Volume Of IOP Conference Series Research Articles

The Preface: IICESSD 2023

On behalf of the conference committee, I would like to extend my warmest welcome to all of the attendees to our 3rd International Interdisciplinary Conference on Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development (IICESSD 2023) which was held on 25-26 September 2023 at Best Western Plus Coco Hotel, Palu, Indonesia in a hybrid format. The conference theme is “Towards networking for the environment and sustainable development issues in the digital era“. The objective of the conference is to share knowledge and research network between institutions nationally and internationally. The participants attend from Australia and Asia as the representatives of the lecturers, students, and researchers. The keynote speakers were Prof. Dr. Ir. Amar, M.T (Rector of Tadulako University), Prof. Tim Robert (Newcastle University), Prof Sukree Langputeh (Fatoni University Thailand), Prof. Roseline A Saufi (University Malaysia Kelantan), Dr. Albertus Denny Handoko (STAR A Singapore), and Dr John Holdsworth (Newcastle University) who sharing their valuable insight of promoting networking on environmental and sustainable development concerns. Our technical program was rich and varied with 6 keynote speakers and around 70 technical papers split between 4 parallel oral sessions each day: (1) Agriculture and forestry for the environment and sustainable development; (2) Health for the environment and sustainable development; (3) Engineering science for environment and sustainable development; and (4) Green economy, entrepreneurship and good governance for sustainable development. The conference of IICESSD 2023 was organized and sponsored by the Postgraduate Universitas Tadulako, Palu Indonesia as well as the local organizing committee members who have all worked extremely hard on the details of important aspects of the conference programs and social activities. Special thanks go to the IOP Publishing EES that agreed with the works of this proceeding conference in an open-access volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Prof. Daud K. Walanda, IICESSD 2023 Chair List of Organizing and Scientific Committee, Secretariat committee, Accomodation/venue committee, Publication committee, Programme committee, Technical committee, List of Editors, List of Reviewers are available in this Pdf.

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering have been peer-reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Single Anonymous• Conference submission management system: The CVENT submission management system and Morressier• Number of full paper submissions received: 59• Number of full paper submissions sent for review: 59• Number of submissions accepted: 52• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 88.13%• Average number of reviews per paper: 2• Total number of reviewers involved: 37Contact persons for queries:Name: Bernard RolfeEmail: Bernard.Rolfe@deakin.edu.auAffiliation: Deakin University, AustraliaName: Matthias WeissEmail: Matthias.Weiss@deakin.edu.auAffiliation: Deakin University, AustraliaName: Peng (Neo) ZhangEmail: Peng.Neo.Zhang@deakin.edu.auAffiliation: Deakin University, AustraliaName: Jeong Whan YoonEmail: j.yoon@kaist.ac.krAffiliation: KAIST, South Korea / Deakin University, Australia

Peer review declaration

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Double Anonymous• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 82• Number of submissions sent for review: 75• Number of submissions accepted:38• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 46.3%• Average number of reviews per paper: 2• Total number of reviewers involved: 71• Contact person for queries: Viktor KovalIzmail State University of Humanities, Ukrainevictor-koval@ukr.net

Peer review declaration

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. Type of peer-: Double-blindWe use a double-blind type of peer review process. The author and reviewer identities are hidden to each other. The papers that pass the plagiarism check, then proceed to review process. Review process was conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. Our reviewers are the eminent experts, prominent scientists and researchers. We use a double-blind type of peer-review process. We provide reviewers an article grading form for each paper. The article grading form contains general comments and also specific suggestions and feedbacks for each section in the paper. The reviewer also asked to make a decision regarding the feasibility of publishing a paper along with the scientific reason behind it, such as substance suitability and data eligibility. Articles will not be processed further, if the results of the review state that the article is not eligible with the reviewer's notes on the assessment form. We send the paper to the reviewer, for one until two weeks, to be reviewed. Then, we forwarded the results of the review to the author so that it could be improved according to the suggestions and notes of the reviewer. Next, we sent the results of the improvements from the authors back to the reviewers to be followed up, whether they have been well elaborated or still need improvement. When the revised paper still needed some improvement, the steps repeated until the reviewer verified that the article is feasible and ready to be processed to the final stage by the editor (layout and proofread). Conference submission management system: All the ISOSS 2022 papers were processed by MORRESSIER system and also by personal message between committees and authors. Number of submissions received: 82 Number of submissions sent for review: 77 Number of submissions accepted: 68 Acceptance Rate: 82,93% Average number of reviews per paper: 2 Total number of reviewers involved: 63 reviewers Any additional info on review process: We only accepted paper that has a plagiarism value below 20% exclude bibliography. Contact person for queries: Dr. Beginer SubhanE-mail: beginersubhan@apps.ipb.ac.idDepartment of Marine Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, IndonesiaPhone: +62 812 8347 579

