Volume Of Industrial Production Research Articles

Econometric modeling of the mutual impact of import-export operations in the Republic of Azerbaijan

The recent economic changes have led to the formation of new bases for the interaction of the domestic economy with the world economy, which has significantly increased the role of external economic factors in the country’s development. The volume of foreign trade, as well as the structure of export and import of goods, is mainly determined by the state of the country’s economy and production. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the impact of economic factors such as the volume of industrial production and domestic consumption, the volume of gross domestic product (GDP) and per capita income, the ratio of domestic and world prices, and the real exchange rate of the national currency. The primary objective of this article is to statistically analyze, reflect, and forecast the volume of export and import during the transition period of the economic development of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The econometric analysis of foreign trade operations, specifically import-export activities, in the Republic of Azerbaijan for the years 1995-2022 has been conducted in this research. Econometric research approaches were implemented using the operations of the Eviews 8 program package. Regression analysis, correlation analysis, construction of graphs, Descriptive Statistics, Dickey-Fuller test, Granger test, Cusum test, and Cointegration were performed using the tools in the Eviews 8 application package for evaluation.

Analysis of Long-Term and Short-Term Relationships between Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth in Industrialized Regions of Russia

The purpose of the proposed study is to identify long-term and short-term cause-and-effect relationships between industrial electricity consumption and economic growth through comparative analysis of two neighboring regions with approximately the same industrial potential - the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions. To solve this problem, an econometric approach is used, based on the method of testing the boundaries of autoregressive and distributed lag (ARDL) models, which determines the presence of cointegration between series. The use of this method is indispensable when studying regional problems due to the insufficient length of time series of economic indicators in the region. The variables in the comparative analysis were industrial electricity consumption, industrial production volume, economic growth rate, per capita income, and average annual number of employees. When analyzing the data, it was revealed that significant cointegrated variables for the Sverdlovsk region are the rate of economic growth and electricity consumption. Accordingly, for the Chelyabinsk region these variables are the volume of industrial production, electricity consumption and the average annual number of employees. That is, the electricity consumption of the Sverdlovsk region in the long term does not depend on the volume of industrial production and the number of employees but depends only on the rate of economic growth. In the Chelyabinsk region, accordingly, in the long term, electricity consumption depends on the volume of industrial production, the number of employees and does not depend on growth rates. Thus, the regions that, at first glance, are similar in industrial potential differ in the cause-and-effect relationships between economic growth and industrial electricity consumption. The use of causality tests made it possible to identify long-term and short-term cause-and-effect relationships between variables. The results obtained in this study illustrate the explanatory and predictive capabilities of the econometric approach in the context of analyzing cause-and-effect relationships in the economy of two neighboring regions and its energy system. These results may be important when analyzing electricity consumption and energy saving in the industrial sector of the economy of these areas.

Стресс реального сектора российских регионов в условиях пандемии и санкций

Recently, the Russian economy has been affected by sanctions and pandemic shocks. Russian regions reacted differently depending on their spatial location and sectoral structure of economies. Using monthly data for 2016-2023, the article assesses the dynamics of stress of regions’ industrial production volume, retail turnover and volume of paid services to the population. A stress index is calculated as a moving difference between the standard deviation and the average growth rate of the indicator compared to the corresponding period of the previous year. An integrated stress index is a simple sum of individual stress indices normalised using the Z-score method within the panel data framework. As a result, time series of individual and integrated stress indices at the national, federal district and regional levels were obtained. The average stress levels of different Russian regions were compared for the entire period and three sub-periods: pre-pandemic, pandemic (from March, 2020 to February, 2022) and post-pandemic/new sanctions. The data revealed a greater and relatively uniform sensitivity of the service sector of Russian regions to the pandemic; various reactions of regional industries to sanctions, causing the diversification effect across the country; greater trade response to pandemic shocks and industry response to new sanctions. On average, the constituent entities of the North Caucasus Federal District turned out to be the most vulnerable to shocks, while the regions of the Siberian Federal District showed the greatest stability. The study demonstrated that sectoral structure and regional income level are significant factors determining the resilience of the regional real economy to pandemic shocks, while spatial location is also important in response to sanctions.

