Volume Of Waste Research Articles

Interventions to Reduce Surgical Waste Burden: A Systematic Review.

Operating suites are significant drivers of waste, pollution, and costs. Surgeons can help fight the climate crisis by implementing innovative strategies aimed at mitigating the environmental impact of surgical procedures and decreasing operational costs, and moving toward a more sustainable healthcare system. This study aims to review the literature describing interventions that reduce surgical waste. PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase were searched. Studies reporting interventions to reduce operative waste, including emissions, energy, trash, and other, were included. Case reports, opinion-based reports, reviews, and meta-analyses were excluded. Study quality was rated using MINORS and Jadad scales. Data were extracted from each study to calculate waste on a per case basis. Narrative review of studies was performed rather than meta-analysis. The search yielded 675 unique hits, of which 13 (level of evidence: I-III) met inclusion criteria. Included studies were categorized by intervention type in relation to the operating and procedure room. Three studies evaluated provider education initiatives, three evaluated setup of instruments, two evaluated single-use items, four evaluated technique changes, and one evaluated surgical venue. Seven studies reported significant reductions in disposable surgical waste throughput, and seven reported significant reductions in cost. The results of this systemic review demonstrated the effectiveness of surgical waste reduction initiatives in reducing waste volume, cost, and carbon emissions. Within plastic surgery, minimal surgical packs resulted in reduced gross waste and cost while promoting patient satisfaction in hand surgery, supporting the continued development and implementation of such initiatives in a surgical context.

Waste Management Model in Gamalama Village Ternate City

This research aims to identify waste management models and public perceptions about waste in Gamalama Village, Central Ternate City. This research used a qualitative descriptive. Data collection was carried out through interviews, questionnaires, documentation and testing the validity of the data using the triangulation method. The research results show that the volume of waste in Gamalama sub-district increased by 514,834 m3/day, and 187,914,319 m3/year. Waste management still uses the old model, namely picking up the source of the waste at the TPS and continuing it to the TPA. This risks of accumulation waste made people have a negative perception about waste management in Gamalama sub-district. Gamalama Village should implement the 3 R model (reuse, reduce and recycle) which can process waste into useful and economically valuable goods, and ultimately waste can be handled from upstream to downstream.

Investigation of the mechanical, microstructure, and durability properties of concrete with fine uniform and non-uniform polyethylene terephthalate (PET) aggregates

Concrete manufacturing is highly resource-intensive and is a major source of greenhouse gas emission. Accelerating depletion of natural resources such as sand, which is the primary material for aggregate in concrete manufacture is a growing problem. At the same time, the disposal of vast volumes of non-biodegradable plastic waste poses a global environmental challenge. The incorporation of aggregates derived from municipal plastic waste to substitute for sand has the potential to help address both issues, while at the same time mitigating greenhouse gas emission. This study examines the potential of municipal polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste as a fine aggregate in concrete manufacturing. The primary focus was on PET aggregates with non-uniform and uniform shapes ranging in size from 2.36 to 4.75 mm. In the concrete mixtures, 0 %, 30 %, and 50 % of the fine natural aggregate by volume were replaced with fine PET aggregate with a water to cement ratio of 0.40. The obtained results showed a reduction in compressive and splitting tensile strength when compared to control specimens. However, replacing 30 % of fine natural aggregate with PET (both uniform and non-uniform shapes) significantly improved chloride resistance by 13 % and 12 %, respectively, while also enhancing the bond between cement paste and PET particles. This study characterizes the material properties of PET concrete, which represents a promising method for reusing municipal plastic waste and mitigating environmental concerns in concrete production.

