Volume Of Construction Work Research Articles

Experience of Implementation of the Lean Production Concept at the Enterprise of Thermal Insulating Materials Market

Relevance. The construction industry produces a third of global waste, much of it is not recycled, ending up in landfills and polluting the environment. Between 2000 and 2020, the volume of construction work has increased more than 12-fold. The flip side of the process is a proportional increase in waste. In the insulation materials market and in the construction industry in general, the relevance of the lean manufacturing concept is growing, as it can be used to reduce the amount of resources consumed and increase business efficiency.Purpose. This article considers the developed measures for implementation of the concept of lean production in the framework of strategic management of the enterprise at the plant of the market of thermal insulation materials.Objectives. Within the framework of the concept realization the excessive quality is reduced, the system of personnel training is implemented and the level of competitiveness of the enterprise is increased.Methodology. The object of the study is the plant of Belgorod region, the leader in labor productivity in the city of Belgorod. The works were carried out from 2021 to 2023.Results. Due to the implemented program labor productivity increased by 2,0%, the number of scrap was reduced from 1,7% to 0,8%, new strategies for the development of the company were developed due to the introduction of personnel training system.Conclusions. The program of increase of competitiveness of the enterprise of branch of heat-insulating materials on the basis of introduction of the concept of lean production at its projection on other companies given in the present article is perspective in the plan of increase of competitiveness of the Russian Federation in the world arena, in fact the economy of the country depends on efficiency of subjects functioning in it.

Cost management as a key component of the organizational system of a developer implementing a unique nuclear industry infrastructure project abroad

The COVID-19 pandemic and the global economic crisis did not lead to a collapse in the volume of construction work in the country and abroad, as well as a decrease in investment in infrastructure projects. However, the labor force was negatively affected (both quantitatively and qualitatively), industry prices, supply chains and the stability of companies. The low profi tability of the Russian sector of construction of infrastructure projects remains unattractive for capital investment by businesses and investment funds, and therefore, private companies have been selling their construction assets to state-owned companies or monopolies for 5 years (from 2018–2022). Also, for the participants in the implementation of infrastructure projects, the most serious problems remain imperfections in the public procurement system and the formation of project costs, an outdated pricing model, high cost and limited availability of loans, as well as the inability to plan their load for a long time. Almost all of these problems are somehow interconnected with each other, and they need to be addressed with the help of systemic transformations. Even if a large amount of funds is directed to infrastructure projects, it will only postpone the need for systemic changes in the industry in general and organizational changes at the level of the developer in particular. To solve the stated problem, the subject area of the study is defi ned: the subject of the research: the process of organizing the cost management of an infrastructure project of the nuclear industry abroad; the aim of the research: creation of a scheme of the developer’s organizational process for managing the cost of construction of an infrastructure project of the nuclear industry (IPAO) abroad; research objectives: develop a methodological approach to substantiate each stage of the implementation of a unique infrastructure project of the nuclear industry in terms of the processes of formation, calculation, approval, control and monitoring of cost; develop proposals for improving the cost management process by the customer when implementing a unique infrastructure project for the nuclear industry abroad. Research methods: analysis and synthesis, graphic modeling, comparative estimates; research results: the created scheme of the developer’s organizational process for managing the cost of construction of an infrastructure project of the nuclear industry (IPAO) abroad at the stages of project implementation, taking into account the process approach and refl ecting the responsibility of counterparties at each stage of the life cycle. Scope of application of the results: the introduction of the organizational process scheme into the activities of companies implementing infrastructure projects abroad will allow regulating and standardizing cash fl ow processes, as well as identifying deviation parameters of the established cost throughout the life cycle of the infrastructure project.

Influence of the heat of combustion on calculations during the transport and consumption of natural gas

Ukraine, as an independent state, has a market economy that works according to the requirements of the world natural gas market. Gas has become a commodity, that is, it has its own price depending on its quality and demand for it. Modern gas quality standards provide for the control of about thirty indicators. The efficiency of gas appliances has increased by about 25%. The requirement of accounting for gas in both volume units and energy units is established by law, similar to accounting in EU countries. When accounting for gas, the higher heat of combustion is used, that is, all the energy of the gas. But when conducting hydraulic calculations in the design and reconstruction of gas networks, values of lower heat of combustion are still used. When selecting gas-using equipment based on the data of the manufacturing plants, the performance characteristics of the devices, focused on lower combustion heat, are also indicated. There are differences in the approach to determining the energy component contained in a certain volume of gas in different sections of the gas transportation system. As a result, the amount of energy changes. It is proposed to use a higher heat of combustion not only when accounting for gas, but also when conducting calculations at all stages of gas movement along the gas transportation network, as well as when conducting hydraulic calculations of gas pipelines. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that at all stages of gas movement in the gas transportation network, both when designing gas networks and when calculating payment for the amount of gas consumed, it is advisable to use the value of the higher heat of combustion of gas. This will lead to a reduction in the volume of construction work and the diameters of gas pipelines during new construction and reconstruction of systems, a reduction in gas consumption due to its more complete use, a decrease in dependence on imported gas, an improvement in air quality due to a decrease in harmful emissions, which will occur when ensuring greater completeness of gas combustion.

ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ МОНИТОРИНГА ОБЪЕКТОВ КАПИТАЛЬНОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА НА ЭТАПАХ ЖИЗНЕННОГО ЦИКЛА МЕТОДАМИ ДИСТАНЦИОННОГО ЗОНДИРОВАНИЯ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ БЕСПИЛОТНЫХ ЛЕТАТЕЛЬНЫХ АППАРАТОВ (ДРОНОВ) НА ОСНОВЕ ВЫСОКОТОЧНОЙ ЦИФРОВОЙ МОДЕЛИ ОБЪЕКТА

In modern construction at the stages of investment assessment, design, construction and operation of capital construction facilities with the implemented information modeling system, a serious problem is the harmonization of data collected from the construction site on the geometric parameters of the facility and territory being built. The article presents a comprehensive scientific and technical solution in the field of diagnostics of buildings and structures, monitoring the progress of construction, as well as automated determination of the volume of construction work performed using remote sensing technologies using unmanned aerial vehicles and information modeling (BIM technologies).

Economic and Environmental Assessment of Environmental Pollution by Construction Companies in Ukraine in the System of Environmental Management in the Post-Pandemic Period

The study's primary purpose is to develop an assessment of the implementation of environmental measures in the system of sustainable development. The development of a comprehensive approach to cost evaluation of environmental innovations allowed to estimate the total cost of the construction project together with environmental and economic damage, choose the most optimal environmental measures for housing, agricultural or road construction, more effectively organise the management system of the construction company. The article considers the importance of making environmental managerial decisions in ensuring society's ecological and economic security. The study proved that construction as a branch of material production is one of the main driving forces of the national economy in terms of results and one of the most potent pollutants. The purpose of environmental and economic assessment of losses from the construction industry is to determine the cost-benefit ratio of the construction project in monetary terms with the mandatory comparison of results before and after the implementation of environmental measures. The analysed ecological and economic indicators of the construction industry, the relationship between the volume of construction work by type of construction products and waste generation by type of economic activity allowed to justify the need for approaches to management decisions in environmental management. The study results can help integrate the requirements for managing the impact of production factors on the ecological and economic condition of the country in order to ensure the safe use of natural resources, environmental protection and economic feasibility (profitability) of management decisions in environmental management.

Analysis of professional risks during reconstruction of engineering networks

Problem statement. Professional risks when performing work on the reconstruction of engineering networks, which are carried out, as a rule, in the cramped conditions of urban residential, administrative, cultural and industrial buildings, have not been fully studied. Therefore, in order to ensure safe working conditions during the reconstruction of engineering networks, it is necessary, as one of the stages, to perform a comprehensive analysis of occupational hazards and risks that accompany the technological processes of reconstruction. Purpose of the article − determination of the professional risk of personnel who are engaged in reconstruction of engineering networks. Conclusions. 1. Studies have shown that in recent years, the volume of construction work is constantly increasing, while the volume of construction work on engineering structures is approximately 51 % of the total volume of construction work. 2. The number of accidents at work has somewhat decreased and has been in constant condition since 2014. At the same time, the number of fatal accidents increased. 3. Occupational risk in the construction sector of Ukraine was within the range of 5,3∙10-4...2,9∙10-4 , which, in Ashby criteria for accepting risk, is an unacceptable risk. 4. The number of employees at risk of injury per hour of work has decreased, but the decrease in the number of employees in the industry should also be taken into account. Starting in 2016, this indicator began to slightly increase, while the number of construction works for repair and reconstruction, that is, those works that are mainly carried out in cramped conditions, has also increased since 2016. 5. In the first place in terms of the danger of professions whose representatives are involved in the reconstruction of engineering networks, there are truck drivers, installers and electrical fitters, and less dangerous are the foreman (head of department, group) and the reinforcer. 6. To ensure safe working conditions during the reconstruction of engineering networks, it is necessary to develop a methodology for managing preventive measures that will reduce occupational hazards and risks, taking into account the directions of violations of the technological process.

