Voluntary Behavior Research Articles

Analysis of Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance with Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as an Intervening Variable

Employee performance is an important factor in the success of a company. Transformational leadership is a leadership style that is effective in improving employee performance. Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), which includes voluntary behavior that contributes to organizational effectiveness, is also considered important in the context of organizational functioning. This research was conducted to analyze the influence of transformational leadership on OCB, analyze the influence of transformational leadership on employee performance, analyze the influence of OCB on employee performance, and analyze the influence of transformational leadership on employee performance through OCB. This type of research is quantitative with a survey method. The sample in this research involved 100 employees as respondents. Data analysis technique uses smartPLS. The results of the analysis show that transformational leadership influences OCB, which means that the transformational leadership style encourages employees to behave voluntarily and exceed formal tasks. Transformational leadership influences employee performance, emphasizing the importance of the role of leaders who can inspire and motivate their subordinates to achieve better results. OCB influences employee performance, indicating that employee voluntary behavior makes a positive contribution to achieving organizational goals. OCB mediates the influence of transformational leadership on employee performance. Suggestions that can be given in this research are that in order to increase OCB, employees should provide each other with information about work with members of other teams, so that employee performance will increase.

Exploring the Role of Organizational Culture in Developing Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) through the Implementation of Learning Organization and Information Technology in SMEs

Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) refers to employees' extra-role behaviors that support the overall functioning of an organization. In the context of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), the combination of a strong organizational culture, the implementation of a learning organization approach, and the utilization of Information Technology (IT) can create synergies that foster the development of OCB. The aim of this research is to explore how organizational culture can foster OCB through the implementation of a learning organization and information technology in SMEs. This study is a literature review employing a qualitative approach. Data were collected from scholarly articles obtained through Google Scholar from 1995 to 2024 using relevant keywords. The findings indicate that in the context of globalization and rapid technological advancement, the role of organizational culture, the implementation of learning organization concepts, and the use of information technology are key factors in developing OCB in MSMEs. OCB, encompassing voluntary behaviors beyond official duties, has a significant positive impact on productivity and overall organizational performance. A strong organizational culture, the principles of a learning organization, and prudent information technology usage can synergistically work to enhance OCB in SMEs.

Effects of food restriction on voluntary wheel-running behavior and body mass in selectively bred High Runner lines of mice

Food restriction can have profound effects on various aspects of behavior, physiology, and morphology. Such effects might be amplified in animals that are highly active, given that physical activity can represent a substantial fraction of the total daily energy budget. More specifically, some effects of food restriction could be associated with intrinsic, genetically based differences in the propensity or ability to perform physical activity. To address this possibility, we studied the effects of food restriction in four replicate lines of High Runner (HR) mice that have been selectively bred for high levels of voluntary wheel running. We hypothesized that HR mice would respond differently than mice from four non-selected Control (C) lines. Healthy adult females from generation 65 were housed individually with wheels and provided access to food and water ad libitum for experimental days 1–19 (Phase 1), which allowed mice to attain a plateau in daily running distances. Ad libitum food intake of each mouse was measured on days 20–22 (Phase 2). After this, each mouse experienced a 20 % food restriction for 7 days (days 24–30; Phase 3), and then a 40 % food restriction for 7 additional days (days 31–37; Phase 4). Mice were weighed on experimental days 1, 8, 9, 15, 20, and 23–37 and wheel-running activity was recorded continuously, in 1-minute bins, during the entire experiment. Repeated-measures ANOVA of daily wheel-running distance during Phases 2–4 indicated that HR mice always ran much more than C, with values being 3.29-fold higher during the ad libitum feeding trial, 3.58-fold higher with -20 % food, and 3.06-fold higher with -40 % food. Seven days of food restriction at -20 % did not significantly reduce wheel-running distance of either HR (-5.8 %, P = 0.0773) or C mice (-13.3 %, P = 0.2122). With 40 % restriction, HR mice showed a further decrease in daily wheel-running distance (P = 0.0797 vs. values at 20 % restriction), whereas C mice did not (P = 0.4068 vs. values at 20 % restriction) and recovered to levels similar to those on ad libitum food (P = 0.3634). For HR mice, daily running distances averaged 11.4 % lower at -40 % food versus baseline values (P = 0.0086), whereas for C mice no statistical difference existed (-4.8 %, P = 0.7004). Repeated-measures ANOVA of body mass during Phases 2–4 indicated a highly significant effect of food restriction (P = 0.0001), but no significant effect of linetype (P = 0.1764) and no interaction (P = 0.8524). Both HR and C mice had a significant reduction in body mass only when food rations were reduced by 40 % relative to ad libitum feeding, and even then the reductions averaged only -0.60 g for HR mice (-2.6 %) and -0.49 g (-2.0 %) for C mice. Overall, our results indicate a surprising insensitivity of body mass to food restriction in both high-activity (HR) and ordinary (C) mice, and also insensitivity of wheel running in the C lines of mice, thus calling for studies of compensatory mechanisms that allow this insensitivity.

