Volume Fraction Profiles Research Articles

CFD simulations of shear induced migration in pressure-driven flow with non-Brownian suspensions

Solid-liquid suspension systems exist widely in various industrial processes. Shear induced migration (SIM) is one of the important phenomena for suspension transport. With the development of model and computational effort, Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) methods have been adopted to predict the SIM process. The commonly used method for SIM simulation is the Morris and Boulay model, which has been commonly adopted in 2-dimensional flow. In this paper, the 3-dimensional CFD simulation of shear induced migration for non-Brownian suspensions was established. The discrepancy was found between the simulation and experimental results, indicating that modification of model parameters is required. The modified model parameters were obtained based on the comparison of simulation and experiment results. On this basis, solid volume fraction (ϕ) profiles of suspensions in concentric pipes and concentric square channels were explored and predicted. The influence of the inlet volume fraction (ϕ0), the ratio of half gap width to particle radius (H/a), and the ratio of outer wall radius to inner wall radius (R2/R1) were studied. For concentric pipes, asymmetric distributions between inner and outer wall of the solid volume fraction were observed. For concentric square channels, regional increase of ϕ was observed around the outer corner of the channel.

Haar wavelet scrutinization of heat and mass transfer features during the convective boundary layer flow of a nanofluid moving over a nonlinearly stretching sheet

In this study, we investigate steady-state convective boundary layer fluid flow of heat and mass transfer features of a nanofluid moving over a nonlinearly stretching sheet in detail. The nanofluid physical model of the problem comprises with effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The mathematical model scrutinizes mass, momentum and heat transfer equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations over infinite domain using suitable similarity variables. Haar wavelet collocation method is used to solve the resulting coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations with an infinite domain. The obtained results are validated with available numerical findings and the solutions are more efficient which confirm and verify the wavelet method. The impact of several interesting physical aspects viz. thermophoresis parameter, stretching parameter, Brownian motion and Schmidt number on nanoparticle volume fraction and temperature profile curves are graphically demonstrated. The derived quantities of various parameters on the rate of heat and mass transfer are depicted in tabular forms. It predicts that the increase in Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameter reduces the local Nusselt number. The local Sherwood number increases with an increase in the parameters of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. For both temperature and volume fraction profiles decreases due to an increase in the Schmidt number.

Thermal Analysis of 3D Electromagnetic Radiative Nanofluid Flow with Suction/Blowing: Darcy-Forchheimer Scheme.

This paper discusses the Darcy–Forchheimer three dimensional (3D) flow of a permeable nanofluid through a convectively heated porous extending surface under the influences of the magnetic field and nonlinear radiation. The higher-order chemical reactions with activation energy and heat source (sink) impacts are considered. We integrate the nanofluid model by using Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis. To convert PDEs (partial differential equations) into non-linear ODEs (ordinary differential equations), an effective, self-similar transformation is used. With the fourth–fifth order Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF45) approach using the shooting technique, the consequent differential system set is numerically solved. The influence of dimensionless parameters on velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle volume fraction profiles is revealed via graphs. Results of nanofluid flow and heat as well as the convective heat transport coefficient, drag force coefficient, and Nusselt and Sherwood numbers under the impact of the studied parameters are discussed and presented through graphs and tables. Numerical simulations show that the increment in activation energy and the order of the chemical reaction boosts the concentration, and the reverse happens with thermal radiation. Applications of such attractive nanofluids include plastic and rubber sheet production, oil production, metalworking processes such as hot rolling, water in reservoirs, melt spinning as a metal forming technique, elastic polymer substances, heat exchangers, emollient production, paints, catalytic reactors, and glass fiber production.

Stratification Mechanism in the Bidisperse Colloidal Film Drying Process: Evolution and Decomposition of Normal Stress Correlated with Microstructure.

