Volume Of Waste Research Articles

An enhanced CRADIS decision model for optimizing radioactive waste reduction through transmutations based on Disc Spherical Fuzzy information

Radioactive waste reduction through transmutation techniques is significant for mitigating environmental risks and ensuring long-term safety. It offers a sustainable approach to minimizing the volume of radioactive waste, contributing to both environmental preservation and enhanced nuclear energy sustainability. This paper introduces an extension of aggregation operations to hybrid operators in Disc Spherical Fuzzy Sets (D-SFSs), including D-SFS algebraic hybrid weighted averaging and D-SFS hybrid geometric aggregation operators. These novel operators are tailored for D-SFSs and are supported by rigorous proofs, enhancing their theoretical robustness. Additionally, a Maximum Deviation Method (MDM) is developed in conjunction with a proposed distance measure to assess attribute weights in Multiple Attribute Decision-Making (MADM) problems with Disc Spherical Fuzzy (D-SF) information. The study proposes a new MADM method in the D-SF environment, leveraging the D-SF distance measure and the Compromise Ranking of Alternatives from Distance to Ideal Solution (CRADIS) method. Notably, the paper focuses on extending D-SFs to the CRADIS method, particularly when weight information is entirely unknown. A comprehensive case study on optimizing radioactive waste volume reduction through transmutation technologies is provided. A comparative analysis with existing decision-making methods validates the improved MADM method’s validity and practicality.

Smart Environment Implementation Study in Samarinda

Abstract Samarinda, as a buffer for the Indonesian Capital City (IKN), needs to carry out development transformation to suit developments in science and technology and needs. The aim is to overcome environmental problems that cause increased flooding, traffic jams and under resourced neighbourhoods, making Samarinda City an uncomfortable place to live. To overcome this, it is necessary to apply the smart environment concept. This research examines the implementation of a smart environment, and the obstacles faced in its implementation in Samarinda City. Research analysis uses SWOT by determining the IFAS and EFAS for implementing the smart environment. The results of the SWOT analysis are in quadrant I (x, y = 1.71; 1.10), meaning that the implementation of a smart environment in Samarinda City needs to be carried out with a growth strategy (intensifying existing resources). The obstacles to implementing a smart environment in Samarinda City in the environmental protection program are not yet using IoT to monitor pollution, the high volume of waste that has not been handled, the absence of regional regulations regarding the use of renewable energy and energy efficient building design. For this reason, support and cooperation from the government, private sector and society is needed.

ASSESSMENT OF WASTE GENERATION, COMPOSITION AND REVENUE LOSS ESTIMATION DUE TO FLOATABLE RIVERINE LITTER AT LOG BOOM SUNGAI PINANG, KLANG, MALAYSIA

The presence of floatable riverine litter poses a significant environmental challenge, impacting both aquatic ecosystems and local economies. The purpose of this study is to quantify waste generation and composition based on two different seasons and estimate revenue loss from floatable litter at the log boom in Sungai Pinang. Using systematic waste sampling and analysis techniques, we categorised and measured the types and volumes of waste collected over a specified period. The data revealed substantial quantities of plastic, organic matter, and miscellaneous debris. To estimate the economic impact, we employed a revenue loss model that considers cleanup costs, damage to local fisheries, and the tourism sector. Our findings indicate that the accumulation of floatable riverine litter results in considerable economic losses annually. The study highlights the urgent need for effective waste management strategies and policies to mitigate the negative impacts of riverine litter on both the environment and the local economy.

Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste Based on Seasonal Diversity as Energy Potential Materials

Abstract Interrelated problems related to resource availability and population growth rates, such as energy demand and waste generation, have become pressing global concerns. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) poses a significant challenge due to its impact on society and the environment, including the associated hazards and threats. This study was conducted at the Piyungan Integrated Santary Landfill (TPST Piyungan) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from June to November 2022. The annual waste generation in the city is 586,267.37 tons per year in 2021, with a daily per capita waste generation rate of 0.43 kg/person. Two types of MSW samples were collected during the dry and rainy season to assess their composition. The collected samples were sorted, sun-dried, quartered, and reduced to 1mm particles for proximate analysis. The results of MSW characterization revealed that non-organic combustible materials accounted for a higher percentage during the dry season (62.7%) compared to the rainy season (53.1%). Conversely, organic matter constituted a higher proportion during the rainy season (36.7%) compared to the dry season (30.4%). The moisture content ranged from 4 to 11%, volatile matter content varied between 60% and 66%, and fixed carbon content ranged from 19 to 31%. The energy content of MSW during the dry season was measured at 20.67 MJ/kg, while in the rainy season, it yielded 14.99 MJ/kg. These findings indicate that due to the substantial energy content and waste generation rates, waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies can be effectively applied to manage MSW in Yogyakarta, simultaneously reducing waste volumes and recovering energy.

Advancements in immobilization of cesium and strontium radionuclides in cementitious wasteforms—A review

AbstractThe safe and secure encapsulation or immobilization of nuclear waste, particularly low to intermediate‐level waste (accounting for ∼97% of the total volume of nuclear waste), has been a significant concern. Consequently, numerous studies have been conducted on various materials such as ordinary Portland cement‐based, bitumen, and ceramics for the purpose of waste encapsulation/immobilization. However, these studies generally offer a broad overview of materials performance without focusing on specific radioisotopes of concern. Cesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr) are important radioactive nuclides to consider for encapsulation, but the existing studies on immobilizing these elements are fragmented and lack a comprehensive understanding. This critical review article offers a thorough qualitative and quantitative analysis to uncover the primary trends/knowledge gaps within the field. It comprehensively delves into waste classifications/management and leaching assessments, followed by an exploration of the immobilization performance and durability issues of various traditional and advanced cementitious materials including low‐temperature chemically bonded ceramics such as alkali‐activated matrices and Mg‒K phosphates for the immobilization of Cs and Sr. Furthermore, the review article provides fresh insights and perspectives, including recommendations for improvements, novel technologies, and future trends in this domain.

Технологии информационного моделирования в концепции устойчивого строительства автомобильных дорог

Based on the analysis of open statistical data, the authors conclude that the volume of industrial and household waste is growing rapidly, most of which is not recycled. The growing environmental impact of the construction industry is leading to the development of green standards for highway design and construction at the state level. The paper considers the peculiarities of the construction sector in the context of sustainable road development. One of the tools for such development is the application of information models that ensure energy efficiency and environmental friendliness of the project. The paper characterises the ecologically-oriented directions of development of design, construction and operation of automobile roads. The authors present One Click LCA software as an example. It allows to assess the environmental impact of the constructed object - a road - throughout the entire life cycle.

Household Waste Segregation in a Ward of a Budhanilkantha Municipality, Kathmandu, Nepal

The process of urbanization, which is perceived as a sign of progress, results increased number of households and their increased consumption of goods and services. This increases the volume of daily household waste which if not properly managed, can lead to various diseases and epidemics. Segregation of household waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes can make household waste management easier as the biodegradable waste whose proportion is more than 60 % of the daily household waste, can be managed at household or local level. Similarly, a large proportion of non-biodegradable waste can be recycled. This would remove great burden faced by the distant landfill sites where urban wastes are disposed on a regular basis. A study done in a ward of Budhanilkantha Municipality, an urban municipality of Kathmandu valley, which involved 592 households showed that 65% of the total households practiced waste segregation. However, the practice of household waste segregation was not significantly associated with different levels of education status or the monthly income of the family. It was also not significantly associated with the presence of open area around the house.