How did the use of the social marketing approach in Egyptian communities succeed in improving breastfeeding practices and infants’ growth?

IntroductionImproving breastfeeding practices does not always link to interventions relying only on improving nutrition awareness and education but needs cultural and behavioral insights. AimThis study aimed to evaluate the changes in core breastfeeding indicators as a result of the use of social marketing (SM) approach for improving breastfeeding practices of Egyptian women and the physical growth of infants aged 6 to 12 months. The core breastfeeding indicators were: Early initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of birth, Predominant and exclusive breastfeeding to 6 months (EBF), Bottle feeding with formula, continued breastfeeding to 1 and 2 years, and responsiveness to cues of hunger and satiety.MethodsA quasi-experimental longitudinal study with a posttest-only control design was done over 3 years in three phases; the first was in-depth interviews and formative research followed by health education and counseling interventions and ended by measuring the outcome. Motivating mothers’ voluntary behaviors toward breastfeeding promotion “feeding your baby like a baby” was done using SM principles: product, price, place, and promotion. The interventions targeted 646 pregnant women in their last trimester and delivered mothers and 1454 women in their childbearing period. The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS program, version 26.ResultsMost mothers showed significantly increased awareness about the benefits of breastfeeding and became interested in breastfeeding their children outside the house using the breastfeeding cover (Gawn) (p < 0.05). Breastfeeding initiation, exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months, frequency of breastfeeding per day, and percentage of children who continued breastfeeding till 2 years, were significantly increased (from 30%, 23%, 56%, and 32% to 62%, 47.3%, 69%, and 43.5% respectively). The girls who recorded underweight results over boys during the first year of life were significantly improved (p < 0.01) after the intervention (from 52.1% to 18.8% respectively). At the same time, girls found to be obese before the intervention (15.6%) became no longer obese.ConclusionsImprovement for the majority of the key breastfeeding indicators and physical growth of infants indicates that raising a healthy generation should start by promoting breastfeeding practices that are respectable to societal norms.

Influences of Ruminococcus bromii and Peptostreptococcaceae on voluntary exercise behavior in a rodent model

IntroductionThis study investigates the relationship between the gut microbiome and voluntary exercise, focusing on wheel running activity in a rat model. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host physiology, homeostasis, and behavior. Alterations in the gut microbiome have been linked to various pathological states and health conditions, including obesity.MethodsGiven the strong association between physical inactivity and obesity development, our study aimed to identify microbiome factors associated with elevated levels of voluntary exercise. Male Sprague Dawley rats were used in the 4-week exercise paradigm in which voluntary wheel running behavior was monitored alongside weekly microbiome sampling from fecal pellets.ResultsWe observed individual differences in running activity among the cohort. Significant positive correlations in running distance were identified across the 4-week time course, suggesting that running activity ranking was largely preserved. Furthermore, earlier running activity emerged as a potential predictor for subsequent running behaviors. Analysis of gut microbiome revealed that alpha diversity was positively correlated with daily running distances, with significant differences in beta diversity observed between high and low running groups. Taxonomic analysis showed distinct abundance differences between running and sedentary conditions, particularly in the Ruminococcaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae families.DiscussionOur results suggest that the microbiome composition changes significantly early in exercise exposure, potentially influencing exercise behavior. Ruminococcaceae, particularly R. bromii, was identified as a significant contributor to exercise adaptation, while Peptostreptococcaceae was inversely related to running performance as well as alpha diversity. This study underscores the potential of the gut microbiome as a modulator of exercise behavior. Future research should focus on the biological mechanisms linking microbiome changes to exercise adaptation, with R. bromii and Peptostreptococcus as promising candidates for influencing exercise behaviors through future interventional studies.

