Voluntary Project Research Articles

A New Generation of Citizen Scientists: Self-Efficacy and Skill Growth in a Voluntary Project Applied in the College Classroom Setting

Using citizen science resources and projects in university education is a burgeoning pedagogical tool that can promote real-world application of science, autonomous learning, and understanding of self-efficacy in science learning. In this case study, we examined several factors relating to self-efficacy and skill growth in STEM and non-STEM majors in life science courses of different levels at one university. Four life science classes in Fall 2022 (n = 109 students) voluntarily participated in a self-guided pollinator training module. Motivations, previous awareness, participation, and self-efficacy and self-identification for citizen science participation and for general scientific inquiry were assessed through pre- and post-surveys before and after module training. Students characterized themselves as STEM or non-STEM majors to understand self-identity. In having students self-report their identity in STEM, we found a trend (79.2%) of natural resource and agricultural majors ranking themselves as non-STEM. Across all participants, we observed a significant increase for learning outcomes between pre- and post-survey results (ɑ = 0.05). Self-reported non-STEM students showed a positive trend between surveys across survey questions. In comparison, self-reported STEM students showed very little increase across surveys but ranked highly in both pre- and post-survey results (mean = 3.42 out of 4). Overall, our findings suggest that even small-scale citizen science–based projects may increase students’ familiarity with concepts based in scientific inquiry and meet learning outcomes benefitting the goals of both higher education and citizen science initiatives.

The Issues and Ethical Dilemmas of College Volunteers in Short-term Voluntary Teaching Projects

In recent years, with the continuous pursuit of self-worth by the public, more and more voluntary projects of non-governmental organizations and non-profit organizations have emerged and developed. While these voluntary projects bring some positive effects, there are also some negative problems. This article will take short-term volunteer teaching of college students as an example to analyze the problems and moral dilemmas of volunteers in short-term volunteer projects. Through research, it can be found that volunteers in short-term volunteer teaching projects lack professionalism and vocational training, a lack of sustainable teaching mechanisms, and the moral dilemma faced by volunteers themselves. The research content of this paper will enhance the understanding of short-term voluntary teaching, and lead to practical implications for developing volunteer teaching programs in China. Meanwhile, it will provide theoretical support for the subsequent design and management of voluntary projects of Chinese non-profit organizations and also put forward feasible suggestions for the selection and training of volunteers, as well as the publicity and supervision of voluntary projects.

Terrorist attacks and environmental social and governance performance: Evidence from cross‐country panel data

AbstractThis study is motivated by the absence of similar research that investigates the link between terrorism level and social and environmental performance measured by the ESG score. This study adopts cross‐country panel data represented by 5082 worldwide companies during the period 2011 to 2020. The terrorism level has been measured using the Global Terrorism Index as reported by The Institute for Economics and Peace Limited. Our findings indicate that the occurrence of terrorist events has a significant negative impact on ESG performance, both collectively and individually, due to the various consequences. Many businesses may suspend operations in countries where the threat of terrorism is increasing, resulting in a flight of investors and the disruption of development projects, which may weaken overall economic performance and voluntary projects. Thus, it is likely to result in undermining companies' environmental and social practices. In addition, as fears of terrorist attacks grow, the general system of corporate governance may deteriorate, halting sustainable development initiatives in these countries. Terrorist attacks introduce complex moral dilemmas, challenge stakeholder priorities, affect a company's legitimacy, and reshape the institutional landscape. Companies must navigate these multifaceted challenges, balancing immediate stakeholder concerns, reputation restoration, compliance obligations, and evolving societal expectations. Our findings are significant, with numerous implications for different stakeholders such as regulators, policymakers, investors, managers, and government agencies.

Sustainability of mining companies - analysis of social data as a scientific activity of Students

The main objective of the article is analyzing non-financial data of mining companies. The research part consists of an analysis of secondary data from the “social” domain, collected by the students from Faculty of Geoengineering, Mining and Geology Wrocław University of Science and Technology and organized according to the adopted criterion. The source of data were public reports of 8 mining entities. Social data were presented in relation to the selected information regarding corporate governance. The elaborated summary was used to present the tendency in the way of reporting non-financial data for the selected research group. At the same time, the aim of the work carried out is to reveal the potential of the group of students while combining the didactic process with scientific development during the process of creating the manuscript. The experimental approach to teaching by cooperating and the attempt to implement the perception of students as partners in higher education is a unique voluntary project at the Faculty of Geoengineering, Mining, and Geology.

