Volume Of Writings Research Articles

LEADERSHIP THEORIES REVIEW

Through years many theories, definitions and classifications about leadership have been developed and can be found in the contemporary literature. Despite the fact that volumes of writings about leadership exist in global literature still it is considered a debated subject since the leadership content remain inconsistent and unclear. In addition, researchers in an effort to define and classify leadership have concluded that it is a complex, flexible and multidimensional phenomenon which requires plenty light to be shed on it. The most prominent theories that emerged during 20th century and will be analysed in chronological order constitute of the Great Man theory, Trait theory, Contingency and Behavioral theory. The purpose of the present paper is to examine the wider context of leadership and its effectiveness towards improving, through organizational changes, the public sector in times of crisis. It can be considered as an additional conceptual approach to the existing literature.

The Nature of Middle-earth by J.R.R. Tolkien

Reviewed by: The Nature of Middle-earth by J.R.R. Tolkien John Garth The Nature of Middle-earth, by J.R.R. Tolkien, edited by Carl F. Hostetter. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2021. xxi, 440 pp. $32 (hardcover). ISBN 978-0-358-45460-1. A new volume of writings by J.R.R. Tolkien is always a welcome surprise, especially if it deals with his legendarium. The posthumous surprises began with The Silmarillion and continued with Unfinished Tales and The History of Middle-earth, all thanks to the diligence, industry, and passion of Christopher Tolkien. Anyone with an interest in Tolkien's invented languages has also been able to enjoy more technical material, presented in the journals Parma Eldalamberon and Vinyar Tengwar by a team of editors to whom Christopher entrusted this extremely challenging work. Now, even though Christopher left us at last in 2020, another surprise has arrived: The Nature of Middle-earth, edited with Christopher's blessing by Carl F. Hostetter, one of the Parma Eldalamberon team and editor of Vinyar Tengwar. As Hostetter explains in his introduction, the material is drawn from Tolkien's late writings, sent to him in photocopy by Christopher Tolkien. Much arrived under the heading of "late philological essays," sent because the linguistic ingredient was valuable for Vinyar Tengwar. More recently, Christopher sent a further bundle of material of a different kind, as will be seen. The resulting book is a substantial one comprising essays and fragments all dealing more-or-less with nature: broadly what we might call the natural history of Middle-earth and its underpinning metaphysics. Much of the material on metaphysics and the nature of the Elves will most usefully be read in conjunction with Morgoth's Ring, but Hostetter's commentary is not closely concerned with tracing the compositional history of Middle-earth. Covering the three Ages and spanning Aman, Númenor, and Middle-earth, it is as diverse a collection of writings as Unfinished Tales, but there is scarcely a tale in this book. Just because many of these writings are incomplete, there ought to be no reason to present an unfinished review. Nonetheless, I do. For this volume of Tolkien Studies, I have had to confine myself to discussing part one, "Time and Ageing." There is some logic in this, because this section is clearly distinct from the rest of The Nature of Middle-earth. Indeed, Christopher Tolkien recognized this: it was he who sent the "Time and Ageing" material to Hostetter much later than the bulk of the other writings in this book. However, my chief reasons for not reviewing the entire volume now are two: the difficulty of this [End Page 191] opening material and the pressures on my time in recent months. Finding this "Time and Ageing" section as intractable as a densely jungled island, I have had to spend many hours battling my way across it and around it to grasp its key features. However, these exertions and explorations have given me a much clearer idea of the shape and significance of the constituent writings, and they allow me to present something far more substantial than the average book review. Below, I explore the development of its ideas in the context of Tolkien's writings elsewhere, identify a literary model for this series of most unliterary papers, and suggest reasons for his resolutions, his irresolution, and his ultimate abandonment of the most ambitious aspects of this work on elven longevity. What follows may serve, I hope, as a useful commentary and exegesis, somewhat in the vein of Christopher Tolkien's in The History of Middle-earth. The Nature of Middle-earth begins with what looks like some of the most impenetrable material ever published under Tolkien's name: a collection of papers gathered under the title "Time and Ageing." It includes pages of tabulated data showing the years in which the first few generations of the Elves propagate children and how the population grows. There are in-depth descriptions of the phases of Elvish lives tens of thousands of years long, and calculations that explore the ramifications of this for the chronology of the Elder Days. Through more than 160 pages...

Does the Law of Frustration of Contract Lack Any Principled Justification?