Preface

Peer review statement We are the editorial board of the 2nd International Scientific Conference of Water- 2023 (ISCW-2023) declared that all papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing, and accepted based on the reviewers’ comments in the double-blind peer review process. Each referee’s report was judged by at least one editor, to give the final decision. PREFACE: 2nd International Scientific Conference of Water- 2023 (ISCW-2023) The ISCW-2023 conference intends to bring together junior and senior, international and national researchers, scientists and scholars interesting in the field of water harvesting and desertification combat. We think the conference will offer an excellent opportunity for networking with other members and exchange knowledge and explore the most recent developments in the sustainable development of water resources and ecosystems, management of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions, modern techniques for water harvesting and conserving in dry regions, in addition to water quality and biodiversity. ISCW-2023 is a prestigious event organized by the Center of Upper Euphrates Basin Development, University of Anbar, with a motivation to provide an excellent international platform for academicians, researchers, engineers, industrial participants and budding students around the world to share their research results with the global experts. We cordially invited participants from all over the world who wish to share their best practices and research findings in ISCW-2023 and enlighten their new ideas to make this event growing from strength to strength.Participants will be offered the opportunity to contribute to the conference in various roles: they can discuss keynotes, produce a poster presentation and submit full research or review articles. Articles submitted to the conference should report original high-quality and previously unpublished results. Submission of a manuscript implies that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. All submitted articles will be subjected to a double-blind peer-review process. Novelty, relevancy, language standards, references, and many other factors are considered for the evaluation process. The conference nominated Prof. Nadhir Al-Ansari (Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Arab Open Academy in Denmark), Prof. Dr. Cj (Coen) (Ristsema Chairholder Soil Physics and Land Management, Washington University & Research), and Dr. Mohamed Ouessar (Applied Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Eremology and Combating Desertification, Arid Zone Research Institute) as keynote speakers. ISCW-2023 will be held basically via physical attendance (In-person) for two days 15th - 16th March 2023 in Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq. Each participant will be given approximately 10 minutes to view the most important findings of his/her research, and 5 minutes to discuss these results. Sincerely yours, Prof. Dr. Ayoob Obaid Alfalahi Department of Plant Protection College of Agriculture / University of Anbar / Anbar / IRAQ Editor-in-chief /ISCW-2023 List of Committees (ISCW-2023) are available in the pdf.

Peer review declaration

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science are thoroughly peer reviewed, according to the established rules and regulations by the publisher. The process of peer review is administered and monitored by the Editors. All reviews were performed by experts, following the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal, published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Single-blind, by at least two reviewers.• Conference submission management system: “Morressier”, www.morressier.com• Number of submissions received: 26• Number of submissions sent for review: 26• Number of submissions accepted: 20• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 76.92%• Average number of reviews per paper: 2• Total number of reviewers involved: 22 persons• Any additional info on review process: The reviews are based on the following criteria: Assessment of the Contribution of the Submission, Technical Criteria, Quality Criteria, Presentation Criteria, Reviewer’s Overall Evaluation. All submissions have been checked for antiplagiarism, by the Morressier’s bult-in “Turnitin” module.• Contact person for queries: Name: assoc. prof. Angel Terziev, PhD Affiliation: Faculty of Power Engineering and Power Machines at the Technical University of Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail: conference@copepm.eu Webpage: www.copepm.eu