Environmental consequences of ISO 14001 in European economies amidst structural change and technology innovation: Insights from green governance dynamism

In this last decade, the green growth paradigm has attracted a lot of attention. In addition to protecting the environment and people, green growth also instigates other stringent responsibilities on organizations and governments. Thus, to maintain and protect the environment, organizations must provide support for complex environmental concerns under a governance-enabling regulatory framework. Voluntary environmental initiatives have shown to be an effective strategy for reducing pollution. Through a variety of means, including modifications to procedures, adjustments to raw materials, redesign of products and packaging, and innovations in pollution control technology, these voluntary projects seek to reduce pollution. In order to access this channel within the European countries, we investigate how environmental safeguards are affected by ISO 14001, Structural change, technological innovation, and green Governance. We also took cognizant of spatial inference of environmental pollution using spatial econometric models. According to our econometric findings, (i) obtaining ISO 14001 certification leads to a sizable decrease in carbon emissions in European nations. (ii) The findings indicate spatial agglomeration, and neighbouring nations' pollution patterns are comparable. Because of the physical agglomeration between nations, nations must work together to combat air pollution and ensure progressive, sustainable development.

Voluntary Equity, Project Risk, and Capital Requirements

Voluntary Equity, Project Risk, and Capital Requirements

Polish smart power in terms of NGOs activity and intersections between development aid and public diplomacy

Intersections and links between public diplomacy and development aid have so far seldom been a subject of scientific analysis. Development aid as a component of niche diplomacy in the case of medium-sized countries, such as Poland, was eventually noticed by researchers of public diplomacy, and considered in terms of a state’s power. This article presents the results of a study whose goals were to find out in which areas Polish development aid and public diplomacy had common points, what the NGOs’ participation in both fields was, and whether the participation of the non-governmental sector in the implementation of development aid could itself be treated as public diplomacy. Subsequently, the study aimed to establish to what extent those possible common points, supported by NGOs’ activities, could become a Polish specialty, a niche that could be used by Poland in building its smart power. I claimed that public diplomacy is a form of political communication, used in the implementation of foreign policy, in cooperation with non-state actors, and in two contexts: building the image of the state and building its relationships with the international community; Whereas I understand development aid as the entire activity of the donor’s government for supporting developing countries, including humanitarian aid. The aid initiatives are carried out with non-state entities involvement; and the global education as a part of development cooperation is included here too. Referring my study’s assumptions to the concept of J. Pamment concerning three levels of intersections between public diplomacy and development aid, I divided Polish activity into development, humanitarian, and voluntary projects; branding, marketing, promotional and global education activities, and finally the discourse on projects and communication activities. Both public diplomacy and development aid were considered in terms of power. However in the case of development aid, both soft and hard resources were noticed, whereas in public diplomacy—only the soft ones. It prompted me to analyse both areas in terms of smart power, which—according to J.S. Nye’s concept—is understood here as the combination of hard and soft resources. To achieve that I found the methods such as foreign policy analysis (documents content analysis, institutional analysis), case study, desk research, as well as participant observation, to be very useful. It turned out that many areas in which Poland, after joining the European Union in 2004, could build its international social relationships within its smart power have already been taken over by more developed countries. Nevertheless, the results of the study proved that between 2004 and 2012 a successful transformation and democracy promotion became components of Poland’s narrative as a country of smart democratic changes, and Polish NGOs’ significantly participated these processes. Additionally, as a result of my study I proposed the possibility of examining both areas based on NGOs’ activity in terms of Polish smart power, also in the future.

Search and study of the space debris and asteroids within ISON project.

International Scientific Optical Network (ISON) is an open international voluntary project specializing in observations of the near-Earth space objects. Observatories collaborating with ISON provide the global coverage and successfully combine the observations of the space debris and asteroids. The network includes more than 50 telescopes of 27 observatories in 15 countries and has been working since 2005. ISON monitors the whole GEO region and tracks the objects at GEO, GTO, HEO and LEO. ISON data allowing maintenance of the database of the space objects orbits, validating space debris population model and providing conjunction assessment analysis for satellites at high orbits. ISON develops the technology of asteroid survey with small telescopes and arranges regular photometry observations of near-Earth asteroids (NEA) to investigate the YORP effect, search new binary NEAs, and support radar experiments.

