Volume Of Innovative Products Research Articles

The role of cluster approach in the financial support for innovative development

Subject. The article addresses the system of financial support for innovative development based on the cluster approach. Objectives. The purpose is to develop methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of financial support for innovative development at the expense of public funds, using the cluster and correlation and regression analysis. Methods. The study applies the cluster and correlation and regression analysis, methods of horizontal and vertical analysis, method of grouping, and others. Results. I investigated the role and operating results of innovation clusters, the government programme aimed at innovative development, assessed the impact of program financing on indicators of economic and innovative development and the expediency of the cluster approach. I identified three clusters based on such factors as the proportion of organizations that carried out technological innovations and the proportion of innovative goods, works, and services in the total volume of shipped goods, performed works, and rendered services. I obtained a two-factor model of relationship between GRP and the volume of innovative products, and the number of researchers with an academic degree. Conclusions. The paper proved that using the cluster approach enables to approach positive results of State programmes and national projects implementation.

Innovative Potential of the Oil and Gas Industry of Kazakhstan

The article is devoted to analysing the innovative potential of enterprises in Kazakhstan's oil and gas sector and developing ways for its effective implementation. In the current economic conditions, the issue of increasing efficiency, modernization, innovative activity and strategic partnership in the oil and gas sector is becoming especially relevant. This is since the raw material orientation of the industry poses a threat to the economic security of the country, which means that increasing the innovative potential of such an important sector for the country's GDP is an urgent problem. The authors of the article analyzed the relationship between the innovative potential of the oil and gas sector and the internal costs of innovation, and the volume of innovative products. An analysis was carried out on benchmark indicators of the country's global competitiveness index, as well as an analysis of measures to introduce innovation in Kazakhstan's oil and gas industry. The most significant technological innovations in the main segments of the oil and gas complex are given. On the basis of the research, proposals were made to increase the innovative potential of the enterprises of the oil and gas industry in Kazakhstan. The most critical strategic prospects for developing Kazakhstan's oil and gas sector are substantiated based on two directions: an increase in internal costs for innovation and an increase in the volume of innovative products.

Problems and prospects of the technological entrepreneurship: experience of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Today, in order to develop the innovation and technology sector in Kazakhstan, work is underway to create favorable conditions for the development of technological entrepreneurship. The development of technopreneurship implies the existence an effective national innovation system transforming new knowledge into new technologies, products, and services. The volume of innovative products is declining; one of the main reasons is the lack of connection between science and production. Innovative entrepreneurship is underdeveloped, hence technological entrepreneurship is underdeveloped. Innovative passivity is 89.5% that is the result of internal and external factors. In the scientific community, most studies focus on external factors, but in this study, the authors recommend paying attention to the importance of in-depth study of internal factors (personal experience and cultural characteristics). The purpose of the scientific article is to identify problems and prospects for the development of technological entrepreneurship in the Republic of Kazakhstan. To conduct the study, the authors used the method of descriptive statistics, based on data from the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors applied basic statistical procedures for data analysis, analysis of basic statistics and logical analysis. The key aspects of the development of technological entrepreneurship in the Republic of Kazakhstan, highlighted by the authors, are the development of innovative ties, the knowledge economy and high-tech production. Thus, the article analyzes the level of development and factors hindering the development of technological entrepreneurship and offers recommendations that contribute to their minimization.

Knowledge and innovation dynamics of the Northwest Russia under geopolitical changes

Over the past 25 years, Russia has faced several economic and geopolitical challenges, including the 2008 global financial crisis, sanctions imposed in 2014, and the COVID-19 pandemic. To remain resilient in the face of these challenges, Russia needs to adopt a flexible development strategy and transition to a new path of development. This transition requires the development of new knowledge-intensive industries, expansion into promising markets, strengthening trade and economic partnerships, and achieving technological sovereignty. This study examines the innovation system in Northwest Russia and identifies factors that are critical for its sustainability and innovation security in the face of geopolitical instability. The study uses an integrated approach to trace the knowledge production and innovation process from research findings to the commercialization of new technologies. The study finds that there are strong correlations between innovation activity and R&D investment, patent activity, and the number of innovative organisations. The study also identifies three types of regional innovation systems in Northwest Russia: core, semi-periphery, and periphery. The nature of the regions’ involvement in R&D determines the dynamics and specialization of their publications and patents. The study also finds that there is a positive correlation between the volume of innovative products and quantitative factors in the functioning of subsystems involved in knowledge generation and innovation. Finally, the study examines the geography and structure of the international research network that the regions of Northwest Russia had formed by 2022. It shows that the geopolitical transformation requires a significant part of cooperation ties with unfriendly countries to be restructured.

