Volume Capacity Research Articles

Accelerated Capacity and Cycling Performance via Facile Instantaneous Precipitation Induced Amorphization for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Conversion-alloying anodes have garnered escalating attention with high theoretical capacity, however, they are seriously hindered by large volume distortion and capacity fading. To counter, structural modification needs more exploration. Herein, advantageous structure and high-performance are realized in new amorphous PbSb2 O6 (PSO-a) nanosphere via facile instantaneous precipitation induced amorphization; conversion-alloying mechanism endows it with prominent lithium-storage capability; nanostructure can shorten ion-transfer distance and accommodate volume change outside the bulk of PSO-a; and loosely-stacked isotropic amorphous structure can enhance kinetics both at electrode/electrolyte interfaces and in the bulk. Volume change is synergistically stabilized from within to outside the bulk, leading to accelerated capacity and cycling. As expected, when employed in half-cells with 1 m LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate/dimethyl carbonate/fluoroethylene carbonate (3:3:3:1 by mass) as electrolyte, glass microfiber filter as separator, and pure lithium foil as counter electrode, it realizes eminent performance with high specific capacity of 1512.6 mA h g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and 755.1 mA h g-1 after 1000 cycles at 3 A g-1 . To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time PbSb2 O6 is utilized as high-performance anode for lithium-ion batteries. Furthermore, this facile strategy provides a promising direction for high-performance amorphous anode material.

Temporal-spatial variation and regulatory mechanism of carbon budgets in territorial space through the lens of carbon balance: A case of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River urban agglomerations, China

As China’s largest cross-regional urban agglomerations, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River urban agglomerations (MRYRUA) possess both significant societal carbon source volume and ecological carbon sequestration capacity. Nevertheless, with the uncontrolled expansion of urban energy consumption activities and the industry migration from eastern coastal regions to inland cities, the carbon budget pattern of territorial space is increasingly unbalanced in the MRYRUA. To achieve low-carbon regulation, this study utilized land use and energy consumption data from 31 cities within the MRYRUA to establish a “carbon source-carbon sink” quantification and spatiotemporal exploration model, revealing the spatial-temporal variation of carbon budgets from 2005 to 2020. Furthermore, we developed a carbon balance indicator analysis system by employing the carbon offset rate (COR), carbon productivity (CP), Gini coefficient, ecological support coefficient (ESC), economic contribution coefficient (ECC), and functional zoning was performed. Finally, using the GM (1,1) model, we derived the carbon budget pattern for 2050 and explored the differentiated regulatory mechanisms under the carbon balance perspective. The results indicated that: (1) The MRYRUA’s territorial carbon budgets have increased annually, displaying a spatial distribution pattern with the highest values in the central region, followed by the northwest, and the lowest in the southeast near water bodies. The spatiotemporal differentiation effects manifest as an east–west axial development trend, with spatiotemporal clustering effects demonstrating a propensity for outward dispersion from the northern hot spot radiation core. (2) The MRYRUA’s COR has consistently remained below 10% and decreased annually, while the CP has shown a yearly increase at an accelerating rate. The ESC and ECC exhibit evident spatial heterogeneity among cities. In response to the carbon emission economic benefits and carbon sequestration ecological carrying capacity reflected by carbon balance indicators, each city was classified into low-carbon economic zones, carbon intensity control zones, carbon sink functional zones, and high-carbon optimization zones. (3) From 2020 to 2050, the polarization trend of the carbon budget pattern continues to intensify. Subsequently, we have established a differentiated territorial spatial carbon balance regulatory mechanism. This mechanism strengthens the leading role of low-carbon economic zones in the green low-carbon transition, moderately retains the carbon sink functional zones in the southeast with solid carbon fixation capabilities, and promotes the transition of the northern carbon intensity control zones and high-carbon optimization zones to low-carbon economic zones. The research findings provide a scientific basis for formulating territorial spatial planning policies from a carbon neutrality perspective.