Missing Maps Project and Its Use in Education

Abstract. The article is about OpenStreetMap and Missing Maps Project and their introducing in the remote sensing classes at universities to show potential of geographic information to improve education of people about how to help to solve the disaster and crisis situations in the World. This approach also serves as a real model for learning to interpret satellite imagery in such situations.At the beginning of the article different kinds of disasters are briefly mentioned including their causes and effect on the life of people. Then crisis management is briefly introduced from the point of view selected voluntary projects which are analysed to make process more targeted and efficient. After that Missing Maps project is introduced together with OpenStreetMap and their outputs on the example of non-profit organization Doctors Without Borders (MSF) operating in different parts of the World. In the next part the ways how to contribute and improve their activities and how the whole cooperation works are arranged. Next part of the article focuses on Missing Maps mapathons (meetings of volunteers who create open-source maps for MSF) and the way how they are organized in Brno, Czechia. Editing of the OpenStreetMap for the Missing Maps project has been recently introduced to usual remote sensing classes for students of Masaryk University in Brno. Information about this activity is also described.

Overstated carbon emission reductions from voluntary REDD+ projects in the Brazilian Amazon

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) has gained international attention over the past decade, as manifested in both United Nations policy discussions and hundreds of voluntary projects launched to earn carbon-offset credits. There are ongoing discussions about whether and how projects should be integrated into national climate change mitigation efforts under the Paris Agreement. One consideration is whether these projects have generated additional impacts over and above national policies and other measures. To help inform these discussions, we compare the crediting baselines established ex-ante by voluntary REDD+ projects in the Brazilian Amazon to counterfactuals constructed ex-post based on the quasi-experimental synthetic control method. We find that the crediting baselines assume consistently higher deforestation than counterfactual forest loss in synthetic control sites. This gap is partially due to decreased deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon during the early implementation phase of the REDD+ projects considered here. This suggests that forest carbon finance must strike a balance between controlling conservation investment risk and ensuring the environmental integrity of carbon emission offsets. Relatedly, our results point to the need to better align project- and national-level carbon accounting.

Voluntary project “For Others” provides recreation and social interaction by implementing the activity assisted by animals

Voluntary project “For Others” provides recreation and social interaction by implementing the activity assisted by animals

Стратегия низкоуглеродного развития: перспективы для экономики России

As a party to the Paris Agreement Russia pledged not to exceed the net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions’ level of 70–75% to that existed in 1990. Energy efficiency improvement, structural shifts in production and the increase of Russian forests’ carbon sink capacity were the key contributors to curbing the GHG emissions in Russia during the last 25 years. The decreasing carbon intensity of the GDP was a natural result of economic growth and implementation of voluntary business projects to improve the efficiency of the industrial sector using investments in modernization of the production facilities. Russia disposes significant potential to reduce GHG emissions, but the feasibility and efficiency of respective measures should be evaluated considering the implications to economic growth. Implementation of the socalled aggressive scenario to halt global temperature growth at any cost within 1.5 °C as compared to the pre-industrial era is unacceptable to Russia from socioeconomic perspective given its leading to lowering the average annual GDP growth rate by 1.8 percentage points by 2050. In addition, tough measures to reduce GHG emissions involve energy costs skyrocketing to unprecedented levels – from the current 13% of the GDP to 30% of the GDP by 2040. Such a burden would hardly be compatible with economic growth or, in any case, provide for the economic growth’s providing for improvement of the communities’ standard of living. Russia needs the long-term development strategy with low GHG emissions level focused on improving the quality of living, modernizing and increasing the competitiveness of the national economy. Such a strategy rests on the following principles: 1) Russia has been the world leader in the GHG emissions reduction since 1990, so no solid reason exists for its soonest switching to excessively stringent climate commitments which result in ungrounded additional restrictions to its socio-economic development pace; 2) The core impediment to sustainable development of Russia is not a high level of the GHG emissions, but economic stagnation. Given that the reasonable scenario of the GHG emissions reduction implies the development path that allows the national economy to grow at a rate of 3% average annual GDP as the least; 3) Action priorities in the area of the GHG sinking should involve improvement of the LULUCF sector potential by promoting sound natural resources management policy and voluntary projects to increase carbon sink and reservoir capacity of the forest and wetland ecosystems; 4) Action priorities to reduce GHG emissions assume the imperative and expediency of economic stimulating of the structural change in the energy sector that involves production and technological chains within the country and do not provide for excessive price growth. Such change includes increasing use of natural gas (as the most “clean” fossil fuel) and nuclear energy (given Russia’s leading position in the nuclear technology area), as well as cogeneration of electricity and heat. Pronounced increase in using renewables, energy storage systems and electric vehicles should be acceptable only if production of these is successfully localized and costs are reduced. Sustainable economic growth is a prerequisite for intensifying energy efficiency improvement as it involves modernization of the production facilities and using available and competitive industrial capacities. Specific measures targeted at energy savings will be inefficient given economic stagnation. A reasonable (smart) scenario of the Russia long-term economic development with the low GHG emissions level should comply with the principles above and its driving force propelled by structural and technological modernization of the economy that fully involves economic potential of the energy resource and power sector. The implementation of this development scenario would allow Russia to comply with the Paris Agreement national commitments while ensuring economic growth at the pace not yielding to that of the global average.