Peer review declaration

Peer Review Declaration Form Guidance On the following page you will find the declaration form.• Please answer each question.• You should submit the form along with the rest of your submission files.• The deadline is the submission date written in your publishing agreement. All conference organisers/editors are required to declare details about their peer review. We will publish the information you provide as part of your proceedings. All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Single-blind • Conference submission management system: EasyChair • Number of submissions received: 75 • Number of submissions sent for review: 54 • Number of submissions accepted: 48 • Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 48 / 75 X 100 = 64 • Average number of reviews per paper: 2 • Total number of reviewers involved: 9 • Any additional info on review process: Each reviewer received 10-18 papers (according to the acceptance and suitability of the reviewer's expertise) The peer review process was conducted for 4 weeks (20 July to 16 August 2022) • Contact person for queries: Name : Dr. Eng. Obie FarobieAffiliation: IPB University, IndonesiaEmail: obiefarobie@apps.ipb.ac.id

Peer review declaration

Peer Review Declaration Form Guidance On the following page you will find the declaration form.• Please answer each question.• You should submit the form along with the rest of your submission files.• The deadline is the submission date written in your publishing agreement.All conference organisers/editors are required to declare details about their peer review.We will publish the information you provide as part of your proceedings.All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Single-blind / Double-blind / Triple-blind / Open / Other (please describe): Single-blind: authors' identities are known to the reviewers, but the reviewers' identities are hidden from the authors.• Conference submission management system: Full paper submission was fully managed by the editorial board of the Conference. The steps of the editorial process are as follows:1. The abstracts were submitted by the participants through the online system which was available on the conference web page. https://science.adamasuniversity.ac.in/gsdeo2021/.2. The submitted abstracts were then reviewed by the editorial team of the conference.3. The authors of the selected abstracts were asked to modify and resubmit their abstracts following the reviewer’s comments.4. Updated abstracts were received from the authors.5. The authors of the selected abstracts presented their research at the conference.6. After the conference, the notification of full paper submission was sent to the authors who attended and presented their research activities during the conference.7. The full papers were submitted by the authors through the conference email gsdeo2021@adamasuniversity.ac.in8. The submitted full papers were then collected by the editorial team for review regarding the quality, format, language, plagiarism etc.9. Based on the quality of the papers, the editorial board selected some papers for the review process.10. Each paper (selected by the editors in the previous step) was sent to two reviewers (1st and 2nd) based on the topic of the paper and the reviewer’s competency.11. After the first review process, a full paper acceptance email was sent to the authors of those submissions only, which passed the first review and were accepted by the reviewers and editors.12. The reviewer’s comments were sent to the authors and the authors were asked to modify and resubmit their papers following the reviewer’s comments.13. After receiving the modified papers, each paper was then assigned to a 3rd reviewer to check the modification done by the authors and for further evaluation.14. The comments of the third reviewer were then sent to the authors and the authors were again asked to modify and resubmit their papers following the reviewer’s comments.15. After receiving the updated version of the papers, each paper was then assigned to one editor for final format checking.16. After receiving the final formatted papers from the editors, the chief editor then again checked the formats of the papers and did necessary modifications to make the papers camera ready.17. The camera-ready papers along with the supporting documents were then submitted to IOP for publication.• Number of submissions received: 44 • Number of submissions sent for review: 25 • Number of submissions accepted: 17 • Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 38.64% • Average number of reviews per paper: 3 • Total number of reviewers involved: 9 • Any additional info on review process: NA • Contact person for queries: Name : Dr. Tuhin BhadraAffiliation: Department of Geography, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Adamas University, KolkataEmail: tuhin.bhadra@adamasuniversity.ac.in, tuhinbhadra.au@gmail.com

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing• Type of peer review: Single Anonymous• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 94• Number of submissions sent for review: 91• Number of submissions accepted: 66• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 70.21 %• Average number of reviews per paper: 3.76• Total number of reviewers involved: 34• Contact person for queries: Dr. Charles P.H. SimanjuntakFaculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences-IPB University, IndonesiaE-mail: charles_phs@apps.ipb.ac.id

