Congestive Volume Research Articles

Heavy Use of Diuretics vs. Ultrafiltration in Cardiorenal Overload Syndrome: A Literature Review

The Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS) is a complex clinical entity that involves a bidirectional interaction between the heart and kidneys, with a high incidence among patients with cardiovascular and renal diseases. Volume overload is a central feature of CRS, and its optimal management poses a challenge for healthcare professionals. In this context, both the intensive use of diuretics and ultrafiltration have gained prominence as therapeutic strategies to address volume overload and alleviate systemic congestion in patients with CRS. Objective: This review aims to critically compare the efficacy, safety, and practical considerations of the intensive use of diuretics versus ultrafiltration in the management of volume overload in CRS. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, encompassing studies, clinical trials, and meta-analyses comparing the two therapeutic approaches in CRS. Results: The intensive use of diuretics, particularly loop diuretics, has been widely employed due to its rapid action and availability in various clinical settings. Diuretics effectively increase sodium and water excretion, resulting in reduced circulating volume and relief of pulmonary and peripheral congestion. On the other hand, ultrafiltration offers a more precise and controlled elimination of fluids, potentially benefitting patients sensitive to fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Ultrafiltration may be a viable option in patients with diuretic resistance or those at risk of electrolyte depletion. However, current evidence is limited and inconclusive regarding the superiority of one strategy over the other in terms of efficacy. Conclusion: The choice between the intensive use of diuretics and ultrafiltration should be based on individualized patient assessment, considering the severity of volume overload, renal function, diuretic tolerance, and comorbidities. Both therapeutic approaches have advantages and drawbacks, and a one-size-fits-all approach is not suitable for CRS management. Further large-scale, well-designed clinical trials are required to establish the optimal therapeutic approach in CRS. Multidisciplinary collaboration and personalized treatment based on evidence and clinical experience are crucial for optimizing clinical outcomes and improving the quality of life of patients with CRS and volume overload.

Comparative performance study of HC-12, nRF24L01, and XBee for vehicular communication

In recent times, the volume of traffic congestion has been rapidly growing on roads. These days the necessity of having safe transportation and journey is essential. Thus, vehicle communication could be a possible solution to enhance safe transit. Vehicular communications provide a wide range of applications with different characteristics, namely vehicle and vehicle (V2V) communications. Every year, traffic accidents kill many people worldwide, and many people have been injured. V2V communication enables vehicles to communicate with each other to provide safety and convenience to drivers. Therefore, this paper explores a direction to develop a conceptual approach to V2V communication with HC-12, nRF24L01, and XBee. The study aims to analyse and evaluate the communication range that may contribute to the future road transportation system.

Analisis Hambatan Samping Terhadap Kinerja Ruas Jalan HR Soebrantas Kota Pekanbaru

Based on the initial survey on HR Soebrantas Road, it is also often found that there are many street vendors selling on the shoulder of the road, namely STA 1+300 – STA 1+900. This activity will certainly increase the volume of congestion caused by the large number of merchandise buyers who stop on the road. The purpose of this study was to analyze the side barriers and vehicle volume on the performance of HR Soebrantas Road, Pekanbaru City. Calculation of road capacity using the 1997 MKJI method. After calculating the traffic volume, the highest volume was found on Friday, 29 April 2022 at 17.00 – 18.00 at 1.115 Smp/hour/direction so that the capacity of the road with side barriers was 1.334 Smp/hour/ direction. The highest side resistance value is 1.144 events/hour, therefore the degree of saturation is 0,835 and the service level value is in class D approaching unstable current and low speed. Meanwhile, the speed of vehicles on HR Soebrantas Road, due to side obstacles for motorbikes is 48,40 km/hour (MC), for light vehicles it is 44,66 km/hour (LV) and for medium heavy vehicles it is 40,83 km/hour (HV).
 

Portal and Hepatic Venous Territorial Mapping in Healthy Human Livers: Virtual Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Size-Shape-Topography Study.

