Activation Volume Research Articles

Effect of Coherent Nanoprecipitate on Strain Hardening of Al Alloys: Breaking through the Strength-Ductility Trade-Off.

So-called strength-ductility trade-off is usually an inevitable scenario in precipitation-strengthened alloys. To address this challenge, high-density coherent nanoprecipitates (CNPs) as a microstructure effectively promote ductility though multiple interactions between CNPs and dislocations (i.e., coherency, order, or Orowan mechanism). Although some strain hardening theories have been reported for individual strengthening, how to increase, artificially and quantitatively, the ductility arising from cooperative strengthening due to the multiple interactions has not been realized. Accordingly, a dislocation-based theoretical framework for strain hardening is constructed in terms of irreversible thermodynamics, where nucleation, gliding, and annihilation arising from dislocations have been integrated, so that the cooperative strengthening can be treated through thermodynamic driving force ∆G and the kinetic energy barrier. Further combined with synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction, the current model is verified. Following the modeling, the yield stress σy is proved to be correlated with the modified strengthening mechanism, whereas the necking strain εn is shown to depend on the evolving dislocation density and, essentially, the enhanced activation volume. A criterion of high ∆G-high generalized stability is proposed to guarantee the volume fraction of CNPs improving σy and the radius of CNPs accelerating εn. This strategy of breaking the strength-ductility trade-off phenomena by controlling the cooperative strengthening can be generalized to designing metallic structured materials.

Components of a strength-training fitness program with children of junior and middle school age

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the implementation of the main components of the strength training program with children of primary and secondary school age. The understanding of the fitness program as a systematically organized sequence of activities aimed at promoting the development of fitness has been updated. The author notes that a well-planned fitness program should include both aerobic training to develop cardiorespiratory endurance and strength training to develop strength and power endurance. It is claimed that the main components of a strength-oriented fitness program are cardiorespiratory endurance, strength, power endurance, and flexibility. The author clarified that for the functional development of the human body in fitness programs, the volumes of movement activity and indicators of heart rate should be rationally defined. It is noted that the key factors in building strength training programs are compliance with the principles of specificity, supercompensation, individualization, systematicity, and safety. The author outlined the features of building a fitness program with strength training for children. It was found that the decisive condition for ensuring optimal and effective impact on the body is the correspondence of the amount of loads.

Interplay between physical activity volume and intensity with modeled life expectancy in women and men: A prospective cohort analysis

BackgroundThere is a lack of research examining the interplay between objectively measured physical activity volume and intensity with life expectancy. MethodsIndividuals from UK Biobank with wrist-worn accelerometer data were included. The average acceleration and intensity gradient were extracted to describe the physical activity volume and intensity profile. Mortality data were obtained from national registries. Adjusted life expectancies were estimated using parametric flexible survival models. Results40,953 (57.1%) women (median age = 61.9 years) and 30,820 (42.9%) men (63.1 years) were included. Over a median follow-up of 6.9 years, there were 1719 (2.4%) deaths (733 in women; 986 in men). At 60 years, life expectancy was progressively longer for higher physical activity volume and intensity profiles, reaching 95.6 years in women and 94.5 years in men at the 90th centile for both volume and intensity, corresponding to 3.4 (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 2.4–4.4) additional years in women and 4.6 (95%CI: 3.6–5.6) additional years in men compared to those at the 10th centiles. An additional 10-min or 30-min daily brisk walk was associated with 0.9 (95%CI: 0.5–1.3) and 1.4 (95%CI: 0.9–1.9) years longer life expectancy, respectively, in inactive women; and 1.4 (95%CI: 1.0–1.8) and 2.5 (95%CI: 1.9–3.1) years in inactive men. ConclusionHigher physical activity volumes were associated with longer life expectancy, with a higher physical activity intensity profile further adding to a longer life. Adding as little as a 10-min brisk walk to daily activity patterns may result in a meaningful benefit to life expectancy.

