discussed their role-playing. Participants' knowledge about professionalism was assessed at the beginning and end of each session, and they completed a satisfaction questionnaire and a reflection form. T-tests (one-sample and paired T-test) were applied for statistical analysis. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 26), and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. The mean scores of the participants' knowledge in post-test were significantly higher than those in the pre-test (P=0.042, t=-2.074). The mean scores of the participants' role-playing quality (p<0.001) and satisfaction (p=0.001) were significantly higher than their corresponding test values. Qualitative analysis of the participants' reflections revealed their satisfaction with the study intervention. The scenarios, role-playing, and reflection could provide an opportunity for operationalizing the concepts of professionalism and deep learning of students. Medical instructors need to improve their knowledge and skills of using active methods in teaching professionalism to medical students.

Pengaruh Sosialisasi Perpajakan, Pemahaman Perpajakan, Tarif Pajak, dan Sanksi Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Pada Pelaku E-Commerce di Shopee

The study aims to examine the effect of tax socialization, understanding of taxation, tax rates and tax sanctions on taxpayer compliance in e-commerce at Shopee. The population used in this study were all questionnaires distributed via chat on the Shopee platform. The data used were collected based on voluntary sampling method and obtained a sample of 104 respondents. The method used in this study is a quantitative method using SPSS. The result in this study reveal that the variables of taxation socialization, understanding of taxation, and tax sanctions have no effect on taxpayer compliance in e-commerce at Shopee and tax rates affect taxpayer compliance in e-commerce at Shopee.

The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavior Therapy on Anxiety, Physical Symptoms, Worry, and Attention Deficit in Women with Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Background: Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) causes a person's life to be full of worries by involving cognitive processes and not tolerating uncertainty and increasing worry and affecting the quality of sleep and attention of these people, and disrupting life functions. Objective: This study investigated the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on anxiety, physical symptoms, worry, and attention deficits in people with GAD. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test study with an experimental group and a control group. In this study, 30 women with GAD were selected using a voluntary sampling method. After matching, participants were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received CBT for 10 sessions, but the control group did not receive any treatment. The research instruments included the attention skills Questionnaire by Savari and Oraki and the Pennsylvania State Worry Scale. Results: There was a significant difference in physical symptoms in the experimental group compared to the control group (P&lt; 0.01, F = 65.28), while in the experimental group, there was a significant difference in worry compared to the control group. Moreover, there was a significant difference in attention deficit in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results showed that CBT improved attention deficit and worry in women with GAD.

Comparing the Effects of Methadone Administration with Sertraline or Venlafaxine on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress of Patients With Substance Abuse: A Clinical Trial

Background and Objectives: Psychological problems caused by drug addiction or cessation of drug use can increase the risk of relapse in patients under methadone maintenance treatment. This study aims to compare the effects of the administration of methadone with sertraline or venlafaxine on depression, anxiety, and stress of patients with substance abuse. Methods: This is a clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test design. Participants were 40 patients under methadone therapy who were selected by voluntary sampling method and randomly divided into two groups. The first group received methadone plus venlafaxine and the second group received methadone plus sertraline. Patients were evaluated using the depression, anxiety, stress scale. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and analysis of covariance. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Both sertraline and venlafaxine significantly affected depression, anxiety, and stress levels of patients (P&lt;0.001). No significant difference was observed between the effects of sertraline and venlafaxine (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Venlafaxine and sertraline can be used to improve the mental health of patients under methadone therapy. Their selection can be based on the psychiatrist’s opinion and the amount of drug side effects.

Career Barriers of Lampung University Students Force 2015 - 2021

This study aims to identify various obstacles faced by students in the process of planning their careers. This study uses a qualitative survey approach with 970 students of eight faculties at the University of Lampung, Class of 2015-2021. Respondents were recruited through a voluntary sampling method. The data was obtained from an instrument in the form of a survey with open-ended questions distributed online through the google form application. The data were then analyzed using thematic analysis techniques with the help of the ATLAS.ti 9 for Windows application. Through the thematic analysis process, two themes were found, namely internal and external career preparation barriers. The themes of internal career preparation barriers are various things that students perceive to hinder their career preparation process and come from themselves, including self-understanding, self-confidence, self-motivation, physical condition, mastery of skills, economic conditions, and career literacy. In contrast, external barriers include family support, mentor support, friend support, availability of connections, lecture dynamics, and campus support.