Volume Of Investment Research Articles

Filling a financial gap in SDG3 achievement: Investments vs. budget funds

This paper delves into the challenge of financing Sustainable Development Goal 3 “Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages” (SDG 3). Despite its ambitious nature, the achievement of this goal has been hindered by a substantial lack of funding. The study aims to investigate potential sources to bridge the investment gap in SDG 3, analyzing data from 28 European countries. This includes factors such as the index and progress in sustainable development, sources of investment resources, and healthcare costs for 2020. Logit and probit regression models are employed for the analysis. The results indicate the absence of a statistically significant relationship between the volume of investments from the state, businesses, and households of countries and their level of SDG 3 achievement. However, an interesting finding emerges regarding healthcare expenditures under state insurance programs among European countries, which show a greater extent of progress in achieving SDGs compared to voluntary insurance programs. The paper emphasizes the importance of a balanced approach that uses multiple funding sources and the need for focused policies and partnerships to mobilize resources to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. AcknowledgmentAlex Plastun gratefully acknowledges support from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (№ 0121U113830).

Assessment of the investment attractiveness of the cloud technologies industry

The cloud technology industry is one of the fundamentally important industries today, occupying an important place in the context of digital transformation due to the colossal increase in information. The process of digital transformation began not so long ago, but it has already become obvious that cloud computing has become a key factor in the rapid implementation of innovations in local and international markets. Increasing competition in the digital field forces international and local enterprises to take unprecedented steps to collect and analyze large amounts of data that users leave in the Internet space. This is what drives cloud providers to make huge capital investments in hardware and human capital.The purpose of the study is to analyze the current state of the cloud technology industry for making an investment decision. The article reveals the economic potential of the cloud technology industry, providing highlighted the key benefits of cloud computing that are accelerating the adoption rate of the technology and identified the major key players that make up the majority of the market. According to the results of the study, it was found that the most attractive country for investments in the field of cloud technologies is the USA, which, according to the criterion of the volume of investments in the industry, occupies a leading position, having a wide list of cloud service providers. Among the analyzed companies, in the context of the search for the optimal enterprise for investment, it was determined that Microsoft Corporation has the highest profitability ratios among existing enterprises in the industry, and financial risks are at a moderate level. During the implementation of the discounted cash flow model, it was found that the company’s shares have a stable growth potential. Based on the results of the study, it is proposed to combine two approaches to the analysis of existing alternative technologies for storing and processing large databases, identifying the nature of key financial risks and their negative impact on determining the final fair value of a share.
 JEL classіfіcatіon: G11, G24

The influence of foreign direct investments on the economic development of South Caucasus countries

A nation's pace of economic growth in the South Caucasus region is directly influenced by the volume of foreign direct investment (FDI) it gets. This research project examines the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth and stability, with a focus on the three nations of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. This research seeks to understand three important aspects: the trends in FDI influx; the industries that draw the highest concentrations of FDI; and the societal consequences of FDI. Examining these three crucial facets of the whole is the aim of this study. The goal of this study is to look at the trends in foreign direct investment (FDI), with an emphasis on the South Caucasus region's growing prominence as a desirable destination for financial investments. To achieve the objectives of this study, we will. Numerous various elements, such as its advantageous geographic position, an abundance of natural resources, and the formation of prospective markets, may be ascribed to its preeminence. The industries with the largest amounts of foreign direct investment (FDI) are also examined in this research, with an emphasis on the manufacturing, infrastructure, and energy sectors' critical roles in promoting economic growth. In this last section of the study, the socioeconomic effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) are examined. The creation of new job possibilities, the diffusion of recently produced technology, and the diversification of exports are some of these outcomes. One of the main topics of this conversation is how these effects contribute to raising the local quality of life and lowering the incidence of poverty. The aim of this research is to examine the many aspects of foreign direct investment (FDI) and how it affects the economic development of countries in the South Caucasus area of the globe. The purpose of this project is to provide useful information on the opportunities and challenges these nations face in their efforts to draw in and use foreign investments in order to achieve sustainable growth and prosperity. The data that will be offered will come from a range of sources, such as focus groups, questionnaires, and interviews.