The evolution of the normal stress and microstructure in the drying process of bidisperse colloidal films is studied using the Brownian dynamics simulation. Here, we show that the formation process of small-on-top stratification can be explained by normal stress development. At high PeL's, a stratified layer with small particles is formed near the interface. The accumulated particles near the interface induce the localization of normal stress so that the normal stress at the interface increases from the beginning of drying. We analyze this stress development from two points of view, on the global length scale and particle length scale. On the global length scale, the localization of normal stress is quantified by the scaled normal stress difference between the interface and substrate. For all PeL's tested in this study, the scaled normal stress difference increases until the accumulation region reaches the substrate. After the maximum, the stress difference remains at the maximum at lower PeL's, while it decreases at higher PeL's. The microstructural analysis shows that this stress development is explained through the evolution of the particle contact number distribution at the interface and substrate. On the particle length scale, we derive the scaled local force applied to each type of particle by decomposing the local normal stress. At high PeL's, the scaled local force for the large particle is large compared to that for the small particle near the interface, indicating that the large particles are strongly pushed away from the interface. Associating the volume fraction profile with the local force field, we suggest that the strong scaled force for the large particle is attributed to the significant increase in the average number of small particles in contact with large ones. This study has significance in probing the drying mechanism of bidisperse colloidal films and the stratification mechanism.

Three-dimensional dynamic characterization of square-nosed slugging phenomena in a fluidized bed

Slugging represents one of the major regimes in fluidization, which occurs in small diameter beds with large bed height-to-diameter ratio or in large diameter beds with internals that resemble multiple small diameter fluidized beds. Slug types include round-nosed slug, wall slug and square-nosed slug. Studies of the slugs have been mainly focused on round-nosed or wall slugs known as half slug, typically occurring in Geldart group A particle fluidization. The square-nosed slug typically occurring for Geldart group D particles appears to be regarded as simple in its structure. The Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT) imaging of the square-nosed slugging phenomena conducted in this study reveals otherwise. That is the structure of the square-nosed slug is, in fact, complex, particularly with respect to its dynamic variation in fluidization. More broadly, this study examines experimentally the hydrodynamic characteristics of the square-nosed fluidization regime. Specifically, simultaneous measurements from multiple ECVT sensors provide non-invasive, continuous, 3-dimensional imaging of the entire flow region of the slugging bed and hence enabling the dynamic characterization of the evolution of the slugs. The analysis of the 3D images reconstructed for real-time gas–solid volume fraction profile of the slugging fluidized bed indicates that there are three different zones, namely, the bottom fluidization zone, the gas slug zone, and the solid slug zone, co-existing in the bed. The three zones present different hydrodynamic characteristics during the slug evolution. It is found that varying the gas velocity of the slugging bed mainly varies the maximum length of the gas slug zone, while it only has a minor effect on the lengths of the bottom fluidization zone and solid slug zone. It also has an insignificant effect on the solid volume fraction of the three zones.

Radiation effects on 3D rotating flow of Cu-water nanoliquid with viscous heating and prescribed heat flux using modified Buongiorno model

In this article, the three-dimensional (3D) flow and heat transport of viscous dissipating Cu-H2O nanoliquid over an elongated plate in a rotating frame of reference is studied by considering the modified Buongiorno model. The mechanisms of haphazard motion and thermo-migration of nanoparticles along with effective nanoliquid properties are comprised in the modified Buongiorno model (MBM). The Rosseland radiative heat flux and prescribed heat flux at the boundary are accounted. The governing nonlinear problem subjected to Prandtl’s boundary layer approximation is solved numerically. The consequence of dimensionless parameters on the velocities, temperature, and nanoparticles volume fraction profiles is analyzed via graphical representations. The temperature of the base liquid is improved significantly owing to the existence of copper nanoparticles in it. The phenomenon of rotation improves the structure of the thermal boundary layer, while, the momentum layer thickness gets reduced. The thermal layer structure gets enhanced due to the Brownian movement and thermo-migration of nanoparticles. Moreover, it is shown that temperature enhances owing to the presence of thermal radiation. In addition, it is revealed that the haphazard motion of nanoparticles decays the nanoparticle volume fraction layer thickness. Also, the skin friction coefficients found to have a similar trend for larger values of rotation parameter. Furthermore, the results of the single-phase nanoliquid model are limiting the case of this study.