Disparity between global drought hazard and awareness

Drought is a pervasive natural hazard, which can profoundly affect ecosystems and societies globally. To strengthen the global community’s resilience to droughts, a multi-dimensional understanding of global drought awareness is imperative. Here we investigate global drought awareness at local (awareness of local droughts in the affected country), remote (awareness of remote droughts in other countries), and global levels (awareness from non-exposed countries). This study uses relevant search activity volumes of a country to drought as a proxy of national-level drought awareness. We find that the recent decade has experienced no change in drought hazard over the globe, but the global community has been increasingly seeking information about drought online, that is, elevated awareness of the global community on drought. We further find that long-lasting droughts enhance local- and global-level awareness and high gross domestic product are associated with remote-level awareness. This study provides an observational evidence of global disparities in the awareness/interest regarding drought, underscoring a continuing role of European nations in enhancing global drought awareness.

Accelerometer-measured intensity-specific physical activity, genetic predisposition, and the risk of venous thromboembolism: A cohort study.

The association between physical activity and venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the prospective dose-response associations between accelerometer-measured intensity-specific physical activity and new-onset VTE, accounting for genetic risk. In total, 85,116 participants from the UK Biobank were included. Incident VTE was identified via linked hospital records and death registries. A weighted polygenic risk score (PRS) was used to quantifying genetic risk for VTE, with higher values indicating a high genetic risk. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of the associations. Overall, 1,182 incident VTE cases were documented during a median follow-up of 6.18 years. In the overall study population, the participants in the highest quartiles of total volume of physical activity (0.60 [0.45, 0.79]), moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (0.66 [0.51, 0.86]), and light-intensity physical activity (0.66 [0.51, 0.85]) had lower adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for VTE than those of participants in the lowest quartiles. Both total volume of physical activity and light-intensity physical activity were negatively associated with VTE risk in participants with low, intermediate, and high PRS. However, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity was only protective against VTE in participants with low and intermediate PRS, with a significant interaction (P for interaction=0.02). Higher levels of physical activity of any intensity were associated with a lower risk of new-onset VTE. However, the negative association between moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity and new-onset VTE was significant only in participants with low and intermediate genetic predispositions to VTE.

Insight into properties of sizable glass former from volumetric measurements.

Sizable glass formers feature numerous unique properties and potential applications, but many questions regarding their glass transition dynamics have not been resolved yet. Here, we have analyzed structural relaxation times measured as a function of temperature and pressure in combination with the equation of state obtained from pressure-volume-temperature measurements. Despite evidence from previous dielectric studies indicating a remarkable sensitivity of supercooled dynamics to compression, and contrary to intuition, our results demonstrated the proof for the almost equivalent importance of thermal energy and free volume fluctuations in controlling reorientation dynamics of sizable molecules. The found scaling exponent γ = 3.0 and Ev/Ep ratio of 0.6 were typical for glass-forming materials with relaxation dynamics determined by both effects with a minor advantage of thermal fluctuations involvement. It shows that the high values of key parameters characterizing the sensitivity of the glass transition dynamics to pressure changes, i.e., activation volume ΔV and dTg/dP, are not a valid premise for a remarkable contribution of volume to glass transition dynamics.

Quantifying Volume Change in Porous Electrodes via the Multi-Species, Multi-Reaction Model