Individuals prevalence affected by myopia in the riverside population of Santarém, Pará, compared to the urban population of Campinas, São Paulo

AbstractPurposeMensure the prevalence of myopia between 5–14 years and the use of technology between urban and rural populations.MethodsA prospective, observational, analytical, cross‐sectional, ecological study based on the review of 225 medical records and questionnaires applied in the voluntary project Barco de Saúde São Leopoldo Mandic, in Santarém and in the Penido Burnier Institute, in Campinas. The questionnaire measured the variables: age, sex, age at onset of exposure to technology, exposure time, type of technology and reason for use. Refractometric data were collected from the same autorefractive equipment in the two city to minimize divergences.ResultsOf the 225 patients analyzed, 14.66% are myopic, 27.27% from Santarém and 72.73% from Campinas. It was seen that 78.89% of patients in Pará did not use technology or only used television, in Campinas only 21.11% had this kind of contact. In Campinas there is greater use associated of cell phones, television, computer and tablets, besides the time of technology use in Pará to be between 0 to 3 hours while in Campinas it takes more than 3 hours.ConclusionThe myopia has its prevalence increasing significantly. It is a disorder with great social impact and eye health. The fast growth of its prevalence has suggested the involvement of environmental factors, such as the extensive use of near vision and poor exposure in outdoor settings. The study evidenced the relevant contribution of the environment.

Individual characters affected by cataract in the riverside population of the Tapajós River, in Pará

AbstractPurposeThe study search a prevalence Cataracts profile in the Riverside Population of the Tapajós River, in Pará. In view of this disease, it is the largest cause of reversible blindness in the world, accountable of 47.8% of the cases and of great social relevance because it impacts the quality of life.MethodsA prospective, observational, analytical, cross‐sectional, ecological study based on the review of medical records in the voluntary project Barco de Saúde São Leopoldo Mandic. The cataract cases were classified according to the LOCSIII system.ResultsOf these, 56.6% are males and 43.39% are females. The proportion between each age group was: 0.62% (10–19 years); 1.88% (30–39 years); 16.98% (40–49 years); 32.7% (50–59 years); 24.5% (60–69 years); 19.49% (70–79 years) and, 3.77% (80–89 years). The prevalence of pseudophakia among the other diagnoses was 2.64%. The mean visual acuity with correction in each age group was: 20/30 (10–19 years); 20/25 (30–39 years); 20/25 (40–49 years); 20/50 (50–59 years); 20/60 (60–69 years); 20/110 (70–79 years) and 20/250 (80–89 years).ConclusionsThe incidence of cataract in north of Brazil is high, when compared, for example, with the USA, where the overall prevalence is only 8.6%. The number of pseudophakia is low (2.64%). The beginning of appearance is untimely and the proportion of cases is higher than the resto of the country.