Numerical Analysis of Stratified and Slug Flows

The main purpose of this study is to compare two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) two-phase models for both stratified and slug flows. These two flow regimes interest mainly the petroleum and chemical industries. The volume of fluid (VOF) approach is used to predict the interface between the two-phase flows. The stratified turbulent flow corresponds to the oil-water phases through a cylindrical pipe. To simulate the turbulent stratified flow, the k − ω turbulence model is used. The slug laminar flow concerns the kerosene-water phases through a rectangular microchannel. The simulated results are validated using the previous experimental results available in the literature. For the stratified flow, the axial velocity and the water volume fraction profiles obtained by 2D and 3D models approximate the measurement profiles at the same test section. Also, the T-junction in a 2D model affects only the inlet vicinity. For downstream, the 2D and 3D models lead to the same axial velocity and water volume distribution. For the slug flow, the simulated results show that the 3D model predicts the thin film wall contrary to the 2D model. Moreover, the 2D model underestimates the slug length.

A study of convective nanofluid flow over a rough slender cylinder under the influence of magnetic field and species diffusion

AbstractThe present work explores the analysis of magnetohydrodynamics nonlinear mixed conv ective nanofluid flow over a vertical slender cylinder in the presence of surface roughness. The application of the present study can be found in the process of coating wires. In fact, during such a process, thin wires in the slender cylinder need to be cooled, and also heat and mass transfer rates need to be controlled through nanofluid and liquid hydrogen to yield better results. By employing nonsimilar transformations, the partial differential equations governing the flow problem are reduced to dimensionless equations. Furthermore, the Quasilinearization technique and implicit finite difference scheme are used to solve the dimensionless governing equations. The novelty of the analysis is the impacts of surface roughness, diffusion of liquid hydrogen, and the presence of nonlinear mixed convective flow over a slender cylinder. The numerical results reveal that the energy transport strength and surface drag coefficient enhance with the roughness parameter values. The nanoparticle volume fraction profile reduces, while nanoparticle Sherwood number enhances with increasing values of velocity ratio parameter. The presence of nanoparticles in the conventional fluid diminishes the energy transfer value significantly for both smooth and rough surfaces. The velocity of the fluid enhances with increasing values of the mixed convection parameter. Due to surface roughness ( ≠ 0), sinusoidal variations of the drag are observed along the length of the cylinder in comparison to smooth surface case ( = 0). The friction between the fluid and the wall rises for a rough surface because pockets of fluid are formed in the cavities due to surface asperities.

Effect of software implementation on the result of computational fluid dynamics simulation of circulating fluidized bed risers

AbstractWhile in scientific literature much focus is directed toward model validation, comparison, and even parametric investigations on individual model parameters, the possible effects of the used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software on the results are largely neglected. In this article, CFD modeling of circulating fluidized beds (CFB) are performed with Ansys Fluent and OpenFOAM to investigate the effect of software implementation on the simulation results. Transient Eulerian–Eulerian simulations are performed of two different laboratory‐scale CFB cold models in turbulent and circulating fluidized bed conditions. The same mesh and as identical models and settings as possible are utilized on both software. The obtained time‐average profiles of pressure, velocity, and solids volume fraction are compared between the software and with available measurements. A difference in the granular energy equation was identified between the software, and a modification was made to achieve the same formulation. The effect of boundary conditions was also investigated. It was found that depending on the case, the software could have a notable effect on the results. These differences are found especially in particle distribution, visible in the vertical pressure and solids volume fraction profiles as well as in external circulation mass flow rates.

Numerical study of a nonlinear density relation and binary reaction on nanofluid flow over a heated vertical surface with sinusoidal wall temperature

AbstractThis study discusses the impact of the nonlinear relationship between nonlinear density‐temperature and density‐concentration on a nanofluid flow with Arrhenius activation energy and sinusoidal wall temperature variations. The highly nonlinear partial differential equations that model the nanofluid flow are solved using the bivariate spectral local linearization method. In literature, it is known that certain thermal systems perform better at high temperatures. This performance may be influenced by the nonlinear temperature‐concentration‐dependent density relation, which accounts for optimal thermal and solutal transport in such systems. This study explores the impact of some physical parameters on the fluid transport properties, and the results show, among other findings, that the nonlinear density‐temperature leads to increased fluid velocity. In contrast, the nonlinear density‐concentration reduces the fluid speed. This study provides new insights into the impact of nonlinear density‐temperature and density‐concentration on fluid properties. Additionally, there is a development of destructive chemical reactions in the nanoparticle volume fraction profiles due to the Arrhenius activation energy.