Investments in the Regions as a Factor of Russia’s Economic Growth

Investing in the economy of the Russian Federation as a whole and in its regions in particular is a task of paramount importance because the well-being of both the state itself and its citizens will depend on its proper execution. This determines the relevance of the research topic. Investments in the regions are aimed at increasing the regional product and production volumes, mastering new activities, and developing the existing material and technical base. The subject of this study is the investment climate in certain Russian regions. The purpose of the study is to analyze investments in Russia and its individual regions and assess their dynamics, development trends and state policy to improve the investment climate. Investments in the regions will help eliminate the uneven development of the regions and turn depressed subjects into donor entities. The scientific novelty lies in the analysis of the investment climate of the Russian Federation and the factors influencing the volume of investments in the regions. The article presents the current state of the investment climate in the two regions of Russia. A modern interpretation of investments is given. Two regions of Russia — Kaluga and Kaliningrad — are considered as examples of actively developing investment regions. The prospects for investment activity and possible problems due to the imposed sanctions are noted. As part of the study, the authors used methods for analyzing statistical data and official documents. Based on the results of the analysis, it was revealed that despite the high investment potential of the regions, many economic indicators have a negative tendency. It was concluded that improving the investment climate as well as active state participation will allow Russia to achieve completely different results of economic growth in the long term.

Process Approach in Determining the Accounting Model and Quality Cost Analysis

Every year the requirements of consumers to the quality of products are steadily increasing and expanding. A company seeking to strengthen its position in a competitive market must constantly invest in quality. To determine the volume of investments, making strategic decisions, complete and reliable information on the costs of quality is required. The backbone of any organization is the business process, so the quality cost model should reflect the total costs of each process, not randomly selected quality costs. The process approach in the classification of quality costs allows raising hidden costs to the surface, which makes it possible to evaluate and optimize them. Since not all quality costs are obvious, this makes them difficult to accurately measure and quantify. There are also many areas where quality assurance activities and processes overlap. To determine the classification of quality costs based on a process approach, the article uses a typical process model of a quality management system for an automotive enterprise and an optimal quality model, also known as the Prevention-Assessment-Failure (PAF) model. This classification in the future will allow you to analyze and manage quality costs, and will also become a source of necessary information for making strategic decisions. Thus, with the help of this classification of costs, it is possible to achieve a balance between meeting the quality requirements of consumers and the costs incurred for this purpose. Also, the classification of quality costs presented in the article makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of measures aimed at improving quality, and, in general, the effectiveness of the quality management system implemented at the enterprise.

Value Chain Analysis of Banana in Dhanusa

Banana is one of the most commercial fruits of tropics distributed in terai to mid hills of Nepal and has been expanding in commercial scale with good potentiality of job creation, income generation and development of several enterprises in its forward and backward linkages. It has ample scope of import substitution from as Nepal imports huge amount of banana in recent years from India. This study has aimed to accomplish the objectives of assessing comprehensive value chain analysis, value chain alliance and financing of banana sub-sector in line with the PAF’s future strategy. Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were used to collect and analysis primary and secondary data pertaining to the study from different sources using FGD, desk review, KII and field observation. The major strengths for this sub-sector are good potentiality for scale up to meet excess domestic demand which has been limiting by some weakness like lower productivity, smaller volume of production, heterogeneous quality of the produce, Lack of collective marketing, poor bargaining power and haphazard use of pesticides. It was estimated that banana sub-sector can generate annual income of about NRs. 95.8 millions in national level from PAF intervention areas, contributed from NRs. 31.9 million initial investments. Insurance premium cost required to bear by the farmers after getting subsidy from government was estimated about NRs. 0.4 million. Additionally, banana producers require loan fund of about NRs. 11 million to operate the business besides their own PAF CO fund of about NRs. 21.3 million. These estimates were made from the viewpoint of generating about one thousand plus employment in the production of this commodity in PAF area. The estimated volume of physical product was about 1526 MT which can sustain 2 SMEs with the full time employment of 21 persons. Return to investment was estimated at 196.3%, which is sufficiently large to reflect the financial feasibility of banana production. Market share of banana production from 5005 benefited households in the PAF area will account 0.6% of total national market with B: C ratio of 3. The balance fund available for funding in studied PAF based CO is NRs. 1.5 million and is lending operational loan in different productive purpose including banana production to its member at 12% rate of interest. It was estimated that farmers can absorb loan size of up to NRs.100000 per year per farmer based on their risk bearing potential. The COs operating in Dhanusa district have planned to form a district level cooperative coordinating all 17 community organizations in the district for the purpose of enhancing loanable fund. None of the farmers have adopted the insurance scheme and deprived sector loan facility in the study area. But, banana growers are now gradually thinking about the adoption of such insurance scheme and loan facility to expand area under banana plantation. Key gaps in the inputs and services provision level of value chain are lacking supply of timely and quality inputs, little or no monitoring of market, lacking bare foot agro-vets and small volume of investment. Similar gaps for production stage are lack of business and technical management skills, saplings and Small volume of credit. Whereas, collectors are facing the problem of heterogeneous quality of the product producing at scattered geographical region, collecting the product with-out completing pesticides waiting period and daily price fluctuation. Consumers at end market are facing the problem of high price, unhygienic market environment, high residue of pesticides, lacking label and branding of the product. The study has identified some suggestions in terms intervention areas from its findings. Possible intervention for value chain, marketing level are to train leader commercial farmers in marketing of inputs and outputs, dissemination of marketing information from electronic media likes mobile based apps, develop loan product for market related activities, introduction of collective marketing, establishment of linkage with big markets and star hotels and establishment of quality standard for PAF branding. Value chain financing at the level of processing industries, intermediaries, collectors and traders can be intervened through training and education to traders operating in different stages of value chain, establishment of warehouse, introduce loan product appropriate for intermediaries, lobbying with financial institutions to release loan for processing industry, foster collaborations with line ministries and allied departments and introduce technology and digital platform to promote market linkage. To the sum up, different value chain activities of banana sub-sector are potential for scaling up with possible adoption of different suggestions on technical, financial, alliance and administrative aspects in joint efforts of different stakeholders working in this sub-sector.