Assessment of the clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial lung diseases: a retrospective evaluation.

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) stands as the most prevalent form of inflammatory arthritis, affecting approximately 1% of the population. Among individuals diagnosed with RA, a notable proportion, ranging from 10% to 40%, also experience Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (RA-ILD). This coexistence of RA and ILD has been identified as a detrimental factor contributing to increased mortality rates. Furthermore, RA-ILD often exhibits an insidious nature, posing challenges in its timely detection and management. Hence, our objective was to conduct a retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics observed in patients who underwent evaluation for RA-ILD. A total of 87 patients who were evaluated for RA-ILD within one year were included in the study. This study was conducted retrospectively using a cross-sectional and descriptive approach to analyze the demographic and clinical data of the included patients. Among the 87 patients, eight were diagnosed with RA-ILD, with four being male and four being female. Of the eight patients, two had non-specific interstitial pneumonia, five had usual interstitial pneumonia, and one had nodules consistent with RA. Subpleural fibrosis increased the likelihood of RA-ILD by 6.9 times. In the group with ILD, the residual volume and total capacity were found to be lower compared to the other group. Among the eight patients diagnosed with RA-ILD, five had used methotrexate before the diagnosis. In order to mitigate the risk of delayed diagnosis of RA-ILD, which can lead to increased mortality and has a subtle onset, it is recommended that patients with RA who possess certain risk factors undergo regular monitoring. It is advisable for RA patients to undergo annual assessments involving carbon monoxide diffusion capacity and spirometry function tests. In cases, where deemed necessary, more advanced investigations such as high-resolution computed tomography should be conducted.

OA-Cache: Oracle Approximation-Based Cache Replacement at the Network Edge

With the explosive increase in mobile data traffic generated by various application services like video-on-demand and stringent quality of experience requirements of users, mobile edge caching is a promising paradigm to reduce delivery latency and network congestions by serving content requests locally. However, how to conduct cache replacement when the cache is full is a challenging issue when faced with enormous content volume and limited cache capacity at the network edge while the future request pattern is unknown ahead. In this paper, we propose a cache replacement algorithm based on the oracle approximation named OA-Cache in an end-to-end manner to maximize the cache hit rate. Specifically, we construct a complex model that uses a temporal convolutional network to capture the long and short dependencies between content requests. Then, an attention mechanism is adopted to find out the correlations between requests in the sliding window and cached contents. Instead of training a policy to mimic Belady that evicts the content with the longest reuse distance, we cast the learning task into a classification model to distinguish unpopular contents from popular ones. Finally, we apply the knowledge distillation approach to assist in transferring knowledge from a large pre-trained complex network to a lightweight network to readily accommodate to the network edge scenario. To validate the effectiveness of OA-Cache, we conduct extensive experiments on real-world datasets. The evaluation results demonstrate that OA-Cache can achieve better performance compared to candidate algorithms.

Design and Fabrication of Solar-Powered Portable Thermoelectric Refrigeration System for Thermolabile Pharmaceuticals

Abstract: In order to maintain the therapeutic efficacy of thermolabile medicine and vaccines, electrical energy must be continuously supplied. For remote areas lacking access to electrical electricity, this poses a serious dilemma. The potency level of thermolabile medications and vaccines is decreased, particularly during last-mile delivery, which causes significant financial loss. In this study, we designed and developed a portable active refrigeration system that runs on solar photovoltaic cells for the refrigeration of thermolabile pharmaceuticals to be utilized in rural areas without access to electricity, especially to facilitate last-mile vaccination delivery. The system makes use of a thermoelectric refrigeration system that, when given electrical power, causes a temperature difference based on the Peltier effect. It will be demonstrated that a solar panel with a peak power of roughly 50W and batteries with a storage capacity of 10Ah are needed for a typical application for vaccine refrigeration. The developed refrigeration system has a 3-liter volume capacity and can store 150 vaccine ampules, each with a 10ml capacity, at temperatures between 2°C to 8°C using a Peltier cell (TEC), that consumes 66 W at 12V