This study aimed to assess portal and hepatic venous volumes as related to the planning of complex liver resections and segmental liver transplant. We analyzed 3-dimensional computed tomography of portal and hepatic vein territorial maps of 140 potential living related liver donors. Portal and hepatic vein maps were simulated both separately and in overlap (cross-mapping) to calculate inflow and outflow volumes. In total liver volume, the right hemiliver was always dominant (mean 64.7 ± 4.8%) and the right medial sector (mean 36.4 ± 6.8%) and segment 8 (mean 19.1 ± 4.3%) accounted for the largest volumes, whereas the left medial sector(mean 13.5 ± 3.1%) and segment 4A (mean 5.8 ± 1.8%) accounted for the smallest volumes (with exclusion of caudate lobe). The right hepatic vein was dominant for both right hemiliver and right lateral sector and had the largest drainage volume in total liver volume (mean 40.0 ± 11.2%). The left hepatic vein was dominant for both left hemiliver and left lateral sector but had the smallest drainage volume fortotal liver volume (mean 21.3 ± 5.0%). The middle hepatic vein drained 50.2 ± 12.5% of the right medial sector and 75.8 ± 15.4% of the left medial sector. In 67 cases, an accessory vein (inferior hepatic vein) drained 16.5 ± 13.2% ofthe right hemiliver, 31.4 ± 25.1% ofthe right lateral sector, 26.6 ± 23.2% of segment 7, and 37.4 ± 31.3% of segment 6. The portal and hepatic vein territorial anatomy was characterized by extensive individual variability. An extremely smallremnant volume (<25% of total liver volume) precluded a minority of virtual extended left and a majority of extended right hepatectomies. Left trisectionectomy was associated with risky drainage from the middle hepatic vein, extensive segment 6 remnant congestion volume in 8% of cases, and right lateral sector-favorable inferior hepatic vein large drainage pattern in 13% of livers.

The need for sustainable local management to solve the reality of increasing traffic congestions in Iraq

The need to find solutions based on sustainable methods for the transportation sector in Iraq has become an urgent necessity due to the ever-increasing volume of traffic congestion caused mainly by the increase in the number of vehicles and the total dependence on them for transportation in the absence of other alternatives. This increase in traffic congestion drains all of the fossil energy in addition to losses in time, health and comfort of users and those close to the roads. Also, it increases the costs in maintaining roads and vehicles, as well as the harmful effects on the environment. A number of literatures have been studied to explain the effects and causes of traffic congestion, especially in countries whose conditions are similar to Iraq. The roads and intersections in the city of Baghdad were monitored, and a number of experts were requested to discuss the causes. A sample questionnaire was conducted that included several levels and ages of Iraqi society to determine the sample's impression on a number of points affecting the local traffic congestion in Baghdad city. It was revealed through the questionnaire that there are four main causes for traffic congestion and there is a strong desire among Iraqis to own and drive vehicles, which led to a significant and continuous increase in their numbers, and this is one of the main causes of congestion.

Deviations From the Ideal Plasma Volume and Isolated Tricuspid Valve Surgery-Paving the Way for New Risk Stratification Parameters.

BackgroundCongestion and plasma volume expansion are important features of heart failure, whose prognostic significance has been investigated in a range of surgical and non-surgical settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of the estimated plasma volume status (ePVS) in patients undergoing isolated tricuspid valve surgery.MethodsThis study included patients who underwent isolated tricuspid valve surgery at the Vienna General Hospital (Austria) between July 2008 and November 2018. The PVS cut-off was calculated using ROC analysis and Youden's Index.ResultsEighty eight patients (median age: 58 [IQR: 35-70] years; 44.3% male; 75.6% NYHA III/IV; median EuroSCORE II 2.65 [IQR: 1.70-5.10]; 33.0% endocarditis-related regurgitation; 60.2% isolated repair; 39.8% isolated replacement) were included in this study. Patients who died within 1 year following surgery had significantly higher baseline ePVS values than survivors (median ePVS 5.29 [IQR: −1.55-13.55] vs. −3.68 [IQR: −10.92-4.22]; p = 0.005). During a median actuarial follow-up of 3.02 (IQR: 0.36-6.80) years, patients with a preoperative ePVS ≥ −4.17 had a significantly increased mortality (log-rank p = 0.006).ConclusionsePVS is an easily obtainable risk parameter for patients undergoing isolated tricuspid valve surgery capable of predicting mid- and long-term outcomes after isolated tricuspid valve surgery.