Rizikos kapitalo investicijų poveikio šalių darbo produktyvumui vertinimas

The study expands and complements the theoretical and practical aspect of relevant scientific research on the impact of venture capital investments on the countries labour productivity. Researchers have found that innovation leads to the growth of countries labour productivity because innovation creates new products and technologies. It has been established that innovation is closely related to venture capital investments. With the help of innovations that require venture capital investments, a larger production volume is produced, which is associated with an increase in labour productivity. Ensuring financing of innovative companies has a positive external impact on the economy and, at the same time, on labour productivity, so it makes sense for governments to take measures to increase the volume of venture capital investments. Considering to the gap of research on the assessment of the impact of venture capital investments on labour productivity at the macroeconomic level, this article assesses the impact of venture capital investments on labour productivity in the EU-25 countries. Keywords: venture capital investments, EU countries, innovation, labour productivity.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ДИНАМІКИ КАПІТАЛЬНИХ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙ ЗА ВИДАМИ АКТИВІВ НА ЗАКАРПАТТІ

The article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of capital investments by types of assets in the Transcarpathian region for the period 2010-2021. Given that foreign trade is a key factor in the development of the country's economy, capital investment is one of the main engines of economicdevelopment in Transcarpathia. They contribute to the modernization of infrastructure, the development of industry, the agricultural sector, tourism, energy, education and science, as well as the improvement of social infrastructure. Thanks to capital investments, productivity is achieved, new jobs are created, the quality of life of the population increases and long-term economic sustainability of the region is ensured. The article indicates the importance of capital investments for the economy of Transcarpathia in several main areas: modernization of infrastructure, development of industry, agriculture, tourism and recreation, energy, education and science, social infrastructure. In modern conditions, when the region needs all the largest capital investments, it is important to analyze their dynamics not only by volume, but also by types of assets. Such an analysis allows us to determine the key trends of capital investment in the Transcarpathian region The article analyzes the dynamics of capital investments in the Transcarpathian region for the past 2010-2021, and analyzes the dynamics of capital investment growth over the period under study. It was concluded that the largest capital investment was made in 2019 and 2021, the amount was UAH 9,330,284 thousand. and UAH 9,184,293 thousand. in accordance. The smallest amounts of capital investments were made in 2010, 2013 and 2014, which amounted to UAH 2,205,374 thousand, UAH 2,645,793 thousand. and UAH 2,638,670 thousand. in accordance. The article analyzes the specific weight of investments in tangible and intangible assets to the total volume of capital investments in Zakarpattia region. It was established that the growth dynamics of investments in material assets of Zakarpattia Oblast in 2010-2021 had a stable nature and amounted to approximately 0.02% every year. Regarding the dynamics of changes in investments in intangible assets of Zakarpattia Oblast, certain changes also occurred during the studied period. The largest increase in investment in intangible assets was in 2018 and 2021, which amounted to 1.1% in these years, and the lowest value of the increase occurred in 2019 and amounted to 0.2%. It is obvious that the volume of capital investments in Zakarpattia region by types of assets testifies to the high value of capital investments for the economy of both the region and the whole of Ukraine.