Modular robotic manipulator and ground assembly system for on-orbit assembly of space telescopes

In the field of astronomical observation, large space telescopes are key tools for deep space exploration. However, the aperture of space telescopes is limited by the ability to fabricate large monolithic mirrors or lenses and by severe restrictions on the overall volume and mass capacity of the launch vehicle. The use of robots for autonomous assembly while in orbit is a promising option for the deployment of large-aperture space telescopes. In this paper, we describe a modular robotic manipulator that offers high precision and flexibility. A space telescope ground assembly system is then designed, the key components of which are a redundant robotic manipulator and a reconfigurable telescope unit. The ground-based assembly of the space telescope is implemented through a combination of trajectory planning, visual perception, and robotic supple control techniques, validating the ability of the robotic manipulator to automatically assemble modular space telescopes. Finally, the developed robotic manipulator is used to conduct ground assembly demonstration experiments, and the modular space telescope is assembled according to the assembly task plan, accumulating technical experience for future space telescope assembly tasks in orbit.

Predicting Hydrological Change in an Alpine Glacierized Basin and Its Sensitivity to Landscape Evolution and Meteorological Forcings

AbstractShifting precipitation patterns, a warming climate, changing snow dynamics and retreating glaciers are occurring simultaneously in glacierized mountain headwaters. To predict future hydrological behavior in an exemplar glacierized basin, a spatially distributed, physically based cold regions process hydrological model including on and off‐glacier process representations was applied to the Peyto Glacier Research Basin in the Canadian Rockies. The model was forced with bias‐corrected outputs from a high‐resolution Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF‐PGW) atmospheric simulation for 2000–2015, and under pseudo‐global warming for 2085–2100 under a business‐as‐usual climate change scenario. The simulations show that the end‐of‐century increase in precipitation nearly compensates for the decreased ice melt associated with almost complete deglaciation, resulting in a decrease in annual streamflow of 7%. However, the timing of streamflow advances drastically, with peak flow shifting from July to June, and August streamflow dropping by 68%. To examine the sensitivity of future hydrology to possible future drainage basin biophysical attributes, the end‐of‐century simulations were run under a range of initial conditions and parameters and showed the highest sensitivity to initial ice volume and surface water storage capacity. This comprehensive examination suggests that hydrological compensation between declining icemelt and increasing rainfall and snowmelt runoff as well as between deglaciation and increasing basin depressional storage capacity play important roles in determining future streamflow in a rapidly deglaciating high‐mountain environment. Conversely, afforestation and soil development had relatively smaller impacts on future hydrology.

Preparation, characterization and in vitro digestion of octenyl succinic anhydride-modified porous starch with different degrees of substitution

Octenyl succinic anhydride modified porous starch (OSA-PS) with degrees of substitution (DS) from 0.0123 to 0.0427 were prepared by aqueous phase method. From SEM, PS had a porous structure which showed a rough and corrosive surface after esterification with OSA. FT-IR revealed the characteristic peaks of OSA-PS at 1725 cm−1 and 1570 cm−1. From 1H NMR spectra, OSA-PS displayed extra chemical signal peaks at 0.85 ppm, 1.25 ppm and 1.96 ppm. These results fully demonstrated that OSA groups were successfully grafted onto PS. Furthermore, as DS increased, the specific surface area (5.6464 m2/g), pore volume (0.9959 × 10−2 cm3/g) and methylene blue adsorption capacity (24.3962 mg/g) of OSA-PS reached the maximum, while its relative crystallinity (26.8112 %) and maximum thermal decomposition temperature (291.96 °C) were the minimum. In vitro digestion studies showed that with the increase of DS, OSA-PS' contents of rapidly digestible starch and slowly digestible starch decreased from 9.06 % to 6.27 % and 28.38 % to 14.61 %, respectively. In contrast, its resistant starch had an increase in content from 62.56 % to 79.12%. The results provided an effective method for obtaining a double-modified starch with high specific surface area and anti-digestibility, thus broadening the industrial application of starch.