Peer review declaration

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science are thoroughly peer reviewed, according to the established rules and regulations by the publisher. The process of peer review is administered and monitored by the Editors. All reviews were performed by experts, following the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal, published by IOP Publishing. Type of peer review: Single-blind, by at least two reviewers. Conference submission management system: “Morressier”, www.morressier.com Number of submissions received: 53 Number of submissions sent for review: 46 Number of submissions accepted: 29 Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received × 100): 54.71% Average number of reviews per paper: 2 Total number of reviewers involved: 29 persons Any additional info on review process: The reviews are based on the following criteria: Assessment of the Contribution of the Submission, Technical Criteria, Quality Criteria, Presentation Criteria, Reviewer’s Overall Evaluation. All submissions have been checked for antiplagiarism, by the Morressier’s bult-in “Turnitin” module. Contact person for queries: Name: assoc. prof. Angel Terziev, PhD Affiliation: Faculty of Power Engineering and Power Machines at the Technical University of Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail: conference@copepm.eu Webpage: www.copepm.eu

Peer review declaration

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Double Anonymous• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 66• Number of submissions sent for review: 64• Number of submissions accepted: 38• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received × 100): 57.5%• Average number of reviews per paper: 2• Total number of reviewers involved: 51• Contact person for queries:Viktor KovalIzmail State University of Humanities, Ukrainevictor-koval@ukr.net

Peer review declaration

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Single-blind / Double-blind / Triple-blind / Open / Other Papers received by PZTE committee were double-blindly reviewed by the researchers suggested by the members of scientific committee of the conference who have expertise in related conference topics.• Conference submission management system: Polish Society of Electromagnetism promotes the conference using the website www.sympozjum.ptze.pl Authors firstly sent the abstract of the papers via email and after acceptation they sent the full length papers. Then the process of revision began. All papers was peer-reviewed by two reviewers’. The communication between authors and editors was by email. All papers were submitted after the review process also using email.• Number of submissions received: 142• Number of submissions sent for review: 82• Number of submissions accepted: 29• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received × 100): 29/82 = 35%.• Average number of reviews per paper: 1.45• Total number of reviewers involved: 15 persons• Any additional info on review process: All papers have been improved according the suggestions of the reviewers. On the website of the Journal of Physics there are two different templates how prepare the manuscript. Some authors prepared their paper using the wrong template.• Contact person for queries: Ewa Korzeniewska (ewakorz@matel.p.lodz.pl or ewa.korzeniewska@p.lodz.pl)

Peer review declaration

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Single-blind / Double-blind / Triple-blind / Open / Other (please describe) Double-blind• Conference submission management system: The websites: http://igeos.event.upi.edu/managed by http://dit-tik.upi.edu/The participants have their own account at the system with register first at:http://igeos.event.upi.edu/register• Number of submissions received: 348 Registrant249 183 papers• Number of submissions sent for review: 249 183 papers• Number of submissions accepted: 177 abstracts91 papers• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): s: 71,08 %Papers: 49.7 %• Average number of reviews per paper: 11 papers• Total number of reviewers involved: 24 persons• Any additional info on review process: • Contact person for queries: Name : Dr. Nandi (Editor in Chief of IGEOS)Affiliation: Universitas Pendidikan IndonesiaEmail : nandi@upi.edu

Peer Review Declaration

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.1. Type of peer review:Articles of ICRMBEE 2021 were reviewed using the double-blind review by which a reviewer could not know the name of the authors of an article, in vice-versa. An author submitted their article through Easychair of ICRMBEE 2021 then an editor reviewed the suitability of the article to the conference topic. The editor sent the selected article via Easychair or email to a reviewer to examine the content of the article. The reviewer conveyed his/her recommendation through Easychair or email to the editor and the latter subsequently made the decision. The article that required revision was sent to the author for revising as suggested by the reviewer. The revised version was re-uploaded by the author and rechecked by the editor and subject to a plagiarism check and a language and proofreading check. Finally, the accepted article was prepared for layout.2. Conference submission management system:a) Easychair (https://easychair.org/conferences/?conf=icrmbee2021)i. Number of submissions received: 114ii. Number of submissions sent for review: 114iii. Number of submissions accepted: 101 (including 2 voluntarily withdraw)iv. Acceptance rate (accepted/received × 100): 101/114 × 100=88.6%v. Average number of reviewers per paper: 2 reviewers per papervi. Total number of reviewers involved: 126vii. Any additional info on review process (plagiarism check system): Turnitin (similarity index)b) Morressier (https://www.morressier.com)i. Number of submissions sent: 99ii. Number of submissions accepted: 88 (including 1 voluntarily withdraw)iii. Acceptance rate (accepted/sent × 100): 88/99 × 100=88.9%3. Contact person for queries (full name, affiliation, institutional email address)Dr. Che Bon AhmadFaculty of Architecture Planning and SurveyingUniversiti Teknologi MARA 40450 Shah Alam Selangor Malaysiachebon848@uitm.edu.my