INVESTMENT COOPERATION OF THE EAEU COUNTRIES IN CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC INSTABILITY

In the conditions of modern international political contradictions, the main task for any state is to strengthen trade, economic and investment cooperation with neighboring countries. On January 1, 2015, the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), which unites the states of Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan, began its work. The purpose of this regional integration organization is the freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor, as well as ensuring the implementation of a coordinated, coordinated and unified policy in the sectors of the economy.Despite numerous studies devoted to the consideration of the foundations of mutual investment cooperation of the EAEU countries, the peculiarities of the modern world economy require studying the structure of mutual investment cooperation within the framework of the main geopolitical and macroeconomic partnership. The article analyzes the main trends in the investment activity of the EAEU member states based on mathematical statistics methods, analyzes the features of the structure of mutual direct investment, the volume of investments in the fixed capital of the Union countries by type of economic activity. In the course of the study, the problems facing the Union states on the way to effective investment cooperation were identified, the investment intensity index was evaluated and the prospects for economic and financial integration of mutual cooperation were determined.

ВЕКТОРИ КАПІТАЛЬНИХ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ УКРАЇНИ В ДОВОЄННИЙ ПЕРІОД

The article analyzes the volume of capital investments of Ukrainian enterprises in terms of types of economic activity. Attention is focused on determining the concentration of capital investments of Ukrainian enterprises in terms of types of economic activity. The ranking of Ukrainian enterprises in terms of types of economic activity by the volume of capital investments in the pre-war period (for 2012-2021) was carried out. Based on the ranking of the types of economic activity of Ukrainian enterprises by the volume of capital investments, it was established that the leading positions are occupied by industry and agriculture, forestry and fisheries. The smallest amount of capital investments during the studied period was directed to education and the provision of other types of services. In the course of the conducted research, it was established that the volume of capital investments during the last ten years of the pre-war period had a stable tendency to increase. The only exceptions were 2014 (annexation of Crimea and parts of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions) and 2020 (the start of the Covid 19 pandemic), however, the rapid adaptation to challenges and threats by enterprises of almost all types of economic activity already in the following years contributed to the emergence of growing trends . The fact that Ukrainian enterprises managed to adapt to the mentioned challenges and threats in a short period of time, practically within a year, and already in the next year after the crisis to reach the volume of capital investments in the amounts observed before the crisis was noted as positive. The three leaders in the development of capital investments during the studied period were enterprises of wholesale and retail trade, agriculture, forestry and fishing, and industrial enterprises led it. Entrepreneurship entities in the educational sphere are the least interested in capital investments.

Study of Solar Cells Using FISH MOSFETs as a Constructive Element to Generate Photocurrent in the Longitudinal Direction

According to a study by the International Energy Agency (IEA), solar energy could reach 30% in 2023 in countries with the most excellent installed generation capacity, such as China, Germany, Japan, and the United States of America. In other countries, like Brazil (mainly in Paraiba state), for instance, the volume of investments in the solar energy sector is equal to 4.17 billion Reais of private investments in 2022 to implement a photovoltaic module factory to reach an installed capacity of 1.6GW. In this context, several efforts have been made to boost the electrical performance of solar cells in terms of using new materials, fabrication processes, and constructive essential elements to produce electric energy with more efficiency. Thus, this paper performs, by three-dimensional numerical simulations, a comparative study between solar cells implemented with constructive elements based on Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs), N channel, depletion type, with two types of gate geometries, in which one is layouted with the typical rectangular (Rectangular MOSFET, RM) and other is implemented with the FISH layout style (FISH MOSFET, FM). The main results have shown that the solar cell implemented with the FISH MOSFET has an efficiency of approximately 57% higher than that presented in the solar cell implemented with the Conventional MOSFET. Therefore, the solar cells implemented with FISH MOSFETs can be considered an alternative constructive essential element to improve the electrical performance of solar cells.