Study of innovation activity dynamics in Russia’s federal districts

The dynamics of indicators of innovation activities of Russia’s federal districts over 2005– 2019 has been studied. During this period, there has been an increase in the number of organisations that carried out research activities, and also in the total domestic expenditure on research and development. The number of new production technologies and the volume of innovative products produced has increased, and the payback rate on research and development costs has risen in all regions. The trends of decreasing in the innovation activities of organisations and a significant reduction in the number of personnel employed in the field of research and development have been detected. The share of new products in the total volume of products shipped remains low. This situation requires national and regional authorities to take appropriate regulatory actions.

INNOVATSION FAOLIYATNI RIVOJLANTIRIShNING EMPIRIK TAHLILI

This article analyzes innovations at the national level and factors influencing it at macro level. Multivariate regression equation was used to take the volume of innovative products and services as well as the numbers of employees and innovations introduced, as a factor indicator for the period of 2015–2020. The recent statistics covering the 5 yearlong period from the Republic of Karakalpakstan, regions and from the city of Tashkent have been reviewed, i.e. the number of observations made 70. STATA17 was analyzed using the “Random effect” model. The results are presented graphically based on the “Trend” model. According to our calculations, assuming that the impact of the factors other than variables in the econometric model is constant, excluding inflation, by the year of 2025, the volume of innovative products and services is being projected to have increased by 84.1% and the number of innovations – by 2.2 times, compared to those of 2020.

МЕТОДИКА ОЦЕНКИ ОБЕСПЕЧЕННОСТИ ИННОВАЦИЯМИ НА ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ И ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯХ ЛЕСОПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА

The article presents the results of a study to assess the provision of innovations at enterprises and organizations of the timber industry. The crisis consequences associated with restrictive measures had a significant impact on the timber industry. The changes are primarily related to the transfer of many workers to a remote form of work, the observance of social distance in the workplace. Many business leaders were forced to make management decisions to reduce production capacity. The key component of the developed methodology is the formed deterministic factor model, which reflects the provision of innovations at enterprises, formed on the basis of indicators characterizing the level of innovative development. The study was based on such indicators as the dynamics of research funding in the structure of GDP, the dynamics of costs associated with financing innovative activities, the level of innovative activity, as well as the volume of innovative products. Based on the results of the assessment, it was concluded that pulp and paper enterprises are provided with innovations most of all, against the background of more than a twofold increase in the costs of science and innovation. Then there are woodworking enterprises, where there is a stable low level of innovation provision. The worst situation is demonstrated by furniture enterprises, where a critical level of innovation provision is noted.

INNOVATION IN RUSSIAN AGRICULTURE: CURRENT STATE AND PROBLEMS

The article explores the issues of innovation in the area of agriculture of the Russian Federation. The specifics of the industry and the importance of innovations in this area for the state and the involved enterprises are determined. In addition to studying theoretical aspects, special attention is paid to the analysis of the recent statistics related to the current state of this industry: on enterprises introducing innovations, the volume of innovative products, the amount of innovation costs of organizations, etc. The key difficulties and trends in the area of innovation in the agroindustrial complex of the country are also identified. As a result of this study, a conclusion is formulated concerning the effectiveness of the implementation of the innovative component in the production, organizational and other areas of enterprise activities along with some recommendations developed to strengthen the innovative development of enterprises in the sector in question.

Assessment of the impact of labor productivity on the effectiveness of innovative activities in Kazakhstan and the Northwestern Federal District of Russia