Automotive manufacturers are working to improve individual cell and overall pack design by increasing their performance, durability, and range, while reducing cost; and active material volume change is one of the more complex aspects that needs to be considered during this process. As the time from initial design to manufacture of electric vehicles is decreased, design work that used to rely solely on testing needs to be supplemented or replaced by virtual methods. As electrochemical engineers drive battery and system design using model-based methods, the need for coupled electrochemical/mechanical models that take into account the active material change utilizing physics based or semi-empirical approaches is necessary[1-9]. In this study[10], we illustrated the applicability of a mechano-electrochemical coupled modeling method considering the multi-species, multi-reaction model as popularized by Verbrugge[11-16] and Baker. To do this, validation tests were conducted using a computer-controlled press apparatus that can control the press displacement and press force with precision. The coupled MSMR volume change model was developed and its applicability to graphite and NMC cells was illustrated. The increased accuracy of the model considering the coupled MSMR volume change approach shows in the importance of accounting for individual gallery volume change behavior on cell level predictions. References T. R. Garrick, K. Kanneganti, X. Huang and J. W. Weidner, J Electrochem Soc, 161, E3297 (2014).T. R. Garrick, Y. Dai, K. Higa, V. Srinivasan and J. W. Weidner, Ecs Transactions, 72, 11 (2016).T. R. Garrick, K. Higa, S.-L. Wu, Y. Dai, X. Huang, V. Srinivasan and J. W. Weidner, J Electrochem Soc, 164, E3592 (2017).T. R. Garrick, X. Huang, V. Srinivasan and J. W. Weidner, J Electrochem Soc, 164, E3552 (2017).D. J. Pereira, J. W. Weidner and T. R. Garrick, J Electrochem Soc, 166, A1251 (2019).D. J. Pereira, M. A. Fernandez, K. C. Streng, X. X. Hou, X. Gao, J. W. Weidner and T. R. Garrick, J Electrochem Soc, 167, 080515 (2020).T. R. Garrick, J. Gao, X. Yang and B. Koch, J Electrochem. Soc., 168 (1) 010530 (2021)D. J. Pereira, A. M. Aleman, J. W. Weidner and T. R. Garrick, J Electrochem Soc, 169, 020577 (2022).T. R. Garrick, Y. Miao, E. Macciomei, M. Fernandez and J. W. Weidner, J Electrochem Soc, 170, 100513 (2023).T. R. Garrick, M. A. Fernandez, M. Verbrugge, C. Labaza, R. Mollah, B. J. Koch, M. Jones, J. Gao, X. Gao and N. Irish, J. Electrochem. Soc., 170 060548 (2023)M. Verbrugge, D. Baker and X. Xiao, J Electrochem Soc, 163, A262 (2016).M. Verbrugge, D. Baker, B. Koch, X. Xiao and W. Gu, J Electrochem Soc, 164, E3243 (2017).D. R. Baker and M. W. Verbrugge, J Electrochem Soc, 165, A3952 (2018).D. R. Baker and M. W. Verbrugge, J Electrochem Soc, 167, 013504 (2019).D. R. Baker, M. W. Verbrugge and W. Gu, J Electrochem Soc, 166, A521 (2019).M. W. Verbrugge, X. Xiao and D. R. Baker, J Electrochem Soc, 167, 080523 (2020).

Physical activity levels during COVID-19 pandemic and its associated factors in patients with Chagas disease.

A better understanding of the consequences of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on lifestyle of patients with Chagas disease (ChD) is of paramount importance to facilitate the implementation of intervention strategies tailored to this specific population. The present study aimed to evaluate the level of physical activity (PA) in Chagas disease (ChD) patients during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its main associated factors. This is a cross-sectional study with 187 patients of both sexes, aged ≥18 years, followed in a national infectious disease center (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). The level of PA was determined by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short version and expressed in terms of total volume of physical activity (PA) (MET-minutes per week). Individuals were classified as physically active following the 2020 World Health Organization PA guideline. The exposure variables were age, sex, race, marital status, schooling, income per capita, number of rooms per domicile, number of residents per domicile, body mass index, clinical form of ChD, COVID-19 antibodies, comorbidities, self-reported anxiety, self-reported depression, self-reported fear, and self-reported sadness. The association between the exposure variables with total PA (as a continuous variable) was determined using univariate and multivariate linear regression models. Mean age was 61.1 ± 11.6 years. Most (62%) were women and self-declared their race as mixed (50.8%). The percentage of physically active individuals according to was 52%. The variables independently associated with total PA levels were non-white race (Exp β = 1.39; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.90), dyslipidemia (Exp β = 0.73; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.95) and self-reported depression during quarantine (Exp β = 0.71; 95% CI 0.52 to 0.96). Non-white race was positively associated with total levels of PA, while dyslipidemia, and self-reported depression during quarantine were negatively associated with total levels of PA. The identification of associated factors can facilitate the development of tailored strategies to increase PA levels ChD patients.