Performance Analysis of Lake Water Cooling Coupled with a Waste Heat Recovery System in the Data Center

Data centers (DCs) require continuous cooling throughout the year and produce a large amount of low-grade waste heat. Free cooling and waste heat recovery techniques are promising approaches to reduce DC energy consumption. Although previous studies have explored diverse waste heat utilization strategies, there is a significant gap in combining waste heat recovery with lake water cooling in DCs. Therefore, this study proposed a system integrating lake water cooling with waste heat recovery for DCs. To evaluate the energy-saving performance of the suggested system, the influence of waste heat recovery locations and volumes has been investigated. An analysis of the improvement in system parameters is also conducted. The study’s findings highlight that targeted recovery of waste heat from sources like chilled water or air in server rooms can significantly reduce the cooling energy demand of the system. The results show that recovering heat from the return air of IT equipment can yield a remarkable power usage effectiveness (PUE) and coefficient of performance (COP) of 1.19 and 10.17, and the energy consumption of the cooling system is reduced to 10.06%. Moreover, the outcomes reveal the potential for substantial energy savings of up to 26.05% within the proposed system by setting the chilled water and air supply temperatures to 16 and 20 °C, respectively.

Design and Fabrication of Automated Accumulator for Waste Management

Abstract: In today's society, the escalating issue of improper waste disposal looms large. As population density swells, so does the volume of waste produced, straining landfill capacities, polluting the environment, and posing grave health risks. Traditional waste collection approaches fall short, proving costly, laborious, and inadequate in addressing the mounting problem. This underscores the urgent need for innovative solutions. Enter the automated accumulator: a pioneering system designed to revolutionize waste management by streamlining processes and boosting efficiency. Combining cutting-edge sensor technology, robotics, and data analytics, the automated accumulator redefines waste management efficiency. Through instantaneous waste identification and categorization, it revolutionizes resource distribution, slashes manual labor requirements, and curtails environmental pollution.

Investigating the Operational Feasibility of Waste Management at Integrated Waste Management Sites in Balikpapan City

Referring to the Balikpapan City Medium-Term Development Plan for 2021-2026, the percentage of waste transported to the Final Waste Processing Site (FWPS) is 75.45%, which is higher than the percentage of waste management. As of now, there are 2 Integrated Waste Management Sites (IWMS) in Balikpapan, namely MRF and ITF. Based on data from 2019, waste management at MRF decreased by 51.14%. Meanwhile, ITF only utilizes 25.98% - 31.31% of total incoming waste, with the remainder being sent to Manggar FWPS. This decline in performance is also related to the deteriorating condition of approximately 62% of waste management infrastructure in Balikpapan, so evaluation of the operational aspects of waste management becomes a crucial factor in addressing this issue. In addition, the ideal condition of waste management according to standards serves as the main indicator in assessing the performance of waste management. This research aims to evaluate operational aspects of waste management at Balikpapan IWMS by applicable regulations. Analysis methods used are mass balance analysis and operational performance analysis. Research findings show that waste management at IWMS Balikpapan City can reduce the volume of waste in Balikpapan City. However, the operational performance of MRF did not meet established standards, especially in terms of waste removal and processing systems, with a score of 19. On the other hand, ITF is considered sufficient by provisions of PUPR Minister Regulation Number 03 of 2013 and Indonesian National Standard 19-2454-2002 with a score of 23.

Численное моделирование миграции фильтрационных вод от объектов размещения твердых коммунальных отходов через грунтовые защитные сооружения

The paper studies numerically he processes of pollutant migration from the municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill and discusses the obtained results. Pollution of the natural environment with residues of substances and products resulting from the human household and industrial activities is one of the most urgent problems both in Russia and all over the world. In economically developed countries, in which waste management strategies are implemented to minimize garbage accumulation, priority is given to neutralization and recycling technologies, The beneficial effect of such strategy is a significant reduction of the waste volume. In Russia, despite the positive dynamics in the use of new waste management technologies, the main method of their treatment is disposal at MSW landfills. On the territory of Russia, along with the MSW landfills operated and built in accordance with environmental requirements, there are a large number of unauthorized landfills, which are of serious hazard to the environment. This raises the question of assessing the impact of such facilities on the environment. To study the characteristics of the pollutant distribution and determine the waste migration parameters, the archival data from a set of field and laboratory studies in the area of the existing MSW disposal site were used. A numerical model was constructed to describe the hydrodynamics of the migration of substances in the soil and soil layer forming the base of a solid waste disposal facility. The process of pollutant spreading is described in terms of dry residue. The model takes into account such factors as convective transport, diffusion and geological composition of the base of the waste disposal site, which have a significant impact on the pollutant migration.