Perinatal Tetrahydrocannabinol Compromises Maternal Care and Increases Litter Attrition in the Long-Evans Rat.

The marijuana legalization trend in the U.S. will likely lead to increased use by younger adults during gestation and postpartum. The current study examined the hypothesis that delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) would disrupt voluntary maternal care behaviors and negatively impact offspring development. Rat dams were gavaged with 0, 2, 5, or 10 mg/kg THC from the 1st day of gestation through the 21st postnatal day. Somatic growth and developmental milestones were measured in the offspring, and maternal pup retrieval tests were conducted on postnatal days 1, 3, and 5. THC did not affect body growth but produced transient delays in the righting reflex and eye opening in offspring. However, there was significant pup mortality due to impaired maternal care. Dams in all THC groups took significantly longer to retrieve their pups to the nest and often failed to retrieve any pups. Serum levels of THC and metabolites measured at this time were comparable to those in breastfeeding women who are chronic users. Benchmark doses associated with a 10% reduction of pup retrieval or increased pup mortality were 0.383 (BMDL 0.228) and 0.794 (BMDL 0.442) mg/kg THC, respectively. The current findings indicate that maternal care is an important and heretofore overlooked index of THC behavioral toxicity and should be included in future assessments of THC's health risks.

Examining the Effects of Green Human Resource Management Practices, Green Psychological Climate, and Organizational Pride on Employees’ Voluntary Pro-Environmental Behavior

Drawing on social exchange theory and social identity theory, we examined a sequential mediation process linking green human resource management practices and employees’ voluntary pro-environmental behavior. We also considered the aspects of green psychological climate and organizational pride in the relationship between green human resource management practices and voluntary pro-environmental behavior. Through the analysis of data from 459 employees and their 109 respective managers working in Pakistan’s textile industry, we found that a green psychological climate mediates the relationship between green human resource management practices and organizational pride. We also found that green psychological climate and organizational pride sequentially mediate the relationship between green human resource management practices and employees’ voluntary pro-environmental behavior. The findings of the study provide important implications for theory and practice, as they offer insights into how organizations can effectively implement green human resource management practices and encourage their employees to engage in voluntary pro-environmental behavior.

Leading by example: understanding the trickle-down effect of voluntary green behavior in the workplace

PurposeDrawing on the framework of the trickle-down effect and social learning theory, this study aims to examine how and when leaders' voluntary green behavior (VGB) stimulates that of employees.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted a time-lagged multisource field survey. The final sample consisted of 417 employees matched to 67 leaders. The unconflated multilevel modeling (MLM) approach was employed.FindingsA social learning mechanism underlies the trickle-down effect of leaders' VGB, which involves observation and imitation. The green role model influence serves as a mediator of these two processes. Moreover, leader-member exchange (LMX) moderates the strength of the social learning mechanism.Practical implicationsLeaders can gain useful insights of how to promote employees' VGB and are further inspired to reflect on the managerial philosophy of leading by example.Originality/valueThis study contributes to workplace green behavior literature by examining the trickle-down effect of leader VGB and uncovering a social learning mechanism. This study also offers promising directions for leadership research concerning about role modeling.