The law of frustration is of significant interest to many legal scholars and practitioners. This interest is reflected in the sheer volume of writings on the topic. These writings typically oppose or support the doctrine. This paper takes the latter stance. Several principles have been advanced to justify the doctrine, such as the “implied term” theory and the “foundation of the contract” test. These justifications are arguably weak and inconsistent. Nonetheless, this paper contends that the existence and continued use of the doctrine to discharge certain forms of contractual obligations is still warranted and justified. Such a justification stems from the view that the doctrine is consistent with modern trends towards more regulation and control of contracts by the judiciary however limited such a role might seem.

Kritik der symbolischen Formen I: Symbolische Form und Funktion by Raji C. Steineck

Reviewed by: Kritik der symbolischen Formen I: Symbolische Form und Funktion by Raji C. Steineck Thora Ilin Bayer (bio) Kritik der symbolischen Formen I: Symbolische Form und Funktion (Critique of symbolic forms I: Symbolic forms and function). By Raji C. Steineck. Philosophie Interkulturell, Band 3. Stuttgart–Bad Cannstatt: Frommann-Holzboog, 2014. Pp. 148. Paper €38. isbn 978-3-7728-2673-3. For any reader with knowledge of the works of Ernst Cassirer, the question that will come to mind on approaching Raji C. Steineck’s Kritik der symbolischen Formen I: Symbolische Form und Funktion is: Why Japan? Cassirer’s great range of writings on the history of thought, culture, and symbol involves no sustained attention to Japanese culture. Cassirer also never addresses problems of East-West philosophy, nor did he, unlike some other German thinkers in the twentieth century, engage in correspondence with Japanese thinkers. In the first volume of Philosophie der symbolischen Formen, Cassirer does make reference in several places to the Japanese language based on Johann Joseph Hoffmann’s Japanische Sprachlehre (Leiden: Brill, 1877), along with references to a great many other languages. Considered from the other direction today, Cassirer’s works are of interest to Japanese readers. For example, after Donald Phillip Verene published Symbol, Myth, and Culture: Essays and Lectures of Ernst Cassirer 1935–1945 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979)—the first volume of writings from Cassirer’s Nachlass (housed in Yale University’s Beineke Rare Book and Manuscript Library)—the first translation of it was into Japanese, which appeared in 1985. With this context considered, the purpose of Steineck’s study is the systematic presentation of Cassirer’s philosophical themes considered at various points from Japanese perspectives and sources. As he makes clear for the reader at the beginning of his work, Steineck expressly acknowledges that symbolic forms as articulated in Japanese culture exhibit significant differences from the European background of Cassirer’s analysis. But he also asserts that this difference is to be considered as a way to probe the dimensions and correctness of Cassirer’s theory and that these are an advantage to this study, not a disadvantage (pp. 7–8). [End Page 1357] Professor Steineck proceeds in his chapters to exposit what a symbolic form is for Cassirer and the sense in which, as Cassirer maintains, the philosophy of symbolic forms extends the Kantian critique to a critique of culture. He takes up the question of the relationship of form to function in connection with Cassirer’s discussion of ergon and energeia, as well as the architectonic of the “system” of symbolic forms, how the symbolic forms Cassirer distinguishes interrelate. Steineck then proceeds to draw out the criticism of the realism and relativism that lie within Cassirer’s position of idealism as governed by his concept of symbol. The work concludes with a summary presented in the form of a list of the general methodological principles upon which the philosophy of symbolic forms rests. Such a list is not to be found elsewhere in the critical literature on Cassirer and will be useful to the reader. Following this are some remarks concerning “Korrekturen gegenüber Cassirer.” These remarks offer a final, critical perspective on how we are to regard the philosophy of symbolic forms. Questions are raised, for example, concerning the normativity of the symbolic forms, the status of philosophy in relation to the symbolic forms (the sense in which philosophy itself is not a symbolic form), the sense in which myth, language, and science are fundamental symbolic forms, and the role of the Basisphänomene in Cassirer’s phenomenology of knowledge (pp. 131–134). Periodically, throughout the text, the author brings forth examples of Japanese symbolic form in connection with Cassirer’s claims. For the reader who is not learned in Japanese thought and culture, these juxtapositions bring two senses of the world together that are not necessarily at odds with each other but are illuminating. There is, of course, nothing privileged about testing Cassirer’s philosophy of culture in terms of productions of Japanese culture. One might bring forth symbols and forms from many other cultures to test the universal applicability of Cassirer’s theory. To take one example...