Numerical Simulation of Interaction between Large-Scale Congestion and Vent during the Natural Gas Explosion in a Kitchen

The influence of large-scale congestion on a confined natural gas explosion in a typical Chinese kitchen was studied using the computational fluid dynamics technology. It was found that opening the explosion venting surface promotes the development of turbulence, flame propagation velocity, and multipeak overpressure in the explosion flow field. Large-scale congestion can significantly strengthen the influence of the explosion venting surface on the flow field; the congestion and the explosion venting surface have a synergistic effect on the explosion flow field. At the moment of gas explosion, the flow fields in each area of the kitchen exhibit different distribution characteristics. A flow field near small-scale congestion is more likely to produce greater turbulence, combustion rate, and flame speed. The obstruction effect of large-scale congestion perpendicular to the flame propagation direction is dominant. The indoor flame propagation speed and overpressure development speed increase and the peak combustion rate and indoor peak overpressure decrease with an increase in obstacle blockage. Increases in the large-scale volume congestion rate and volume blockage in the kitchen induce changes in the indoor flame propagation mode and increase the external explosion overpressure. This paper investigated the correlation behavior between large-scale congestion and vent surface in a typical Chinese civil kitchen during natural gas explosion process and provided important support for understanding the mechanism of congestion on gas explosion process and the distribution of explosion hazards in a kitchen.

Morphological Parameters of the Myocardium in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats upon Administration of Propylthiouracil

The morphological changes in myocardial tissue in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) occurring after administration of propylthiouracil (PTU) were assessed in the project. PTU at a concentration of 0.1% was given to the animals with drinking water for 47 days. After the end of the experiment, the morphological parameters of cardiomyocytes, the density of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts in the myocardium, and the average area of the lumen of veins were examined. The progressive development of dystrophic processes in the myocardium was established against the background of PTU intake, which was characterized by a decrease in the cardiomyocyte density and an increase in the volume of connective tissue, venous congestion, and expansion of the lumen of veins.

Deflagrations by design

AbstractLarge vapor cloud explosions (VCEs) and deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) events are of considerable interest to the petroleum refining and chemical processing industries. A detonation results in a very high flame speed and can significantly increase explosion energy and decrease standoff distance, increasing the blast load. Potential mitigation options to limit VCE severity include multiple simultaneous ignition sources to limit flame travel distance, suppressants to limit flame speed, and controlling the congested volume geometry to limit the flame travel distance. Another approach is minimizing the flame travel distance to free vent. Some VCE blast load prediction methods consider flame travel distance within a congested volume, but not the distance to free vent (DFV). Decreasing the DFV limits flame acceleration and decreases the potential for a DDT. High fuel reactivities and elevated congestion/confinement levels require smaller distances to free vent. This paper describes a test program to demonstrate this mitigation option using near‐stoichiometric ethylene‐air mixtures in an elongated test rig configured with a medium level of congestion to determine the free vent distance required to prevent a DDT. Test program results, associated Flame Acceleration Simulator predictions, and potential areas for future research are included.

Circulatory Shock among Hospitalized Patients for Salicylate Intoxication.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for circulatory shock and its impact on outcomes in patients hospitalized for salicylate intoxication. Methods: We used the National Inpatient Sample to identify patients hospitalized primarily for salicylate intoxication from 2003–2014. Circulatory shock was identified based on hospital diagnosis code for any type of shock or hypotension. We compared clinical characteristics, in-hospital treatments, outcomes, and resource use between patients with and without circulatory shock associated with salicylate intoxication. Results: Of 13,805 hospital admissions for salicylate intoxication, circulatory shock developed in 484 (4%) admissions. Risk factors for development of circulatory shock included older age, female sex, concurrent psychotropic medication overdose, anemia, congestive heart failure, volume depletion, rhabdomyolysis, seizure, gastrointestinal bleeding, and sepsis. Circulatory shock was significantly associated with increased odds of any organ failure and in-hospital mortality. Length of hospital stay and hospitalization cost was significantly higher in patients with circulatory shock. Conclusion: Approximately 4% of patients admitted for salicylate intoxication developed circulatory shock. Circulatory shock was associated with worse clinical outcomes and increased resource use.