The Effect of Emotional Intelligence and Work-Life Balance on Organizational Citizenship Behavior Mediated by Job Satisfaction in PT. PLN (Persero) UP2D South and Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Emotional intelligence and work-life balance are important factors that can influence employee organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). OCB refers to voluntary employee behavior that is not required in the job description but is beneficial to the organization. Job satisfaction is also believed to be a mediator that connects these variables. This research uses a quantitative design with survey methods. A total of 60 employees of PT. PLN (Persero) UP2D South and Central Kalimantan was the research respondent. Data was collected via a Likert questionnaire and analyzed using SmartPLS 3.0. The research results show that emotional intelligence has a significant positive effect on OCB. Work-life balance does not have a significant effect on OCB. Job satisfaction does not have a significant effect on OCB. Emotional intelligence has a significant positive effect on job satisfaction. Work-life balance does not have a significant effect on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction does not mediate the influence of emotional intelligence and work-life balance on OCB. In conclusion, emotional intelligence has a positive influence on OCB and job satisfaction, while work-life balance and job satisfaction do not show a significant influence. Job satisfaction was not proven to be a mediator in this study.

Evaluating the effectiveness of three communication modes in promoting repeat voluntary donation behavior in first-time blood donors at a tertiary care blood center in North India

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Due to rapid technological advancements, several new methods such as telephone (TP), e-mail, social media, WhatsApp (WA), and Short Message Services are being used as effectively among blood centers worldwide for postdonation communication with blood donors’ education and motivation to recruit and retain them as repeat and regular voluntary nonremunerated blood donors. The present study was aimed at determining the effectiveness of WA, TP, and personal communications (PCs) as modes of communication to recruit and retain first-time replacement blood donors to become repeat and regular voluntary blood donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This 1-year observational prospective study was conducted in the Post Graduate Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion in Government Medical College and Hospital, Jammu. Three hundred first-time blood donors selected for the study were divided into three groups comprising 100 blood donors each as per the mode of communication strategy adopted, namely postdonation PC, TP, and WA groups. RESULTS: The repeat donation rate was highest in the TP group (61%), followed by the WA group (47%) and PC group (37%). The mean repeat donation was found to be significant in the TP group (P = 0.007) and WA group (P = 0.021) as compared PC group while there was no significant difference between the TP group and WA groups (0.751). CONCLUSION: In our study, it was found that of the three communication modes, namely personal, TP, and WA, telephonic communication with a repeat donation rate of 61% was the most effective mode of communication in for motivating and converting first-time blood donors into repeat regular voluntary blood donors.

Examining the effects of voluntary avoidance behaviour and policy-mediated behaviour change on the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2: A mathematical model

BackgroundThroughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, policymakers have had to navigate between recommending voluntary behaviour change and policy-driven behaviour change to mitigate the impact of the virus. While individuals will voluntarily engage in self-protective behaviour when there is an increasing infectious disease risk, the extent to which this occurs and its impact on an epidemic is not known. MethodsThis paper describes a deterministic disease transmission model exploring the impact of individual avoidance behaviour and policy-mediated avoidance behaviour on epidemic outcomes during the second wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Ontario, Canada (September 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021). The model incorporates an information feedback function based on empirically derived behaviour data describing the degree to which avoidance behaviour changed in response to the number of new daily cases COVID-19. ResultsVoluntary avoidance behaviour alone was estimated to reduce the final attack rate by 23.1%, the total number of hospitalizations by 26.2%, and cumulative deaths by 27.5% over 6 months compared to a counterfactual scenario in which there were no interventions or avoidance behaviour. A provincial shutdown order issued on December 26, 2020 was estimated to reduce the final attack rate by 66.7%, the total number of hospitalizations by 66.8%, and the total number of deaths by 67.2% compared to the counterfactual scenario. ConclusionGiven the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in a pre-vaccine era, individual avoidance behaviour in the absence of government action would have resulted in a moderate reduction in disease however, it would not have been sufficient to entirely mitigate transmission and the associated risk to the population in Ontario. Government action during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario reduced infections, protected hospital capacity, and saved lives.