Indium Alloy as Anodes for Rechargeable Calcium Ion Batteries at Room Temperature

Rechargeable multivalent ion batteries are poised to deliver the necessary breakthroughs in energy density and stability required for extended-range electric vehicles and large-scale grid energy storage. Calcium ion batteries are of interest owing to their high theoretical energy densities, natural abundance, and safety, yet are hindered by calcium’s strong interactions with non-aqueous electrolyte solutions and a general lack of suitable intercalation hosts. In order to realize the high voltage and theoretical capacity of a calcium-ion battery, replacement of the Ca metal anode with new electrode materials that can operate reversibly in conventional electrolyte systems is necessary, beginning with fundamental studies to identify novel intercalation or alloy-type hosts which can provide high-Ca content while avoiding considerable volume expansion and capacity loss. In this work, research into a novel indium anode as a host for Ca2+ ions in conventional electrolytes at room temperature is presented.

Milk production and anatomical udder capacity changes of udder halves subjected to increased milking frequency at two stages of lactation

This study aimed to characterize the effects of increased milking frequency (IMF) at early and mid-lactation on milk yield and its association with changes in cistern and alveolar capacity. Fourteen multiparous Holstein cows were subjected to IMF using the unilateral frequent milking method from 3 to 24 d in milk (DIM). At mid-lactation, cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: control or repeated. From 150 to 170 DIM, IMF treatment was reimposed in the repeated group. During IMF, left udder halves were milked 2× and right udder halves were milked 4× daily. To separate individual milk yields of udder halves, separate buckets were used to collect samples from each udder half. Milk samples and milk yield from right and left udder halves were collected on d 150, 170, 200, 230, 260, and 290 of lactation. Alveolar and cistern capacity were measured 26 h after the last milking at 140 and 172 DIM using an oxytocin inhibitor. Cistern and alveolar capacity were measured by evaluating the milk harvested after oxytocin inhibitor and oxytocin administration, respectively. Udder half difference yields were calculated by subtracting left half yield from right half yield. At 170 DIM, the udder half difference in repeated was 2.27 kg greater than the udder half difference in control. Udder halves milked 4× produced more milk and protein than 2× udder halves in the repeated group at 170, 200, 230, and 260 DIM. Cumulative (150 to 290 DIM) and carry over (200 to 290 DIM) udder half differences in milk yield were similar between the control and repeated treatments. Alveolar volume was similar between udder halves milked 2× or 4× at 140 DIM, while cistern volume was larger for udder halves milked 4× than 2× in early lactation. There was no difference between alveolar or cistern volume proportion in udder halves milked 2× or 4× before mid-lactation IMF. After 20 d IMF for the repeated group, alveolar volume was similar between control and repeated independent of udder half milking frequency. However, repeated held 4.9 kg more cistern milk than control. Control treatment udder halves had a greater alveolar proportion than repeated treatment udder halves. As expected, the cistern proportion was smaller in control and larger in repeated after mid-lactation IMF. IMF at early and mid-lactation enhances milk and protein yield largely during differential milking frequency regimens. The lack of enhancement in milk yield after IMF might be associated with a different response to IMF in the mammary gland at early versus mid-lactation. Based on our results, we conclude that udder halves subjected to early and mid-lactation IMF had increased cistern volume capacity.