Global shipbuilding market: trends and development prospects

The purpose of this article is a brief analysis of the global commercial shipbuilding, in particular its growth, trends and development prospects. The characteristic features of the global shipbuilding industry are investigated on the basis of data on the order portfolio, investment volume, cancellation of orders, environmental requirements for shipping, etc. It has been revealed that the shipbuilding industry is on the threshold of a new supercycle, but the influence of a series of factors (a jump in freight rates, ongoing disruptions in the supply chain, rising prices for energy and raw materials, geopolitical instability, as well as uncertainty about the choice of fuel and technology) suggest that a new stage of shipbuilding will begin after 2025.

МІЖНАРОДНА ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНА ПОЗИЦІЯ УКРАЇНИ В КРИЗОВИХ УМОВАХ

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of crisis phenomena on the volume of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Ukraine. In the context of global economic dynamics and the interconnection of international markets, the role of FDI in ensuring sustainable economic growth is analyzed and their importance for the country's development is revealed (based on the GDP indicator). Variants are given that reflect the dependence between crisis phenomena and the volume of foreign direct investments. The indicators published on the World Bank's website and used at the international level to assess net inflows and net outflows of foreign direct investments are described. The correlation of the dynamics of changes in the analyzed indicators of Ukraine against the background of changes in similar indicators of the EU countries and the world is visually presented for the studied period of 1994-2022, which made it possible to conclude the nature of crisis phenomena that influenced the change in the trend. The results of the study provided a general idea of the negative impact of crisis phenomena on the dynamics of foreign direct investment. The analysis made it possible to single out external (international, global) and internal crisis phenomena. External crisis phenomena (the global financial crisis of 2008-2009; the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021) took place in many countries of the world and the European Union and caused a decrease in FDI due to economic recession, financial uncertainty, reduced availability of capital, uncertainty in business environments. Internal crisis phenomena were related to the economy and politics conducted in Ukraine, as well as caused by the military conflict with Russia (the Russian annexation of Crimea, the military conflict in the East of Ukraine, the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, the Russian-Ukrainian war), which created uncertainty, risks and negative conditions for investing in Ukraine. The conclusions of the article are aimed at emphasizing the importance of understanding the mechanisms of the impact of crisis phenomena on FDI and the need to develop strategies to ensure stability and sustainable growth of FDI in conditions of uncertainty and the negative impact of external and internal factors.

The Current State and Dynamics of Environmental Financing in the CIS Countries

The actual aspects of environmental financing are considered. A comprehensive assessment of the state of environmental protection activities in the CIS countries based on the results of recent years is presented and an analysis of its financing for various types of natural resources is carried out, as well as changes in relevant environmental indicators are studied. It has been revealed that despite the growing volumes of investments aimed at environmental protection, the environmental indicators of the Commonwealth countries do not always show corresponding positive trends.

ENVIRONMENT CREATED FOR ATTRACTING FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND ITS ATTRACTIVE LEVEL

The article considered the environment created for attracting foreign investments and its level of attractiveness. International rating and indices were studied in the assessment of investment attractiveness. The trend of changes in the volume of gross domestic product and foreign investment has been analyzed. Proposals and recommendations for attracting foreign investments have also been developed.

The effect of high inflation and rising interest rates on real estate values and valuation approach

Following on from the COVID-19 pandemic and the challenges faced during that period, valuers now have new issues to consider, as rapidly rising inflation and volatile interest rates not witnessed for a generation have had an effect on markets during 2022 — especially in the final quarter and going into 2023, as we see far reduced investment volumes and ongoing price discovery across European markets. This paper looks at how rising inflation and interest rates affect values and also how valuers need to develop new skills and understanding in valuing real estate assets in increasingly interconnected global financial markets.