Beyond centre-periphery: qasbahs and Muslim life in South Asia

Qasbahs (small towns or large villages) have the dubious distinction of being at the heart of South Asian Islamic history and yet lying on the margins of historiography. It is almost impossible to imagine the central aspects of South Asian Islam without due acknowledgement to qasbahs and the qasbatis, their residents. From the Aligarh Movement and the Deoband madrasa to the development of an extensive body of Urdu literature, qasbahs provided not only the rank and file but also crucial leadership. While scholars concur on this fact, qasbahs and qasbati Muslims continue to fall outside of the academic purview. Addressing this lacuna, this article seeks to bring in qasbahs to the heart of debates by arguing that the various institutions and intellectual output of qasbahs were central, not peripheral, to Indo-Muslim life in South Asia. It discusses the evolution of qasbahs and focuses on Chaudhary Muhammad Ali (1882–1959) of the qasbah of Rudauli, a paragon of the learned and literary tradition of the qasbahs. Chaudhary Muhammad Ali, a quintessential qasbati intellectual, has left volumes of writings in Urdu, many of which are being consulted and written about for the first time. A reformer, writer, religious scholar, and activist, his association with the Progressive Writers’ Association in its opening days, alongside the likes of Prem Chand and Sajjad Zaheer, speaks of his recognition in the wider circle of writers in South Asia. Because of his many contributions, as those of his qasbati peers, a discussion of him not only brings to the fore the imaginary of the qasbahs, but also further enriches and complicates the discussion on the centres and margins in South Asian Islam.

Translating Sade: The Grove Press Editions, 1953–1968

In the last paragraph of their foreword to the 1965 Grove Press edition of The Complete Justine, Philosophy the Bedroom, and Other Writings, the translators Richard Seaver and Austryn Wainhouse quote the marquis de Sade's wish, expressed his last will and testament, that acorns be scattered over his grave, in order that, the spot become green again, and the copse grown back thick over it, the traces of my grave may disappear from the face of the earth, as I trust the memory of me shall fade out of the minds of men (xiv). Seaver and Wainhouse, who believed the of Sade's writings and were deeply invested their efforts to produce the first unexpurgated American translations of his works, express doubt that this prophecy would ever come to pass. The success of the Grove Press translations, however, has fact caused certain aspects of Sade's (critical) history to be forgotten. Five decades after their original publication the 1960s, and two decades after their reissue the early 1990s, these once-controversial editions of Sade's works can now be considered mainstream. Widely referenced and readily available, they are more or less an accepted part of the American literary landscape, with only their original prefatory materials left to bear witness to what was one of the most fraught and revolutionary moments the history of American publishing, not to mention Sade studies. Grove Press publisher Barney Rosset saw the publication of Sade's works as integral to his fight for the freedom of the press. After Rosset bought Grove 1951, he systematically set out to challenge obscenity laws and battle censorship. The press is perhaps best known for its publication of D. H. Lawrence's Lady Chatterley's Lover (1959) and Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer (1961). Lady Chatterley's Lover was banned from the mails; Tropic of Cancer was prosecuted as obscene over sixty court battles from 1961 to 1964 (McCord vii-x). The lawyer Charles Rembar successfully defended the press's right to publish and circulate the works according to the definition of obscenity at the time, established a 1957 Supreme Court decision known as the Roth opinions, as material appealing to prurient interest that was utterly without redeeming social importance; Rembar transformed this into the so-called social-value test, guided by the belief that importance imposed a higher standard than value. (1) In 1958 the Parisian publisher Jean-Jacques Pauvert won a similar, if mitigated, victory French courts, which allowed his editions of Sade's works--the first complete, modern versions of the author's texts--to continue to circulate France. (2) In producing translations of Sade, Rosset sought to capitalize on these victories and break new ground. In all, the press published five volumes of writings and criticism pertaining to Sade: The Marquis de Sade: An Essay by Simone de Beauvoir with Selections from His Writings Chosen by Paul Dinnage (1953); Gilbert Lely's The Marquis de Sade, / Definitive Biography (trans. Alec Brown, 1962); The Complete Justine, Philosophy the Bedroom, and Other Writings (trans. Seaver and Wainhouse, 1965); The 120 Days of Sodom and Other Writings (trans. Seaver and Wainhouse, 1966); and Juliette (trans. Wainhouse, 1968). That these editions were not subject to censorship is a testimony to the careful planning and positioning executed by Rosset and the translators--the success of which would prove to be a bit of a letdown for the men, who had anticipated a battle. (3) The story of the Grove Press translations of Sade, contained the Grove Press records and the Austryn Wainhouse papers housed the Special Collections Research Center at Syracuse University Library, reveals the editorial strategies and the behind-the-scenes maneuvering that enabled these texts to be published and to circulate--and which recall those used by authors, printers, and booksellers Sade's eighteenth-century France. …