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Single anonymous • Conference submission management system: Direct submission via official email address by form. • Number of submissions received: 68 • Number of submissions sent for review: 44 • Number of submissions accepted: 34 • Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): (34/68 x 100 = 50%) • Average number of reviews per paper: 1 • Total number of reviewers involved: 14 • Any additional info on review process: plagiarism check by Turnitin and proofreading by Grammarly • Contact person for queries: Name: Dr.-Ing, Santy Paulla Dewi, ST, MT Email: icudep@live.undip.ac.id Affiliation: Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang

Peer review declaration

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editor. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Single-blind• Describe criteria used by Reviewers when accepting/declining papers. Was there the opportunity to resubmit articles after revisions? Reviewers of CITES-2021 considered the following vital points in the assessment process:A- Technical Criteria (such as scientific merits and adequacy of discussion)B- Quality Criteria (such as the scientific interest of the results and the ratio of length and importance of the idea)C- Presentation Criteria (quality of figures/tables and conclusions)One opportunity was given to the authors to address reviewers’ comments and corrections.• Conference submission management system: Direct submission via official email address.• Number of submissions received: 23 papers• Number of submissions sent for review: 23 papers• Number of submissions accepted: 15 papers• Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 65.2%• The average number of reviews per paper: 1 reviewer• Total number of reviewers involved: 23 reviewers• Any additional info on the review process (i.e. plagiarism check system): All papers were checked using Crossref similarity check; papers with a more than 25% similarity percentage were rejected.The reviewers checked the quality of the submitted papers, including the contribution to the knowledge, the importance of the idea, adequacy of discussion, quality of figures and tables, and the conclusions. After the reviewing process, one opportunity was given to the authors to address reviewers’ comments and corrections.• Contact person for queries: Prof. Evgeny Gordov Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems SB RAS, E-mail: gordov@scert.ru

Preface

ITB International Geothermal Workshop (IIGW) is an annual event organized by Prodi Teknik Geotermal, Fakultas Teknik Pertambangan dan Perminyakan (FTTM), ITB. The workshop celebrated its 10th anniversary this year. It was held on July 26-29, 2021 and 25th September 2021 on an online basis through live virtual workshop (Webinar) via Zoom and YouTube. It was followed by more than 1527 participants from many different aspects of geothermal community, such as academia, industries, and government. This year’s theme is “Synergy for Energy Transition: The Role of Geothermal Energy in Energy Transition”, focusing more on Prospecting and Utilization of Geothermal Energy and collaborating Indonesia Geothermal Stakeholders by inviting speakers from various aspects in geothermal energy.The objective of the workshop was to improve community understanding toward geothermal energy is a part of renewable energy. This conference also discusses the latest condition of geothermal energy and other renewable energy in Indonesia and to draw attention from scientist, engineers, including academicians, industrial stakeholders, and also geothermal leaders about the initiatives, strategies, opportunities, and challenges toward geothermal development in Indonesia, and to show the commitment to the nation in achieving its 7200 MWe installed capacity in 2025.Participant’s benefit is exchanges of view, knowledges and experiences on latest technologies and researches by bringing together scientists, engineers, academicians, experts, and industrial stakeholders involved in geothermal and other renewable energy studies and developments.As part of this year commitment, selected papers are published as open access volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Other papers are published in the conference proceeding in print version. We hope wider geothermal communities will gain the same benefits as our conference attendees.We would like to thank all the supports that have been given by LPPM ITB, Geothermal Technology Magister Program Staff, and all chairpersons, authors, presenters, paper reviewers and all Webinar sponsors for assistance and cooperation in support of this event.SincerelyDr. Eng. SuryantiniChairperson of the ITB International Geothermal Workshop (IIGW) 2021List of titles CONFERENCE DETAILS, COMMITTEE, Synergy for Energy Transition: The Role of Geothermal Energi Transition, KEYNOTE SPEAKERS, SPONSORED BY, ENDORSED BY, SUPPORTED BY, MEDIA PARTNER are available in the pdf