Modeling the interstitial fluid effect in turbulent disperse slurry flow in a vertical pipe

A numerical study was conducted to assess the performance of a Two-Fluid Model (TFM) developed for gas-solid flow in predicting liquid-solid flow, as well as a TFM specifically modified for liquid-solid flow, which considers the effect of the interstitial fluid. Both cases use the Kinetic Theory of Granular Flow (KTGF) for prediction of the solid phase flow features. Some of the physics involved in gas-solid and liquid-solid flows is intuitively different, and some model terms that can be neglected in a gas-solid formulation turn out to be important for liquid-solid flow. For instance, the much larger density and viscosity of the liquid compared to a gas suggest that the solid particle fluctuations and collisions are reduced. Three intermediate model formulations were developed to assess the relevance of the interstitial terms. The intermediate model formulations, together with the two base case models, were assessed based on their predictions for the case of fully developed, turbulent, steady flow of a liquid solid mixture in a vertical pipe. The main differences in the model formulations pertain to the transport equations for the streamwise liquid momentum, granular temperature and turbulence kinetic energy. The predictions considered such flow features as: the velocity profiles of both the liquid and solid phases, the solids volume fraction profile and budgets of the transport equations for the granular temperature and turbulence kinetic energy. The results obtained were used to identify the most significant model terms. These include modified formulations for the solids viscosity and granular temperature conductive coefficient to include the effects of the interstitial fluid. The single most important term was the model for the long-range particle fluctuations through the fluid, which played a dominant role in the balance of the turbulence kinetic energy and granular temperature transport equations. The present analysis demonstrates that this term should be reconfigured as a sink term in the granular temperature equation and a source term in the turbulence kinetic energy equation. With this modification, the numerical predictions were much closer to the experimental data, especially in terms of the solids volume fraction profile.

Heat Transport of Casson Nanofluid Flow over a Melting Riga Plate Embedded in a Porous Medium

This article investigates the flow of Casson nanofluid induced by a stretching Riga plate in the presence of a porous medium. The implication of the Riga plate is to generate electromagnetohydrodynamic force which influences the fluid speed, and as well applicable in delaying boundary layer separation. The complexity of the equations governing the problem is reduced using similarity transformation. The resulting coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved by employing Chebyshev collocation scheme (CCS) and validated with Galerkin weighted residual method (GWRM). The influence of parameters, such as modified Hartmann number and melting parameter, on the nanofluid flow, heat, and mass transfer is considered. Some of the major findings include that modified Hartmann number tends to increase nanofluid flow. Also, increasing the value of melting parameter is in favor of both velocity and nanoparticle volume fraction profiles but diminishes temperature profile. The application of this work can be found in polymer synthesis, metallic processing, and electromagnetic crucible systems.

NNumerical investigation of bubble interaction mechanisms in gas-liquid bubbly flows: Harmonisation of bubble breakup and coalescence effects

Numerical investigation of the dynamics of gas-liquid bubbly flow has been performed by using the population balance approach. Using the homogeneous MUSIG model coupled with the two-fluid model, the evolution of bubble size distribution in vertical pipes has been simulated with appropriate consideration of bubble interaction mechanisms. In particular, the study focuses on harmonising the imbalance often associated with breakup and coalescence rates by performing extensive numerical investigations for the examination and comparison of different model formulations to harmonise the coalescence calibration factor of Prince and Blanch (1990) model. To avoid the fine-tuning procedure of selecting calibration factors to harmonise the breakup and coalescence effects, a breakup calibration factor of 1.0 (default setting in ANSYS CFX) was used and three different expressions area-averaged and included as the coalescence calibration factor for the model of Prince and Blanch (1990) modelled using CFX Expression Language (CEL). The performance of the three different “cases” (modifications) has been investigated, compared with each other and validated against the experimental data reported by Monrós et al. (2013). In general, the comparison has shown that all the “cases” yielded satisfactory results when the numerical results were compared with five primitive experimental parameters, namely: gas volume fraction, interfacial area concentration, Sauter mean bubble diameter, gas velocity and liquid velocity. The encouraging results obtained clearly show the capability of the “cases” modelled in capturing the evolution of the bubble sizes. The agreement with the gas volume fraction profiles indicates a level of confidence in the interfacial force models used. Similarly, the agreement seen with the interfacial area concentration indicates that the “cases” modelled for the birth and death processes are reasonably adequate to describe the bubble dynamics. Overall, the comparison shows that the model labelled as “case 2” presented the best results in most of the experimental conditions simulated.