Pengelolaan Ecobrick Sebagai Alternatif Untuk Mengurangi Volume Limbah Plastik di Desa Kersik

Ecobrick management as an alternative to reduce the volume of plastic waste in Kersik Village. This research aims to explore the potential for using Ecobricks as an innovative solution in reducing the volume of plastic waste in Kersik Village. The PAR (Participatory Action Research) method uses the 5T approach (To Know, To Understand, To Plan, To Action, To Reflection). This approach is not only used to understand problems in society, but also to plan, act and reflect on the actions taken. It is hoped that the results of this research can contribute to further understanding of environmental sustainability at the local level, while providing a practical view regarding the application of Ecobricks as a sustainable strategy to reduce the negative impact of plastic waste on the Kersik Village community.

Rancang Bangun Monitoring Tempat Sampah Berbasis Mikrokontroler

Islamic boarding schools, as one of the oldest Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia, play an important role in rural communities. However, Islamic boarding schools often face hygiene problems, especially in waste management. The large number of students produces large volumes of waste, so effective management is needed. The waste management paradigm must now be changed to reduce, recycle and reuse (3R: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). In the Industry 4.0 era, technology such as microcontroller-based smart trash cans and IoT have become effective solutions. This smart trash can can measure the weight and height of waste in real-time, providing data that can be accessed via smartphone and website, making it easier for waste managers to maintain a clean environment. This smart trash can will be placed at the Denanyar Islamic Boarding School and managed by a non-governmental organization that cares about cleanliness and the use of recycled waste.

PFAS distribution in cascade derived foam at wastewater treatment plants: The role of non-linear drainage, collapse induced enrichment, and implications for removal

Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) enrichment in foam was investigated for the first time at a wastewater treatment plant cascade. A novel sampling device was utilized to allow spatial and temporal heterogeneity in PFAS concentrations and liquid content to be characterized. Concentrations of 8 PFAS compounds were normalized to liquid content and fit to a power law model revealing strong correlation (R2 = 0.91) between drainage induced enrichment and PFAS molar volume. Short chain PFAS such as perfluorobutanoate (PFBA) exhibited minor to no enrichment factors in foam (0.24–5.9) compared to effluent concentrations across the range of foam liquid contents (0.28–6.24 %), while long chain compounds such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) became highly enriched with factors of 295–143,000. A conceptual model is proposed to explain higher than expected enrichment of more surface-active PFAS relative to liquid content, which combines continuous partitioning of PFAS to air bubbles during foam formation with additional partitioning during non-linear drainage and foam collapse, both controlled by their affinity for the air-water interface. Scoping calculations suggest the majority of PFOS and other long chain PFAS may be removed if foam is continuously collected with potential to reduce waste volume under economic barriers for current destructive technologies.

Biology of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) and Utilization of its Waste (Maggot Frass) for Plant Growth: A Literature Review

The utilization of maggot frass from Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae (Hermetia illucens Linneus, 1875) has garnered attention in the context of organic farming as a promising alternative to enhance plant growth and development. Maggot frass, a byproduct of the larval digestion process, is rich in essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and contains beneficial microorganisms for the soil. This study employs a literature review method. Literature sources were obtained from the Google Scholar database using keywords such as "maggot frass", "kasgot", "Black Soldier Fly", and "Hermetia illucens". The articles obtained were then analyzed to gather secondary data. The aim of this research is to explore the potential utilization of maggot frass from BSF larvae in enhancing plant growth and development in the context of organic farming. Research on the utilization of maggot frass has shown significant potential in improving soil fertility and increasing crop productivity. Furthermore, the use of BSF larvae in organic waste management can also significantly reduce waste volume while creating valuable resources for agriculture. By integrating the utilization of maggot frass into organic farming practices, it is hoped that a more sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural system can be created in the future.