A New Two-step Ensemble Learning Model for Improving Stress Prediction of Automobile Drivers

Commuting when there is a significant volume of traffic congestion has been acknowledged as one of the key factors causing stress. Significant levels of stress whilst driving are seen to have a profoundly negative effect on the actions and ability of a driver; this has the capacity to result in risks, hazards and accidents. As such, there is a recognized need to determine drivers’ levels of stress and accordingly predict the key causes responsible for high levels of stress. In this work, the objective is centred on providing an ensemble machine learning framework in order to determine the stress levels of drivers. Moreover, the study also provides a fresh set of data, as gathered from 14 different drivers, with data collection having taken place during driving in Amman, Jordan. Data was gathered via the implementation of a wearable biomedical instrument that was attached to the driver on a continuous basis in order to gather physiological data. The data gathered was accordingly categorised into two different groups: ‘Yes’, which represents the presence of stress, whilst ‘No’ represents the absence of stress. Importantly, in an effort to circumvent the negative impact of driver instances with a minority class on stress predictions, oversampling technique was applied. A two-step ensemble classifier was developed through bringing together the findings from random forest, decision tree, and Repeated Incremental Pruning to Produce Error Reduction (RIPPER) classifiers, which was then inputted into a Multi-Layer Perceptron neural network. The experimental findings highlight that the suggested framework is far more precise and has a more scalable capacity when compared with all classifiers in relation to accuracy, g-mean measures and sensitivity.

Peculiarities of Organization of Beer Production in Russia in late 19th – early 20th century

Introduction. The tax history of the Russian Empire is very specific: since the 17th century, indirect taxes have taken an increasing place among the objects of taxation, and indirect taxes have become increasingly important for the formation of the treasury. In this regard, beer was also referred to as excise goods, the production and sale of which began to receive increased attention from the State. If until the middle of the 19th century there was no special control over production, after the introduction of the “Regulation on Drinking Collection” of 1861 the situation changes. In addition to checking excise payments, the functional duties of excise officials included inspection and evaluation of equipment (tank, barrels), technological processes, including the number and volume of congestion, compliance with the plant technical characteristics. In this regard, it is of interest to study the structure of beer factories and their technical characteristics. The purpose of this work is to analyze the relationship between the structure of beer factories in the Russian Empire and its profitability. Materials and Methods. Solving research tasks was provided by a set of complementary theoretical (analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis, comparison, generalization, systematization) and empirical (study and generalization of sources, hermeneutic) methods. Result. There was no uniform regulation to the technical characteristics of beer plants. In its arrangement, brewers were pushed against the capabilities of the raw material base, the quality and depth of groundwater, and the possible mark. Discussion and Conclusion. The largest beer production was in the western territories of the Russian Empire. In the central provinces and in the east of the country, beer did not have much demand, so there were fewer factories there, and their organization and modernization were rare.

Venous outflow congestion is related to poor recurrence-free survival of living donor liver transplantation recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma - a retrospective study.

This study analyzed the impact of venous outflow congestion in the liver graft on hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence in liver transplantation recipients. Hepatocellular carcinoma patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation at Samsung Medical Center between 2007 and 2018 were included. The congested volume was calculated based on 2-week post-transplantation computed tomography. Recurrence-free survival and overall survival were analyzed using the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model including the degree of venous congestion. A total of 582 patients were included. There were 232 patients (39.9%) with certain degree of congestion volume. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses showed 1-, 5-, and 10-year recurrence-free survivals of 86.0%, 72.2%, and 70.7%, respectively, and overall survivals of 91.5%, 73.4%, and 68.9%, respectively. While congestion volume per 10cm3 was a significant risk factor for recurrence-free survival (HR=1.024, CI: 1.002-1.047, P=0.034), there was no significant relationship with overall survival. (HR=1.015, CI: 0.992-1.039, P=0.213). Venous outflow congestion in the liver after living donor liver transplantation was related to the poor recurrence-free survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