Two Phase CFD Simulations in Stagnant Water Pools: Unsteady Temperature and Level Variation

In the present work, CFD simulations of transient temperature increase in a pool of water due to indirect contact heating in the middle of the pool has been presented. CFD simulations have been able to mimic the transient phenomena of increase in temperature throughout the pool eventually leading to evaporation of water at the top surface and decrease in the level of the pool due to thermal stratification after several hours of operation. The CFD model is first validated with experimental temperature and water vapour volume fraction profiles at a particular level of the pool from the literature. Predictions show good agreement of less than 10% variation is observed. Spatial temperature profiles for different times are analysed to understand the pool boiling in such pools. The profiles indicate thermal stratification after 10000 seconds. Further, analysis transient variation of stratification parameter confirms the strong thermal stratification after 10000 seconds. The evaporation rate after 10000 seconds from top surface have been measured and compared with empirical models from liter

Direct Numerical Simulation of Sediment Transport in Turbulent Open Channel Flow Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method

The lattice Boltzmann method is employed to conduct direct numerical simulations of turbulent open channel flows with the presence of finite-size spherical sediment particles. The uniform particles have a diameter of approximately 18 wall units and a density of ρp=2.65ρf, where ρp and ρf are the particle and fluid densities, respectively. Three low particle volume fractions ϕ=0.11%, 0.22%, and 0.44% are used to investigate the particle-turbulence interactions. Simulation results indicate that particles are found to result in a more isotropic distribution of fluid turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) among different velocity components, and a more homogeneous distribution of the fluid TKE in the wall-normal direction. Particles tend to accumulate in the near-wall region due to the settling effect and they preferentially reside in low-speed streaks. The vertical particle volume fraction profiles are self-similar when normalized by the total particle volume fractions. Moreover, several typical transport modes of the sediment particles, such as resuspension, saltation, and rolling, are captured by tracking the trajectories of particles. Finally, the vertical profiles of particle concentration are shown to be consistent with a kinetic model.

Influence of Variable Properties on Quadratic Convective Flow of Casson Nanofluid Past an Inclined Plane

In this study, the combined effects of thermophysical fluid properties alongside nonlinear thermal and solutal convective processes in an inclined flow region containing Casson nanofluid subjected to slip and convective boundary conditions are considered. Application of induced non-uniform magnetic field strength applied perpendicular to the flow plane and the buoyancy influences are believed responsible for the quadratic convection rate. The prime PDEs are renewed to systems of ODEs via applicable transformations and similarity variables. Assuming a series trial solution, the flow distribution results were obtained numerically by collocation approach with Legendary polynomial basis function. Validation of the numerical results plays favorably when compared with the weighted residual method (Galerkin) and the existing literature. The results reveal that; Casson fluid exhibit a solid characteristic when yield stress is more than the shear stress, pronouncement of nonlinear solutal and thermal buoyancy effects predicts the acceleration of the flow fields greatly compared to the linear model, adherence between the fluid particles and flow surface displayed retardation in shear force thus enhanced the motion of Casson fluid and diminished the energy fields, surface suspension suppressesbthe flow but energizes both temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction profiles.

Experimental Characterization of Flame Structure and Soot Volume Fraction of Premixed Kerosene Jet A-1 and Surrogate Flames

Modeling the chemical reactions and soot processes in kerosene flames is important to support the design of future generations of low-emission aircraft engines. To develop and validate these models, detailed experimental data from model flames with well-defined boundary conditions are needed. Currently, only few data from experiments with real aircraft engine fuels are available. This paper presents measurements of temperature, species and soot volume fraction profiles in premixed, flat flames using Jet A-1 kerosene and a two-component surrogate blend. Measurements were performed using a combination of TDLAS, GC and laser extinction. The results show that the flame structure in terms of temperature and species profiles of the kerosene and surrogate flames are very similar but differ greatly in the resulting soot volume fractions. Furthermore, the study shows that the available chemical mechanisms can correctly predict the temperature profiles of the flames but show significant differences from the experimentally observed species profiles. The differences in the sooting tendency of the kerosene and the surrogate are further investigated using detailed chemical mechanisms.