Comparative Study of Machine Learning Techniques for Insurance Fraud Detection

Insurance fraud has been a constant presence in the realm of insurance. However, as strategies and methods for committing insurance fraud have evolved, the frequency and volume of such fraudulent activities have also increased. An example of this is vehicle insurance fraud, which involves collaborating to fabricate false or exaggerated claims related to property damage or personal injuries resulting from an accident. Machine learning techniques seems to be more beneficial and great way to address the fraud in the insurance industry. This paper comprehensively examines existing research through a systematic literature review. This review aims to identify previously attempted approaches and evaluate which machine learning algorithm is best suited for this specific problem. This paper proposes a methodology for identifying fraudulent insurance claims. This approach can significantly improve efficiency and cost savings for insurance companies in handling such cases. The most popular traditional machine learning algorithms used to identify insurance fraud in the auto industry were found to be support vector machine, logistic regression, and random forest.

Télé-expertise en ophtalmologie au centre hospitalier universitaire de Rennes : évaluation de la plateforme sécurisée OMNIDOC au cours de sa première année d’utilisation

Ophthalmology as a specialty is a pioneer in the area of telemedicine. Remote consultation represents one of the 5 types of telemedicine services, with a growing volume of activity in university hospitals. In November 2020, the ophthalmology department of Rennes University Medical Center launched its remote consultation network with the secured platform OMNIDOC. The goal of this study was to assess its contribution during its first year of use. Beginning in November 2020, ophthalmology consults at Rennes University Medical Center were directed towards the dedicated OMNIDOC network. Three-hundred and forty-one requests for remote consultation were received and analyzed between November 2020 and October 2021. We sent a satisfaction survey to both the requesting and consultant physicians to assess whether or not the network was beneficial. Three-hundred and twenty-seven remote consultations requested by 126 practitioners were included in the study. The median response time was 6hours. Every field of the specialty was involved, of which 22.3% were for pediatric patients under 6years of age. Among the requests, 89.7% were regional (Brittany) and came mostly from ophthalmologists (61.77%). Nearly one out of two patients did not require an in-person consultation at Rennes University Medical Center. The implementation of a remote consultation network allowed access to a rapid, facilitated medical ophthalmology consultation. Such a platform delivers safety and traceability of the interactions. It enhances and optimizes the patients' care pathway and encourages relationships with community physicians.

Anomalous size dependent softening behaviors and related deformation mechanisms of Zr/Mo multilayers

As a representative of hcp/bcc metallic multilayers, the correlation between microstructures and mechanical properties of nanostructured Zr/Mo multilayers with were studied. Zr/Mo multilayers with different layer thicknesses were prepared by magnetron sputtering method. XRD and TEM analyses revealed that Zr/Mo multilayers have Zr (0002) and Mo (110) out-of-plane crystalline texture. The nanoindentation hardness of Zr/Mo multilayers is in the range of ∼9.9–10.8 GPa at h ≤ 10 nm, while decreases with reducing layer thickness at larger h, which is on the contrary of the common rule - smaller is stronger. The aforementioned strengthening mechanism applicable in multilayers, i.e., dislocation bowing-out in nanolayers is not suitable to explain this size dependent softening behavior, while the IBS model fits well with the measured hardness at h = 10 nm. This anomalous softening behavior at large layer thickness scales may be caused by its special structures and deformation mechanisms. Dislocations interact with the grain boundaries, instead of the interfaces, and grains rotation/grain boundaries sliding are the dominant deformation mechanism at large layer thickness scales. The size-dependent strain rate sensitivity and activation volume were also explored, to revealing the rate dependent deformation mechanisms.