Legal issues of construction waste as an object of environmental law regulations

Problem setting. The problem of handling construction waste is one of the most urgent in modern environmental law. The growing scale of construction, both in the residential and infrastructural sectors, leads to an increase in the volume of construction waste, which is often not disposed of properly. These wastes contain various materials, including those that are potentially hazardous to the environment. The existing legislation on waste management often does not take into account the specifics of construction waste, which leads to environmental risks, as well as insufficient responsibility of business entities. This requires analysis of legal problems and improvement of legislative mechanisms in this area. Analysis of recent researches and publications on the legal problems of construction waste management shows that this issue is increasingly attracting the attention of both domestic and foreign scientists. The main emphasis in research is on the need to improve legal regulatory mechanisms, as well as on the environmental aspect of construction waste management. In particular, in this area there were publications of legal scholars: A.P. Hetman, V.L. Bredikhina, Y.S. Shemshuchenko, N.R. Malysheva, G.N. Polyanskaya, V.G. Emelyanova, V.V. Nosik and others. Purpose of research is to analyze the legal problems of handling construction waste, their environmental impact and mechanisms of legal regulation, as well as to determine ways to improve legislation in the field of construction waste management. In particular, the research is aimed at identifying gaps in the legal framework, formulating recommendations for improving legal regulation and increasing the responsibility of business entities for violations of environmental norms. Article’s main body. Construction waste differs in its composition from ordinary household waste. They may contain dangerous chemical compounds, heavy metals, remains of concrete, plastic, wood and other materials that require special disposal and processing methods. Modern practice shows that many subjects of construction activity ignore the requirements of environmental safety, creating spontaneous landfills or improperly disposing of waste. This increases environmental risks, including soil, water and air pollution. Legal regulation of construction waste in Ukraine is fragmented and not sufficiently detailed. Ukraine’s waste legislation is mainly focused on general solid household waste, while construction waste is often neglected. The lack of special laws or by-laws that would regulate all stages of handling such waste from its collection to processing and disposal, creates a legal gap. For example, in Ukraine, there are no special requirements for enterprises to manage construction waste or to encourage their recycling, which makes it difficult to implement environmentally safe solutions. Conclusions and prospects for development. Therefore, the legal problems of handling construction waste are a significant challenge for the environmental policy and legal system of Ukraine. The imperfection of the current legislation, the absence of special normative acts and insufficient control by the state lead to ecological violations and create threats to the environment. Reforming legislation in this area is a necessary condition for ensuring environmental safety and introducing the principles of sustainable development in the construction industry. The perspective of the development of the topic is the further study of the European experience in regulating the management of construction waste and its adaptation to Ukrainian legislation. It is necessary to implement effective mechanisms of monitoring, responsibility and incentives for subjects of construction activity, which will contribute to the reduction of the amount of waste and the development of the system of their processing. It is also important to continue researching new technologies for the disposal of construction waste and methods of reuse of materials, which will reduce the environmental footprint of the construction industry.

Identification and Characterization of Reclaimed and Underclaimed Mine Features Using Lidar and Temporal Remote Sensing Methods within the Coastal Plain Uranium Mining Region of Texas

We developed a spatiotemporal mapping approach utilizing multiple techniques for distinguishing and mapping known reclaimed mine sites from “unreclaimed” mine sites in a historic uranium mining district along the South Texas Coastal Plains. Lidar laser scanning penetrates the vegetation canopy to expose anthropogenic modifications to the landscape. The Lidar analysis (bare earth elevation surface, slope, topographic contours, topographic textures, and overland-flow hydrography) revealed mine features. Visual interpretation of Landsat imagery and time-series analysis augmented the Lidar analysis revealing the temporal life cycle of mining. The combination of bare earth texture with time-lapse and time-series analyses revealed areas of disturbance for reclaimed mines. The spatiotemporal mapping approach proved to be most useful in identifying and characterizing the known mine pit and pile features, reclamation status, and areas of disturbance due to mining. Two mine waste volume estimation methods resulted in a 21% difference indicating that although the approach helps to map mine features and areas of mining disturbance for the purposes of mine land inventory, additional information is needed to improve the estimation of buried mine waste at reclaimed mine sites.