АНАЛИЗ СОВРЕМЕННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА СУБЪЕКТА ФЕДЕРАЦИИ В АСПЕКТЕ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРОЦЕССОВ РЕИНДУСТРИАЛИЗАЦИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ЧУВАШИЯ)

The article examines the problems of reindustrialization of the national economy in the context of federal subjects. Using the example of the Chuvash Republic, which in 2019 was classified as a region with lagging behind in socio-economic indicators, an analysis of the state of the regional economic complex was carried out and measures to strengthen it were considered during the implementation of the individual development program. The republic’s successes in increasing the volume of industrial production, especially in the manufacturing segment, were noted. It was revealed that the food industry is lagging behind in terms of growth rates in comparison with leading industries (transport, electrical and special engineering), and a conclusion was made about the feasibility of developing cheese making in a region that has good milk production indicators.

STATISTICAL ASPECTS OF THE STUDY OF THE DYNAMICS OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES DEVELOPMENT

The article presents practical aspects of statistical research of the dynamics of development of industrial enterprises. It is determined that the main task of a statistical study of industrial enterprises is to determine the volume of industrial production, its structure; analysis of plan implementation by volume and assortment, grade, completeness, rhythm; identification of additional reserves. It is proved that in order to raise the level of industrial production statistics in Ukraine, it is necessary to make certain changes in the proportions of individual industries, and they should be consistent and interrelated. The study found that the main factors of industrial recovery will be: a gradual improvement in the situation on world markets, the resumption of production in certain sectors of the economy, improvement of the financial condition of enterprises, as well as an increase in investment and consumer demand. The following mathematical and statistical methods are used depending on the purpose of the statistical study and the nature of the source data: 
 1) mathematical methods of quantitative characterization of relationships: correlation and regression analysis; operations research and queuing theory; economic cybernetics; classical methods of elementary mathematics; simulation modeling; functionally hierarchical (forecast scenarios); methods of structural analogy; method of expert estimates; 
 2) statistical methods of quantitative characterization of relationships: analysis of variance; correlation analysis; method of analytical groupings; rank correlation; complex statistical coefficients; statistical equations of dependencies; statistical indices; indicators of dynamics analysis.
 When choosing statistical methods for studying socio-economic phenomena, it is necessary to take into account their interconnectedness and interdependence. Any phenomenon is the result of a certain set of causes and is the cause of other phenomena and processes. Therefore, the statistical study of the interrelationships of economic phenomena and processes should be approached comprehensively, trying to classify a wide range of methods that allow them to be quantified.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАМИ МАШИНОБУДУВАННЯ В КОНКУРЕНТНОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ

The article is devoted to the study of theoretical and applied aspects of enterprise management in a competitive environment. On the basis of existing approaches to the process of managing the competitiveness of industrial enterprises, modern approaches to the effectiveness of such management are considered, and its significance in modern conditions is substantiated. Competitiveness is studied as a fundamental category of the market economy, which directly affects the efficiency of the participants of the competitive environment and ensures the stability of the development of the market mechanism as a whole.
 The dynamics and structure of production of machine-building products in Ukraine during 2015-2022 were analyzed, its strategically important role in the country's economy was proven, despite the insignificant share of machine-building products in the total volume of industrial production and the strengthening of exports of raw materials industries. The presence of a crisis in the field of mechanical engineering has been proven, the causes of the crisis have been identified state of machine-building enterprises. The peculiarities of the functioning of the machine-building market in the conditions of military aggression were studied, the main problems and prospects of its development were determined. The main factors of the external and internal environment, which cause negative dynamics of production volumes and sales of mechanical engineering products of Ukraine, are systematized.
 Measures for the further effective and competitive development of this market for the long term have been determined, which include the development of effective state programs and strategies for the development of the industry, stimulation of innovative development of enterprises and the introduction of the latest technologies to ensure the possibility of manufacturing high-quality high-tech and knowledge-intensive products.