The effect of injectable platelet-rich fibrin in combination with autogenous bone grafts on bone healing in an ovariectomized osteoporotic rat model with critical-sized defects.

To assess the impact of autogenous graft materials, including autogenous bone graft (ABG) and injectable platelet-rich fibrin (I-PRF) clots, on bone defect regeneration in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats. Wistar rats (6-8 weeks old) were ovariectomized, and surgery began after 8 weeks. A 5-mm defect was created bilaterally in the parietal bones of 16 rats, which were divided into 4 groups. Group A (blank) had untreated defects; group B had defects filled with 0.1 ml of I-PRF, group C had defects filled with 0.1 ml of ABG, and group D had defects filled with a combination of 0.1 ml each of I-PRF and ABG. Four weeks post-surgery, the rats were euthanized. Bone regeneration was evaluated through histopathologic analysis and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). In ovariectomized rats treated with ABG or I-PRF, bone regeneration was enhanced, with increased periosteal activity, osteoblast count, and new bone volume, as determined histologically. The ABG+I-PRF group had the highest periosteal vascularity, but the difference compared to the ABG group was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Osteoblast numbers were significantly higher in the ABG+I-PRF group than in the blank group (p<0.05). Micro-CT showed the highest mean new bone volume ratio in the ABG+I-PRF group, followed by the ABG group. The combined use of ABG and I-PRF enhances bone formation in osteoporotic rats following ovariectomy.

Progress toward absolute calibrations of DC x-ray sources from 1keV to >30keV for Z diagnostics applications.

Numerous x-ray diagnostics at the Z facility, time-resolved and time-integrated, would benefit from a local calibrated x-ray source. For many years, Z has used low-power Manson x-ray sources to provide some characterization information for components of Z diagnostics below 30keV. More recently, we have acquired TruFocus x-ray sources, which operate at voltages up to 100kV depending on the anode material and model. These DC sources have demonstrated good stability and repeatability. Absolute calibrations of either sources or detectors usually involve another calibrated detector from another source, which has not been readily available locally. Therefore, we have adopted the strategy of characterizing a sensitive semiconductor diode detector by controlling or inferring the active volume. This characterized detector is then used to scale the Manson x-ray spectral shape as measured by an Amptek energy-resolving detector. The result agrees well with the modeled source spectrum. We can apply this technique to the TruFocus as well.

Quantitative 99mTc-pyrophosphate myocardial uptake: Changes on transthyretin stabilization therapy

BackgroundQuantitative technetium-99m-pyrophosphate cardiac single-photon emission computed tomography (99mTc-PYP SPECT/CT) is an emerging method for estimating myocardial burden of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA), but its efficacy in monitoring longitudinal changes remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate longitudinal changes in cardiac ATTR amyloid burden following transthyretin stabilization therapy using visual and quantitative 99mTc-PYP SPECT/CT and to relate these with changes in cardiac biomarkers and function. MethodsThis prospective longitudinal cohort study investigated changes in 99mTc-PYP SPECT/CT in 23 participants with ATTR-CA on transthyretin stabilization therapy (median: 2.6 years). Quantitative analysis included left ventricular (LV) standardized uptake values (SUVs) (SUVmax, SUVmean), cardiac amyloid activity (CAA; SUVmean∗LV activity volume), and percent injected dose (%ID) (mean activity concentration∗LV activity volume/injected activity), calculated using a threshold of >1.5 times left atrial blood pool activity concentration on SPECT/CT. Longitudinal changes of paired continuous and ordinal variables were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. ResultsFollowing therapy, visual grade decreased significantly (P = 0.003). Several quantitative 99mTc-PYP metrics also decreased significantly: SUVmax (median −0.75, P = 0.011), CAA (median: −406.6, P < 0.001), and %ID (median: −0.45, P < 0.001). Serum transthyretin levels improved (median: +6.5 mg/dL, P = 0.008). Echocardiographic parameters (global longitudinal strain, LV mass index, and LV wall thickness), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and estimated glomerular filtration rate remained stable. ConclusionsFavorable changes in 99mTc-PYP myocardial uptake were observed in participants on transthyretin stabilization therapy, whereas echocardiographic parameters and biomarkers remained stable. These results likely signify myocardial ATTR amyloid stabilization rather than amyloid burden regression. Further investigation is needed to understand the implications of these findings.