Experimental evaluation of municipal solid waste air-gasification in a pilot-scale reciprocating moving-grate furnace

The increasing volume of municipal solid waste (MSW) worldwide presents significant environmental challenges, necessitating the development of efficient waste-to-energy (WtE) solutions. Among various thermochemical methods, gasification offers a promising approach for converting MSW into syngas, which can be utilized for energy generation. This study investigates the gasification characteristics of MSW in a pilot-scale reciprocating moving-grate furnace, focusing on the effect of key operating parameters such as equivalence ratio (ER), gasification temperature, and gasifying agent-staged ratio on gasification characteristics.Seven experimental schemes were tested with varying lower heating values (LHV) of MSW (ranging from 6.98 to 15.1 MJ/kg) and throughputs (ranging from 0.77 to 1.67 tons per day) to assess the adaptability and stability of the moving-grate system under different conditions. The results indicate that an ER between 0.6 and 0.7, a gasification temperature of 760 °C, and a gasifying agent-staged ratio of 7:3 are optimal for achieving a maximum energy conversion efficiency of 71.6 %. It was observed that the LHV of syngas decreases when the gasification temperature exceeds 850 °C due to increased oxidation of light hydrocarbons. Moreover, the study highlights the influence of grate moving speed on residence time and reaction completeness, which are critical for optimizing syngas yield and quality.The findings demonstrate that while the maximum energy conversion efficiency of the moving-grate system is lower than other reactor types, its lower capital and operating costs, due to the lack of dedicated feedstock pretreatment, make it a viable option for small-scale and pilot-scale applications. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing MSW gasification processes and underscores the potential of the moving-grate furnace for adaptable and cost-effective WtE applications. The novelty of this work lies in the comprehensive evaluation of the moving-grate gasification process under varied operating conditions, providing a foundation for future research on improving efficiency and reducing environmental impact in large-scale MSW management.

Uncollected Solid Waste Detection and Reporting Using Machine-learning and Geotagging

Uncollected solid waste has become an ever-growing threat to our livelihoods, posing many problems that span health risks, environmental pollution, and unpleasant aesthetics. Traditional methods of reporting uncollected solid waste have proven ineffective and we struggle to keep pace in addressing the growing volumes of waste. This study focused on developing a solid waste detection and reporting system based on machine learning and geotagging. The developed system sought to enable solid waste management entities to obtain verified solid waste reports and accurate location details of the uncollected waste instances. A ResNet model was trained on commonly used solid waste image datasets from online sources. The model achieved a provisional accuracy beforescore of seventy percent (70%) though this statistic can be improved by adjusting model parameters. A rapid iterative design approach was employed to facilitate the development of the crowdsourcing app. This enabled the researchers to swiftly build, evaluate, and refine functional prototypes of the system before finalization. The resulting system receives solid waste images together with their location data and verifies the correct image reports using the trained model, before finally visualizing the reports on a map. Overall, the system provides a platform for the general public to collaborate with solid waste management bodies in combatting uncollected solid waste. In the future, the system may be diversified to allow reporting other amenity issues besides uncollected solid waste.

Optimalisasi Program Permaculture Melalui Adaptasi dan Mitigasi Berbasis Kearifan Lokal di Kelurahan Rejowinangun Selatan

The southern district of Rejowingan in Magelang faces challenges like large dumpstores, poor water quality, floods, and rising food needs. Villagers are working with the Ormawa DPM KM PPK team to address these issues. The government launched the Climate Village Program to improve the region's climate and resilience to natural disasters. Permaculture principles can be applied to organic waste management through maggot cultivation, which reduces waste volume and supports sustainable agriculture. This combination of permaculture and maggot cultivation can be an effective and environmentally friendly model for addressing organic waste and ecosystem sustainability.

Polymer-Based Extracting Materials in the Green Recycling of Rare Earth Elements: A Review.