Utilizing Selected Machine Learning Methods for Conicity Prediction in the Process of Producing Radial Tires for Passenger Cars

This article presents the current state and development directions of the tire industry. One of the main requirements that a tire must meet before it can leave the factory is achieving values of quantities describing uniformity at a defined level. Of particular importance areconicity and the components of the tire with the greatest impact on its value. This research is based on the possibility of using an ANN to meet contemporary challenges faced by tire manufacturers. In order to achieve a satisfactory level of prediction, we compared the use of a multi-layer perceptron and decision trees XGBoost, LightGbmRegression, and FastTreeRegression. Based on data analysis and similar examples from the literature, metrics were selected to evaluate the models’ ability to solve regression problems in relation to the described problem. We selected the best possible solution, standing at the top of the features covered by the criterion analysis. The proposed solutions can be the basis for acquiring new knowledge and contributions in the field of the computational analysis of industrial data in tire production. These solutions are characterized by the required accuracy and efficiency for online work, and they also contribute to the creation of the best fit elements of complex systems (including computational models). The results of this study will contribute to reducing the volume of waste in the tire industry by eliminating defective tire parts in the early stages of the production process.

Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Masonry Mortars for Sustainable Construction: Experimental Study with Four Different Aggregates

The construction sector generates a strong environmental impact every year as a result of the high consumption of raw materials and the large waste volumes associated with this productive activity. In this sense, the search for alternative and sustainable solutions that allow progress towards responsible economic growth has become a priority activity. This work presents an exhaustive characterisation of masonry mortars made with four different types of aggregates: standard sand, natural sand, concrete waste recycled sand and ceramic components recovered sand. Differently from other studies, this research addresses the previous characterisation of the aggregates as raw material for the manufacture of masonry mortars, and, afterwards, a study of the most relevant properties for these cement composites in the fresh and hardened state is carried out. The most relevant properties of the mortars made with these raw materials are presented, and the repercussion of aggregate washing on their physical-mechanical characteristics is analysed. The results show how mortars made with 100% recycled aggregate can be competitive in the industry, presenting excellent properties in the fresh state and achieving an optimal mechanical strength. In addition, it has been observed that the introduction of a previous washing step of the aggregates improves their physical-mechanical properties and results in a higher quality of the cement mortars finally produced. In this way, the most representative properties of this type of materials have been collected in a well-structured and complete way, thus showing their possibilities of application in the construction industry.

High-temperature heat treatment of hydrogen-reduced bauxite residue-calcite pellets for iron particles growth and separationTraitement thermique à haute température de boulettes de résidus de bauxite et calcite réduites à l’hydrogène pour la croissance et la séparation des particules de fer

ABSTRACT Bauxite residue characterised as a polymetallic source containing iron, alumina, titanium, calcium, silicon and rare earth elements offers an opportunity for reduced waste volume and the recovery of valuable metals. This study focuses on the agglomeration of bauxite residue with calcite, followed by hydrogen reduction at 1000°C. The resulting iron particles in the reduced pellets were initially very small distributed in a porous oxide matrix, posing challenges for physical separation methods. To address this issue, further heat treatments were conducted on the reduced pellets in an argon atmosphere, ranging from 1100°C to 1550°C. Phase analysis and microstructural examinations were performed using X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Experimental findings indicate that the size of iron particles in the reduced pellets increases with higher heat treatment temperatures. Up to 1200°C, the oxide matrix remains a solid state, transitioning to a semi-molten and molten state above this heat treatment temperature and complete separation of iron from the oxide matrix above 1500°C. An alkali-leachable phase is present in the reduced pellets, initially in the form of calcium aluminate (mayenite), while above 1400°C, this phase dissociates to form monocalcium aluminate, and complete conversion at 1500°C. As observed in the microstructural analysis, there is an increase in the particle size of iron in both the solid and semi-molten states with an increasing in temperature from 1100°C up to 1300°C. This comprehensive study sheds light on the transformative effects of varying heat treatment temperatures on the composition and microstructure of bauxite residue-based materials.

