Volume Sold Research Articles

Fostering green chemistry through a collaborative business model: A Chemical Leasing case study from Serbia

Green and sustainable chemistry have been developed to help reduce the production and use of harmful chemicals. The two main approaches that have been used in fostering green and sustainable chemistry have been through policy initiatives and science/technology. This paper focuses on a complementary approach, Chemical Leasing. Chemical Leasing is a collaborative service-oriented business model that is aimed at shifting the focus away from profit generation, through increased sales, towards a value-added approach by providing a service. In this model the producer sells the functions performed by the chemical, while the payment basis is a functional unit rather than quantity or volume sold. The user of the chemical obtains benefits through a reduction in the chemicals used, and scientific know-how and support from the producer. This paper presents the results of a case study from Serbia with three partners: a beverage producer, a chemicals producer, and a facilitator. The Chemical Leasing implementation was done on lubricating the beverage producer's polyethylene terephthalate bottle packaging line. The results of the implementation were lower chemical consumption, substitution of a hazardous chemical by an environmentally friendly one, improvement of occupational health and safety, better packaging process efficiency, and economic savings. The case study illustrates that collaborative approaches can help reduce the use of hazardous chemicals (benefiting human health and the environment), whilst providing economic benefits to the partners. This research shows that collaborative business models can complement policy initiatives and scientific/technological approaches in fostering green and sustainable chemistry, and ultimately making societies more sustainable.

Profit–Size Relationships: A Wood Value Expression to Facilitate Stand Management Decision Making

This paper presents an alternative approach to expressing net value of wood in standing trees in relation to important tree characteristics. The approach aims at increasing woodlot owners’ and managers’ understanding of stand profit production and lead to consideration of stand interventions with higher profitability than those suggested by commonly used guidelines designed for maintaining biologically desirable stock levels. Our investigation showed that determining net wood value in individual trees for stand management purposes is not only feasible but relatively simple to do, requiring little additional information than typically used in stand level cash flow analysis. The presentation of wood value in the form of profit–size relationships presents two major improvements over traditional stand average values and product stumpage values: (1) it links both revenues and costs to determinant tree characteristics, providing a clearer picture of actual financial contributions of trees to stand value. (2) it gives the value of all wood grown and not just the value of volume sold. These two improvements allow landowners and managers to actually see where value is produced in specific stands, and design treatments accordingly to capture financial opportunities that would otherwise go unnoticed.

Lost Profits and Price Erosion in Patent Infringement Cases: Implications of Crystal Semiconductor

Abstract No abstract available.

Linear Motors Take Center Stage

Linear motors offer significant advantages over ball screws and rack-and-pinion systems as they can produce high forces without sacrificing speed or precision. Driven by electricity, linear motors provide direct linear motion without the potential complications associated with pneumatic and hydraulic systems, and without mechanical linkages such as ball screws or rack-and-pinion systems. Linear motors are potentially effective in any application requiring linear motion, and some uses can derive a great many benefits from the technology. Linear motors cost more than their traditional counterparts; however, the price has decreased significantly in recent years because of increases in the volume sold. Also, manufacturers have begun to invest more heavily in tooling and equipment geared specifically for the manufacture of linear motors. As acceptance of linear motors has increased, so has the number of competitors; one expert estimated that the number of manufacturers has gone from four to 30 in the past four years.

A transaction evidence based estimate of the stumpage value of some southern Ontario forest species

Most of the timber harvested in southern Ontario is sold in an open market. Sales are mainly conducted on mixed-species woodlots and include a range of timber qualities. An econometric model based on the transaction evidence approach and 506 sales data from 1983 to 1993 is developed to estimate the stumpage value of a stand as well as species components most important in determining value. Volume of timber of different species put on sale in a lot was found to be the prime determinant of sale value. For some species the product of average tree size and volume sold turned out to be influential. Per cubic metre value of standing timber was found to generally increase with tree size, but the nature of the relationship was not clearly identifiable. Ash was found to be the most valuable hardwood in southern Ontario. Ownership was a significant determinant of value, privately owned timber fetching much higher value than that on public lands. This may be due to difference in size of Trees on the two types of land. Site characteristics such as slope, underbrush, and distance from mills did not appear to be important in determining values. The reason most probably was that high per cubic metre values commanded by hardwoods rendered site differences and transportation costs in a well-roaded region relatively insignificant. Stand quality might have been an important factor, but poor data on it did not permit any useful analysis.

Network Evolution and Coalition Formation

Custody networks, are important factors in the rapid development of cross-border securities trading.The value of the transactions going through these networks is high: more than US $4 billion worth of cross-border equities are transacted daily. Network services exhibit two distinctive characteristics; (1) The willingness to pay increases with the level of activity, because the network is more valuable when it has more uses; and (2) Unit costs decrease with the volume sold, because there are large fixed set-up costs. Because of these characteristics the economic fundamentals of the market for network services can be opposite to what is predicted in classic textbook examples: the supply can be downward sloping, while the demand can increase with prices. For these reasons the evolution of t.he market for network services can be very different from t.hat of standardmarkets.

Changes in the Georgia Grape Industry and the Utilization of Three Marketing Channels

A survey of grape growers provided information on the marketing channels they utilized. Regression equations were estimated for two distinct grape-growing areas identifying factors influencing volume sold at wholesale and retail markets and to wine producers. Large growen sold primarily at fresh fruit markets while smaller growers sold mostly at retail markets and to wineries. Growers suggested that improved marketing would increase volume sold at retail markets and to wineries.

4/68–2R NASA thesaurus: Subject terms for indexing scientific and technical information. Preliminary edition. NASA SP‐7030. December 1967. Scientific and Technical Information Division, Office of Technology Utilization. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. 3 volumes Sold by Superintendent of Documents: 1968 price, $8.50.

American DocumentationVolume 19, Issue 2 p. 208-209 Book Review 4/68–2R NASA thesaurus: Subject terms for indexing scientific and technical information. Preliminary edition. NASA SP-7030. December 1967. Scientific and Technical Information Division, Office of Technology Utilization. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. 3 volumes Sold by Superintendent of Documents: 1968 price, $8.50. First published: April 1968 https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.5090190220AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume19, Issue2April 1968Pages 208-209 RelatedInformation