Modification of the tax system under conditions of a state of war

The article reveals the challenges of transforming the tax system during a state of war. The tax system is a crucial element of the country’s economy, as its efficiency directly impacts the volume of investments, entrepreneurial development, and the level of social security. Addressing these issues in this sphere is urgent, as it can slow down the nation’s progress and disrupt financial stability. Since the beginning of the war, the country has been actively working to find optimal means of supporting the tax system. Various transformations have been implemented to optimize and ensure the continuous functioning of the tax sector, including employing different policies and instruments to execute strategies. Reforms aimed at creating effective policies and tools for their implementation have already been introduced. However, the conditions of war are extremely dynamic, and changes in the economic structure are challenging to predict and control. This leads to challenges in achieving an optimal balance between maintaining the stability of the economic system, supporting domestic businesses, meeting the citizens’ needs, and providing the necessary financial resources for the military. The dynamics of military events and uncontrolled changes in the economy create complexities in achieving an optimal balance between system stability, support for domestic businesses, citizens’ needs, and the demands of the military. Considering the importance of the tax sector for the state’s financial sector, special attention is given to making changes to support and optimize this area during times of war. The tax system is a significant factor influencing the country’s economic development. Its effectiveness determines how well the country can promote entrepreneurship and provide social security for its citizens. An efficient tax system involves the redistribution of financial resources in the economy, ensuring the functioning of the payment system, and other critical processes. Consequently, measures aimed at improving the tax sphere become an integral part of broader efforts to develop and ensure the stability of Ukraine’s economy during wartime. In the context of optimizing the tax sector, significant changes have been implemented organizationally, some of which can be considered extraordinary. However, they have proven to be effective and rational components of strategic crisis management. The key regulators that contribute to changes in the tax policy structure are the fundamental principles of monetary and credit policies during the state of war and the Tax Code of Ukraine. Given the complex nature of Ukraine’s tax system, it has become crucial to summarize the results of already implemented measures. Such an analysis is necessary to determine optimal ways of optimization and improvement, particularly during a state of war when economic activities are subject to changes and risks. Summarizing the results of research conducted in the tax field allows for assessing the effectiveness of implemented reforms and developing scientifically justified recommendations to ensure the stable functioning of the system amid external challenges. The main goal of this analysis is to identify potential risks and problematic aspects that could reduce the efficiency of the tax system and lead to adverse consequences for the country’s economic stability. A scientifically grounded approach to summarizing research data enables the formulation of action plans to address issues and explore new opportunities. Only such an analysis will ensure the stable development of the country and its financial resilience in the face of unforeseen challenges.

Combined photovoltaic and wind power plant planning for the production and transportation of liquefied green hydrogen: A case study of Egypt

For the production of renewable hydrogen in Egypt and its transport to growing hydrogen demand centers such as Germany, relatively low costs are given in the literature. These low costs are attracting investors. However, due to the scope of the respective studies, not all techno-economic aspects of the supply-chain that influence levelized costs of hydrogen are considered. This work represents a systematical analysis of the levelized costs of hydrogen in Egypt by using wind and solar power for producing 40 kt per year of green hydrogen. A maximal investment volume of four billion euros, and an available area of 37 km2 in central Egypt is assumed. The techno-economic evaluation of the system, from the production site to the selling location, is conducted by a mixed-integer linear optimization model. Depending on the system configuration and production site, the study reveals energy losses of 52–61% of the harvested energy and a levelized costs of hydrogen of 7.17–12.31 €/kg.

Effects of inflation on foreign direct investment in Nigeria

Inflation's effects on the volume of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Nigeria from 1995 to 2020 are examined in this study. In order to establish the relationship between the dependent variable (foreign direct investment) and the independent variables (inflation, real interest rate, and exchange rate), secondary data were gathered from the CBN Statistical Bulletin, Nigeria Bureau of Statistics and the World Bank Database. Johansen cointegration test was used to ascertain the long-term relationship between FDI and the independent variables, while the enhanced Dicker-Fuller test (ADF) was used to examine the data's time series property. It was decided to use the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), and the error coefficient, which is correctly signed and significant, shows that the independent variables and FDI have a long-term relationship. The model's explanatory variables' effects on FDI were statistically insignificant. But as indicated by the probability of the F-statistic at the 5% level of significance, the overall regression was significant. The study suggests that efforts be made to use additional macroeconomic policies as a way to boost foreign direct investment in the economy and that the government and monetary authorities should not solely rely on the tool and model for controlling inflation.

Tracking Availability of SDG 9.1 Indicators Regarding Transport Infrastructure Using the Example of G20 Member Countries

The increased interest in implementation of the sustainable development agenda requires an objective assessment of the success of progress towards the set sustainable development goals and objectives.The objective of the study described in the article is to consider the availability of transport indicators for SDG 9.1 («Develop high-quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and cross-border infrastructure, in order to support economic development and human well­being, with particular attention to ensuring affordable and equitable access for all») on the example of G20 countries, as well as to assess the completeness of the data provided by the countries. The information and empirical base of the study is based on data from the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe and Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation. The study used general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, and classification.The result of data processing is an assessment of data availability and calculation of the data completeness index for G20 countries. The authors proposed additions to the monitored indicators in terms of the volume of passenger and cargo transportation by modes of transport, and also substantiated the need to introduce a new indicator «volume of investment in infrastructure by mode of transport».