Health and Welfare Benefits of Computerized Cognitive Enrichment in California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus) at the US Navy Marine Mammal Program.

Cognitive enrichment is becoming more prevalent in professional marine mammal facilities. Research with dolphins has suggested that such enrichment provides more welfare benefits than enrichment that does not incorporate cognitive challenge. However, there is little research supporting the use of cognitive enrichment as a means to improve the welfare of sea lions. Recently, a novel form of technological cognitive enrichment, the Enclosure Video Enrichment (EVE) system, was introduced to a population of California sea lions at the US Navy's Marine Mammal Program as a means to enhance welfare. Two of the initial focal animals introduced to EVE were selected based on their health history and the possible benefits of cognitive enrichment in improving health measures. To evaluate this, information regarding the animals' consumption of their offered diet was compared to other animals in the population of similar age and the absence of a similar health history. Subsequently, the total diet consumption of the targeted animals was evaluated in the two years prior to the introduction to EVE and compared to the total diet consumption during the initial 2 years of regular EVE sessions. There was a significant decrease in the number of days in which the sea lions did not consume their entire offered diet in the two years after implementing regular EVE sessions, an increase in participation and performance of voluntary husbandry behaviors, and a reduction in the number of days animals were clinically ill. This study provides evidence of cognitive enrichment as a management tool to improve animal health and welfare as well as performance in training sessions.

The link between socially responsible human resource management and eco-helping behavior in aviation industry – a moderated mediation model

Purpose This study aims to propose a research model that emphasizes the moderating influence of ethical leadership (ELS) and the link between socially responsible human resource management (SRHRM) and leaders’ eco-helping behavior (LEH) in the aviation industry. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a time-lag research design. Data were gathered from 397 respondents working for aviation companies in Vietnam and analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0. Findings The findings show that SRHRM has a beneficial effect on LEH through employees’ voluntary workplace green behavior (EVB). Based on social cognitive theory, this study developed a theoretical model of how SRHRM influences LEH through EVB. The authors discovered that SRHRM increased LEH and that EVB mediated this favorable relationship. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that ELS mitigates the indirect impact of SRHRM on LEH via EVB. Research limitations/implications Future studies should assess constructs with numerous observations across time, with a larger sample size and in different industrial settings. Practical implications Volunteerism is one of the most important values in the aviation industry given that it is vulnerable to practices such as overbooking, delaying, postponing flights and pressure weather. Originality/value This study emphasized the impact of SRHRM and ELS on LEH while fulfilling their professional obligations. EVB may be best positioned to mediate the relationship between SRHRM and LEH.