Peer Review Declaration Form Guidance

On the following page you will find the declaration form. • Please answer each question. • You should submit the form along with the rest of your submission files. • The deadline is the submission date written in your publishing agreement. All conference organisers/editors are required to declare details about their peer review. We will publish the information you provide as part of your proceedings. All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.

Peer Review Declaration

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the proceedings Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. Type of peer review: Our conference opted the single-blind review. All submitted full papers were peer-reviewed by one reviewer. The acceptance of a paper was granted if the paper has positive recommendation from the reviewer. The criteria were based on the quality of data, quality of interpretation and conclusions, extent to which the interpretation/conclusions are supported by data, importance of the work, organization of the paper, clarity of the paper using correct grammar and syntax, title whether informative and reflects the content of the paper, usefulness and necessity of the tables/illustrations, quality of tables/illustration, relevancy and recentness of the references, and the overall quality of the work. Finally, the reviewer will decide whether the paper is acceptable in its form or acceptable with either minor or major corrections. Conference submission management system: Our conference has a technical committee for the management of conference papers. Authors send their papers to Conference E-mail (http://estcon.utp.edu.my/icer/) and the committee will evaluate the suitability after which the committee will channel the paper according to the conference tracks. Number of submissions received: Initially, our conference expected to receive about 120 papers but due to the Covid-19 issue and the conference being held virtually, we only received 68 papers. Number of submissions sent for review: Only 52 papers were sent for reviewed. Some papers from the oil and gas company cannot be published due to confidentiality while some authors decline as they managed to have their papers published by other journals. Our conference was delayed for about a year. Number of submissions accepted: One author did not response to the recommendations by the reviewer thus was not included for publication thus only 51 papers submitted to the publisher for publication. However, 4 papers were rejected by the publisher due to similarity thus only 47 papers were accepted for publication. Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): The acceptance rate is 69%. Average number of reviews per paper: From the submission stage to acceptance followed by reviewing and after recommendation, a paper can be said to be reviewed three times. Total number of reviewers involved: Ten reviewers were involved in the reviewing of the papers which include mostly internal with a few from other universities. Any additional info on review process: Paper received by the committee was forwarded to the reviewer for a blind review. The results were return to the author to be revised according to the reviewer suggestions. Then, the author sent the final paper to the committee through email. The committee also take the initiative to correct the grammar for some papers. Contact person for queries: Name : Mohd Suhaili IsmailAffiliation: Universiti Teknologi PETRONASEmail : suhaili.ismail@utp.edu.my

Peer review declaration

All papers published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Double-blind review process • Describe criteria used by Reviewers when accepting/declining papers. Was there the opportunity to resubmit articles after revisions? Acceptance/rejection’s recommendations by the reviewers were based on the mode of presentation and scientific/technical approach used in each paper. It was also based on the ability of the author(s) to revise their submitted papers based on the reviewer’s comments or by providing reasonable rebuttals to the comments raised by the reviewers. • Conference submission management system: All papers were submitted via our email channel (icssd2021@covenantuniversity.edu.ng) • Number of submissions received: 57 • Number of submissions sent for review: 51 • Number of submissions accepted: 27 • Acceptance Rate (Number of Submissions Accepted / Number of Submissions Received X 100): 47.4% • Average number of reviews per paper: 2 • Total number of reviewers involved: 43 • Any additional info on review process (ie plagiarism check system): The plagiarism of each paper was checked by Turnitin • Contact person for queries: Name: Theophilus Aanuoluwa Adagunodo, Ph.D Affiliation: Department of Physics, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria Email: theophilus.adagunodo@covenantuniversity.edu.ng