THE ROLE OF THE WELL WATERS OF THE MAUSOLEUM OF KHOJA AHMED YASAVI IN THE FORMATION OF SALTS

The work is devoted to the study of the chemical composition of well waters located on the territory of the mausoleum complex of Khoja Ahmed Yasavi. On the basis of experimental studies, the salinity of well waters increases every year. It is especially different in 2019 when, compared to the previous 10 years (2009-2018), there was a sharp increase in the total salt content by 1,5 times in the inner well and about 2,3 times in the outer well. The reason for this is the intense pollution of atmospheric air, soil, plants and other environmental objects due to an increase in the volume of construction work resulting from this waste, the number of servicing vehicles and the emergence of a number of new anthropogenic factors. The article also considers data from the Kazhydromet of the Republic of Kazakhstan that characterize changes in natural and climatic conditions, exactly, the amount of precipitation by month. Based on the calculated data, we have shown that water evaporation is 4-5 times higher than the amount of precipitation in the region. As a result of evaporation, moisture rises through the capillaries and is further saturated with salts found in building materials. Further, the formed saturated salt solution, undergoing various transformations, such as crystallization, contributes to the formation of salt deposits on the surface of the foundation materials and further walls. This negative phenomenon is one of the factors that lead to a decrease in the stability and safety of the architectural monument.

MODERN RISK FORECASTING MODELS IN THE COMPANY

Companies independently develop and form their financial relations, financial resources, determinethe direction of their use and effectively organize financial management, consider ways to improve the company'scompetitiveness in the conditions of market globalization. Financial management of a company determines thecoordination of all activities of an economic entity, since financial relations, financial resources and sources offinancial resources that are its object determine not only current, but also stable competitiveness in a marketeconomy.In modern conditions, when companies with their own needs make financial decisions, its resource capabilitiesincrease dramatically. This means optimizing financial relations and improving the efficiency of financial resourcemanagement. Indicators of financial condition reflect the profitability of economic activities, financial achievementsand competitiveness. The information system satisfies the interest not only of the business entity to the owners andmanagement personnel, but also to a wide range of its external users with the necessary information. Riskmanagement in any company is defined separately depending on the volume of construction work and the amount offinancial resources. The implementation of these measures will help to reduce the amount of unexpected losses fromexposure to risks.The actual performance of the functions of the enterprise's financial management system allows the company'smanagement to control financial and economic activities in financial management and correct the directions ofinefficiently performed activities. Because improving competitiveness is the result of effective financial managementpolicies and functions. Thus, financial management will increase the role of the financial Manager in the effectivemanagement of the company's finances, regulation of financial relations and search for effective sources offinancing, increasing the profitability of financial and economic activities, and cash flows.

Justification of multi-section clay storage parameters on the pit internal dump during the integrated use mining of placer deposits

Purpose is an establishment of efficient parameters of a multi-section man-made deposit at the pulp clays storage on the surface of internal pit dumps during the development of placer deposits. The analytical research method was used to establish the main parameters of man-made deposits sections depending on their width and depth. A graphical research method was used to establish the downtime duration between formation of the first and second sections of the man-made deposit. It is established that division of the man-made deposit into five sections parallel to the mining front reduces time period till start of its operation from 8 to 5 years for it thickness 10 m and from 7 to 5 years at thickness 20 m. However, a significant disadvantage is the increassd number of sections in the man-made deposit from 2 to 5 is an increase in the volume of construction work from 0.27 to 1.11 million m3 at thickness 10 m, and from 0.53 to 2.15 million m3 at thickness 20 m, which confirms the necessity to find an effective number of sections in the man-made deposit and their parameters. The dependence between beginning of the works on filling the man-made deposit and the width of its first section delays start of the filling works, but too small width causes downtime at transiting from the first section to the second one. Efficient width of the man-made deposit first section is established, in which downtime is reduced from 7 years to 5.8 years, and volume of raw materials located outside the pit is reduced by 0.1 - 0.5 million m3 depending on the width of the first section. A method is proposed for determining an effective width of the first section in a two-section man-caused deposit, in which occurs while filling the sections. It is established that effective width of the first section oin the two-section man-made deposit with thickness of 10 m and with parameters of a typical pit development at mining of titanium-zirconium deposit is 241 m.