Polyethylene glycol has immunoprotective effects on sciatic allografts, but behavioral recovery and graft tolerance require neurorrhaphy and axonal fusion.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202504000-00033/figure1/v/2024-07-06T104127Z/r/image-tiff Behavioral recovery using (viable) peripheral nerve allografts to repair ablation-type (segmental-loss) peripheral nerve injuries is delayed or poor due to slow and inaccurate axonal regeneration. Furthermore, such peripheral nerve allografts undergo immunological rejection by the host immune system. In contrast, peripheral nerve injuries repaired by polyethylene glycol fusion of peripheral nerve allografts exhibit excellent behavioral recovery within weeks, reduced immune responses, and many axons do not undergo Wallerian degeneration. The relative contribution of neurorrhaphy and polyethylene glycol-fusion of axons versus the effects of polyethylene glycol per se was unknown prior to this study. We hypothesized that polyethylene glycol might have some immune-protective effects, but polyethylene glycol-fusion was necessary to prevent Wallerian degeneration and functional/behavioral recovery. We examined how polyethylene glycol solutions per se affect functional and behavioral recovery and peripheral nerve allograft morphological and immunological responses in the absence of polyethylene glycol-induced axonal fusion. Ablation-type sciatic nerve injuries in outbred Sprague-Dawley rats were repaired according to a modified protocol using the same solutions as polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts, but peripheral nerve allografts were loose-sutured (loose-sutured polyethylene glycol) with an intentional gap of 1-2 mm to prevent fusion by polyethylene glycol of peripheral nerve allograft axons with host axons. Similar to negative control peripheral nerve allografts not treated by polyethylene glycol and in contrast to polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts, animals with loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts exhibited Wallerian degeneration for all axons and myelin degeneration by 7 days postoperatively and did not recover sciatic-mediated behavioral functions by 42 days postoperatively. Other morphological signs of rejection, such as collapsed Schwann cell basal lamina tubes, were absent in polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts but commonly observed in negative control and loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts at 21 days postoperatively. Loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts had more pro-inflammatory and less anti-inflammatory macrophages than negative control peripheral nerve allografts. While T cell counts were similarly high in loose-sutured-polyethylene glycol and negative control peripheral nerve allografts, loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts expressed some cytokines/chemokines important for T cell activation at much lower levels at 14 days postoperatively. MHCI expression was elevated in loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts, but MHCII expression was modestly lower compared to negative control at 21 days postoperatively. We conclude that, while polyethylene glycol per se reduces some immune responses of peripheral nerve allografts, successful polyethylene glycol-fusion repair of some axons is necessary to prevent Wallerian degeneration of those axons and immune rejection of peripheral nerve allografts, and produce recovery of sensory/motor functions and voluntary behaviors. Translation of polyethylene glycol-fusion technologies would produce a paradigm shift from the current clinical practice of waiting days to months to repair ablation peripheral nerve injuries.

Promoting voluntary risk detection behaviour: an intervention study based on trending social norms combined with emotional appeals

Well-owners are exposed to substantial health risks but rarely test their water and infrequently maintain their wells. We designed and tested an intervention aimed to promote voluntairy risk detection behavioiur. The intervention was based on a trending social norm message (suggesting an increasing trend of well-owners testing their wells) with emotional appeals. Two emotional appeals were used: fear frames (an indication of the severity of the risk) and worry appeals (indication of how many well-owners worried about contamination risks). In an online experiment, 262 Irish private well-owners were randomly allocated to six different risk communication messages that followed the design described above. The results showed a trending social norm message combined with a strong worry appraisal primarily raised levels of worry which, in turn, influenced attitudes towards water testing and behavioural intentions to maintain wells. Our results illustrate the potential of stressing a trending social norm and worry appraisal to promote voluntary risk detection behaviours.

How and when socially responsible human resource management affects employee voluntary green behavior—evidence from the healthcare sector

To achieve greener healthcare with the goal of net-zero carbon, it is urgent to motivate healthcare-employees to voluntarily participate in green behavior. Our focus is on examining a novel predictor of voluntary green behavior (VGB): socially responsible human resource management (SRHRM). Drawing on social information processing theory, a theoretical model was built to linking SRHRM and VGB. Based on the healthcare sector, we examined the mediating effect of green passion and the moderating effect of CSR attributions in the above mediation. We employed two studies: Study 1, which includes two experiments to examine the boundary of CSR attributions (H1 and H4), and Study 2, which empirically tested the mediated moderation model (H1–H4). We found that (a) SRHRM was positively associated with VGB; (b) green passion mediates the relation between SRHRM and VGB; and (c) CSR attributions moderate the association between SRHRM and green passion and influence the indirect effect of SRHRM on VGB (via green passion). We further elaborate on the implications, acknowledge limitations, and propose directions for future research.