WAYS TO REDUCE THE PRODUCTION COST OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN STRENGTHENING FINANCIAL AUTHORITY

The article “Strengthening the financial potential by reducing the cost of production of industrial enterprises” considers the impact of the volume of industrial production on the financial potential of the Surkhandarya region, analyzes the main factors affecting the volume of production of construction enterprises, built econometric models and forecast scenarios until 2027. The role of each operating in the region enterprises is incomparable in strengthening the parameters of the budget, tax potential and financial resources of the region.

THE ROLE OF INDUSTRY IN THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF UZBEKISTAN: ANALYSIS, FORECAST AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

This article reveals the importance of the industrial sector in the economic growth of our country. Dynamic changes in the volume of industrial products in the regions of the country were analyzed and the specialization of regions in sectors was evaluated. The influence of the added values of economic sectors on the gross domestic product was analyzed based on econometric models. Also, a forecast was made on the main economic indicators, and scientific proposals were developed to ensure high economic growth.

AMFF-YOLOX: Towards an Attention Mechanism and Multiple Feature Fusion Based on YOLOX for Industrial Defect Detection

Industrial defect detection has great significance in product quality improvement, and deep learning methods are now the dominant approach. However, the volume of industrial products is enormous and mainstream detectors are unable to maintain a high accuracy rate during rapid detection. To address the above issues, this paper proposes AMFF-YOLOX, an improved industrial defect detector based on YOLOX. The proposed method can reduce the activation function and normalization operation of the bottleneck in the backbone network, and add an attention mechanism and adaptive spatial feature fusion within the feature extraction network to enable the network to better focus on the object. Ultimately, the accuracy of the prediction is enhanced without excessive loss of speed in network prediction, with competitive performance compared to mainstream detectors. Experiments show that the proposed method in this paper achieves 61.06% (85.00%) mAP@0.5:0.95 (mAP@0.5) in the NRSD-MN dataset, 51.58% (91.09%) is achieved in the PCB dataset, and 49.08% (80.48%) is achieved in the NEU-DET dataset. A large number of comparison and ablation experiments validate the effectiveness and competitiveness of the model in industrial defect detection scenarios.

Горная промышленность в приграничном регионе России: оценка потенциала развития отрасли в Республике Тыва

In connection with the re-orientation of Russia's economic policy towards the East, an assessment of the potential for industrial development in such mining frontier territories of the country as the Tyva Republic becomes a major priority. For this purpose, the available academic literature as well as the results of scientific research have been analyzed. This study is also based on the data from official statistical sources, information obtained from the industrial companies in the region and the Internet resources. The analysis and synthesis methods used allowed to identify the main reasons for this lag, including the shortcomings of the current regulatory legislation. The gross regional product in the Republic of Tuva is only 243.05 thousand rubles per capita (vs. 645.9 thousand rubles in Russia and 535.3 thousand rubles in the Siberian Federal District). The paper proposes a hypothesis that a selective approach is required in regulating the economy of the country's depressed border territories with account of the characteristics, resources and potential of each of them. Empirical studies of the possibilities for industrial development of the one of the most depressed mining regions of Russia, i.e. the Tyva Republic, have been performed for the first time in the cross-border aspect with account of developing the available rich natural and mineral resources. An assessment of its potential, which is capable of achieving the industrial production volume of 350 billion rubles by 2035, has been made using linear regression methods. Measures have been proposed on creation of the legislative and legal regimes needed to attract investments in the development of the mining industry of Tuva, which can become a driving force of its dynamic social and economic development.

Розвиток переробної промисловості України як напрям реструктуризації національної економіки