A greener method to recover critical metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs): Synergistic leaching without reducing agents

Efficient recycling of critical metals from spent lithium-ion batteries is vital for clean energy and sustainable industry growth. Conventional methods often fail to manage large waste volumes, leading to hazardous gas emissions and dangerous materials. This study investigates innovative methods for recovering critical metals from spent LIBs using synergistic leaching. The first step optimized thermal treatment conditions (570 °C for 2 h in air) to remove binder materials while maintaining cathode material crystallinity, confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Next, response surface methodology (RSM), I-optimal, was used to examine the synergistic effects of sulfuric acid (SA) and organic acids (Org, citric and acetic acids) and their concentrations (SA: 0.5–2 M and Org: 0.1–2 M) on metal leaching for an eco-friendlier process. Results showed that adding citric acid to SA was more effective, especially at lower concentrations, than using acetic acid. The medium was tested to evaluate the impact of reductant addition. Remarkably, it was discovered that the optimized leaching mixture (1.25 M SA and 0.55 M citric acid) efficiently extracted metals without the need for any reductant like H2O2, highlighting its potential for a simpler and more eco-friendly recycling process. Further optimization identified the ideal solid-to-liquid ratio (62.5 g/L) to minimize acid use. Finally, RSM (D-optimal) was used to investigate the effects of time and temperature on leaching, achieving remarkable recovery rates of 99% ± 0.7 for Li, 98% ± 0.0 for Co, 90% ± 6.6 for Ni, and 92% ± 0.4 for Mn under optimized conditions at 189 min and 95 °C. Chemical cost analysis revealed this method is about 25% more cost-effective than conventional methods.

Waste management systems in the context of sustainability

The present paper deals with waste management systems in the context of sustainability in selected municipalities. The author's team aimed to find the key waste groups according to the classification groups that have a major impact on the volume of waste and the cost of the system, thus facilitating management decision-making. In order to optimise the management of the entire waste management system from the perspective of the statutory municipality, it was first necessary to reduce the original list of 53 waste items to a significantly smaller number. With the help of waste management experts, criteria for reducing the number of waste input items were defined, resulting in a reduced statistical sample of 27 items. Each item is quantified by the amount of waste per year and the cost of the system per year. The mathematical apparatus consisted primarily of calculating average values as well as marginal slopes of waste quantity and cost. The interrelationships between waste groups were graphically recorded in perceptual maps. The individual analyses were carried out primarily for a statutory city, with secondary comparisons of the results with smaller towns and small villages. The analytical procedures verified that the catalogue of basic components of mixed municipal waste can be significantly reduced for decision-making in secondary resource management. The amount of waste selected in each group significantly impacts the cost of the whole waste management system. Of the original 15 waste groups, only three groups appear to be the main ones. The municipal waste group even has a decisive influence on both the quantity of waste and the cost of the whole system. Thanks to these findings, from the point of view of both the manager and the management of the statutory city, it is possible to focus on this core group, which contains the 13 original catalogue items.

Alternative Materials As an Opportunity to Reduce Environmental Impacts in the Construction Sector

Construction has become a serious environmental problem due to its high demand on natural resources and the massive production of large volumes of waste that require special handling. Because of this, it is necessary to rethink the materials used in the sector, together with the methods of extraction and production, as well as the application of instruments that facilitate the reduction of the impacts associated with construction works, from the design stage or obtaining raw materials. In this way, a bibliographic search of various electronic documents was used, mainly from the databases of the National University, among other academic search engines. The methodological process was based on a qualitative research, where theory and bibliographic review were the frame of reference. The purpose is to identify alternative materials such as adobe, wood, hemp, straw, bamboo, and eco-bricks made from household waste, which can replace the use of traditional materials. In this sense, the present bibliographic research allowed demonstrating that alternative materials are capable of providing the same structural support to a construction work, compared to other conventional materials. It also highlights the added value that these options provide to the construction sector, reducing the associated ecological footprints and improving the environmental balance, since the high environmental costs of resource extraction are reduced and other negative environmental impacts are minimized.