Multi-omics approaches revealed the therapeutic mechanisms of Suo-Quan-Wan for treating overactive bladder in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Ethnopharmacological relevanceSuo-Quan-Wan (SQW), a traditional Chinese prescription, has been used for hundreds of years to alleviate overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms such as frequent and nocturnal urination. However, limited modern research on OAB therapeutic targets has hindered the use and development of SQW. Aim of the studyThis study aimed to investigate the biological mechanisms and key targets of SQW on OAB in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) using an integrated analysis of network pharmacology, transcriptome and metabolome. MethodsRats were divided into five groups: model group (SHR), control group (WKY), darifenacin group, high dose (SQWH) and low dose (SQWL) group. Urodynamic parameters and histological examination were detected. Network pharmacology, transcriptome, and metabolome were used to screen for disease gene targets, differential mRNA, and differential metabolites, respectively. The biological targets and mechanisms of SQW for OAB were analyzed. Western blotting was performed to verify the proteins of key differential targets. ResultsUrodynamics revealed a significant decrease in storage parameters in SHR. After SQW treatment, the inter-contraction interval, voided volume and bladder capacity increased by 2–3 times, as well as bladder compliance. Additionally, SQW improved the pathological changes in the urinary tract epithelium and the detrusor layer of the bladder in SHR. Metabolomic results showed an increase in arachidonic acid (AA) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in plasma, suggesting the involvement of arachidonic acid metabolism and purine metabolism in SQW treatment. The downregulation of cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1), thromboxane-A synthase (TBXAS1), polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5), and cAMP-specific 3′,5′-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) were confirmed through topological analysis and Venn analysis of omics data and network pharmacology. These proteins affected the metabolism of AA and cAMP, respectively, and consequently affected downstream proteins, such as transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel proteins (e.g. TRPV1, TRPA1, and TRPM8), myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), and the phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain (p-MLC). ConclusionThis study initially elucidated the importance of AA and cAMP in the treatment of SQW, indicating the AA-CYP1B1/TBXAS1/ALOX5-TRPA1/TRPV1/TRPM8 and cAMP-PDE4B-MLCK-p-MLC pathways as the important pathways in SQW-treated SHR bladder in vivo.

Red blood cell capacity of modern menstrual products: considerations for assessing heavy menstrual bleeding

BackgroundHeavy menstrual bleeding affects up to one third of menstruating individuals and has a negative impact on quality of life. The diagnosis of heavy menstrual bleeding is based primarily on...

Bigger, stronger and cheaper: growth in e-cigarette market driven by disposable devices with more e-liquid, higher nicotine concentration and declining prices

ObjectiveGiven the evolving changes in the disposable e-cigarette market, we explore patterns of sales in the USA by e-liquid volume capacity, nicotine strength and real sales-weighted average prices by both...

Performance Analysis of Extraction Machine Using Ohmic Technology for Producing Anthocyanin

Extraction is one of the important processes for obtaining anthocyanins as natural dyes. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of the extraction apparatus using ohmic technology to produce anthocyanins. This study used a series of ohmic heating consisting of tubular pipes with a diameter of 6 cm and a length of 5.5 cm with a volume capacity of 100 ml. This extraction machine was completed with two electrodes that each have a thickness of 10 mm. The performance of extraction machines using ohmic technology was analyzed by using various voltages of 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 Volts/cm. The result showed that the voltage affected the electric current of the machine. The voltage of 60 Volts/cm was able to produce the largest average electric current of 5.28 A with the greatest electric current achievement of up to 6.21 A. The result showed that increasing the voltage during the extraction process reduced the time needed to reach the expected temperature. The fastest time was achieved in the voltage of 60 Volts/cm with an average time of 11.3 seconds. The increased voltage in the extraction treatment also affects the total anthocyanin produced. The highest total anthocyanin was obtained from a voltage gradient of 60 Volts/cm with a value of 288.014 mg/L and a yield of 14.4%.