Object: In many foreign countries, growth in labor productivity leads to a reduction in working hours. But these processes are not always proportional and depend on the correlation of social and economic priorities of states, on the conditions of general globalization and neoliberalization. The unfavorable ratio of the internal price proportions of some states and the low level of development of technics and technology act as obstacles to increasing the rate of economic growth. In such conditions, a reduction in working hours will inevitably lead to a reduction in the country's economic potential and the level of income of citizens. The purpose of this article is to study the nature of labor productivity and analyze the relationship between the proportions of labor productivity and the volume of production of innovative products in Russia and Kazakhstan as the largest EAEU states that determine development trends in the region.Methods: The collected data on the relationship between labor productivity and the volume of output of innovative products were analyzed using cluster analysis and nonparametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA).Findings: Labor productivity affects the level of innovative development and affects the overall economic development of individual regions and countries as a whole. The analysis of these processes is very important for the formation of state development policy. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between labor productivity and the volume of innovative products, as well as examines similar processes in certain regions of Russia and Kazakhstan.Conclusions: According to the results obtained, the following hypotheses were accepted: in Kazakhstan and Russia, labor productivity directly affects the innovative production of products. This influence is different in the regions of both countries. In Kazakhstan and Russia, there are regions that are similar in characteristics of the processes of the impact of labor productivity on innovative output, and for them similar measures to improve state policy are recommended

СТРАТЕГІЧНИЙ ВПЛИВ ІННОВАЦІЙ НА ФІНАНСОВИЙ СТАН ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

Анотація. Побудова високоефективної національної інноваційної системи передбачає розвиток державної наукової діяльності та інноваційної діяльності промислових підприємств. Мета дослідження — визначити вплив упровадження інновацій на зростання фінансових ресурсів підприємств. Розгляд літературних джерел засвідчив, що підприємства, які впроваджують інновації з метою вдосконалення своїх процесів та диференціації своїх товарів і послуг, значно випереджають конкурентів за ринковою часткою, якістю, гнучкістю процесів виробництва та обслуговування. З метою всебічного вивчення впливу інноваційної діяльності на прибутковість підприємств було досліджено взаємозв’язок між узагальненими показниками реалізованої інноваційної продукції, валовою доданою вартістю і валовим прибутком підприємств. Результати проведеного аналізу показали, що інноваційна діяльність є важливим фактором економічного зростання підприємств. Було встановлено, що виробництво інноваційної продукції сприяє зростанню фінансових результатів підприємства. Для аналізу загальних показників ефективності інноваційної діяльності підприємств України було також проаналізовано залежність обсягу реалізованої інноваційної продукції від загального фінансування інновацій, було виявлено низький рівень ефективності інноваційної діяльності українських підприємств, що є негативним фактором, який стримує фінансове зростання підприємств. Аналіз діяльності промислових підприємств, які здійснювали інноваційну діяльність, дозволяє зробити висновок, що у структурі діяльності інноваційних напрямів відбулися значні зміни. Важливим завданням інноваційного розвитку промислових підприємств сьогодні є впровадження нових технологій виробництва і зберігання, що дають змогу створювати якісну та безпечну продукцію. Для залучення іноземних інвестицій підприємствам важливо розвивати інновації, які розв’язують глобальні економічні, промислові, соціальні проблеми. Ключові слова: інновації, інноваційний розвиток, фінансові ресурси, інноваційна продукція, інноваційна діяльність, стратегія. Формул: 0; рис.: 3; табл.: 3; бібл.: 12.

Финансовые факторы повышения конкурентоспособности корпоративного сектора Республики Коми

The paper demonstrates the importance of a stable financial state of the corporate sector for the competitiveness of the region, limited tools of regional budget policy and the possibility of increasing the financial support of small and me-dium-sized businesses in the Komi Republic. The analysis is based on the indicators of investment in fixed assets and the size of bank lending to small and medium-sized businesses, which are both indicators of the finances of the corpo-rate sector of the economy and the macro-financial block in the concept of regional competitiveness. In the Komi Re-public, as in other northern regions of Russia, the volume of bank lending to small businesses is extremely limited – but the specific investment per capita, and with it the growth rate of the economy, significantly lags behind the average northern and average Russian values. Similarly, in the Komi Republic, as in the rest of the resource economies of Rus-sia, the effects of the "resource curse" (low revenue of small and medium-sized businesses and the volume of innovative products) are manifested – while the poverty of the population is high, the size of average monetary incomes is small and, in comparison with regions with similar income levels, informal employment is very limited. The paper suggests a way to overcome the identified negative trends and restore competitiveness – stimulating demand from the corporate sector of the Komi Republic, primarily small and medium-sized businesses, for financial resources offered by federal development institutions. The problems of intersectoral unevenness and the impact of the system of “northern benefits” on the finances of enterprises are considered.

ЦЕЛЕСООБРАЗНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ВЕРОЯТНОСТНОГО ПРОАКТИВНОГО ПОДХОДА К ВЫЯВЛЕНИЮ ФИРМ-ОДНОДНЕВОК ВНЕШНИМИ НЕСПЕЦИАЛИЗИРОВАННЫМИ СТЕЙКХОЛДЕРАМИ

The subject of the study is the spatial innovative development of American industry. The nature and degree of spatial localization, concentration and correlation dependence of the USA manufacturing industries (as the most innovation-intensive) on the implementation of relevant R&D is subject to study. The purpose of this study is to identify trends in the spatial innovation development of modern industry in the United States. We used such methods as abstract-logical, statistical-economic (correlation analysis, localization indices), the techniques of which worked on the application of the typological approach. The results of the correlation analysis allow us to conclude that there is a significant (close to functional) direct relationship between the volume of innovative products and R&D expenditures — both in the whole country and in the leading states. The calculation of localization indices and the graphical interpretation of the results obtained made it possible to assess the dependence of the industry specialization of the USA states on the spatial features of the innovative development of industrial production, expressed in various territorial combinations — innovative types of development of national industry. Spatial innovative development of industrial production at the regional level clearly demonstrates a two-level “center-peripheral” trend, expressed in the identified typological combinations. The spatial development of American industry, aimed at increasing the efficiency of production of primarily innovative products, has developed in close interaction (mutual influence and mutual penetration) with the institutions of the national innovation system of the United States, which has been expressed in spatial localization, high concentration and in specific forms and types of territorial combinations of elements of both systems. At the same time, the spatial aspect of this mutual combination and interaction, which is of a traditional “center-peripheral” nature, is reflected in a clear trend of extreme polarization both at the state level and in more extensive spaces — within the regions and districts (groups of states) of the country. This necessitates a qualitatively higher level of interaction between the United States and other countries in the global system of innovation and economic development in order to build global production chains.

Sustainable development of economic systems on the basis of innovative processes

The social and economic processes resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic are a new global factor that highlights setting out conditions for sustainable development of economic systems. The authors propose a hypothesis that a stable growth rate of national economy is ensured by qualitative and systemic improvement of leading innovative indicators. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to study the dynamics of and correlation between indicators of innovative development of territorial and sectoral economies. The paper presents economic and statistical study of the volume of innovative products and performed services, funding of technological innovations; the creation and application of new technologies. To ensure representativity of the sample, the authors analyzed the leading performance indicators in Russian R&D organizations from January to June 2020. The parameters of the analysis were the location in a federal district and a form of ownership. A direct correlation between R&D costs and the average number of researchers has been revealed. Sustainable development of economic systems in a new economic reality is possible only with the application of effective methods of analyzing innovation costs, studying laws and factors of innovation development, forms of endogenous and exogenous technological exchange for all economic entities.

ПОТЕНЦИАЛ СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОЙ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЛЕСНОГО КОМПЛЕКСА РЕСПУБЛИКИ КОМИ

The purpose of the work is to analyze the potential of a strategic alternative for development of the forestry sector of the Komi Republic. The main tasks are identifying barriers and directions for development of the regional forestry industry. The study shows that in the forestry sector of the Komi Republic, projects are being implemented that are included in the federal list of priority investment projects in the field of forestry development in Russia. But despite the modernization of existing enterprises and creation of new ones, the commodity structure of the sector remains conservative with a predominance of wood and paper products of low and medium processing levels. The technological level of production development remains insufficient, the share of innovative products with high value added is significantly inferior to countries with developed forest industries. At the same time, alternatives to development prospects of production are poorly studied issues of the forestry sector of the Komi Republic. This provision required a study of global trends in the development of the forest industry and determination of barriers preventing functioning of the forestry sector of the Komi Republic. As a result, the following is identified: technological backwardness of production; depletion of commercial timber stocks; poor development of the forest infrastructure; insufficient overall efficiency of the region's forestry sector. The main directions of overcoming the existing barriers include: increasing production volume of innovative products of the first generation at operating enterprises; organization of new productions of innovative forest products of the first and second generation in forest-supplied regions of the Komi Republic; development of a woodworking territorial cluster of small and medium-sized enterprises; introduction of innovative approaches to transporting timber from remote forest areas with poor transport accessibility and reforestation. Thus, the obtained data are of great practical importance for managing the development of the regional forestry sector.