On the long-term efficiency of market splitting in Germany

In Europe, the ongoing renewable expansion and delays in the planned grid extension have intensified the discussion about an adequate electricity market design. Against this background, we jointly apply an agent-based electricity market model and an optimal power flow model to investigate the long-term impacts of splitting the German market area into two price zones. Our approach allows capturing long-term investment and short-term market behavior under imperfect information. We find strong impacts of a German market splitting on electricity prices, expansion planning of generators and required congestion management. While the congestion volumes decrease significantly under a market split in the short term, the optimal zonal configuration for 2020 becomes outdated over time due to dynamic effects like grid extension, renewable expansion and new power plant investments. Policymakers and regulators should therefore regularly re-assess bidding zone configurations. Yet, this stands in contrast to the major objective of price zones to create stable locational investment incentives.

Wireless body area network transmissions for iot-based healthcare network: a review

This survey reviews how electronically aided health monitor ingand observing systems with wireless body area networks (WBANs) support patient’s data analyzing and processing. These technologies in communications domain integrated into conventional medical system and assists as a capable methodology to boost the efficiency of health-care. Wireless body area networks contain dissimilar biosensors are fitted in a patient for analyzing the condition of health continuously. The collected parameters of signals are initially given at a gateway for the accretion of data and then furthered to out-of-the-way medical centers. Patient’s smart devices which has internet connectivity act as the gateways in internet of things-based WBANs, each among them generally stands for single patient. A huge volume of medical data congestion will be occurred during the widespread use of IoT-based WBANs, which is leading to an imperative prerequisite with high utilization based efficiency system for radio resource management. Henceforth, this survey examines methodically the management of transmissions of wireless body area network (WBAN) for internet of things-based a network is sculpted as a multi-server priority queueing system with multi-class delay-constrained with. Based on the result of queueing data packet, a mechanism for the arrangement of data packet transmissions for medical purposes with delay constraints is deliberated.

A Feasible Technique for Middle Hepatic Vein Reconstruction in Right Lobe Liver Transplantation: Usage of Autologous Portal Vein With Bench Recanalized Umbilical Vein Graft.

Background Middle hepatic vein (MHV) reconstruction is necessary to achieve a good outcome in right lobe liver transplantation. Many successful reconstruction methods have been reported as there are anatomical variations in MHV tributaries. Some methods are time consuming to perform routinely and other methods are not applicable in all anatomical variations. Large series which describe routine use of portal vein (PV) and bench recanalized umbilical vein (UV) graft have not been reported. In this paper, we report our experience of this novel technique of MHV reconstruction as a standard protocol. Material and method From February 2017 to December 2018, there were 301 patients who received right lobe liver transplant in our Centre, and the new MHV in 268 grafts were reconstructed with autologous PV and bench recanalized UV. The length of the vein graft and distance between segment 5 branch and MHV orifice were measured. We divided these patients into 3 risk groups according to the MHV drainage area (congestion volume) of the right lobe (Low risk: under 30%, Medium risk: 31 to 45%, High risk: over 45%). Clinical data was collected, and perioperative data were compared between the 3 groups. Results The distance from V5 to MHV orifice, PV autologous graft only, and PV&UV was 9.5±2.5, 7.2±1.5, 13.5±2.2 cm respectively. The patency rate of our reconstructed MHV was 97% and 89% at 1 month and 1 year respectively. There was no significant difference in perioperative data among the 3 groups. The survival in medium and high groups were statistically equivalent to that in low risk group. Conclusion Autologous portal with bench recanalized umbilical vein graft shows a high patency rate and achieves satisfactory outcome in grafts with large MHV drainage area. This graft is able to deal with all the MHV tributary variations by a single method.