Pore evolution and reaction mechanism of coal under the combination of chemical activation and autothermal oxidation

Aiming at the limitation problems such as limited scope, high cost and energy consumption of coal bed penetration enhancement technology by traditional physical and chemical methods, a coal seam methane penetration enhancement method based on the combined action of chemical activation and auto thermal oxidation is proposed from the idea of utilizing the in-situ energy of the coal body. In this paper, N2 and CO2 adsorption, XPS and FTIR methods are used to study the pore structure evolution law and the change characteristics of the reactive structure of coal matrix under the effect of chemically activated autothermal oxidation. The synergistic microporous pore volume of chemical activation and auto thermal oxidation was 48.91 cm3/g−1 × 10-3, which was 28.96 % and 22.7 % higher than chemical activation and auto thermal oxidation respectively; The microporous specific surface area was 162.7 m2/g, which was 38 % and 26.6 % higher than chemical activation and auto thermal oxidation respectively. Activated coals expand and merge holes to a deeper degree after oxidative warming, and the complexity of the pore structure in the coal decreases; Highly reactive radicals in coal pores substantially promote the oxidation of coal structure, enhance the aromatic polymerization reaction of activated coal, and improve the maturity and aromaticity of activated coal, and the oxygen-containing functional groups in activated coal are negatively correlated with the oxidation temperature. The results of this study reveal the potential of the auto thermal oxidation-driven penetration enhancement method under chemical activation for coal seam gas penetration enhancement and extraction.

The effect of constituent phases on microstructure and high temperature deformation mechanisms of IrRhRuWMo complex concentrated alloys

The alloys with different primary phases (BCC, BCC + HCP, HCP, FCC) were fabricated using the same alloying elements: Ir, Rh, Ru, W, and Mo. Comprehensive microstructure characterization and phase identification were performed to reveal all existing phases present within the selected alloys. In situ strain jump compression test was carried out to assess mechanical properties and explore underlying deformation mechanisms, both at room temperature (RT) and 1500 °C. While a noticeable discrepancy in 0.2 % proof stress was observed among the selected alloys at RT, the difference was significantly minimized at 1500 °C. Furthermore, while the dual-phase structure effectively increased the 0.2 % proof stress at RT, it had a detrimental effect at 1500 °C. All alloys obeyed the power-law relationship both at RT and 1500 °C, exhibiting relatively high stress exponents. Together with calculated activation volume, these findings suggested that different rate-limited deformation mechanisms were likely activated at RT and 1500 °C.

Centromedian region thalamic responsive neurostimulation mitigatesidiopathic generalized and multifocal epilepsy with focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures.