Experimental study of two-phase flow structure in churn-turbulent to annular flows

The local phase distribution of adiabatic air-water two-phase flow in churn-turbulent to annular flows was experimentally investigated using the Two-Sensor Droplet-Capable Conductivity Probe (DCCP-2). The experiments were performed in a 2.54 cm inner diameter vertical round pipe at downward flows. Twelve flow conditions in churn-turbulent to annular flows were chosen for the current study. The inlet superficial gas velocity ranged from 5.68 m/s to 17.19 m/s, and the inlet superficial liquid velocity ranged from 1.21 m/s to 2.64 m/s. The DCCP-2 is able to distinguish droplets, liquid ligaments, bubbles, and continuous gas. The radial profiles of volume fraction, frequency, axial interfacial velocity, and chord length of droplets, ligaments and bubbles were measured. The experimental results showed that gas volume fraction had a center-peak distribution, and the maximum gas volume fraction in centerline could exceed 95%. The volume fraction of droplets was very low, only on the order of 0.1%. Droplet concentration also showed a center-peak distribution. Both ligament and bubble volume fraction showed a near-wall peak distribution. The ligament volume fraction in the near wall region could reach 80%, which indicated the existence of a film region near the wall and likely includes surface waves on the film. The volume fraction profile of gas, droplets, ligaments, and bubbles showed the tomography structure in churn-turbulent to annular flows. The effects of flow conditions on phase distribution were also studied. An interesting feature was that both the increase of gas flux and the increase of liquid flux tended to increase the bubble volume fraction. The statistical distribution of droplet size was found to be invariant of radial position. The droplet velocity at centerline was generally larger than the superficial gas velocity, which can be attributed to the gravitational effects at downward flows.

Validation of a morphology adaptive multi-field two-fluid model considering counter-current stratified flow with interfacial turbulence damping

Stratified flows are one of the most important multiphase flow regimes for safety analyses of the loss-of-coolant accident in pressurized water reactors. The present paper considers simulations of an isothermal counter-current stratified flow case in the channel of the WENKA (Water Entrainment Channel Karlsruhe) experiment using a morphology adaptive multi-field two-fluid modelling framework. A consistent momentum interpolation approach is applied together with the partial elimination algorithm, as it is required for strong momentum coupling, which enforces the no-slip condition at the interface and mirrors the behaviour of a homogeneous model. To model the turbulent flow conditions near an interface, the framework is extended with a turbulence damping model based on the damping scale formulation from the literature, which is introduced into the k-ω SST (Shear Stress Transport) turbulence model. The presented modelling approach is validated with experimental data for the pressure difference and vertical profiles of volume fraction, velocity and turbulent kinetic energy. Results of a mesh sensitivity study of the model are presented. Simulations were performed on two- and three-dimensional models of the channel geometry. Two turbulence damping strategies are investigated: symmetric, with damping in both phases, and asymmetric with damping only in the gas phase. The comparison shows that the asymmetric approach offers improved prediction of turbulent kinetic energy on the liquid side of the interface, but with a cost of diminished accuracy of the predicted velocity profiles on the gas side.

Pore‐scale modelling of immiscible displacement of ScCO2‐brine in a homogeneous porous network using direct numerical method

AbstractIn this work, the pore‐scale dynamics of immiscible displacement of ScCO2–brine in a homogeneous pore network is studied using the volume of fluid method. The simulation results are verified with the theoretical equation and literature experimental data. First, the pore‐space filling is performed in a unit pore cell having an equal and unequal pore throat for both drainage and spontaneous imbibition. It is observed that the pore‐space filling sequence for drainage follows the rules described by the Young‐Laplace equation whereas the filling sequence did not follow the rule for spontaneous imbibition. Secondly, the simulation is performed for a homogeneous pore network. It is found that the transverse average volume fraction of ScCO2 from the simulation matches with the experimental data for intermediate and higher capillary numbers. Further, the present simulation is extended to study the flow regime identification and viscosity ratio and contact angle effects on ScCO2 volume fraction profile.