The aim of the article is to generalize the problematic aspects of the functioning of the processing industry of Ukraine. An analysis of theoretical approaches to the positioning of the processing industry as a factor of value creation for industrial products, which, through export, ensures the emergence of added value of other types of economic activity in foreign markets, is carried out. It is noted that against the background of in-depth processing of raw materials, the added value of finished products is growing at a significant pace and ensures an increase in gross domestic product and, accordingly, the development of the national economy. The properties of the processing industry are generalized, which consist in the production of orders for certain types of services, in particular research, information, educational, financial, etc., that ensures the development of innovations for the formation of new sectors of the economy. It is concluded that structural changes in the processing industry generate a transformation of the country’s economic system. Emphasis is placed on deindustrialization as a process of reducing the proportion of industrial activities in the structure of the economy and the share of processing industry in the structure of the country’s industrial sector, which has two forms. The first one is a decrease in the volume of industrial production, the second one is a slowdown in the growth rate of industry compared to other types of economic activity. It is noted that Ukraine is characterized by the first form of deindustrialization, characterized by such main problematic aspects as deterioration of the structure of the economy and negative shifts in the commodity structure of exports. The deterioration of the structure of the economy is determined by the inability to produce products with a high share of value added, which is accompanied by a significant decrease in the share of the processing industry in the structure of gross value added of the national economy, as well as a decrease in the level of manufacturability of industrial products. Negative shifts in the commodity structure of exports are reflected in the rapid decline in the volume of exported manufacturing products against the background of an increase in exports of raw materials. Prospects for further research in this direction are the formation of effective means for the revival of the country’s processing industry, in particular on the basis of the concept of the Novel Industrial Development of Ukraine.

Methodological principles of forming a mechanism for assessing environmental damage from the functioning and development of industrial real estate within the boundaries of the urban environment

It is not possible to imagine the implementation of investment and construction projects for industrial purposes in isolation from the environment. During the construction and further operation of enterprises, it is necessary to remember the close relationship between nature and man and plan the processes of waste disposal from harmful substances. In pursuit of profit, management often forgets about air and water purification measures, which causes deterioration of the natural environment around the enterprise, complaints from residents, loss of business reputation, and often financial losses due to the need to eliminate the consequences of emissions. Thus, during the construction of industrial facilities, an important task is not only the calculation of profits from operation, but also environmental protection measures, which must necessarily be carried out by enterprises. The growth of the country's economy largely depends on the growth of gross domestic product (GDP). In 1934, when this indicator was first introduced, it was most often used to understand how much the country is ready for hostilities and how many products enterprises can produce to ensure stable functioning. Later, in the 40s, the indicator was associated with the volume of industrial production, since the service sector at that time was poorly developed. And accordingly, the calculation of the GDP indicator was a very necessary mechanism: the growth of GDP per capita from one thousand to 10 thousand. dollars meant a rapid leap in the material well-being of the population.

Structural transformation of the industry of Ukraine under the influence of Russian military aggression

Russia's full-scale military aggression has caused enormous damage to the industrial capacity of Ukraine, as the hostilities have mainly affected those regions where the manufacturing sector is most developed. The purpose of the article is to identify structural transformations in the industrial sector of Ukraine's economy caused by Russian armed aggression. Since 2014, the output structure of the Ukrainian processing industry has undergone drastic negative changes: the share of low-tech industries has increased, while the share of medium- and high-tech industries has decreased. The efficiency of the Ukrainian processing industry is significantly lower than in the EU countries: the share of gross value added in output in Ukraine in 2020 was 20%, while in Poland it was 27% and in Germany 35%. One of the key problems of the functioning of the industrial sector and the national economy, in general, is the high import dependence of medium- and high-tech industries (especially the machine-building industry), the share of imports in costs or intermediate consumption of which in 2020 averaged over 48%. The war affected the dynamics of industrial production in Ukraine - during 2022, the volume of sold industrial products decreased by 21.6%, in particular, the products of processing industries - by 31.5%. The largest drop (by 58%) was recorded in metallurgical production. At the same time, the volume of industrial products sold abroad decreased by 44.6%. The export orientation of the industrial sector of the economy, i.e. the share of products sold outside of Ukraine, decreased by 8.4 percentage points (or by 29.6%) over the period. The post-war recovery of industrial capacity should be based on innovation and long-term development prospects. Accordingly, the central place in the structure of the industrial sector of the national economy should be occupied by mechanical engineering and chemical and pharmaceutical industries. This involves the creation of enterprises of the highest level in terms of technologies, organization of production, quality of management, etc. It is also necessary to move to new forms of organization and location of enterprises, in particular, the formation of industrial clusters that will ensure competitive costs of products.

DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH OF THE COX-CHEMICAL INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE: CURRENT TRENDS AND PROSPECTS

Objective. The purpose of the article is to study the current trends in the development of the domestic coke chemical industry and to determine further prospects that will contribute to further transformational processes and the formation of effective economic policy in this area. Method. The choice of research methods is determined by the complex nature of the work. Among them: graphic, statistical analysis, comparison, detailing, analysis and synthesis, which in the complex will make it possible to assess the situation in the industry and to form ways of solving the identified problems in a timely manner. The results. As a result of the study of the current trends in the development of the domestic coke chemical industry (based on the analysis of the main indicators in the dynamics), it was established that the production of products has decreased significantly, and the situation in the industry is characterized as a crisis. A complex of factors that negatively affected the volume of industrial production is characterized. It was noted that some of them are related to the lack of raw materials, the obsolescence of the material and technical base, a decrease in demand from customers, a low level of innovation and investment activity, and a low level of product competitiveness. Attention was drawn to the fact that the company suffered significant losses due to damage or partial destruction due to the large-scale military invasion of Russia, disruption of logistics and destruction of energy infrastructure due to missile strikes and shelling of the territory of Ukraine by the aggressor country. The dependence of the functioning of enterprises on the situation on the world markets of coking coal and coke is indicated. The main influencing factors are characterized. It was noted that despite the acute problems faced by coke-chemical enterprises today, domestic production has a certain potential for development on a new technological basis. Emphasis is placed on the need for transformations in the industry. Prospective directions for the development of the industry have been formed, which will contribute to such processes and the formation of effective economic policy in this area. The information base of the study was the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the GMK.- center, research by consulting companies regarding the development of the situation in the world markets of steel, coking coal and coke, regulatory and legal documents and documents of the state authorities of Ukraine, which made it possible to confirm the need for post-war development of the industry. Scientific novelty. On the basis of the conducted research and as a result of the isolated problems occurring in the coke-chemical industry, the directions of its development as a whole and coke-chemical enterprises as its components are proposed, which will allow to restore stable functioning and form an effective economic policy in this area in the conditions of post-war recovery. Practical significance. The results of the research on the development of the domestic coke industry have practical value. They make it possible to better understand the peculiarities of economic, technical and technological processes in this area, to understand the place of the country in the global coke markets, to determine the nature of existing problems, their depth and scale, which is useful in the implementation of transformational processes, the formation of effective state economic policy and industry development strategies

Направления устойчивого развития экономики региона в условиях санкционного воздействия

The relevance of the article lies in determining the directions for the sustainable functioning of the region’s economy under the sanctions of unfriendly states, assessing the enterprises of the fuel and energy com¬plex of the Orenburg region and, on this basis, substantiating the creation of an integrated petrochemical cluster. The purpose of the article is to identify the territorial features of the sustainable development of the region’s economy under the impact of sanctions, identify its problems and develop recommendations for the formation of an integrated petrochemical cluster. In modern conditions, there is a decrease in the profitability of enterprises, an increase in risks and their possible bankruptcy, which ultimately provokes the unsustainable development of both enterprises and the regional economy. It is shown that the current situation contributes to the disruption of logisti¬cal ties in the export industries of the fuel and energy complex, the electronic and machine-building industries, and the agricultural sector, which has a negative impact on the sustainable functioning of the region’s economy. These conclusions are confirmed by many authors whose research results are presented in the article. The leading methods of this research are the analysis and generalization of scientific publications, methods of classification and retrospective analysis. The novelty of the study lies in clarifying the concept of sustainable development of the region’s economy, determining its factors and results. The authors show that the fuel and energy and agricultural sectors of the economy will have a key impact on the functioning of the economy. This conclusion is substanti¬ated by the given statistical and other factual data. In particular, it is shown that in the total volume of industrial production of the Orenburg region, the fuel and energy sector accounts for about 60% and provides an annual production of more than 15 billion m3 of gas, more than 21 million tons of oil and gas condensate, as well as the processing of about 5 million tons of oil. More than 2.5 million tons of grain crops are grown annually in the region (2020 more than 4 million tons), over 33 thousand tons of meat products, 260 thousand tons of dairy prod¬ucts. All of the above creates favorable conditions for the innovative development of the economy. As an example, a diagram of the organizational and production specialization of an integrated innovative petrochemical cluster is given. The practical significance of the results of the study lies in the development of a set of measures to implement an effective regional policy aimed at achieving sustainable development through the creation of an innovative petrochemical cluster. Further research is supposed to be carried out in the direction of developing the theoretical and practical foundations for the organization and functioning of integrated petrochemical agglomerations.

DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH OF THE COX-CHEMICAL INDUSTRY OF UKRAINE: CURRENT TRENDS AND PROSPECTS

Objective. The purpose of the article is to study the current trends in the development of the domestic coke chemical industry and to determine further prospects that will contribute to further transformational processes and the formation of effective economic policy in this area. Method. The choice of research methods is determined by the complex nature of the work. Among them: graphic, statistical analysis, comparison, detailing, analysis and synthesis, which in the complex will make it possible to assess the situation in the industry and to form ways of solving the identified problems in a timely manner. The results. As a result of the study of the current trends in the development of the domestic coke chemical industry (based on the analysis of the main indicators in the dynamics), it was established that the production of products has decreased significantly, and the situation in the industry is characterized as a crisis. A complex of factors that negatively affected the volume of industrial production is characterized. It was noted that some of them are related to the lack of raw materials, the obsolescence of the material and technical base, a decrease in demand from customers, a low level of innovation and investment activity, and a low level of product competitiveness. Attention was drawn to the fact that the company suffered significant losses due to damage or partial destruction due to the large-scale military invasion of Russia, disruption of logistics and destruction of energy infrastructure due to missile strikes and shelling of the territory of Ukraine by the aggressor country. The dependence of the functioning of enterprises on the situation on the world markets of coking coal and coke is indicated. The main influencing factors are characterized. It was noted that despite the acute problems faced by coke-chemical enterprises today, domestic production has a certain potential for development on a new technological basis. Emphasis is placed on the need for transformations in the industry. Prospective directions for the development of the industry have been formed, which will contribute to such processes and the formation of effective economic policy in this area. The information base of the study was the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the GMK.- center, research by consulting companies regarding the development of the situation in the world markets of steel, coking coal and coke, regulatory and legal documents and documents of the state authorities of Ukraine, which made it possible to confirm the need for post-war development of the industry. Scientific novelty. On the basis of the conducted research and as a result of the isolated problems occurring in the coke-chemical industry, the directions of its development as a whole and coke-chemical enterprises as its components are proposed, which will allow to restore stable functioning and form an effective economic policy in this area in the conditions of post-war recovery. Practical significance. The results of the research on the development of the domestic coke industry have practical value. They make it possible to better understand the peculiarities of economic, technical and technological processes in this area, to understand the place of the country in the global coke markets, to determine the nature of existing problems, their depth and scale, which is useful in the implementation of transformational processes, the formation of effective state economic policy and industry development strategies/

RESEARCH OF ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF FOOD INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES

The purpose of the work is to analyze economic processes at the enterprise level and in-depth study of their economic processes, which is important not only in the process of establishing market relations, but especially during the economic crisis in the country. Methodology. There is an urgent need to make managerial decisions aimed at improving the economic sustainability of the enterprise, which can only be achieved through professional economic analysis of the enterprise, which is carried out using a number of economic and financial indicators calculated on the basis of financial statements and additional accounting indicators at the enterprise. The most difficult task of the food industry is to provide high-quality products and achieve their competitiveness. According to the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the food industry ranks second in terms of sales. The food industry ranks second in terms of sales volume. In 2016, the volume of sold products of the food industry amounted to 381.4 billion UAH (21.6% of the total volume in the industry), of which 91.4 billion UAH (19.6% of the volume of industrial products sold outside the country). The food industry of Ukraine has great potential and is competitive. In the context of the strategy development, measures to stimulate the economic activity of food industry enterprises are also proposed. Practical implications. Manufacturers are expanding the geography of external supplies and are looking for access to foreign markets, and the export potential makes it attractive to investors. Under such conditions, the Ukrainian food industry should change its priorities and modernize production. There is a clear lack of funding for the industry, which could be provided by both foreign and domestic investors. Capital investments should go to the food industry, which produces competitive products. And the reduction of investments in the food industry in the long run will increase the technological lag of Ukraine from the developed countries of the world. Value/originality. During the year, work was carried out to attract food and processing enterprises of all forms of ownership to participate in seminars on the development, implementation and certification of management systems, namely: quality, food safety, environmental management, occupational safety.