Environment Risk Assessment of Healthcare Waste Using Ensemble Learning Technique-Based EFMEA

Healthcare waste (HCW) affects the sustainable development of the environment greatly. The choice of medical waste treatment methods has become a significant concern for public health and safety due to the rapid surge in the volume and diversity of medical waste. As an important aspect of environmental risk assessment (ERA), HCW risk assessment plays a crucial role in environmental protection to develop sustainability strategies. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) has been extensively utilized in HCW risk assessment in the past few decades. In this paper, we aimed to address the limitations of traditional FMEA while incorporating the benefits of diverse FMEA methods and employ a novel ensemble learning technique-based FMEA method to perform risk assessment of HCW. A real-world case of HCW risk assessment is investigated for the verification of the performance and effectiveness of the ensemble learning technique-based Environment FMEA (EFMEA). Result of the case study shows that this ensemble learning technique-based EFMEA can provide a more reliable assessment result for HCW risk management.

Effect of Continuous Casting and Heat Treatment Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Recycled EN AW-2007 Alloy.

The growing use of aluminum and its compounds has increased the volume of aluminum waste. To mitigate environmental impacts and cut down on manufacturing expenses, extensive investigations have recently been undertaken to recycle aluminum compounds. This paper outlines the outcomes of a study on fabricating standard EN AW-2007 alloy using industrial and secondary scrap through continuous casting. The resultant recycled bars were analyzed for their chemical makeup and examined for microstructural features in both the cast and T4 states, undergoing mechanical property evaluations. The study identified several phases in the cast form through LM, SEM + EDS, and XRD techniques: Al7Cu2Fe, θ-Al2Cu, β-Mg2Si, Q-Al4Cu2Mg8Si7, and α-Al15(FeMn)3 (SiCu)2, along with Pb particles. Most primary intermetallic precipitates such as θ-Al2Cu, β-Mg2Si, and Q-Al4Cu2Mg8Si7 dissolved into the α-Al solid solution during the solution heat treatment. In the subsequent natural aging process, the θ-Al2Cu phase predominantly emerged as a finely dispersed hardening phase. The peak hardness achieved in the EN AW-2007 alloy was 124.8 HB, following a solution heat treatment at 500 °C and aging at 25 °C for 80 h. The static tensile test assessed the mechanical and ductility properties of the EN AW-2007 alloy in both the cast and T4 heat-treated states. Superior strength parameters were achieved after solution heat treatment at 500 °C for 6 h, followed by water quenching and natural aging at 25 °C/9 h, with a tensile strength of 435.0 MPa, a yield strength of 240.5 MPa, and an appreciable elongation of 18.1% at break. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of producing defect-free EN AW-2007 alloy ingots with excellent mechanical properties from recycled scrap using the continuous casting technique.

Utilization Of Waste In South Kalimantan as A Sustainable Technology Solution

Utilizing waste in South Kalimantan as a sustainable technological solution is an innovative step that has great potential in overcoming environmental and economic problems. This region, which is rich in natural resources, also produces waste from various sectors such as agriculture, industry and households. One solution that is being developed is processing waste into renewable energy. For example, fly ash waste, palm oil waste, candlenut shell waste, red brick powder and others can be processed into concrete mixtures which can be used as alternative materials. This recycling effort not only reduces the volume of waste that pollutes the environment, but also provides additional economic value. By utilizing waste effectively, South Kalimantan can reduce negative impacts on the environment, while encouraging greener and more sustainable economic growth. This effort shows the region's commitment to adopting environmentally friendly technology for a better future. These wastes can be used as a normal quality concrete mixture in accordance with standardization, the mixture of which is tested in the laboratory.