Construction sands of Podillya: patterns of distribution, resources and use

This article presents the characteristics of the resource base of building sands within the three Podillya regions, the patterns of sands distribution, and proposals for increasing the extraction of raw materials . The construction sands of Podillya are confined to the Upper Cretaceous, Neogene and Anthropogenicdeposits. The decrease of the thickness of the sandy strata of the Opilsk Neogene suite in the eastern direction was observed with the simultaneous increase in the thickness of the overlapping strata of the rocks. There is no apparent correlation between the thickness of sandy interlayers and the quality of sands. The interdependence of the chemical composition of Neogene sands and the sand size module is established.The genetic predisposition for the distribution of building sands in different parts of the Podillya territory has been established. Four groups of sand deposits of different age have been identified within the Podillya regions, which contrast sharply with single deposits in the neighbouring territories.There is a very uneven distribution of explored reserves of sandy raw materials across the region and accordingly in the provision of construction sands in the different oblasts /regions of Podillya. The areas best provided with sandy raw materials are the central districts of Ternopil region and Slavutsky district of Khmelnytsky region . Sands of the Baltic stage distributed in Vinnytsia region are mostly poor in quality, clogged with clay material and require enrichment. The further development of the mineral raw material base and the prospects for increasing the production of construction sand in the Podillya regions is associated with the increase in production at the prepared deposits, the commissioning of reserve deposits, the conducting of prospecting and exploration work in the proposed potentially exploitable areas and additional exploration of individual deposits that are exploited. The research allows us to evaluate objectively the existing base of sand raw materials for various purposes in the Podillya region and to develop on this basis measures to increase it. The importance of the study is determined by the acute shortage of the raw material in most administrative districts of Khmelnytsky and Vinnytsia regions, by the growth in the volume of construction work (and accordingly the requirements for sandy raw materials) both in Podillya and in the country.

Reliability of the Box–Jenkins model for forecasting construction demand covering times of economic austerity

As a driving engine for growth, the construction industry plays an important role in a country’s economic development process. Despite that, the industry is vulnerable to cyclical oscillation and at times more fundamental changes in work volume when the regional or global economy is hit by unforeseen events. In order to formulate appropriate policies and directions to help ease the impact of a fluctuating volume of construction work, a model that can reliably predict the work of various construction sectors after any economic turbulence would be extremely useful. In this study, the Box–Jenkins approach is used for model development due to its simplicity and sound theoretical background. The results illustrate that the Box–Jenkins models can reliably predict the medium‐term total construction demand and residential demand covering a turbulent period of ups and downs in construction demand. A multiple regression model is also developed to compare against the modelling reliability of the Box–Jenkins model.

The potential to exploit use of building-integrated photovoltaics in countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council

The use of renewable forms of energy is important throughout the world, not just in countries where there are concerns over the availability of fossil fuels. In order to develop and promote suitable energy policies for the future it is necessary to gain an understanding of stakeholder views in all countries, including those with substantial fossil fuel reserves. The volume of construction work in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries has recently been at unprecedented levels, with a huge environmental impact from construction and also from potential future energy demands. The aim of this paper is to assess the potential to exploit use of a particular, but valuable, renewable energy option: building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) in those countries. Such exploitation could offset, at least in some part, the future environmental burdens. A large-scale survey, followed by a number of in-depth interviews, has been undertaken in order to examine the use of BIPV. Empirical research findings are presented, and then analysed in order to determine the current viability of a large-scale expansion of BIPV in the GCC region. The research indicates that the main factors hindering expansion are high costs and the negative public perception of BIPV in the countries concerned. Proposals are therefore provided to assist the development of suitable policies and the wider introduction of viable BIPV in the GCC markets.

Project Management Education and Training Process for Career Development

The overall goal of this research project was to improve an organization's core competency in construction project management in a focused and systematic manner, with the help of a formalized education and training model. This paper describes the development of such a model for education and training standards for career development at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The need for this model was driven by the tremendous increase in the volume of construction work at SNL (post 9/11) along with several other factors [i.e., self-governance, customer feedback, and a new Department of Energy Order (413.3) for the handling of program and project management capital assets acquisition]. The goal of this research was to create a defined procedure to identify and quantify project management gaps and strengths, and then to develop a process to succinctly characterize each Sandia model participant's background qualification. This was achieved by administering a survey followed by a questionnaire whose results led to a customized training and development path, tracked both by individual and by department. Tools to address gaps were then identified and a role-task-competency hierarchy was created called the Sandia Project Management Career Development Academy model.