Rare earth elements (REEs) are becoming increasingly important in the development of modern and green energy technologies with the demand for REEs predicted to grow in the foreseeable future. The importance of REEs lies in their unique physiochemical properties, which cannot be reproduced using other elements. REEs are sourced through mining, with global exploration of additional commercially viable mining sites still ongoing. However, there is a growing need for recycling of REEs due to the current supply of REEs not matching the growing demand, the environmental impact of REE mining and processing (the so-called "balance problem"), and the generation of large volumes of harmful electronic waste (e-waste). Industrial REE processing is mainly carried out by hydrometallurgy processes, particularly solvent extraction (SX) and ion exchange (IX) technologies. However, these methods have a significant environmental impact due to their intensive use of harmful and nonsustainable reagents. This Review highlights the development of approaches involving polymer-based extracting materials for REE manufacturing as more sustainable alternatives to current industrial REE processing methods. These materials include supported liquid membranes (SLMs), solvent impregnated resins (SIRs), macro and micro capsules, polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs), and micro polymer inclusion beads (μPIBs). Polymer-based extracting materials have the advantage of more economical regent usage while applying the same extractants used in commercial SX, enabling applications analogous to the current industrial process. These materials can be fabricated by a variety of methods in a diverse range of physical formats, with the advantages and disadvantages of each material type described and discussed in this Review along with their applications to REE processing, including e-waste recycling and mineral processing.

Regeneration of conventional and emerging PFAS-selective anion exchange resins used to treat PFAS-contaminated waters

Anion exchange resins (AERs) have emerged as a promising separation technology to remediate PFAS-contaminated waters due to their improved selectivities and capacities in comparison to legacy activated carbon adsorbents. Presently, site managers choose between AER systems employing resins defined as being ‘regenerable’ with relatively low PFAS selectivity, and PFAS-selective resins that are marketed as ‘single-use’ media intended for disposal upon PFAS breakthrough. However, the potential for these highly-selective adsorbents to be regenerated and/or reused remains poorly characterized. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy of various regenerant solution constituents, mixtures, and operational considerations on the regenerability of both ‘regenerable’ and ‘PFAS-selective’ AERs that were loaded during a pilot treatment study of PFAS-contaminated groundwater. Batch screening of regenerant solution constituents found that both classes of resins may be effectively regenerated using combinations of salt brine and organic cosolvent, with high cosolvent fractions being necessary for PFAS-selective AERs. While neither brine-only nor solvent-only regenerant solutions led to effective PFAS desorption, the efficacy of regeneration with brine/cosolvent mixtures varied with salt type and cosolvent composition. Chloride salts outperformed sulfate and bicarbonate salts, cosolvent efficacy depended on the volume fraction and type used, and highly non-polar solutions led to optimal PFAS desorption. Continuous-flow regeneration experiments showed near-complete PFAS desorption from regenerable AERs using 10 bed volumes (BVs) of 70 % methanolic brine solutions, whereas PFAS-selective resins required more bed volumes (30) of brines with higher methanol content (90 %) or a more hydrophobic cosolvent (n-propanol); increasing regenerant empty-bed contact time had minimal effect on PFAS desorption. > 90 % methanol recovery from the resulting waste regenerant mixtures was accomplished with negligible PFAS contamination using distillation, leaving a minimal volume of a PFAS-concentrated still bottoms waste that may be further treated for PFAS destruction. Life cycle analyses revealed that groundwater treatment using PFAS-selective AERs operated in a regenerable mode have lower environmental impacts and costs than systems using conventional regenerable AERs, and lower treatment costs than systems operated using PFAS-selective resins in a single-use mode. Although counterintuitive, these findings stem from the fact that higher cosolvent requirements for regeneration of PFAS-selective resins lead to greater internal recycling of regenerant solutions and much lower volumes of residual waste still bottoms that require off-site incineration or disposal.