"He reviews without Fear, and acts without fainting": Defoe's Review

"He reviews without Fear, and acts without fainting":Defoe's Review Nicholas Seager Defoe's Review (1704-1713), ed. John McVeagh. 9 vols. (London: Pickering and Chatto, 2003-11). Pp. 7,680. $3,150.00. In 2008, Pickering and Chatto completed the publication of its forty-four-volume Works of Daniel Defoe (2000-2008), under the general editorship of P. N. Furbank and W. R. Owens, in five thematically and/or generically organized series. This edition comprises eight volumes of Political and Economic Writings (2000); eight volumes of Writings on Travel, Discovery and History (2001-2); eight volumes of Satire, Fantasy and Writings on the Supernatural (2003-4); ten volumes of Religious and Didactic Writings (2005-6); and ten volumes of Novels (2007-8). The completion in 2011 of Pickering and Chatto's edition of Defoe's Review is not just the missing piece to the jigsaw; it is a whole new box of pieces, expertly put together by editor John McVeagh. The nine volumes billed belie the fact that each is in two parts, meaning that the Review adds eighteen thick books to the other forty-four of Defoe's writings—which is still not everything. The Review amounts in McVeagh's computation to around four million words, almost all of them by Defoe (1: vi). It covers the entire range of subjects listed above for the Works, ensuring that the Review contains much of Defoe's best writing—which is to say, the early eighteenth century's best writing—on history, economics, religion, politics, and a plethora of other topics. Although the two are distinct editions, the physical design of the Review matches that of the Works, so they can sit together attractively in libraries that can afford these expensive tomes. McVeagh deserves tremendous credit for making available to the modern reader, in such a finely produced edition, a text that is crucial for our understanding of the development of the periodical press, the political rhetoric that enveloped the reign of Queen Anne, and the polemical skill of one of the foremost journalists of that era. Even in this digital age, the Review hitherto has been hard to access [End Page 131] and unwieldy to consult, and so remains a largely untapped resource. There were no eighteenth- or nineteenth-century editions, so there is nothing on Eighteenth-Century Collections Online or other digital sites, though parts of the Review have now been digitized in the British Library's Burney Collection of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century newspapers. The only previous reprint is Arthur W. Secord's twenty-two book facsimile version (New York: Columbia University Press, 1938). Secord's edition does not have notes like McVeagh's, is not always copresent with William L. Payne's accompanying Index to Defoe's Review (New York: Columbia University Press, 1948), and is quite rare: only 475 copies were produced. Payne's selection, The Best of Defoe's Review (New York: Columbia University Press, 1951), is useful for a taster, but not adequate for full scholarly purposes. McVeagh's edition will become the standard source for all researchers using the Review; it is a monumental act of scholarship which should have a major impact on eighteenth-century studies. I intend to use this review essay to trace the developments in format and focus of Defoe's periodical over its nine-year lifespan, pointing to just some aspects of its historical significance in the hope that a greater awareness of the scope, aims, and achievements of the Review will enable its incorporation into how we think about Defoe's career, early-century political journalism, and the historical events upon which it commentates. The Review gives us much more than a hack writer touting the government line. A fresh look complicates the still-prevalent view that Robert Harley simply dictated what Defoe wrote after the then Speaker brokered his release from prison in late 1703, supposedly because he envisioned Defoe becoming the "discreet writer of the government's side" who would "state facts right" for "readers imposed upon by the stories raised by ill-designing men" (qtd. in J. A. Downie, Robert Harley and the Press: Propaganda and Public Opinion in the Age of...