A Syllabus Design in Learning Speaking for International Volunteers as Non-Native Speakers of Indonesian

Indonesia International Work Camp (IIWC) is an international organization. The organization facilitates Indonesian course to foreign volunteers who conduct a voluntary project in Indonesia. The course started in 2009 up to now. If there is one lack from the course, it is because the course did not have any syllabus. This action research study has a main purpose to design an Indonesian speaking syllabus for IIWC foreign volunteers based on contextual field at a project site. This action research included a basic action research routine: look, think and act. An approach employed in this research is case study. Questionnaires, interviews, notes, a teaching journal, recordings, photographs and videos were taken during the course process. The population of this research is the IIWC foreign volunteers. The sample of this research is Yurie Takahashi, a Japanese foreign volunteer who was the only new foreign volunteer came in Indonesia at that time. She conducted a social international voluntary service in Indonesia. The major research participants are I as the Indonesian speaking instructor, and the foreign volunteer as the learner. The collected data is analyzed using a process of reflection and interpretation that is categorizing and coding. The findings are: the syllabus for Indonesian speaking course, for IIWC foreign volunteers who conducted a project at the project site of Fatimatuzzahro orphanage Semarang central-Java Indonesia. The syllabus employs a learning centered approach. Then the program evaluation revealed the instructor’s teaching and attitudes from the learner’s perspective and the learner’s progresses after joining the course. Eventually, the teaching materials compilation was taught from the syllabus made to be a handout of the course which can support the teaching-learning processes later. It is suggested to other IIWC’s Indonesian speaking instructors who will teach foreign volunteers at the orphanage can look at the syllabus in advance, so that they can know starting points in surveying the existing situation. It is also suggested to other researchers to take the uninvestigated cases in this research regarding Indonesian listening and pronunciation problems which later can be contributed as well to knowledge of applied linguistics.

Contemporary Volunteering in the Formation of Prosocial Behaviour of a Person

Introduction.In modern society, there is a growing demand for the spread of prosocial practices, among which the leading role is given to the volunteer movement. In this regard, the actual pedagogical task is the education of a prosocial person - a member of the public, whose activity is focused on the gratuitous societal service and is resulted from altruistic motives. Students are potential members, who can be involved in such activities. Student community is considered as a special social group, which is characterised by the highest degree of civic activity, the desire for self-organisation and self-realisation in various spheres of life.Theaimsof the research presented in the article are to identify and analyse the attitude of youth to different types of volunteering; to justify the need for support and development of the volunteer movement as one of the main conditions for the safe and sustainable existence of society.Methodology and research methods.The research was based on personal and socio-cognitive approaches to the process of education of the new generation, as well as on the key provisions of the theory of social security. The methods of focus group research, interviews, questionnaires and Internet surveys were employed as tools for information collection. The data obtained were generalised and processed using qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis, including content analysis, percentage analysis, correlation analysis through Pearson coefficient and factor analysis (principal component method, varimax rotation). The calculations were made with the use of the statistical software package SPPS 17.Results and scientific novelty.The phenomenon of volunteering is considered as an important factor of social solidarity and social trust and as a form of safe prosocial behaviour of the individual. Based on the responses of respondents, who took part in the surveys, typical ideas about the motivation of the volunteer, his or her personal qualities and conditions of familiarising with various volunteer practices are identified, studied and generalised. The authors built up a psychological profile of a modern young man, capable of voluntary selfless acts for the benefit of others. Three groups of factors of formation of prosocial behaviour in the youth environment are allocated: social and ecological, educational and civil, cultural and religious. The types of volunteer activities are ranked according to the degree of their influence on the social well-being of the people around them in society according to the potential of gratuitous benefit for other people. From the perspective of the Russian Government and student community, it was revealed that there are some differences in assessing the potential of volunteerism in terms of the importance of selfless actions that contribute to human well-being in society. Conflicting priorities defined by the survey participants, and, the range of activities proclaimed in the Concept of development of volunteerism (volunteering) in the Russian Federation until 2025, can be connected with students’ insufficient awareness on voluntary projects or can be indicative for the risks of socialisation of young people.Practical significance.The present research, on the one hand, enriches the field of knowledge about the essence of safe prosocial behaviour of the individual and, on the other hand, this study has a practice-oriented significance, as it can serve as a basis for the development of methods of psychological and pedagogical impact on the development of human readiness for prosocial behaviour, implemented through voluntary activity.