Principles and mechanisms to stimulate the innovative development of regions

Subject. This article analyzes the performance of the innovative development of Russia's regions. Objectives. The article aims to develop an original classification of principles and mechanisms to stimulate innovation development of the regions. Methods. For the study, we used statistical inquiry techniques, and the methods of classification, rating, and graphic visualization. The efficiency of innovation was assessed as the ratio of the volume of innovative products produced in the region to the amount of costs of technological innovation. Results. The article identifies regions, districts and industries that are leaders in terms of the volume of innovation products shipped, innovation and distribution of funding, as well as areas that require certain measures to support innovation development. Conclusions. To intensify innovation processes in industrial regions, comprehensive incentives at all levels of government are needed, taking into account the balance of interests of the stakeholders.

ОЦЕНКА ПОТЕНЦИАЛА ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ СВЕРДЛОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The article assesses the innovative potential of the Sverdlovsk region using the following indicators: the number of personnel engaged in research and development and having an academic degree; research and development costs; the use of objects of intellectual property; the number of technologies developed and patents issued; innovative activity of business entities; volume of innovative products; the activity of technopark structures, etc. The analysis was carried out in dynamics using graphic methods. It was revealed that the Sverdlovsk region, being a large industrial region, has a higher innovative potential among other entities of the Ural Federal District, and it belongs to the medium-strong innovative territories of Russia. Nevertheless, some problems were identified: insufficient increase in the remuneration of personnel involved in innovative activities, insufficient increase in the cost of purchasing equipment, which is 6-7 times less than the tax burden on innovative organizations; decrease in the share of economic entities implementing innovations. In the investigated constituent entity of the Russian Federation, a number of normative legal acts have been adopted concerning the development of innovative activity, and strategic planning documents (strategy, concept, state program) have been developed, in which directions for increasing the innovation potential of the region are enshrined, in particular, financial and other support, stimulating demand for innovative products, infrastructure development, including technology parks. As foreign experience shows, in innovation, it is important to coordinate the interests of all factors (government, business, science, education, civil society). Therefore, the article proposes to use more actively the mechanism of the “triple helix”, enshrined at the legislative level. A number of measures are also proposed to increase the innovative potential of the country in general and of the Sverdlovsk region in particular.

СИБИРЬ И ДАЛЬНИЙ ВОСТОК СРЕДИ РЕГИОНОВ РФ: ОЦЕНКА УСЛОВИЙ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ И РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА

The objective of the paper is to make a comparative description of the conditions for human development in the regions of Siberia and the Far East against the background of other territories of Russia. Based on the statistical data from 2014-2017, the typology of the Russian regions differing in external conditions for human development of the population is constructed using factor analysis. Its distinctive feature is that among the influencing factors the behavior of the population is taken into account. The concentration of population in regions with favorable conditions is shown. In most regions of Siberia and the Far East, conditions are unfavorable: low incomes, low life expectancy, accelerated reduction in the number of personnel engaged in research and development, reduction in the cost of technological innovations and the rate of growth in the volume of innovative products.

Инновации в российских регионах с различным уровнем валового регионального продукта на душу населения

The article is devoted to the production of innovative products of the enterprises in the regions of the Russian Federation. The value of innovation activity of enterprises, the cost of technological innovation, the volume of innovative products, its share in the retail and wholesale trade in the Russian regions with different values of the gross regional product per capita in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2013 is compared.

Current Trends and Barriers to Innovative Development of Industrial Enterprises in Azerbaijan

Trends in development of Azerbaijan's economics are investigated. Criteria of creating an innovation-oriented economics and the volume of innovative products as well as barriers to innovation activity of industrial enterprises are given.

Quadratic interval innovation diffusion models for new product sales forecasting

An appropriate sales forecasting method is vital to the success of a business firm. The logistic model and the Gompertz model are usually adopted to forecast the growth trends and the potential market volume of innovative products. All of these models rely on statistics to explain the relationships between dependent and independent variables, and use crisp parameters. However, fuzzy relationships are more appropriate for describing the relationships between dependent and independent variables; these relationships require less data than traditional models to generate reasonable estimates of parameters. Therefore, we have combined fuzzy regression with the logistic and Gompertz models to develop a quadratic-interval Gompertz model and a quadratic-interval logistic model, and we applied the models to three cases. Our practical application of the two models shows that they are appropriate tools that can reveal the best and worst possible sales volume outcomes.