Reducing flood risk and improving system resiliency in Sacramento, California: overcoming obstacles and emerging solutions

Sacramento, the capital of California, has a population of over 2 million and is one of the most flood prone regions in the nation. Its problems exemplify those of many urban communities built near riverine and deltaic systems, that are subject to climate change. The city and its surrounding communities are protected by an elaborate system of levees and flood bypasses; but aging infrastructure, expected increases in extreme wet weather, and projected sea level rise are increasing the risk of levee failures. We explore how flood management approaches including social/institutional (non-structural), traditional structural, and ecological based approaches are being implemented in the Lower Sacramento/North Delta Region amid significant obstacles, to build resilient flood management systems. We review four case studies, one structural levee project and three multi-benefit projects that are only recently being implemented. We also examine the barriers, constraints, and challenges for implementing flood protection projects, and how project proponents are collectively working through these obstacles. We conclude that significant progress has been made in building flood resiliency since the 2008 Central Valley Flood Protection Act and the release of the 2012 Central Valley Flood Protection Plan. Informational tools and policies are being developed to educate the public and prepare for floods. Structural levee investments are substantial and are being implemented through partnerships. Statewide policies and investments are increasingly supporting multi-benefit projects that incorporate ecological restoration/enhancement while expanding flood volume capacity. Progress on implementing multi-benefit projects has been slow, due to land acquisition, easements, funding, regulatory and construction challenges; however, solutions to these impediments are emerging to facilitate more rapid progress. It is essential to continue and intensify the progress made in the last two decades, by learning from past projects, and improving on existing pathways to implement sustainable projects at a faster rate.

First Principle Study on Structural, Thermoelectric, and Magnetic Properties of Cubic CdCrO3 Perovskites: A Comprehensive Analysis

The primary objective of contemporary manufacturing is to produce items that are low-cost, environmentally friendly, and energy efficient. This study aimed to investigate compounds that fulfil these criteria, with a focus on CdCrO3. The full potential linearized augmented plane wave program (FP LAPW), as in Wien2K, was employed to examine the structural, electronic, thermodynamic, and transport characteristics of the material. Structural optimization was carried out using generalized gradient approximation (GGA), with lattice constants that were deemed satisfactory based on previous theoretical and experimental results. Calculations of the magnetic characteristics of CdCrO3 show that the Cr atoms are principally responsible for magnetism. The quasi-harmonic Debye model allows for the identification of thermodynamic properties including trends, the relative Debye temperature, thermal expansion parameter, relative volume, and heat capacity at various pressures and temperatures. At constant volume, a heat capacity of 52 J/mol K was determined. The thermoelectric properties were examined using the Boltzmann transport offered by the BoltzTrap program. At room temperature, CdCrO3 had a figure of merit (ZT) value that was almost equal to one, indicating that it may be used to make thermoelectric devices with the highest possible efficiency.

Effect of water on CO2 absorption by a novel anhydrous biphasic absorbent: Phase change behavior, absorption performance, reaction heat, and absorption mechanism

The ionic liquids (ILs)-based biphasic absorbents are viewed as promising substitutes for CO2 capture due to their remarkable CO2 absorption performance, excellent stability and low energy requirement for regeneration. Further decreasing the regeneration heat requirement can be achieved by utilizing ILs-based anhydrous biphasic absorbents, whose solid CO2-rich phase contained small volume and low specific heat capacity. Given the high hygroscopicity of ILs and the water present in the flue gas, comprehending the effect of water is crucial for post-combustion carbon capture using ILs-based anhydrous biphasic absorbents. In this work, the effect of water on CO2 absorption by an anhydrous biphasic absorbent, tetramethylammonium glycinate ([N1111][Gly])/ethanol, was studied. The experimental results demonstrated that the CO2 loading and absorption rate were decreased in the presence of water, but the CO2 desorption efficiency was enhanced. Besides, the presence of water slightly reduced the reaction heat of CO2 absorption by [N1111][Gly]/ethanol to 69.48 kJ/mol CO2, which was 20% lower than that of monoethanolamine (MEA) absorbent. Furthermore, the 13C NMR results indicated that the primary CO2-product was bicarbonate in the presence of water rather than carbamate. There were three possible pathways for bicarbonate generation: zwitterion hydrolysis, carbamate hydrolysis, and base-catalyzed CO2 hydration. Water and ethanol competed to react with carbamate. When a large amount of water was present (≥70 wt%), the reaction of ethanol with the carbamate hardly occurred.