Review of *Making Books: Contemporary Australian Publishing*, edited by David Carter and Anne Galligan

This volume of writings from UQP is a timely contribution to a cultural arena currently caught up in discussions about publishing and books, about priorities and stances, traditional and new technology formats for books, and what a bookshop—chain or independent—can do in the era of an online world where consumers have more control over how they buy books. It follows the release of two volumes in what looks like a limited series. The second one, Paper Empires: A History of the Book in Australia (U of Queensland P, 2006) had the whiff of a book that had taken too long in gestation: parts of it read as out of date or curiously incomplete ·in its case-study format. Making Books is of a different order—largely up to date in an ever-changing and volatile industry, and relevant in its attempt to steer a path through a myriad of issues clustering around this object: the book.

Reading Back, Looking Forward: A Retrospective Interview with Maxine Hong Kingston

Maxine Hong Kingston's first book The Woman Warrior appeared in 1976, more than three decades ago. Since then, she has published a second memoir, China Men (1980); a collection of essays on Hawai'i, Hawai'i One Summer (1987); a novel, Tripmaster Monkey: His Fake Book (1989); a book of and about poetry, To Be the Poet (2002); and a mixed-genre volume, The Fifth Book of Peace (2003). She has also recently edited a volume of writings by war veterans, Veterans of War, Veterans of Peace (2006). Kingston's oeuvre covers a range of genres coming out of a powerful literary imagination. At the same time, the psychic and spiritual sources of her writing are evident in her responses to the questions raised in this interview which followed her February 22, 2006 reading at the University of California, Santa Barbara. The interview is framed to cover the thirty years of Kingston's production, rather like the way exhibitions of paintings by visual artists are structured frequently in a retrospective chronology to follow the growth and development of the artist's mind and art. In organizing a retrospective exhibition, the curator is offering the spectator not merely one or some of the artist's paintings in isolation but a valuable sweeping vision of the major works, so as to clarify, even to insert, an understanding of the genius not otherwise apprehensible. The bringing together of an individual artist's separate works and achievements paradoxically also permits the reader a view of the author as a writer treading the years between the texts. A retrospective frame may illuminate the historicity that solidifies an artist's seemingly arbitrary series of works. In setting the individual works in relationship to each other and to those works appearing earlier and later, I hope to suggest the larger patterns, motifs, and linguistic and stylistic characteristics that bind the individual works to an authorial totality (no matter how discontinuous, fluid, and tentative that single authorial identity may be). This retrospective interview may, then, lead to interpretations enriched by layers of primary and secondary readings, each and all held in the suspension of decades of production and reception. Shirley Lim: When The Woman Warrior appeared in 1976, you were about thirty-five or thirty-six years old. It brought you tremendous recognition, not only from Asian American readers but also from a mainstream US literary and cultural intelligentsia. How did such immediate and widespread success affect you and your writing, if at all? Maxine Hong Kingston: Well, publishing big when you are thirty-five years old doesn't really change your life that much. If I had been younger if I were in my twenties--I might have gotten really excited and wild and let it all go to my head. At thirty-five, I'm settled. I'm living the life that I want, and so emotionally, psychologically, it did not change me at all. But for the practicalities of the writer's life, it made a difference in that I did not have to do any other work for money. What happened was that I was teaching at a boarding school in Honolulu and it meant I was on duty twenty-four hours a day. You're always on call at a boarding school. I had been teaching there exactly six years during which time I wrote The Woman Warrior. When it was published and I got an advance, it just so happened that I was there for six years so I got a sabbatical. I had made up my mind that during the sabbatical I would write the next book. The conditions of the sabbatical are you have to come back to teach for an additional two years. I got my advance for The Woman Warrior and paid off my sabbatical, so I did not have to come back, and I quit teaching. At that time I got a $5000 advance, enough to pay for one year's salary of my teaching. I thought of it as buying my freedom and then I could write without doing any other [work], no more moonlighting, I could concentrate on writing. …

The uniqueness of the man

I had two immediate issues to address when the privilege came to me to be able to contribute to a festschrift in honor of Jordan M. Phillips, MD. The first was to be sure I fully understood the definition of the word “festschrift.” The second was on what subject I would write.