Promoting Islamic Philanthropy: The Case of Sultan Qaboos Award for Voluntary Work in Oman

In Islamic societies, the idea of philanthropy is considered to be a backbone of the Islamic commitment towards personal and social responsibility. In order to increase people desire to promote the welfare of others and to participate effectively in voluntary work which is one of the philanthropy type of work, within this social responsibility vision, the Sultan Qaboos Award for Voluntary Work (SQAVW) was created in Oman since 2011 as one of national awards for promoting individuals, groups and institutions voluntary work. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of the Sultan Qaboos Award for Voluntary Work in promoting philanthropy in social development related to education. The study analyzes quantitative and qualitative data collected through closed and open-ended questionnaires from 17 participants. All participants are winners of the Sultan Qaboos Award between 2011 and 2014, and their voluntary projects are still active. The findings revealed that the Award had a vital role in motivating the respondents to participate in voluntary work (mean=4.28). The participants also stated that the winning projects were those that were creative and had a social impact and contributed to the economy. The results also pointed out that the projects had an added social value that varied according to different areas and that those related to education contributed to easing the burden of the ministry of education through the establishment of kindergartens, raising cultural and technological awareness, and enhancing the knowledge and skills of rural women and many other activities.

EFFECTS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON CUSTOMER BRAND CHOICE IN BALTIC REGION: MEDIATING ROLE OF PRODUCT INVOLVEMENT LEVEL

The purpose of this study is to investigate how CSR initiatives of company influence customer brand choice. Specific research objectives include: (1) evaluating consumer understanding of CSR concept; (2) CSR influence on consumer brand choice in low involvement product; (3) CSR influence on consumer brand choice in high involvement product; (4) CSR effects on customer brand equity. This study establishes theoretical framework, research design, interpretation of results and finally proposes a model for effective CSR initiatives in line with customer involvement level with a product. Quantitative research method-a survey is used to collect data. The questionnaire was derived based on Christopher A. Noe, using 5-point Likert scale.The sample size is 57 students of business studies from two main universities in Latvia. Descriptive and inferential statistics are used to analyse the data. Results indicate that CSR initiatives have significant influence on customer brand choice in case of high involvement products and little influence on customer decision in case of low involvement products. Results also indicate that CSR has positive effects on some elements of brand equity, while little or no effects on others. Consumer perception and evaluation of four different types of CSR initiatives-legal compliance, environmental protection, transparency and participation in voluntary projects vary significantly in their purchase decision. Finally, it is also revealed that some industries in Baltic region have poor corporate image in terms of CSR initiatives. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.0.12.20735

Early evidence from South Carolina\u2019s Medicare-Medicaid dual-eligible financial alignment initiative: an observational study to understand who enrolled, and whether the program improved health?

BackgroundIndividuals dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid coverage are among the sickest patients in the United States. Prior literature has identified a lack of care coordination or even conflicts of interest between the two programs as barriers to more efficient care and better health outcomes among dual-eligibles. The purpose of this study is to assess characteristics of dual eligibles who participated in South Carolina’s 2015 voluntary Medicare-Medicaid financial alignment demonstration project, and to evaluate whether their participation led to better observable health outcomes.MethodsWe obtained all inpatient and emergency department visits, and all Medicaid outpatient visits of individuals identified as Medicare-Medicaid dual eligibles from 2011 to 2016 from South Carolina’s Revenue and Fiscal Affairs Office. We employed logistic regressions to assess the characteristics of participants and quitters in the Medicare-Medicaid financial alignment demonstration project. To evaluate the impact of participation on health outcomes, we used an event study analysis that examines trends in outcomes over time, with participation in the demonstration project as the triggering event, and a difference-in-differences methodology that compares changes in health outcomes before and after participation in the demonstration project compared with a control group.ResultsUrban patients, female patients, and patients with heart problems, social and mental disorders, and importantly, patients with multiple comorbidities (as indicated by a higher Charlson comorbidity index) are less likely to join South Carolina’s demonstration project. Once having joined, female patients and patients with a higher Charlson index appear to be more likely to quit. Those who joined did not appear to enjoy better health outcomes in the short time frame.ConclusionsPolicy makers should explore and address reasons why dual eligibles with complex health problems hesitate to join the alignment project, and continue to monitor whether such a program improves health given that a prolonged period of exposure to the program may be required to achieve better health among the nation’s most vulnerable patients.

Vrijwillige maatjes voor eenzame ouderen. Grenzen en mogelijkheden van vrijwillige inzet bij een kwetsbare doelgroep

Vrijwillige maatjes voor eenzame ouderen. Grenzen en mogelijkheden van vrijwillige inzet bij een kwetsbare doelgroep