Analisis Efektivitas Daya Tampung Embung Taman Firdaus Universitas Sriwijaya

Floods occur due to reduced water catchment areas due to increased land use, both for settlements and economic activities. The purpose of this research is to analyze the storage capacity of the embankment. The Firdaus Taman Firdaus Reservoir of Sriwijaya University (UNSRI) is located in the Ogan Ilir district and is useful as a place for rainwater storage and flood control. Embung has many benefits to meet the water needs of UNSRI. The UNSRI reservoir has an area of ​​24 hectares, the west reservoir is 8 m from the bottom and 50 m long. Results of data analysis, the volume of the reservoir with a depth of 5 m with an area of ​​pond 1 covering an area of ​​423804.79 m2 can accommodate water with a storage volume capacity of 2119023.95 m3. The results of testing the average water content in the original soil (w) = 87.38 %. The test results for the average soil specific gravity (Gs) are 2.19. The results of the Atterberg limit test, the liquid limit value in soil (LL) = 57.00 %, the plastic limit in soil (PL) = 48.37 %, and the plasticity index in soil (IP) = 8.63 %. Based on the AASTHO classification, the soil in the UNSRI Firdaus Taman Embung belongs to group A-2-5, as silt or loamy gravel and sand. Meanwhile, based on the USCS classification, it is classified as Silts and Clays (CH). The results of the permeability test are the permeability value (K) = 3.034191 x 10-5 cm/s, which is low permeability.

Revealing the effect of hard carbon structure on the sodium storage behavior by using a model hard carbon precursor

The sodium storage mechanism of hard carbon anodes still remains controversial. It is usually believed that there exists relationship between the plateau capacity and the closed pores of hard carbon. Herein, a sulfamethazine molecule is selected as a model precursor to prepare hard carbon. A molten state occurs during the carbonization process of this precursor, which reduces the formation of open pores. Hard carbon materials exhibiting diverse closed pore structures are synthesized by carbonizing at temperatures ranging from 1100 °C to 1700 °C. The closed pores and plateau capacity exhibit a linear correlation, which is based on their closed pore volume and sodium-ion storage capacities. The hard carbon material prepared at 1500 °C exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, which delivers a high reversible capacity of 292 mAh g−1 with a plateau capacity of 230 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.05 A g−1, as well as decent cycling stability (83 % capacity retention at 0.1 A g−1 over 200 cycles). The model hard carbon confirms that the plateau capacity is attributed to the storage of sodium ions in the closed pores.

PENATALAKSANAAN FISIOTERAPI PADA KASUS SINDROM OBSTRUKSI PASCA TUBERKULOSIS PARU : STUDI KASUS

Introduction : Tuberculosis is a pathological condition caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Even though it has been treated, sometimes pulmonary TB cases still leave sequelae called TB sequelae. Improper management of TB sequelae can increase the risk of mortality. Thus, it is necessary to have a structured rehabilitation program in cases of TB sequelae.
 Purpose : to determine the effect of physical therapy exercise on the management of TB sequelae cases.
 Methods : Research method using a case report.
 Outcome measurement: measurement of sputum using auscultation, muscle spasm using palpation, examination of lung volume capacity using Voldyne and peak flow meter, examination of thoracic cage expansion using the midline.
 Results: after 5 times of therapy, there was decreasing sputum volume, decreasing spasm of the accessory muscles of breathing, improve thoracic expansion, and improve lung volume capacity.
 Conclusions: Administration of programmed exercise in cases of TB sequelae can increase lung volume and increase thoracic expansion.