Exploring Evolutionary Constraints Is a Task for an Integrative Evolutionary Biology

Judging by the volume of writings about evolutionary constraints, they are an important topic in evolutionary biology. However, their involvement in shaping patterns of evolutionary change from morphological stasis to adaptive radiation remains contentious. This is at least in part because of the paucity of robust analyses of potential examples of constraints, whether of a more absolute or a relative nature. Here, we argue that what is needed to explore the type of constraints and bias on evolutionary change that may emerge from the way in which phenotypic variation is generated is an integrative approach applied to systems that can be tackled at different levels of biological organization. This is illustrated using research on the evolution of patterns in butterfly wing eyespots that has applied a combination of evolutionary genetics and evo-devo to an emerging model species with the beginnings of a comparative approach to describe patterns of variability among the extant taxa of two species-rich genera.

Cine-Ethnography (review)

Reviewed by: Ciné-Ethnography/Jean Rouch Kenneth W. Harrow Ciné-Ethnography/Jean Rouch Ed. and Trans. Steven Feld Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 2003. 400 pp. Ciné-Ethnography is a volume of writings by Jean Rouch, edited and translated by Steven Feld, with a long essay by Edgar Morin on Morin and Rouch's Chronicle of a Summer. The first part of the book consists of four essays by Rouch in which he clearly spells out his approach to filmmaking, and, most famously, to what has come to be known as cinéma vérité or direct cinema. These essays include his work on trance and the sohantye and tyarkaw, or sorcerers and magicians, from Niger ("On the Vicissitudes of the Self: The Possessed Dancer, the Magician, the Sorcerer, the Filmmakers, and the Ethnographer"), and on his collaboration and tutelage under Marcel Griaule and Germaine Dieterlen. These essays elaborate notions of "cinematic truth" as a way of conveying a vision of the world through the eye of the camera, translated into a ciné-reality, a ciné-truth, and a ciné-vision. For Rouch that vision is an extension of a poetic communication with those who can exceed the limitations of ordinary life and its experiences, whence his identification with the state of the trance, which he appropriates for himself as a filmmaker who enters into the ciné-trance when filming. The essays are followed by four interviews in which the above ideas are regurgitated, at times with an annoying degree of adulation for Rouch by the interviewers. This is balanced by the final interview conducted in 1977 by three anthropologists, Dan Georgakas, Udayan Gupta, and Judy Janda, in which they level at Rouch some fairly strong criticisms of his work. He often responds at an angle to the questions posed to him, but in his answers a poesis eventually emerges, one that is not entirely visible from the individual, well-known films themselves, but which becomes a consistent personal vision when the oeuvre is seen as a whole. Lastly, the volume includes Edgar Morin's long disquisition on Chronicle, with a brief introduction by Rouch to the ideas that were generated by film. A portion of the dialogue in the film, and of some of the outtakes, then follows, with a final set of answers to a questionnaire presented to the participants/actors in the film. Before I discuss what is essential to Rouch's work as it is presented here, a brief comment on the final section on Chronicle. Rouch is best known as the founder of ethnographic filmmaking in Africa. Others had preceded him, as the essays clearly delineate and acknowledge. But their approaches led to highly conventionalized documentary, or newsreel, films, with no "cinema truth" that would permit them to go beyond the extreme banality of their certitudes about their subjects: Africans were objects for the camera to record; their culture equally objectified. Ultimately [End Page 168] they, like the colonial literatures to whose period they belonged, wrote an "Africa" on a blank slate, exactly as Chris Miller has indicated in his works on colonial writings and expositions. Rouch succeeded in entering into a dialogic relation with Africans, a relationship I would hesitate to call a collaboration, but that was, nevertheless, one in which he problematized the dominant position of the documentary filmmakers over their subjects, and where he attempted to overcome the strictures of exoticism and alienation in the relationship between African subjects and a European filmmaker. The results have been, and remain, controversial—and worthy of a significant debate. In Chronicle, however, the constituent factor of Africa or Africanity in relation to Europe, a relation inseparable from the history that shaped it, is absent. About one-third of Ciné-Ethnography is devoted to Chronicle. For me, and for those of us for whom the interest in Rouch's work is derived from his relationship to Africa, this was a long diversion from the central issues, and it reinforced for me the notion that Rouch's supposed impact on the development of the "art" of film, and specifically New Wave French film, has been vastly exaggerated. Rouch wants to believe that he generated something fundamentally new...