Aggressive and prosocial behaviors in adolescents from the department of Cordoba, Colombia

IntroductionProsocial behaviors are voluntary behaviors that are performed for the benefit of other people and promote harmonious relationships with others. This type of enhanced behavior could reduce physical and verbal aggressive acts in adolescents.Objectivesanalyze the association between aggressive and prosocial behaviors in adolescentsMethodsThe study was non-experimental of a transactional - correlational type, two evaluation instruments validated in the context were applied to 500 adolescents attending school in the department of Córdoba. The type of sampling was non-probabilistic.ResultsA Pearson correlation was performed, previously verifying the normality of the data, which showed a statistically significant, negative association between the prosocial behaviors and the aggressive behaviors of those evaluated (Table 1). Table 1:Correlation between prosocial behavior and aggressive behavior.PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOURAGGRESSIVEBEHAVIORPearson correlation-,197**Sig. (bilateral),004N500ConclusionsNegative associations were identified between the two variables under study, that is, as prosocial behavior increases, aggressive behaviors could decrease. This finding serves as a basis for carrying out future intervention strategies in adolescents in the department of Córdoba.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Baby Boomers and Their Voluntary Engagement: A Cohort Comparison Among the Middle-Aged and Older Population in Germany

The aim of this study is to compare the levels of volunteering by German baby boomers, who are currently in their fifties and sixties, to cohorts born earlier. Using data from the German Aging Survey (DEAS), logistic and negative binomial regressions were employed to analyze the prevalence and time contributions that baby boomers invest in volunteering. The study indicates a higher prevalence of volunteering by baby boomers compared with earlier-born cohorts and suggests that the large size of this cohort will imply high levels of volunteering that could increase even further as the cohort approaches retirement. Moreover, our findings suggest stability in voluntary time contributions by baby boomers compared with earlier-born cohorts; this contrasts with the existing research showing decreased overall time contributions to volunteering. The study underscores the importance of considering cohort-specific differences in voluntary engagement behavior to gain a deeper understanding of the dynamics of volunteering.

The Influence of Psychological Capital and Affective Commitment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Hospital Staff

Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is important to apply to hospital staff. This research aims to determine the simultaneous and partial influence of psychological capital and affective commitment on OCB. Respondents were 196 officers from two hospitals in Indonesia. The sampling method uses stratified random sampling. The data analysis method uses multiple linear regression. Data was processed with the help of Jamovi 2.3.28 software. The research results found that psychological capital and affective commitment had a significant positive effect on OCB both partially and simultaneously. Hospital management can increase the voluntary behavior of its staff in working beyond formal rules by increasing psychological capital such as self-efficacy, hope, optimism, resilience. Factors that increase affective commitment also need to be implemented so that officers' OCB increases, followed by better service provided. Future researchers can limit the study population to certain areas and combine private and government hospitals to obtain greater generalization. Future researchers can add other variables such as work motivation and job satisfaction to the simultaneous and partial effects.

Mediating effect of ecospirituality on the relationship between green training and voluntary workplace green behaviour in construction projects in Nigeria

PurposeThe impact of mankind on the environment and the usage of natural resources might be influenced by spirituality, through the consciousness of creating an improved moral sense regarding the consequences of human activities and the necessity to alter these to achieve sustainable development. However, the spiritual element in the form of ecospirituality (ES) has not been sufficiently considered in pro-environmental studies as it relates to the influence of green training (GT) on voluntary workplace green behaviour (VWGB) in the construction sector. This study aims to determine the effect of GT on VWGB and the mediating effect of ES on the relationship between GT and VWGB on construction projects.Design/methodology/approachThis study’s data were gathered through a questionnaire survey of construction site managers and project managers by adopting the probability sampling method. 249 appropriately completed questionnaires were returned. The data obtained were analysed by means of the partial least squares structural equation modelling technique (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe outcomes of the study show that GT has a significant positive impact on VWGB, while ES has a significant mediating effect on the relationship between GT and VWGB, both supporting the study’s hypotheses.Practical implicationsThese findings point to the fact that the hitherto conflicting results reported in earlier studies on the GT–VWGB relationship can be attributed to the lack of consideration given to ES. Hence, special attention should be given to ES.Originality/valueThis research presents actions to enhance the transformation of GT into VWGB by giving due consideration to ES, which was not taken into account in previous studies.