Intensification of mixing in an ultrasonic flow reactor

The aim of the project including this study is to provide a methodology facilitating the scaling up of ultrasonic flow reactors. To achieve this goal, the philosophy consists in developing lab size ultrasonic flow reactors, in which chemical process could be developed, stackable in parallel to reach industrial production volumes. The first step of this research project is to characterize the flow and the mixing within the 30 kHz vibrating walls of a millimetric-sized channel prototype specifically developed for this project. Mixing performances of this channel are measured by imaging the mixing between distilled water and brilliant blue dye solution thanks to a camera. Images grey scale levels are linked to concentration field of brilliant blue in water thanks to a calibration. Tests are done with and without ultrasonic waves for Reynolds number ranging from 5.2 to 130.6 and electrical power of the ultrasonic transducers ranging from 4 to 64 W. The study has shown mixing enhancement thanks to ultrasound. The mixing quality decreases as flow rate increases while asymptotically increases as the electrical power increase. The optimal electrical power divided by the flow rate has been found equal to 260 J/ml for the best reached mixing efficiency equal to 0.9 (maximum theoretical mixing efficiency is 1).

Assessing the differences in the levels and dynamics of economic development of Kazakhstani regions

This study aims to analyze the level of differences based on effectiveness, statistical dependence, and mutual influence of economic indicators for ranking the regions of Kazakhstan. In the paper, a systematic algorithm of actions is used, ensuring the interconnectedness, the sequence of work, and the validity of the methods used. Several model specifications were formulated to identify interregional differences in economic development indicators: the operating data environment analysis model (DEA) and the random effects regression model (RE). The information database of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2010–2020 was used. The construction of the RE model was carried out in the SPSS program. A regression model with fixed and random effects in panel data was employed to determine the impact of the selected indicators on gross regional product produced (GRP). Based on the results, the influence of the physical volume of industrial products on GRP per capita in the regions of Kazakhstan for 11 years was revealed in both models with a high significance of coefficients. The study results can be used by public administration bodies that carry out effective strategic management by smoothing interregional differences. Moreover, they can determine the prospects for studying other parameters based on efficiency, statistical dependence, and mutual influence of economic indicators for ranking regions. AcknowledgmentThis study has been funded by the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (grant “Priorities and mechanisms of inclusive regional development of Kazakhstan in the context of overcoming the economic recession” AP09259004).

The Economic Security of Small and Medium-Size Lithuanian Companies in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic brought changes to every country’s economy. The increasing number of cases, the lack of equipment and supplies, and the disruption of production and services, led to strong measures to stop the spread of the virus. The pandemic also had a significant impact on the stability of existing businesses. The announcement of lockdown and the resulting restrictions influenced consumer behaviour, and companies have had to adapt quickly to current changes in order to maintain economic security. The suspension or restriction of activities affected the income, profits and business continuity of companies. The main purpose of this article is to analyse how the Covid-19 pandemic affected the economic security of small and medium-size Lithuanian companies. What impact did the pandemic have on the Lithuanian economy and the business dynamics of organisations? Using research methods, scientific literature and statistical data, a comparative analysis was performed to assess the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on Lithuanian organisations. Based on the results, Lithuania was the least affected by the pandemic in the context of the European Union. However, there was a lot of uncertainty at the beginning of 2021; but the economy grew faster than expected. The volume of industrial production increased, retail and international trade grew. Despite the pandemic, growth was maintained in the manufacturing, wholesale and retail sectors. The impact of the pandemic was felt most in the services sector: accommodation and food service activities, the arts, entertainment and recreation, service and administrative activities.