The unknown Karen Horney: essays on gender, culture, and psychoanalysis

This volume of writings by the distinguished psychoanalyst Karen Horney (1885-1952) completes the publication of her unpublished and uncollected work. It includes pieces on feminine psychology and the relations between the sexes as well as on other aspects of psychoanalytic theory. The editor's introductions set these works in context, showing their significance for Horney's thought and their relation to her other writings. The material in Part 1 provides an important supplement to Feminine Psychology, the book that established Horney as the first great psychoanalytic feminist. It reveals aspects of Horney's early thought not fully developed elsewhere, along with the views about feminine psychology and the relations between the sexes that reflect her later thinking. Part 2 deepens our understanding of the final two phases of Karen Horney's thought - her break with Freud and proposal of a new psychoanalytic paradigm in the 1930s, and her mature theory, developed in the 1940s. In presenting eighteen previously unpublished pieces, four essays that have not been available in English, and other texts that have been difficult to locate, this collection makes accessible an important segment of Horney's work.

Outsourcing of logistics functions: a literature survey

Recent times have witnessed a heightened global interest in outsourcing of logistics functions. This is indicated by the volume of writings on the subject in various scholarly journals, trade publications and popular magazines. However, efforts to organize them in an integrated body of knowledge appear to be very limited. Keeping this in view, this paper makes an attempt to develop a comprehensive literature on outsourcing based on more than 100 published articles, papers and books on the subject.

Karl Polanyi: His Life and Times

The publication in Hungary of Democracy, Fascism and Industrial Civilization: Selected Essays, a volume of writings by Karl Polanyi, marks an important event, a homecoming, to use his own words.

MEMBERS' FORUM SIGNPOSTS: SOME SELECTIONS FROM The 1955 SPECIAL LIBRARY LITERATURE

This series of articles, now in its fourth year, has been designed to fill a gap in the bibliographical coverage of library literature which is covered by no other publication. Its aim is to spotlight those items in the year's production which are likely to be of direct practical value to the librarian or information officer working in a small organization. Such persons are frequently without previous training and experience of the work and need assistance in selecting from the ever‐growing volume of writings on librarianship those items which are likely to be of assistance to them in their work. This review aims at doing this; eliminating all purely theoretical discussions and descriptions of practice in large libraries, except where it is felt they can be of practical application in the small department, and including not only descriptions of library practice but also works of reference of which, even if they are not held in his library, any librarian should know something. No attempt is made to include only those items published in a particular year, but it is hoped that the list is in general representative of items received in British libraries in the year in question, and that between the articles in the series all important items have been covered. The volume of literature from which the choice must be made continues to grow, and the choice of individual items is necessarily a personal one, with which others may be expected to disagree, particularly over the omissions, but it is hoped that it will serve as a useful guide to those for whom it is intended.

The Pacific War: A Survey of Its Literature

THIS SURVEY of the literature of the war in the Pacific (which for the purposes of this study has been dated December 7, 1941, to September 2, 1945) has been made in the interests of historical scholarship rather than in the interests of literary criticism or some other equally valid and valuable field of examination. The object has been to discover what has been accomplished since the outbreak of the Pacific war in the way of volume of writings, authorship, coverage of theaters and of services, and in general the kinds of activities described with some indication as to frequency and emphasis. Moreover, an attempt has been made to judge the products and to suggest what might be done to achieve a balanced as well as accurate description of the war in the Pacific. Finally, attention is given to some of the difficulties now standing in the way of the writing of a satisfactory history of the Pacific phase of the war. With very few exceptions the titles used for the statistical portion of this survey represent books published in the United States. The nonavailability of foreign titles in sufficient volume to be regarded as representative led to exclusion of them in this part of the study. Due to the plethora of periodical literature, pamphlets, and tracts published in this country and abroad, no effort was made to survey these kinds of literary outpourings. Approximately thirty-five titles published abroad came to the writer's attention, including fourteen from England, seven from Australia, three from New Zealand, two from Germany (one a twovolume work for German readers describing the progress of the Japanese from Hawaii to the fall of Corregidor), one each from France and South Africa, and several from scattered sources. The scholar in America who seeks a balanced view of the conflict must search for additional materials

An Interview with Jean Jacques Rousseau

The attempt to contribute, however slightly, to the vast volume of writings on Rousseau is a venture which, all will agree, should be undertaken with diffidence. The character, achievements, and influence of the Great Romanticist have been studied, discussed and debated by so many eminent scholars, that, unless one has something new to offer, the careful critic will consider any attempt to reopen the complex subject as tedious as it is presumptuous. In the present instance, however, the writer feels that he has been fortunate enough to discover some material which, though of modest scope, will nevertheless prove of real interest to lovers of Rousseauiana.