CONSTRUCTION WASTE RECYCLING ORGANIZATION

The purpose of the article is to study the global experience of organizing the collection and processing of construction and demolition waste for their reuse in construction, to determine the possibility of applying positive practices in Ukraine. In the EU, construction waste makes up more than a third of all generated waste. The components of construction and demolition waste have different resource values, but can still be easily recycled into new products or materials. The level of recycling and disposal of waste varies significantly in EU countries, ranging from less than 10% to more than 90%. With the economic development of the country, the volume of waste increases. The main obstacles that hindered the development of sustainable waste management, for example in Germany, are the lack of nationwide regulation of secondary construction materials; lack of economic incentives, when primary raw materials are presented in large quantities in most regions of Germany, and therefore they are relatively cheap compared to secondary raw materials; sanctions for violators of waste management rules are too low and not applied regularly. Ways to ensure the need to process construction waste can be the determination at the legislative level of the volume of construction waste depending on the area of the building where construction work is performed, or the cost of construction work; establishment of a direct requirement for the use of a certain percentage of products from recycled construction waste in new construction or a direct ban on landfills for construction and demolition waste that can be processed for reuse. Economic incentives, such as tax breaks or subsidies, as well as additional taxes on the use of non-recycled materials, are used to encourage companies to use secondary materials and reduce waste. The Waste Framework Directive, adopted in 2008, aims to prevent or reduce waste generation in order to transition to a circular economy and guarantee the EU's long-term competitiveness.

Сharacteristics of demolition waste management in the regions of Ukraine

The volume of waste left from war-related destruction amounts to 10-12 million tons per year. Such volume is comparable to the annual volume of municipal solid waste generated in Ukraine. This situation led to formation of unauthorized landfills and complicated the existing problem of industrial, consumer, construction and demolition waste management. Consequently, the issue of destruction waste management became a pressing environmental and socio-economic problem. The objective of this research is to assess the characteristics of destruction waste management in the regions of Ukraine. Destruction waste is generated during construction of new buildings and public structures, as well as during renovation or demolition of existing buildings and structures; including general-use facilities. It is estimated that, before the war, nearly 7 million tons of construction and demolition waste was generated annually, with more than 50% being transported to municipal solid waste landfills. Specialized landfills for its disposal were virtually non-existent in the regions of Ukraine, so this waste, despite its resource value, was taken to municipal solid waste landfills or unauthorized dumps. Some components of construction and demolition waste are toxic. Destruction waste includes parts (fragments) of damaged (destroyed) objects, as well as materials and items that were inside or next to such objects at the time of damage (destruction) and/or during disassembly activities, including those that fully or partially lost their consumer properties and cannot be reused at the place of their origin or discovery. Destruction waste pollutes the environment, so one of the ways to reduce environmental risks is to develop an effective waste management system to stop chaotic processes during disassembly activities. Destruction waste differs from construction and demolition waste by the presence of accompanying hazardous components, complicating the development of a waste management system. The main components of destruction waste should be used as secondary raw materials for construction, production of building materials and other purposes. Provided that appropriate physical-geographic, engineering-geological, hydrogeological, technical, and socio-economic conditions are available, it is advisable to create temporary waste storage sites, with their subsequent use as secondary raw materials in the post-war period for restoration of civil, industrial, and transport infrastructure in the regions of Ukraine.

Effect of Granite Fly Ash on Mechanical Properties of Basalt and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite

The granite processing industry generates a substantial volume of residual granite waste daily. This residue is collected through a filtration process during the drying and heating stages of concrete mixture production. Utilizing this residue, known as granite fly ash (GD), offers a promising avenue for mitigating adverse effects due to this waste material. The present study undertakes an experimental investigation into the potential utilization of granite fly ash as a filler to enhance the mechanical properties of basalt/glass composites (BFRC/GFRC). The research focuses on assessing the density and tensile characteristics of the developed fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Composite samples were fabricated by incorporating GD at varying loadings, i.e., 1 wt.%, 3 wt.%, and 5 wt.%. The FRP laminates were produced using hand lay-up and vacuum silicon mold curing techniques. The outcomes show a slight increase in density, in which a maximum of 7% increment at 5 wt% of GD in BFRC. Meanwhile, tensile properties displayedsignificant enhancements, especially FRP with 3 wt.% GD content, for both BFRC and GFRC. Notably, the addition of 1 wt.% GD resulted in a 9% increase in tensile strength and a substantial 27% increase in modulus for the BFRC composite. In summary, the study underscores the advantageous influence of GD incorporation, particularly within the 1 wt.%, 3 wt.%, and 5 wt.%, on the mechanical properties of both BFRC and GFRC composites.

Recycled Jute Non-Woven Material Coated with Polyaniline/TiO2 Nanocomposite for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Water.

Growing volumes of textile waste and heavy metal pollution of water are emerging environmental challenges. In an attempt to tackle these issues, a non-woven sorbent based on jute fibers was fabricated by recycling the textile waste from the carpet industry. The influence of contact time, concentration, pH and temperature on the sorption of lead and copper ions from aqueous solutions was studied. In order to enhance the sorption capacity of the non-woven material, in situ synthesis of polyaniline (PANI) in the presence of TiO2 nanostructures was performed. The contribution of TiO2 nanoparticles and TiO2 nanotubes to the uniformity of PANI coating and overall sorption behavior was compared. Electrokinetic measurements indicated increased swelling of modified fibers. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy revealed the formation of the emeraldine base form of PANI. FESEM confirmed the creation of the uniform nanocomposite coating over jute fibers. The modification with PANI/TiO2 nanocomposite resulted in a more than 3-fold greater sorption capacity of the material for lead ions, and a 2-fold greater absorption capacity for copper ions independently of applied TiO2 nanostructure. The participation of both TiO2 nanostructures in PANI synthesis resulted in excellent cover of jute fibers, but the form of TiO2 had a negligible effect on metal ion uptake.

Penguatan Ekonomi Masyarakat Desa Melalui Pembuatan Pupuk Kompos Organik di Desa Sudipayung

Sudipayung Village, Ngampel District, Kendal Regency, is an area with a growing agricultural sector, particularly in rice and tobacco production. The need for fertilizers that support agriculture is crucial, while household waste management has become a significant issue. This article discusses training on making organic compost as an effort to improve the community's economy through the management of organic waste. The training, which involves members of the local women's group (PKK), uses a simple decomposition method with ingredients such as shrimp paste and palm sugar as substitutes for EM-4. The resulting compost helps improve soil fertility, reduce dependency on chemical fertilizers, and create a greener and healthier environment. Additionally, this program contributes to reducing the volume of waste sent to the final disposal site (TPA), thus supporting environmental cleanliness. This training provides a double positive impact: increasing community knowledge about recycling waste and offering economic opportunities through the production of organic fertilizers.

The Environmental Footprint of Available Food Waste in Young Households: A Diary Case Study of Schleswig-Holstein (Germany)

As households contribute significantly to food waste, it can be assumed that they bear considerable responsibility for the environmental footprint of it. In Germany, household food waste comprises over half of all food loss and waste, with a notable share attributable to young people. To explore their environmental footprint, data from fifty young households in Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany, is analyzed using the Food Loss and Waste Value Calculator with an integrated life cycle assessment. We evaluate the environmental footprint of animal and plant food waste across five categories: climate change, water scarcity footprint, soil quality index, phosphorus and nitrogen eutrophication. Surprisingly, animal food waste, though representing only 18% of the total volume of all available food waste in our study, exhibits a more substantial impact in all categories except water scarcity. Specifically, animal food waste is found to be an important factor in soil degradation. Our results generally indicate an inverse relationship between the volume of animal-based and plant-based food waste in young households and its environmental footprint. However, the case study highlights a troubling connection between plant food waste and significant water scarcity issues in European agriculture.