Although >30% of epilepsy patients have drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), typically those with generalized or multifocal disease have not traditionally been considered surgical candidates. Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) of the centromedian (CM) region of the thalamus now appears to be a promising therapeutic option for this patient population. We present outcomes following CM RNS for 13 patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) and eight with multifocal onsets that rapidly generalize to bilateral tonic-clonic (focal to bilateral tonic-clonic [FBTC]) seizures. A retrospective review of all patients undergoing bilateral CM RNS by the senior author through July 2022 were reviewed. Electrodes were localized and volumes of tissue activation were modeled in Lead-DBS. Changes in patient seizure frequency were extracted from electronic medical records. Twenty-one patients with DRE underwent bilateral CM RNS implantation. For 17 patients with at least 1 year of postimplantation follow-up, average seizure reduction from preoperative baseline was 82.6% (SD = 19.0%, median = 91.7%), with 18% of patients Engel class 1, 29% Engel class 2, 53% Engel class 3, and 0% Engel class 4. There was a trend for average seizure reduction to be greater for patients with nonlesional FBTC seizures than for other patients. For patients achieving at least Engel class 3 outcome, median time to worthwhile seizure reduction was 203.5 days (interquartile range = 110.5-343.75 days). Patients with IGE with myoclonic seizures had a significantly shorter time to worthwhile seizure reduction than other patients. The surgical targeting strategy evolved after the first four subjects to achieve greater anatomic accuracy. Patients with both primary and rapidly generalized epilepsy who underwent CM RNS experienced substantial seizure relief. Subsets of these patient populations may particularly benefit from CM RNS. The refinement of lead targeting, tuning of RNS system parameters, and patient selection are ongoing areas of investigation.

Features of overtime work payment by medical organizations

The problem of rationing the volume of labor activity is one of the urgent for medical workers. Questions regarding the duration of working hours for doctors of various specialties cause difficulties for both the workers themselves and for economists and accountants. One of the greatest difficulties from the point of view of domestic labor and tax legislation is caused by the aspects of registration and accounting in the calculation and reporting documentation of work performed in excess of the normal number of working hours, which is very common in the field of medicine — it is impossible to accurately schedule the time of work of medical personnel with each patient. This article discusses the specifics of recording and processing overtime work in the healthcare sector in compliance with accounting requirements and principles. In accordance with Article 99 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, key legal norms, organizational aspects, and methods of registration of overtime hours worked by employees of medical organizations are outlined and analyzed. On specific theoretical provisions and practical examples, the authors explore the processes of personnel and accounting for overtime work and specifics, proposing possible ways to regulate the process of accounting and tariffication of employees in accordance with the accounting policy of medical organizations.

Mechanical and Electrochemical Properties of Lithium Aluminoborate Glasses

The elastic moduli and the indentation behavior of glasses from the xLi2O-5Al2O3-(95−x)B2O3 system, with x = 35, 40, and 50 were characterized. Glasses become softer and less resistant to indentation cracking as the lithium content is increased, as a result of increasing the numbers of 3-fold coordinated boron and non-bridging oxygen atoms in this composition range. In parallel, the ionic conductivity at 25 °C is increased from 3.7 10–10 to 5.5 10–8 S∙cm–1, and the activation energy, as measured in the 10 to 90 °C ranges is between 55 (50 % Li2O) and 65 (35 % Li2O) kJ∙mol–1, which shows that the ionic diffusion of lithium is easier in Li-rich compositions. Measurements of the conductivity under a compressive load aligned with the electric field revealed a mechanical-electrical coupling. The change of the activation energy with the stress is associated with an activation volume, and thus a stress sensitivity, that is increased with the lithium content.

Compressibility, diffusivity, and elasticity in relationship with ionic conduction: An atomic scale description of densified Li2S${\rm Li}_2{\rm S}$–SiS2${\rm SiS}_2$ glasses

AbstractWe examine the dynamic and ionic properties of a typical sulfide glass electrolyte 50–50 using molecular dynamics simulations and a previously parameterized force‐field able to describe both the crystalline phase and the corresponding glass. We especially focus on the effect of moderate pressures on the glassy and supercooled state since the design of all‐solid state batteries use molding conditions at moderate pressures in order to achieve contact between the electrolyte and the electrodes. The behavior of the conductivity with pressure permits to define an activation volume and to infer the role of compressibility and diffusivity, the latter contributing dominantly to ionic conduction, whereas temperature does not seem to impact the structural properties. These features are linked with the underlying dynamics of the Li ions as studied here by computing the longitudinal and transversal atomic species current correlations. The resulting elasticity is found to be close to experimental values.