Insights on Germany’s Future Congestion Management from a Multi-Model Approach

In Germany, the political decision to phase out nuclear and coal-fired power as well as delays in the planned grid extension are expected to intensify the current issue of high grid congestion volumes. In this article, we investigate two instruments which may help to cope with these challenges: market splitting and the introduction of a capacity mechanism. For this purpose, we carry out a comprehensive system analysis by jointly applying the demand side models FORECAST and eLOAD, the electricity market model PowerACE and the optimal power flow model ELMOD. While a German market splitting has a positive short-term impact on the congestion volumes, we find the optimal zonal delimination determined for 2020 to become outdated by 2035 resulting in new grid bottlenecks. Yet, readjusting the zonal configuration would lower the ability of the market split to provide regional investment incentives. Introducing a capacity mechanism with a congestion indicator allows allocating new power plants in regions with higher electricity demand. Consequently, we find the required congestion management to be substantially reduced in this setting. However, given the large amount of design parameters, any capacity mechanism needs to be carefully planned before its introduction to avoid new inefficiences on the market side.

Traffic characteristics and pollutant emission from road transport in urban area

In this work, the traffic characteristics and emissions of air pollutants were predicted for two vehicle classifications (passenger cars and trucks) at the national highway in Kyoto City, Japan. Traffic characteristic information (traffic volume, travel speed, and degree of congestion) was estimated based on the digitised data collected by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (MLIT) of Japan. A vehicle emission model, known as the computer program to calculate emissions from road transport (COPERT), was utilised to compute the emission factors (EFs) and total emissions of air pollutants in terms of exhaust particulate matter (PMExh), benzene (C6H6), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxide (NOx). Input variables, such as fuel data, activity data, driving conditions, and meteorological conditions, are needed. The findings revealed that the pollutant emissions reached the higher values over the slower travel speed phase. Road no. 1 with the most congested road segment has intensified vehicle numbers, and the slowest traffic flow movement exposed a greater magnitude of pollutant emissions. C6H6 and CO emissions are obviously more emitted from the passenger cars whereas the trucks are responsible for the greater emission of NOx and PMExh. The EFs of pollutants were compared with the Japanese Emission Standards through JE05 and JC08 chassis dynamometer test cycles. The estimated EFs showed inconsistency with the EFs derived from the test cycles. These results may be deployed as the input in air quality dispersion modelling in urban areas for designing the air pollution abatement strategy.

Traffic-related pollutants in roadside environment of Yangon, Myanmar

Roadside environment is a key location responsible for increased exposure of traffic-related air pollutants to people who reside, work and commute on or near the roadside. Although increase in traffic volume and duration of traffic congestion has been significantly recognized in Yangon, research conducted on traffic-related air pollutants is very limited. In this study, we mainly focused on nitrogen dioxide and aromatic hydrocarbons of VOCs; benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes collectively known as BTEX. Dffusive air samplers; DSD-CX for BTEX and DSD-TEA for NO2 were placed at seven sampling sites, S1-S4 located on heavy congested traffic roads of commercial areas and S5-S7 on fast moving traffic roads of residential ones. The BTEX concentrations were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and NO2 by ion chromatography. According to the findings, we concluded that roadside NO2 concentrations reflect the severity of traffic congestion currently encountered in the city. Sources other than vehicle emission could also have contribution to roadside traffic-related pollutants. Appropriate traffic managements and vehicle emission controls are urgently needed for reducing traffic-related air pollution.

Traffic Light Timer Control Using Raspberry Pi

As time goes by and the development of the times is very rapid increase in the number of vehicle volumes is increasing from year to year, coupled with automotive manufacturers who release their products at prices below the standard. This of course can increase the volume of congestion which is the main problem, very heavy traffic causes more time wasted and consumes fuel. The solution offered to overcome the congestion problem is a Timer Traffic Light control system, which is a traffic management system on each road segment used to reduce congestion in traffic lights that occur in big cities today. For the future, this is very much needed, given the increasing number of vehicles queuing at the traffic light. In this study a controller model of Timer Traffic Light was created based on image processing with the Background Subtraction method using the Raspberry Pi. The Background Subtraction method is used to process images containing objects that have been captured on the highway using a camera, the images obtained can classify the condition of the road with parameters of empty, medium, and solid conditions. The images obtained are then forwarded to the Timer Traffic Light controller system with the hardware and software used in this study.